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kinC kinC ybdJ ybdJ ybdK ybdK glnJ glnJ glnL glnL ycbL ycbL ycbM ycbM natK natK natR natR yclJ yclJ yclK yclK dctS dctS dctR dctR ydfH ydfH ydfI ydfI yesM yesM yesN yesN citS citS citT citT acoR acoR kinD kinD kinA kinA cheV cheV cheY cheY cheB cheB cheA cheA yneI yneI desK desK desR desR yplP yplP resE resE resD resD bkdR bkdR spo0A spo0A yrkQ yrkQ yrkP yrkP spo0B spo0B lytT lytT lytS lytS phoR phoR phoP phoP bceS bceS bceR bceR kinB kinB yufL yufL yufM yufM comA comA comP comP cssR cssR cssS cssS liaR liaR liaS liaS yvrG yvrG yvrH yvrH yvfU yvfU yvfT yvfT yvcQ yvcQ yvcP yvcP hprK hprK degU degU degS degS ywpD ywpD spo0F spo0F yxjM yxjM yxjL yxjL yxdK yxdK yxdJ yxdJ rocR rocR walK walK walR walR yfiJ yfiJ yfiK yfiK yhcK yhcK yhcY yhcY yhcZ yhcZ ykoG ykoG ykoH ykoH kinE kinE
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splice isoforms or post-translational modifications are collapsed, i.e. each node represents all the proteins produced by a single, protein-coding gene locus.
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query proteins and first shell of interactors
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second shell of interactors
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proteins of unknown 3D structure
filled nodes:
a 3D structure is known or predicted
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Edges represent protein-protein associations
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Known Interactions
from curated databases
experimentally determined
Predicted Interactions
gene neighborhood
gene fusions
gene co-occurrence
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textmining
co-expression
protein homology
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kinCTwo-component sensor histidine kinase; Phosphorylates the sporulation-regulatory protein spo0A. (428 aa)
ybdJTwo-component response regulator [YbdK]; Member of the two-component regulatory system YbdK/YbdJ. (223 aa)
ybdKTwo-component sensor histidine kinase [YbdJ]; Member of the two-component regulatory system YbdK/YbdJ. Probably activates YbdJ by phosphorylation. (320 aa)
glnJTwo-component sensor histidine kinase [GlnL] for glutamine degradation; Member of the two-component regulatory system GlnK/GlnL that positively regulates the expression of the glsA-glnT operon in response to glutamine. It seems that autophosphorylated GlnK transfers a phosphoryl group to GlnL, which positively regulates the expression of the glsA-glnT operon. Interaction between GlnK-AmtB complex and TnrA protects TnrA from proteolytic degradation. (410 aa)
glnLTwo-component response regulator [GlnJ] for glutamine utilisation; Member of the two-component regulatory system GlnL/GlnK that positively regulates the expression of the glsA-glnT operon in response to glutamine. GlnL binds the promoter region of glsA-glnT in vitro. (314 aa)
ycbLTwo-component response regulator [YcbM]; Member of the two-component regulatory system YcbM/YcbL. (226 aa)
ycbMTwo-component sensor histidine kinase [YcbL]; Member of the two-component regulatory system YcbM/YcbL. Probably activates YcbL by phosphorylation. (311 aa)
natKTwo-component sensor histidine kinase [NatR]; Member of the two-component regulatory system NatK/NatR that positively regulates the expression of the natAB operon. Potentially phosphorylates NatR. (318 aa)
natRTwo-component response regulator [NatK]; Member of the two-component regulatory system NatK/NatR that positively regulates the expression of the natAB operon. Acts by binding directly to the promoter of natAB. (233 aa)
yclJTwo-component response regulator [YclK]; Could be member of the two-component regulatory system YclK/YclJ. (227 aa)
yclKTwo-component sensor histidine kinase [YclJ]; Could be member of the two-component regulatory system YclK/YclJ. Potentially phosphorylates YclJ. (473 aa)
dctSTwo-component sensor histidine kinase; Member of the two-component regulatory system DctS/DctR. Probably activates DctR by phosphorylation (By similarity). Essential for expression of dctP. (535 aa)
dctRTwo-component response regulator; Member of the two-component regulatory system DctS/DctR. Essential for expression of dctP. (226 aa)
ydfHTwo-component sensor histidine kinase [YdfI]; Member of the two-component regulatory system YdfH/YdfI. May activate YdfI by phosphorylation. (407 aa)
ydfITwo-component response regulator [YdfH]; Member of the two-component regulatory system YdfH/YdfI. Regulates the transcription of ydfJ by binding to its promoter region. (213 aa)
yesMTwo-component sensor histidine kinase [YesN]; Member of the two-component regulatory system YesM/YesN. Probably activates YesN by phosphorylation. (577 aa)
yesNTwo-component response regulator [YesM]; Member of the two-component regulatory system YesM/YesN. (368 aa)
citSTwo-component sensor histidine kinase; Member of the two-component regulatory system CitT/CitS. Regulates the expression of the citM-yflN operon. Functions probably as a membrane-associated protein kinase that phosphorylates CitT in response to environmental citrate or Mg(2+)-citrate complex. (542 aa)
citTTwo-component response regulator; Member of the two-component regulatory system CitT/CitS. Regulates the expression of the citM-yflN operon. Phosphorylated CitT binds to the citM promoter to activate the transcription of the citM- yflN operon. (226 aa)
acoRTranscriptional regulator; Acts as a transcriptional activator of the acoABCL operon encoding the acetoin dehydrogenase complex. (605 aa)
kinDHistidine kinase phosphorylating Spo0A; Phosphorylates the sporulation-regulatory protein spo0F and, to a minor extent, is responsible for heterogeneous expression of spo0A during logarithmical growth. Also phosphorylates spo0A under biofilm growth conditions. (506 aa)
kinASporulation-specific ATP-dependent protein histidine kinase; Phosphorylates the sporulation-regulatory proteins spo0A and spo0F. It also autophosphorylates in the presence of ATP. (606 aa)
cheVCoupling protein and response regulator for CheA activity in response to attractants (chemotaxis); Involved in the transmission of sensory signals from the chemoreceptors to the flagellar motors. Chemotaxis involves both a phosphorylation-dependent excitation and a methylation-dependent adaptation. CheV and CheW are involved in the coupling of the methyl- accepting chemoreceptors to the central two-component kinase CheA; they are both necessary for efficient chemotaxis. Moreover, CheA-dependent phosphorylation of CheV is required for adaptation to attractants during B.subtilis chemotaxis. (303 aa)
cheYRegulator of chemotaxis and motility; Involved in the transmission of sensory signals from the chemoreceptors to the flagellar motors. Phosphorylated CheY interacts with the flagella switch components FliM and FliY, which causes counterclockwise rotation of the flagella, resulting in smooth swimming. (120 aa)
cheBMethyl-accepting chemotaxis proteins (MCP)-glutamate methylesterase; Involved in the modulation of the chemotaxis system; catalyzes the demethylation of specific methylglutamate residues introduced into the chemoreceptors (methyl-accepting chemotaxis proteins) by CheR. B.subtilis has an effective methylation-independent adaptation system but must utilize the methylation system for adaptation to high concentrations of attractant; Belongs to the CheB family. (357 aa)
cheAChemotactic two-component sensor histidine kinase; Involved in the transmission of sensory signals from the chemoreceptors to the flagellar motors. CheA is autophosphorylated; it can transfer its phosphate group to CheB, CheY or CheV. (672 aa)
yneIPutative response regulator (CheY homolog); Evidence 3: Function proposed based on presence of conserved amino acid motif, structural feature or limited homology; putative regulator. (120 aa)
desKTwo-component sensor histidine kinase [DesR]; Member of the two-component regulatory system DesR/DesK, responsible for cold induction of the des gene coding for the Delta5 acyl-lipid desaturase. Acts as a sensor of the membrane fluidity. Probably activates DesR by phosphorylation. (370 aa)
desRTwo-component response regulator [DesK]; Member of the two-component regulatory system DesR/DesK, responsible for cold induction of the des gene coding for the Delta5 acyl-lipid desaturase. (199 aa)
yplPTranscriptional enhancer; May play a role in cold adaptation. (331 aa)
resETwo-component sensor histidine kinase; Member of the two-component regulatory system ResD/ResE involved in the global regulation of aerobic and anaerobic respiration. Probably phosphorylates ResD. (589 aa)
resDTwo-component response regulator; Member of the two-component regulatory system ResD/ResE. Required for the expression of resA, ctaA, qcrABC and fnr; activation role in global regulation of aerobic and anaerobic respiration. (240 aa)
bkdRTranscriptional regulator; Evidence 1a: Function experimentally demonstrated in the studied strain; Product type r: regulator. (692 aa)
spo0AResponse regulator; May play the central regulatory role in sporulation. It may be an element of the effector pathway responsible for the activation of sporulation genes in response to nutritional stress. Spo0A may act in concert with Spo0H (a sigma factor) to control the expression of some genes that are critical to the sporulation process. Repressor of abrB, activator of the spoIIa operon. Binds the DNA sequence 5'-TGNCGAA-3' (0A box). (267 aa)
yrkQTwo-component sensor histidine kinase [YrkP]; Member of the two-component regulatory system YrkQ/YrkP. Probably activates YrkP by phosphorylation. (432 aa)
yrkPTwo-component response regulator [YrkQ]; Member of the two-component regulatory system YrkQ/YrkP. (231 aa)
spo0BSporulation initiation phosphotransferase; Key element in the phosphorelay regulating sporulation initiation. Acts on spo0A. Mediates reversible phosphoryl transfer from spo0F to spo0A. (192 aa)
lytTTwo-component response regulator [LytS]; Member of the two-component regulatory system LytS/LytT that probably regulates genes involved in cell wall metabolism. (241 aa)
lytSTwo-component sensor histidine kinase [LytT]; Member of the two-component regulatory system LytS/LytT that probably regulates genes involved in cell wall metabolism. (593 aa)
phoRTwo-component sensor histidine kinase; Member of the two-component regulatory system PhoP/PhoR involved in the alkaline phosphatase genes regulation. PhoR may function as a membrane-associated protein kinase that phosphorylates PhoP in response to environmental signals. (579 aa)
phoPTwo-component response regulator; Member of the two-component regulatory system PhoP/PhoR involved in the regulation of alkaline phosphatase genes phoA and phoB and of phosphodiesterase. (240 aa)
bceSSensor protein BceS; Member of the two-component regulatory system BceS/BceR involved in the regulation of bacitracin resistance. Activates BceR in response to extracellular bacitracin. (334 aa)
bceRSensory transduction protein BceR; Member of the two-component regulatory system BceS/BceR involved in the regulation of bacitracin resistance. When activated by BceS, binds to the upstream region of the bceAB promoter and up- regulates the expression of these two genes. (231 aa)
kinBTwo-component sensor histidine kinase; Phosphorylates the sporulation-regulatory proteins spo0A and spo0F. Spo0F is required for the KinB activity. (428 aa)
yufLTwo-component sensor histidine kinase [YufM]; Member of a two-component regulatory system MalK/MalR. Involved in the activation of maeA, maeN and yflS in presence of malate. Probably activates MalR by phosphorylation. (533 aa)
yufMTwo-component response regulator [YufL]; Member of a two-component regulatory system MalK/MalR. Activates transcription of maeA, maeN and yflS in presence of malate by binding to their promoter region. (235 aa)
comATwo-component response regulator; Response regulator in the two-component regulatory system ComP/ComA involved in a major quorum response pathway that regulates the development of genetic competence. Regulates directly the expression of over 20 genes, including genes of the srfA operon, degQ, rapA, rapC, rapE, rapF, etc. Regulates indirectly, through the regulation of comK transcription, the expression of late competence genes. (214 aa)
comPTwo-component sensor histidine kinase; Sensor in the two-component regulatory system ComP/ComA involved in a major quorum response pathway that regulates the development of genetic competence. Plays a role in sporulation, at least partly interchangeable with that of SpoIIJ. Probably activates ComA by phosphorylation. (769 aa)
cssRTwo-component response regulator; Member of the two-component regulatory system CssS/CssR required to control the cellular response to secretion stress. (225 aa)
cssSTwo-component sensor histidine kinase; Member of the two-component regulatory system CssS/CssR required to control the cellular response to secretion stress. Required for the transcription of htrA. Could detect misfolded proteins at the membrane-cell wall interface and then activate CssR by phosphorylation. (451 aa)
liaRTwo-component response regulator [YvqE] responding to cell wall stress; Member of the two-component regulatory system LiaS/LiaR probably involved in response to a subset of cell wall-active antibiotics that interfere with the lipid II cycle in the cytoplasmic membrane (bacitracin, nisin, ramoplanin and vancomycin). Seems also involved in response to cationic antimicrobial peptides and secretion stress. LiaR regulates the transcription of the liaIHGFSR operon. (211 aa)
liaSTwo-component sensor histidine kinase [YvqC] sensing cell wall stress; Member of the two-component regulatory system LiaS/LiaR probably involved in response to a subset of cell wall-active antibiotics that interfere with the lipid II cycle in the cytoplasmic membrane (bacitracin, nisin, ramoplanin and vancomycin). Seems also involved in response to cationic antimicrobial peptides and secretion stress. Activates probably LiaR by phosphorylation. (360 aa)
yvrGTwo-component sensor histidine kinase YvrG innvolved in cell wall processes [YvrH]; Member of the two-component regulatory system YvrG/YvrH that positively regulates 7 transcriptional units (wprA, wapA-yxxG, dltABCDE, sunA, sunT-bdbA-yolJ-bdbB, sigO-rsoA, and sigX-rsiX), and negatively regulates the lytABC operon. Probably activates YvrH by phosphorylation. (580 aa)
yvrHTwo-component response regulator YvrH involved in cell wall processes [YvrG]; Member of the two-component regulatory system YvrG/YvrH that positively regulates 7 transcriptional units (wprA, wapA-yxxG, dltABCDE, sunA, sunT-bdbA-yolJ-bdbB, sigO-rsoA, and sigX-rsiX), and negatively regulates the lytABC operon. (237 aa)
yvfUTwo-component response regulator [YvfT]; Member of the two-component regulatory system YvfT/YvfU. (200 aa)
yvfTTwo-component sensor histidine kinase [YvfU]; Member of the two-component regulatory system YvfT/YvfU. Probably activates YvfU by phosphorylation. (371 aa)
yvcQTwo-component sensor histidine kinase [YvcP]; Member of the two-component regulatory system YvcQ/YvcP. Probably activates YvcP by phosphorylation. (356 aa)
yvcPTwo-component response regulator [YvcQ]; Member of the two-component regulatory system YvcQ/YvcP. (237 aa)
hprKSerine/threonine protein kinase/phosphorylase; Catalyzes the ATP- as well as the pyrophosphate-dependent phosphorylation of 'Ser-45' in HPr, a phosphocarrier protein of the phosphoenolpyruvate-dependent sugar phosphotransferase system (PTS). HprK/P also catalyzes the pyrophosphate-producing, inorganic phosphate- dependent dephosphorylation (phosphorolysis) of seryl-phosphorylated HPr (P-Ser-HPr). The two antagonistic activities of HprK/P are regulated by several intracellular metabolites, which change their concentration in response to the absence or presence of rapidly metabolisable c [...] (310 aa)
degUTwo-component response regulator; Member of the two-component regulatory system DegS/DegU, which plays an important role in the transition growth phase. Involved in the control of expression of different cellular functions, including production of degradative enzymes such as the neutral and alkaline proteases, flagellum formation, biofilm formation, and competence for DNA uptake. Positively or negatively regulates expression of many different genes. The phosphorylated form is required for synthesis of degradative enzymes, flagellum formation and biofilm formation. The unphosphorylated [...] (229 aa)
degSTwo-component sensor histidine kinase; Member of the two-component regulatory system DegS/DegU, which plays an important role in the transition growth phase. Involved in the control of expression of different cellular functions, including production of degradative enzymes such as the neutral and alkaline proteases, flagellum formation and biofilm formation. Acts as both a protein kinase that undergoes autophosphorylation and subsequently transfers the phosphate to DegU, and a protein phosphatase that dephosphorylates phospho-DegU. (385 aa)
ywpDPutative two-component sensor histidine kinase; Evidence 3: Function proposed based on presence of conserved amino acid motif, structural feature or limited homology; putative receptor. (278 aa)
spo0FTwo-component response regulator; Key element in the phosphorelay regulating sporulation initiation. Phosphorylation of spo0B during sporulation initiation. (124 aa)
yxjMTwo-component sensor histidine kinase [YxjL]; Probable member of the two-component regulatory system YxjM/YxjL. May activate YxjL by phosphorylation. (406 aa)
yxjLTwo-component response regulator [YxjM]; Probable member of the two-component regulatory system YxjM/YxjL. (218 aa)
yxdKTwo-component sensor histidine kinase [YxdJ]; Probable member of the two-component regulatory system YxdK/YxdJ. May activate YxdJ in response to the antibacterial protein LL-37. (325 aa)
yxdJTwo-component response regulator [YxdK]; Probable member of the two-component regulatory system YxdK/YxdJ. Positively regulates the expression of the yxdLMyxeA operon by direct interaction with its promoter region. Could also indirectly regulate the expression of the dlt operon. (229 aa)
rocRTranscriptional regulator (NtrC/NifA family); Positive regulator of arginine catabolism. Controls the transcription of the two operons rocABC and rocDEF and probably acts by binding to the corresponding upstream activating sequences. (461 aa)
walKTwo-component sensor histidine kinase [YycG]; Member of the two-component regulatory system WalK/WalR involved in the regulation of the ftsAZ operon, the yocH and ykvT, cwlO, lytE, ydjM, yjeA, yoeB genes and the tagAB and tagDEF operons. Phosphorylates WalR. (611 aa)
walRTwo-component response regulator [YycF]; Member of the two-component regulatory system WalK/WalR involved in the regulation of the ftsAZ operon, the yocH, ykvT, cwlO, lytE, ydjM, yjeA, yoeB genes and the tagAB and tagDEF operons. Binds to the ftsAZ P1 promoter sequence in vitro. WalR has been shown to directly bind to the regulatory regions of yocH, ykvT, tagAB/tagDEF. Activates cwlO, lytE and ydjM and represses yoeB and yjeA. (235 aa)
yfiJTwo-component sensor histidine kinase [YfiK]; Required for resistance to linearmycins, a family of antibiotic-specialized metabolites produced by some streptomycetes. Member of the two-component regulatory system LnrJ/LnrK, which induces expression of the LnrLMN ABC transporter in response to linearmycins and other polyenes. Acts as a specific sensor for linearmycin, either directly through binding or indirectly through membrane perturbation. Probably activates LnrK by phosphorylation. May also promote biofilm formation. (400 aa)
yfiKTwo-component response regulator [YfiJ]; Required for resistance to linearmycins, a family of antibiotic-specialized metabolites produced by some streptomycetes. Member of the two-component regulatory system LnrJ/LnrK, which induces expression of the LnrLMN ABC transporter in response to linearmycins and other polyenes. Probably binds to the promoter region of the lnrLMN operon and directly regulates its expression (Probable). May also promote biofilm formation. (220 aa)
yhcKPutative diguanylate cyclase or phosphodiesterase; Evidence 3: Function proposed based on presence of conserved amino acid motif, structural feature or limited homology; Product type pe: putative enzyme. (359 aa)
yhcYTwo-component sensor histidine kinase [YhcZ]; Member of the two-component regulatory system YhcY/YhcZ. Probably activates YhcZ by phosphorylation. (379 aa)
yhcZTwo-component response regulator [YhcY]; Member of the two-component regulatory system YhcY/YhcZ. (214 aa)
ykoGTwo-component response regulator [YkoH]; Probable member of the two-component regulatory system YkoH/YkoG. (228 aa)
ykoHTwo-component sensor histidine kinase [YkoG]; Probable member of the two-component regulatory system YkoH/YkoG. Potentially phosphorylates YkoG. (454 aa)
kinETwo-component sensor histidine kinase; Phosphorylates the sporulation-regulatory protein spo0A under biofilm growth conditions. Also able to weakly phosphorylate spo0F. (738 aa)
Your Current Organism:
Bacillus subtilis 168
NCBI taxonomy Id: 224308
Other names: B. subtilis subsp. subtilis str. 168, Bacillus subtilis subsp. subtilis 168, Bacillus subtilis subsp. subtilis str. 168, Bacillus subtilis subsp. subtilis str. BGSC 1A700
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