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| | rpsD | Ribosomal protein S4 (BS4); One of the primary rRNA binding proteins, it binds directly to 16S rRNA where it nucleates assembly of the body of the 30S subunit. S4 represses its own expression; it is not know if this is at the level of translation or of mRNA stability; Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uS4 family. (200 aa) |
| | ywbI | Putative transcriptional regulator (LysR family); Evidence 3: Function proposed based on presence of conserved amino acid motif, structural feature or limited homology; Product type pr: putative regulator; Belongs to the LysR transcriptional regulatory family. (301 aa) |
| | sacY | Transcriptional antiterminator; In the presence of sucrose, SacY is activated and prevents premature termination of transcription by binding to a RNA- antiterminator (RAT) sequence (partially overlapping with the terminator sequence) located upstream of the sacB gene. Formation of the SacY-RAT complex prevents alternative formation of the terminator, allowing transcription of the sacB gene. In the absence of sucrose, inhibition of SacY activity by SacX leads to termination of transcription; Belongs to the transcriptional antiterminator BglG family. (280 aa) |
| | ywaE | Putative transcriptional regulator (MarR family); Evidence 3: Function proposed based on presence of conserved amino acid motif, structural feature or limited homology; Product type pr: putative regulator. (171 aa) |
| | licR | Transcriptional activator of the lichenan operon; Positive regulator of the licABCH operon; Belongs to the transcriptional antiterminator BglG family. (641 aa) |
| | yyaN | Putative transcriptional regulator (MerR family); Evidence 3: Function proposed based on presence of conserved amino acid motif, structural feature or limited homology; putative regulator. (138 aa) |
| | sigY | RNA polymerase ECF (extracytoplasmic function)-type sigma factor (sigma-Y); Sigma factors are initiation factors that promote the attachment of RNA polymerase to specific initiation sites and are then released. Positively regulates the expression of the sigY-yxlCDEFG operon upon nitrogen starvation. Also positively regulates ybgB. (178 aa) |
| | yxjO | Putative transcriptional regulator (LysR family); Evidence 3: Function proposed based on presence of conserved amino acid motif, structural feature or limited homology; putative regulator; Belongs to the LysR transcriptional regulatory family. (291 aa) |
| | yxjL | Two-component response regulator [YxjM]; Probable member of the two-component regulatory system YxjM/YxjL. (218 aa) |
| | licT | Transcriptional antiterminator (BglG family); Mediates positive regulation of the glucanase operon (licST) by functioning as an antiterminator factor of transcription. Prevents termination at terminator lic-t; Belongs to the transcriptional antiterminator BglG family. (277 aa) |
| | yxdJ | Two-component response regulator [YxdK]; Probable member of the two-component regulatory system YxdK/YxdJ. Positively regulates the expression of the yxdLMyxeA operon by direct interaction with its promoter region. Could also indirectly regulate the expression of the dlt operon. (229 aa) |
| | iolR | Transcriptional regulator (DeoR family); Iol operon repressor. (251 aa) |
| | yxaD | Putative transcriptional regulator (MarR family); Evidence 3: Function proposed based on presence of conserved amino acid motif, structural feature or limited homology; Product type pr: putative regulator. (143 aa) |
| | gntR | Transcriptional regulator (GntR family); Transcriptional repressor of the gluconate operon (gntRKPZ), which encodes the proteins for gluconate utilization. Represses mRNA synthesis by binding to the gnt operator; the binding is suppressed by gluconate or glucono-delta-lactone. (243 aa) |
| | yydK | Putative transcriptional regulator (GntR family); Evidence 3: Function proposed based on presence of conserved amino acid motif, structural feature or limited homology; Product type pr: putative regulator. (236 aa) |
| | rocR | Transcriptional regulator (NtrC/NifA family); Positive regulator of arginine catabolism. Controls the transcription of the two operons rocABC and rocDEF and probably acts by binding to the corresponding upstream activating sequences. (461 aa) |
| | walK | Two-component sensor histidine kinase [YycG]; Member of the two-component regulatory system WalK/WalR involved in the regulation of the ftsAZ operon, the yocH and ykvT, cwlO, lytE, ydjM, yjeA, yoeB genes and the tagAB and tagDEF operons. Phosphorylates WalR. (611 aa) |
| | walR | Two-component response regulator [YycF]; Member of the two-component regulatory system WalK/WalR involved in the regulation of the ftsAZ operon, the yocH, ykvT, cwlO, lytE, ydjM, yjeA, yoeB genes and the tagAB and tagDEF operons. Binds to the ftsAZ P1 promoter sequence in vitro. WalR has been shown to directly bind to the regulatory regions of yocH, ykvT, tagAB/tagDEF. Activates cwlO, lytE and ydjM and represses yoeB and yjeA. (235 aa) |
| | yybE | Putative transcriptional regulator (LysR family); Evidence 3: Function proposed based on presence of conserved amino acid motif, structural feature or limited homology; Product type pr: putative regulator; Belongs to the LysR transcriptional regulatory family. (292 aa) |
| | yybA | Putative transcriptional regulator (MarR family); Evidence 3: Function proposed based on presence of conserved amino acid motif, structural feature or limited homology; Product type pr: putative regulator. (150 aa) |
| | dnaA | Chromosomal replication initiator protein DnaA; Plays an important role in the initiation and regulation of chromosomal replication. Binds to the origin of replication; it binds specifically double-stranded DNA at a 9 bp consensus (dnaA box): 5'- TTATC[CA]A[CA]A-3'. DnaA binds to ATP and to acidic phospholipids. DnaA can inhibit its own gene expression as well as that of other genes. (446 aa) |
| | abrB | Transcriptional regulator for transition state genes; Ambiactive repressor and activator of the transcription of genes expressed during the transition state between vegetative growth and the onset of stationary phase and sporulation. It controls the expression of genes spovG and tycA. AbrB binds to the tycA promoter region at two A- and T-rich sites, it may be the sole repressor of tycA transcription; To B.subtilis Abh and SpoVT. (96 aa) |
| | veg | Conserved hypothetical protein; Stimulates biofilm formation via transcriptional activation of extracellular matrix genes. Acts by repressing SinR activity, independently of the SinI, SlrA and SlrR pathways. Could also be involved in the regulation of other genes during biofilm and spore formation. (86 aa) |
| | purR | Transcriptional regulator of the purine biosynthesis operon; Controls the transcription of the pur operon for purine biosynthetic genes, binds to the control region of the operon. DNA binding is inhibited by 5-phosphoribosyl 1-pyrophosphate; Belongs to the purine/pyrimidine phosphoribosyltransferase family. (285 aa) |
| | mfd | Transcription-repair coupling factor; Couples transcription and DNA repair by recognizing RNA polymerase (RNAP) stalled at DNA lesions. Mediates ATP-dependent release of RNAP and its truncated transcript from the DNA, and recruitment of nucleotide excision repair machinery to the damaged site; In the N-terminal section; belongs to the UvrB family. (1177 aa) |
| | yazB | Putative transcriptional regulator; Evidence 3: Function proposed based on presence of conserved amino acid motif, structural feature or limited homology; Product type pr: putative regulator. (69 aa) |
| | ctsR | Transcriptional regulator; Controls the expression of the cellular protein quality control genes clpC, clpE and clpP, as well as mcsA and mcsB. Acts as a repressor of these class III stress genes by binding to a directly repeated heptanucleotide operator sequence (A/GGTCAAA NAN A/GGTCAAA). After heat shock, CtsR is degraded by the ClpCP and ClpEP proteolytic systems, ensuring the derepression of clpE, clpP and the clpC operon. CtsR negatively autoregulates its own synthesis. (154 aa) |
| | sigH | RNA polymerase sigma-30 factor (sigma(H)); Sigma factors are initiation factors that promote the attachment of RNA polymerase to specific initiation sites and are then released. This sigma factor is involved in the transition to post- exponential phase in the beginning of sporulation. It is also required for transcription of several stationary phase genes. (218 aa) |
| | nusG | Transcription antitermination factor; Participates in transcription elongation, termination and antitermination. Stimulates RNA polymerase pausing at U107 and U144 in the trp leader. NusG-stimulated pausing is sequence specific. Does not affect trp leader termination. (177 aa) |
| | rplA | Ribosomal protein L1 (BL1); Binds directly to 23S rRNA. The L1 stalk is quite mobile in the ribosome, and is involved in E site tRNA release. Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uL1 family. (232 aa) |
| | fusA | Elongation factor G; Catalyzes the GTP-dependent ribosomal translocation step during translation elongation. During this step, the ribosome changes from the pre-translocational (PRE) to the post-translocational (POST) state as the newly formed A-site-bound peptidyl-tRNA and P-site-bound deacylated tRNA move to the P and E sites, respectively. Catalyzes the coordinated movement of the two tRNA molecules, the mRNA and conformational changes in the ribosome (By similarity). (692 aa) |
| | tufA | Elongation factor Tu; This protein promotes the GTP-dependent binding of aminoacyl- tRNA to the A-site of ribosomes during protein biosynthesis. (396 aa) |
| | rplC | Ribosomal protein L3 (BL3); One of the primary rRNA binding proteins, it binds directly near the 3'-end of the 23S rRNA, where it nucleates assembly of the 50S subunit (By similarity). Strongly stimulates 23S rRNA precursor processing by mini-ribonuclease 3 (MrnC); 20-30% DMSO can replace L3, suggesting the protein may alter rRNA conformation; Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uL3 family. (209 aa) |
| | infA | Initiation factor IF-I; One of the essential components for the initiation of protein synthesis. Stabilizes the binding of IF-2 and IF-3 on the 30S subunit to which N-formylmethionyl-tRNA(fMet) subsequently binds. Helps modulate mRNA selection, yielding the 30S pre-initiation complex (PIC). Upon addition of the 50S ribosomal subunit IF-1, IF-2 and IF-3 are released leaving the mature 70S translation initiation complex. (72 aa) |
| | rplM | Ribosomal protein L13; This protein is one of the early assembly proteins of the 50S ribosomal subunit, although it is not seen to bind rRNA by itself. It is important during the early stages of 50S assembly. (145 aa) |
| | salA | Mrp family regulator; Binds and transfers iron-sulfur (Fe-S) clusters to target apoproteins. Can hydrolyze ATP; Belongs to the Mrp/NBP35 ATP-binding proteins family. (352 aa) |
| | btr | HTH-type transcriptional activator Btr; In iron-limited conditions, activates expression of the feuABCybbA operon, which encodes the bacillibactin uptake system. Acts by binding directly to a conserved direct repeat element upstream of the feuA promoter. Activity is increased in the presence of bacillibactin. (529 aa) |
| | ybbH | Putative transcriptional regulator; Evidence 3: Function proposed based on presence of conserved amino acid motif, structural feature or limited homology; Product type pr: putative regulator. (283 aa) |
| | sigW | RNA polymerase ECF(extracytoplasmic function)-type sigma factor W; Sigma factors are initiation factors that promote the attachment of RNA polymerase to specific initiation sites and are then released. Sigma-W controls genes involved in response to cell envelope stress such as antimicrobial peptides , alkaline pH , transport processes and detoxification. (187 aa) |
| | adaA | methylphosphotriester-DNA alkyltransferase and transcriptional regulator (AraC/XylS family); Is involved in the adaptive response to alkylation damage in DNA caused by alkylating agents. Repairs the methylphosphotriester lesions in DNA by a direct and irreversible transfer of the methyl group to one of its own cysteine residues. (211 aa) |
| | ybzH | Putative transcriptional regulator (ArsR family); Evidence 3: Function proposed based on presence of conserved amino acid motif, structural feature or limited homology; Product type pr: putative regulator. (100 aa) |
| | ybdJ | Two-component response regulator [YbdK]; Member of the two-component regulatory system YbdK/YbdJ. (223 aa) |
| | ybfA | Conserved hypothetical protein; Putative DNA-binding acetyltransferase. (305 aa) |
| | ybfI | Putative transcriptional regulator (AraC/XylS family, cupin family); Evidence 3: Function proposed based on presence of conserved amino acid motif, structural feature or limited homology; Product type pr: putative regulator. (275 aa) |
| | ybfP | Putative transcriptional regulator (AraC/XylS family); Probable transcriptional regulator. (295 aa) |
| | ybgA | Putative transcriptional regulator (GntR family); Transcriptional repressor of genes involved in glucosamine transport and utilization. Represses the expression of the gamAP operon by binding to the gamA-gamR intergenic region. (235 aa) |
| | ycbG | Transcriptional regulator (GntR family); Evidence 1a: Function experimentally demonstrated in the studied strain; Product type r: regulator. (233 aa) |
| | ycbL | Two-component response regulator [YcbM]; Member of the two-component regulatory system YcbM/YcbL. (226 aa) |
| | ycbM | Two-component sensor histidine kinase [YcbL]; Member of the two-component regulatory system YcbM/YcbL. Probably activates YcbL by phosphorylation. (311 aa) |
| | natR | Two-component response regulator [NatK]; Member of the two-component regulatory system NatK/NatR that positively regulates the expression of the natAB operon. Acts by binding directly to the promoter of natAB. (233 aa) |
| | yceK | Putative transcriptional regulator (ArsR family); Evidence 3: Function proposed based on presence of conserved amino acid motif, structural feature or limited homology; Product type pr: putative regulator. (100 aa) |
| | ycgE | Putative transcriptional regulator; Evidence 3: Function proposed based on presence of conserved amino acid motif, structural feature or limited homology; Product type pr: putative regulator. (154 aa) |
| | ycgK | Putative transcriptional regulator (LysR family); Evidence 3: Function proposed based on presence of conserved amino acid motif, structural feature or limited homology; putative regulator; Belongs to the LysR transcriptional regulatory family. (324 aa) |
| | ycxD | Putative PLP-dependent transcriptional regulator; Evidence 3: Function proposed based on presence of conserved amino acid motif, structural feature or limited homology; putative regulator. (444 aa) |
| | bsdA | HTH-type transcriptional regulator BsdA (LysR family); Could be a positive regulator of bsdBCD expression in response to salicylic acid. (290 aa) |
| | yclJ | Two-component response regulator [YclK]; Could be member of the two-component regulatory system YclK/YclJ. (227 aa) |
| | yclK | Two-component sensor histidine kinase [YclJ]; Could be member of the two-component regulatory system YclK/YclJ. Potentially phosphorylates YclJ. (473 aa) |
| | ycnC | Putative transcriptional regulator (TetR/AcrR family); Evidence 3: Function proposed based on presence of conserved amino acid motif, structural feature or limited homology; Product type pr: putative regulator. (292 aa) |
| | yczG | Putative transcriptional regulator (ArsR family); Evidence 3: Function proposed based on presence of conserved amino acid motif, structural feature or limited homology; Product type pr: putative regulator. (104 aa) |
| | gabR | Transcriptional regulator (GntR/MocR family) with PLP binding site; Activates the transcription of the gabTD operon. Is also a repressor of its own expression, both in the presence and absence of GABA. Binds specifically to the DNA region overlapping the -35 region of the gabT promoter and the -10 and +1 regions of the gabR promoter. Principally regulates the utilization of gamma-aminobutyrate. In the C-terminal section; belongs to the class-I pyridoxal-phosphate-dependent aminotransferase family. (479 aa) |
| | ycnK | Putative transcriptional regulator (DeoR family); May act as a negative transcriptional regulator of ycnJ in the presence of copper. May use copper as a corepressor. (190 aa) |
| | kipR | Transcriptional regulator (IclR family); Transcriptional repressor of the kip gene-containing operon. (250 aa) |
| | mtlR | Transcriptional regulator; Positively regulates the expression of the mtlAFD operon involved in the uptake and catabolism of mannitol. (694 aa) |
| | dctR | Two-component response regulator; Member of the two-component regulatory system DctS/DctR. Essential for expression of dctP. (226 aa) |
| | ndoAI | Antitoxin EndoAI; Antitoxin component of a type II toxin-antitoxin (TA) system. Antitoxin that directly inhibits activity of EndoA in vitro. Upon expression in E.coli counteracts inhibitory effect of endoribonuclease EndoA. The EndoA-EndoAI complex does not seem to bind its own promoter. (93 aa) |
| | rsbV | Anti-anti-sigma factor (antagonist of RsbW); Positive regulator of sigma-B activity. Non-phosphorylated RsbV binds to RsbW, preventing its association with sigma-B. When phosphorylated, releases RsbW, which is then free to complex with and inactivate sigma-B. (109 aa) |
| | rsbW | Switch protein/serine kinase and anti-sigma factor (inhibitory sigma-B binding protein); Negative regulator of sigma-B activity. Phosphorylates and inactivates its specific antagonist protein, RsbV. Upon phosphorylation of RsbV, RsbW is released and binds to sigma-B, thereby blocking its ability to form an RNA polymerase holoenzyme (E-sigma-B). (160 aa) |
| | sigB | RNA polymerase sigma-37 factor (sigma(B)); Sigma factors are initiation factors that promote the attachment of RNA polymerase to specific initiation sites and are then released. Sigma B is not essential for sporulation; rather it is required for maximal expression of ctc and csbA which are transcribed in the early stationary phase under conditions inimical to sporulation. May play a role in the ability of the bacterium to adapt to various stresses but is not essential for its survival under these conditions. Positively regulates expression of its own operon; Belongs to the sigma-70 fac [...] (262 aa) |
| | ydcH | Putative transcriptional regulator; Evidence 3: Function proposed based on presence of conserved amino acid motif, structural feature or limited homology; putative regulator. (147 aa) |
| | cspC | Cold-shock protein; Evidence 1a: Function experimentally demonstrated in the studied strain; Product type f: factor. (66 aa) |
| | ydeC | Putative transcriptional regulator (AraC/XylS family); Evidence 3: Function proposed based on presence of conserved amino acid motif, structural feature or limited homology; putative regulator. (291 aa) |
| | ydeE | Putative transcriptional regulator (AraC/XylS family); Evidence 3: Function proposed based on presence of conserved amino acid motif, structural feature or limited homology; Product type pr: putative regulator. (290 aa) |
| | ydeF | Putative PLP-dependent transcriptional regulator; Evidence 3: Function proposed based on presence of conserved amino acid motif, structural feature or limited homology; putative regulator. (462 aa) |
| | ydeL | Putative PLP-dependent transcriptional regulator; Evidence 3: Function proposed based on presence of conserved amino acid motif, structural feature or limited homology; putative regulator. (463 aa) |
| | ydeS | Putative transcriptional regulator (TetR/AcrR family); Evidence 3: Function proposed based on presence of conserved amino acid motif, structural feature or limited homology; putative regulator. (198 aa) |
| | aseR | Transcriptional regulator (metals sensing ArsR-SmtB repressors family); Metal-responsive transcriptional regulator that represses transcription of the aseR-ydfA operon by binding specifically to its promoter. Binding of arsenite or antimonite causes the repressor to dissociate from the DNA. (111 aa) |
| | ydfD | Putative PLP-dependent transcriptional regulator; Evidence 3: Function proposed based on presence of conserved amino acid motif, structural feature or limited homology; putative regulator. (482 aa) |
| | ydfF | Putative transcriptional regulator; Evidence 3: Function proposed based on presence of conserved amino acid motif, structural feature or limited homology; Product type pr: putative regulator. (226 aa) |
| | ydfI | Two-component response regulator [YdfH]; Member of the two-component regulatory system YdfH/YdfI. Regulates the transcription of ydfJ by binding to its promoter region. (213 aa) |
| | ydfL | Putative transcriptional regulator of efflux transporter; Evidence 3: Function proposed based on presence of conserved amino acid motif, structural feature or limited homology; Product type pr: putative regulator. (270 aa) |
| | ydgG | Putative transcriptional regulator (MarR family); Evidence 3: Function proposed based on presence of conserved amino acid motif, structural feature or limited homology; Product type pr: putative regulator. (152 aa) |
| | ydgJ | Putative transcriptional regulator (MarR family); Evidence 3: Function proposed based on presence of conserved amino acid motif, structural feature or limited homology; Product type pr: putative regulator. (164 aa) |
| | ydhC | Putative transcriptional regulator (GntR family); Evidence 3: Function proposed based on presence of conserved amino acid motif, structural feature or limited homology; Product type pr: putative regulator. (224 aa) |
| | gmuR | Transcriptional regulator (GntR family); Transcriptional repressor of the gmuBACDREFG operon which is involved in the uptake and degradation of glucomannan. (237 aa) |
| | gmuE | ROK fructokinase; Seems to be involved in the degradation of glucomannan. (299 aa) |
| | gmuF | Phosphohexomutase; Seems to be involved in the degradation of glucomannan. Belongs to the mannose-6-phosphate isomerase type 1 family. (315 aa) |
| | rex | Transcription repressor of cydABCD and yjlC-ndh expression; Modulates transcription in response to changes in cellular NADH/NAD(+) redox state. (215 aa) |
| | yerC | Conserved hypothetical protein; Evidence 4: Homologs of previously reported genes of unknown function. (104 aa) |
| | yeeI | Conserved hypothetical protein; Evidence 4: Homologs of previously reported genes of unknown function. (239 aa) |
| | yezE | Putative transcriptional regulator (TetR family); Evidence 3: Function proposed based on presence of conserved amino acid motif, structural feature or limited homology; Product type pr: putative regulator. (194 aa) |
| | yesN | Two-component response regulator [YesM]; Member of the two-component regulatory system YesM/YesN. (368 aa) |
| | yesS | Transcriptional regulator (AraC/XylS family); Probable transcription factor regulating the pathway responsible for rhamnogalacturonan depolymerization. (761 aa) |
| | yetL | Putative transcriptional regulator (MarR family); Evidence 3: Function proposed based on presence of conserved amino acid motif, structural feature or limited homology; Product type pr: putative regulator. (167 aa) |
| | yfmP | Transcriptional regulator (MerR family) of metal efflux transporter expression; Repressor of the yfmOP operon. A mutation in yfmP leads to overexpression of yfmO, probably causing a decrease in cellular copper that is eventually responsible for a reduced copper induction of copZA. (140 aa) |
| | citT | Two-component response regulator; Member of the two-component regulatory system CitT/CitS. Regulates the expression of the citM-yflN operon. Phosphorylated CitT binds to the citM promoter to activate the transcription of the citM- yflN operon. (226 aa) |
| | treR | Transcriptional regulator (GntR family); Repressor for the trePA operon. It is able to bind trehalose- 6-phosphate. (238 aa) |
| | acoR | Transcriptional regulator; Acts as a transcriptional activator of the acoABCL operon encoding the acetoin dehydrogenase complex. (605 aa) |
| | malR | Transcriptional activator of the Mal operon; Positive regulator of the glv operon expression, which consists of GlvA, GlvR and GlvC. (254 aa) |
| | yfiF | Putative transcriptional regulator (AraC/XylS family; Evidence 3: Function proposed based on presence of conserved amino acid motif, structural feature or limited homology; putative regulator. (314 aa) |
| | yfiK | Two-component response regulator [YfiJ]; Required for resistance to linearmycins, a family of antibiotic-specialized metabolites produced by some streptomycetes. Member of the two-component regulatory system LnrJ/LnrK, which induces expression of the LnrLMN ABC transporter in response to linearmycins and other polyenes. Probably binds to the promoter region of the lnrLMN operon and directly regulates its expression (Probable). May also promote biofilm formation. (220 aa) |
| | yfiR | Transcriptional regulator (TetR/AcrR family); Evidence 1a: Function experimentally demonstrated in the studied strain; Product type r: regulator. (205 aa) |
| | yfiV | Putative transcriptional regulator (MarR family); Evidence 3: Function proposed based on presence of conserved amino acid motif, structural feature or limited homology; Product type pr: putative regulator. (160 aa) |
| | recX | Regulatory protein RecX; Modulates RecA activity; Belongs to the RecX family. (264 aa) |
| | perR | Transcriptional regulator (Fur family); Hydrogen and organic peroxide sensor. Represses the expression of a regulon of peroxide-inducible genes such as katA, ahpC, ahpF, the heme biosynthesis operon (hemAXCDBL), fur, perR, zosA and mrgA; Belongs to the Fur family. (145 aa) |
| | yhbI | Putative transcriptional regulator (MarR family); Evidence 3: Function proposed based on presence of conserved amino acid motif, structural feature or limited homology; Product type pr: putative regulator. (154 aa) |
| | yhcF | Putative transcriptional regulator (GntR family); Evidence 3: Function proposed based on presence of conserved amino acid motif, structural feature or limited homology; Product type pr: putative regulator. (121 aa) |
| | cspB | Major cold-shock protein, RNA helicase co-factor, RNA co-chaperone; Binds to the pentamer sequences ATTGG and CCAAT with highest affinity in single-stranded DNA, and also to other sequences. Has greater affinity for ATTGG than CCAAT. Can act as transcriptional activator of cold shock genes by recognizing putative ATTGG-box elements present in promoter regions of genes induced under cold shock conditions. (67 aa) |
| | glpP | Glycerol-3-phosphate responding transcription antiterminator; Regulates expression of the glpD operon. In the presence of glycerol 3-phosphate (G3P) causes antitermination of transcription of glpD at the inverted repeat of the leader region to enhance its transcription. Binds and stabilizes glpD leader mRNA. May also regulate expression of the glpFK operon. (192 aa) |
| | yhcZ | Two-component response regulator [YhcY]; Member of the two-component regulatory system YhcY/YhcZ. (214 aa) |
| | nsrR | NO-dependent activator of the ResDE regulon; Nitric oxide-responsive transcriptional regulator. It represses the expression of flavohemoprotein hmp and the nitrite reductase nasD. Probably plays a role in the up-regulation of the resDE regulon in the presence of nitric oxide. (146 aa) |
| | citR | Transcriptional regulator CitR (LysR family); Negative regulatory protein for the citA gene for citrate synthase I; Belongs to the LysR transcriptional regulatory family. (291 aa) |
| | yhdI | Putative PLP-dependent transcriptional regulator; Evidence 3: Function proposed based on presence of conserved amino acid motif, structural feature or limited homology; putative regulator. (469 aa) |
| | sigM | RNA polymerase ECF (extracytoplasmic function)-type sigma factor (sigma(M)); Sigma factors are initiation factors that promote the attachment of RNA polymerase to specific initiation sites and are then released. Extracytoplasmic function (ECF) sigma factors are held in an inactive form by a cognate anti-sigma factor (YhdL) until released. This sigma factor is involved in the maintenance of membrane and cell wall integrity in response to environmental stresses including salt, acid, ethanol and antibiotics stress. Partially regulates transcription from a number of genes including disA. (163 aa) |
| | cueR | Copper efflux transcriptional regulator; Transcriptional activator of the copZA operon. (143 aa) |
| | scoC | HTH-type transcriptional regulator Hpr; Negative regulator of protease production and sporulation. Acts by binding directly to the promoter of protease genes (aprE and nprE), and by repressing oligopeptide permease operons (appABCDF and oppABCDF), thereby preventing uptake of oligopeptides required for initiation of sporulation. Acts with SinR as a corepressor of epr expression. (203 aa) |
| | yhgD | Putative transcriptional regulator; Evidence 3: Function proposed based on presence of conserved amino acid motif, structural feature or limited homology; putative regulator. (191 aa) |
| | yhjH | Putative transcriptional regulator; Evidence 3: Function proposed based on presence of conserved amino acid motif, structural feature or limited homology; Product type pr: putative regulator. (175 aa) |
| | yhjM | Transcriptional regulator of the ntd operon; Positively regulates the ntdABC operon and negatively regulates its own transcription. Binds to NTD to induce ntdABC transcription. (329 aa) |
| | yisR | Putative transcriptional regulator (AraC/XylS family); Evidence 3: Function proposed based on presence of conserved amino acid motif, structural feature or limited homology; putative regulator. (287 aa) |
| | degA | Transcriptional regulator (LacI family); Involved in the control of degradation of B.subtilis amidophosphoribosyltransferase (purF). Probably activates the gene for a degradative protease. (337 aa) |
| | yisV | Putative PLP-dependent transcriptional regulator; Evidence 3: Function proposed based on presence of conserved amino acid motif, structural feature or limited homology; putative regulator. (484 aa) |
| | spxA | Redox-sensitive regulator enzyme; Interferes with activator-stimulated transcription by interaction with the RNA polymerase alpha-CTD. May function to globally reduce transcription of genes involved in growth- and development- promoting processes and to increase transcription of genes involved in thiol homeostasis, during periods of extreme stress. Negatively affects competence and sporulation. Its degradation by the MecA/ClpXP complex is needed for competence development; Belongs to the ArsC family. Spx subfamily. (131 aa) |
| | manR | Transcriptional antiterminator; Positively regulates the expression of the mannose operon that consists of three genes, manP, manA, and yjdF, which are responsible for the transport and utilization of mannose. Also activates its own expression. (648 aa) |
| | manA | Mannose-6 phosphate isomerase; Evidence 1a: Function experimentally demonstrated in the studied strain; Product type e: enzyme; Belongs to the mannose-6-phosphate isomerase type 1 family. (315 aa) |
| | exuR | Transcriptional regulator (LacI family); Transcriptional repressor for the exu locus which is required for galacturonate utilization. (333 aa) |
| | xpf | Putative RNA polymerase PBSX sigma factor-like; Positive regulatory protein that acts at the late promoter PL. (169 aa) |
| | ohrR | Transcriptional regulator sensing organic peroxides; Organic peroxide sensor. Represses the expression of the peroxide-inducible gene ohrA by cooperative binding to two inverted repeat elements. (147 aa) |
| | ykoG | Two-component response regulator [YkoH]; Probable member of the two-component regulatory system YkoH/YkoG. (228 aa) |
| | tnrA | Nitrogen sensing transcriptional regulator; Transcription regulator that actives the transcription of genes required for nitrogen assimilation such as nrgAB (ammonium transport), nasABCDEF (nitrate/nitrite assimilation), ureABC (urea degradation) and gabP (GABA transport), during nitrogen limitation. Also represses glnRA and gltAB in the absence of ammonium. On the contrary of the MerR members, which require longer DNA sites for high-affinity binding, TnrA requires a DNA sequence of 17 nucleotides as minimal binding site. (110 aa) |
| | ykoM | Putative transcriptional regulator (MarR family); Evidence 3: Function proposed based on presence of conserved amino acid motif, structural feature or limited homology; Product type pr: putative regulator. (154 aa) |
| | sigI | RNA polymerase sigma factor; Sigma factors are initiation factors that promote the attachment of RNA polymerase to specific initiation sites and are then released. This sigma factor is involved in regulation of cell wall metabolism in response to heat stress. Acts by regulating the expression of genes such as bcrC, mreBH and lytE. Also plays a role in survival at low temperatures. Belongs to the sigma-70 factor family. SigI subfamily. (251 aa) |
| | kinE | Two-component sensor histidine kinase; Phosphorylates the sporulation-regulatory protein spo0A under biofilm growth conditions. Also able to weakly phosphorylate spo0F. (738 aa) |
| | mhqR | Transcriptional regulator (MarR family); Negatively regulates mhqA, mhqED, mhqNOP, and azoR2 which may contribute to the degradation of aromatic compounds. (145 aa) |
| | ykvZ | Putative transcriptional regulator (LacI family); Evidence 3: Function proposed based on presence of conserved amino acid motif, structural feature or limited homology; Product type pr: putative regulator. (321 aa) |
| | glcT | Transcriptional antiterminator (BglG family); Mediates the positive regulation of the glucose PTS operon (ptsGHI) by functioning as an antiterminator factor of transcription via its interaction with the RNA-antiterminator (RAT) sequence located upstream of the ptsG gene. The RNA-binding domain of GlcT directly binds to the RNA antiterminator (RAT) sequence and prevents transcriptional termination. GlcT binding requires two identical and nearly symmetrical triple base pairings in the RAT sequence. (288 aa) |
| | kinA | Sporulation-specific ATP-dependent protein histidine kinase; Phosphorylates the sporulation-regulatory proteins spo0A and spo0F. It also autophosphorylates in the presence of ATP. (606 aa) |
| | ccpC | Transcriptional repressor of citB and citZ; Evidence 1a: Function experimentally demonstrated in the studied strain; Product type r: regulator; Belongs to the LysR transcriptional regulatory family. (293 aa) |
| | fruR | Transcriptional regulator (DeoR family); Evidence 2a: Function of homologous gene experimentally demonstrated in an other organism; Product type r: regulator. (251 aa) |
| | kinC | Two-component sensor histidine kinase; Phosphorylates the sporulation-regulatory protein spo0A. (428 aa) |
| | ylaC | RNA polymerase ECF-type sigma factor; Sigma factors are initiation factors that promote the attachment of RNA polymerase to specific initiation sites and are then released. This sigma factor contributes to oxidative stress resistance. (173 aa) |
| | mraZ | Putative protein involved in cell division or replication; Evidence 3: Function proposed based on presence of conserved amino acid motif, structural feature or limited homology; Product type cp: cell process; Belongs to the MraZ family. (143 aa) |
| | sigE | RNA polymerase sporulation-specific sigma-29 factor (sigma-E); Sigma factors are initiation factors that promote the attachment of RNA polymerase to specific initiation sites and are then released. This sigma factor is responsible for the expression of sporulation specific genes. (239 aa) |
| | sigG | RNA polymerase sporulation-specific sigma factor (sigma-G); Sigma factors are initiation factors that promote the attachment of RNA polymerase to specific initiation sites and are then released. This sigma factor is responsible for the expression of sporulation specific genes in the forespore. (260 aa) |
| | rsmB | RNA-binding Sun protein; Specifically methylates the cytosine at position 967 (m5C967) of 16S rRNA. (447 aa) |
| | fapR | Transcription factor controlling fatty acid and phospholipid metabolism; Transcription factor involved in regulation of membrane lipid biosynthesis by repressing genes involved in fatty acid and phospholipid metabolism. Binds to the 5'-TTAGTANNNNNTANTAA-3' consensus sequence found in the promoter of fabHAF operon (containing fabHA and fabF genes), yhdO and fapR genes and prevents their expression. Its action is probably modulated by malonyl-CoA. (188 aa) |
| | codY | Transcriptional regulator, GTP and BCAA-dependent; DNA-binding protein that represses the expression of many genes that are induced as cells make the transition from rapid exponential growth to stationary phase and sporulation. It is a GTP- binding protein that senses the intracellular GTP concentration as an indicator of nutritional limitations. At low GTP concentration it no longer binds GTP and stop to act as a transcriptional repressor. (259 aa) |
| | sigD | RNA polymerase sigma-28 factor (sigma-D); Sigma factors are initiation factors that promote the attachment of RNA polymerase to specific initiation sites and are then released. This alternative sigma factor is required for the transcription of the flagellin and motility genes as well as for wild- type chemotaxis. (254 aa) |
| | tsf | Elongation factor Ts; Associates with the EF-Tu.GDP complex and induces the exchange of GDP to GTP. It remains bound to the aminoacyl-tRNA.EF- Tu.GTP complex up to the GTP hydrolysis stage on the ribosome (By similarity); Belongs to the EF-Ts family. (293 aa) |
| | nusA | Transcription translation coupling factor involved in Rho-dependent transcription termination; Participates in both transcription termination and antitermination. (371 aa) |
| | infB | Initiation factor IF-2; One of the essential components for the initiation of protein synthesis. Protects formylmethionyl-tRNA from spontaneous hydrolysis and promotes its binding to the 30S ribosomal subunits. Also involved in the hydrolysis of GTP during the formation of the 70S ribosomal complex; Belongs to the TRAFAC class translation factor GTPase superfamily. Classic translation factor GTPase family. IF-2 subfamily. (716 aa) |
| | ymfC | Putative transcriptional regulator (GntR family); Evidence 3: Function proposed based on presence of conserved amino acid motif, structural feature or limited homology; Product type pr: putative regulator. (241 aa) |
| | pksA | Putative transcriptional regulator; Transcriptional regulation of the polyketide synthase operon. (205 aa) |
| | hfq | Hfq RNA chaperone; RNA chaperone that binds small regulatory RNA (sRNAs) and mRNAs to facilitate mRNA translational regulation in response to envelope stress, environmental stress and changes in metabolite concentrations. Also binds with high specificity to tRNAs. Belongs to the Hfq family. (73 aa) |
| | glnR | Transcriptional regulator (nitrogen metabolism); Transcription repressor that represses many genes including ureABC and tnrA, during nitrogen excess. On the contrary of the MerR members, which require longer DNA sites for high-affinity binding, GlnR requires a DNA sequence of 17 nucleotides as minimal binding site. (135 aa) |
| | glnA | Glutamine synthetase; Glutamine synthetase (GS) is an unusual multitasking protein that functions as an enzyme, a transcription coregulator, and a chaperone in ammonium assimilation and in the regulation of genes involved in nitrogen metabolism. It catalyzes the ATP-dependent biosynthesis of glutamine from glutamate and ammonia. Feedback-inhibited GlnA interacts with and regulates the activity of the transcriptional regulator TnrA. During nitrogen limitation, TnrA is in its DNA- binding active state and turns on the transcription of genes required for nitrogen assimilation. Under condi [...] (444 aa) |
| | lexA | Transcriptional repressor of the SOS regulon; Represses dinA, dinB, dinC, recA genes and itself by binding to the 14 bp palindromic sequence 5'-CGAACNNNNGTTCG-3'; some genes have a tandem consensus sequence and their binding is cooperative. In the presence of single-stranded DNA, RecA interacts with LexA causing an autocatalytic cleavage which disrupts the DNA-binding part of LexA, leading to derepression of the SOS regulon and eventually DNA repair; autocleavage is maximal at pH 11 in the absence of RecA and ssDNA. (205 aa) |
| | pcfA | Factor controlling DNA replication; Inhibits DNA replication in growing cells, thus reducing chromosome copy number and playing a significant role during the onset of sporulation. (148 aa) |
| | ftsR | Transcriptional regulator (LysR family); Regulates expression of the cell division protein ftsW, and is essential for cell viability during stationary phase. (285 aa) |
| | gltC | Transcriptional regulator (LysR family); Positive regulator of glutamate biosynthesis (gltAB genes). Negatively regulates its own expression. (300 aa) |
| | yoaU | Putative transcriptional regulator (LysR family); Evidence 3: Function proposed based on presence of conserved amino acid motif, structural feature or limited homology; Product type pr: putative regulator; Belongs to the LysR transcriptional regulatory family. (290 aa) |
| | yobD | Transcriptional regulator (phage-related, Xre family); Evidence 1a: Function experimentally demonstrated in the studied strain; Product type h: extrachromosomal origin. (112 aa) |
| | yobQ | Putative transcriptional regulator (AraC/XylS family); Evidence 3: Function proposed based on presence of conserved amino acid motif, structural feature or limited homology; putative regulator. (241 aa) |
| | yobV | Putative transcriptional regulator; Evidence 3: Function proposed based on presence of conserved amino acid motif, structural feature or limited homology; Product type pr: putative regulator. (313 aa) |
| | czrA | Transcriptional regulator (multiple metal-sensing ArsR-SmtB transcriptional repressors family); Metal-responsive transcriptional regulator that represses transcription of cadA and the czcD-trkA operon by binding specifically to their promoter. Binding of zinc causes the repressor to dissociate from the DNA. (107 aa) |
| | desR | Two-component response regulator [DesK]; Member of the two-component regulatory system DesR/DesK, responsible for cold induction of the des gene coding for the Delta5 acyl-lipid desaturase. (199 aa) |
| | arxR | Transcriptional repressor; Negatively regulates yodC and azoR1 which may contribute to the degradation of aromatic compounds. Probably positively regulates the catechol-specific transcription of mhqNOP, mhqED, and mhqA. (112 aa) |
| | yosL | Hypothetical protein; Evidence 5: No homology to any previously reported sequences. (117 aa) |
| | ypoP | Putative transcriptional regulator (MarR family); Evidence 3: Function proposed based on presence of conserved amino acid motif, structural feature or limited homology; Product type pr: putative regulator. (141 aa) |
| | yplP | Transcriptional enhancer; May play a role in cold adaptation. (331 aa) |
| | cspD | Cold-shock protein, molecular chaperone, RNA-helicase co-factor; Evidence 1a: Function experimentally demonstrated in the studied strain; Product type f: factor. (66 aa) |
| | kdgR | Kdg operon transcriptional regulator (LacI family); Transcriptional repressor of the kdgRKAT and kduID operons for pectin utilization. (339 aa) |
| | birA | Biotin acetyl-CoA-carboxylase ligase and biotin regulon repressor; Acts both as a biotin--[acetyl-CoA-carboxylase] ligase and a repressor; Belongs to the biotin--protein ligase family. (325 aa) |
| | mtrB | Tryptophan operon RNA-binding attenuation protein (TRAP); Required for transcription attenuation control in the trp operon. This trans-acting factor binds to trinucleotide repeats (GAG or UAG) located in the trp leader transcript causing transcription termination. Binds the leader RNA only in presence of L-tryptophan. Belongs to the MtrB family. (75 aa) |
| | sigX | RNA polymerase ECF(extracytoplasmic function)-type sigma factor sigma(X); Sigma factors are initiation factors that promote the attachment of RNA polymerase to specific initiation sites and are then released. May be involved in the regulation of iron metabolism; Belongs to the sigma-70 factor family. ECF subfamily. (194 aa) |
| | resE | Two-component sensor histidine kinase; Member of the two-component regulatory system ResD/ResE involved in the global regulation of aerobic and anaerobic respiration. Probably phosphorylates ResD. (589 aa) |
| | resD | Two-component response regulator; Member of the two-component regulatory system ResD/ResE. Required for the expression of resA, ctaA, qcrABC and fnr; activation role in global regulation of aerobic and anaerobic respiration. (240 aa) |
| | sigF | RNA polymerase sporulation-specific sigma factor (sigma-F); Sigma factors are initiation factors that promote the attachment of RNA polymerase to specific initiation sites and are then released. This sigma factor is responsible for the expression of sporulation specific genes. Interaction with SpoIIAB inhibits sigma-F activity throughout the cell before the formation of the asymmetric septum; after septation the interaction is confined to the mother cell, and sigma F activity is released in the prespore. Responsible for expression of csfB (the anti-sigma-G factor Gin). (255 aa) |
| | spoIIAB | Anti-sigma factor (antagonist of sigma(F)) and serine kinase; Binds to sigma F and blocks its ability to form an RNA polymerase holoenzyme (E-sigma F). Phosphorylates SpoIIAA on a serine residue. This phosphorylation may enable SpoIIAA to act as an anti- anti-sigma factor that counteracts SpoIIAB and thus releases sigma F from inhibition. (146 aa) |
| | spoIIAA | Anti-anti-sigma factor (antagonist of SpoIIAB); In the phosphorylated form it could act as an anti-anti-sigma factor that counteracts SpoIIAB and thus releases sigma f from inhibition; Belongs to the anti-sigma-factor antagonist family. (117 aa) |
| | fur | Transcriptional regulator for iron transport and metabolism; Iron uptake repressor. Acts on the transcription of ferri- siderophore uptake genes. (149 aa) |
| | bmrR | Transcriptional regulator (MerR family); Activates transcription of the bmr gene in response to structurally dissimilar drugs. Binds rhodamine as an inducer. (278 aa) |
| | bkdR | Transcriptional regulator; Evidence 1a: Function experimentally demonstrated in the studied strain; Product type r: regulator. (692 aa) |
| | spo0A | Response regulator; May play the central regulatory role in sporulation. It may be an element of the effector pathway responsible for the activation of sporulation genes in response to nutritional stress. Spo0A may act in concert with Spo0H (a sigma factor) to control the expression of some genes that are critical to the sporulation process. Repressor of abrB, activator of the spoIIa operon. Binds the DNA sequence 5'-TGNCGAA-3' (0A box). (267 aa) |
| | ahrC | Transcriptional regulator; Represses the synthesis of biosynthetic enzymes and activates the arginine catabolism. Controls the transcription of the two operons rocABC and rocDEF. (149 aa) |
| | nusB | Transcription termination factor NusB; Involved in transcription antitermination. Required for transcription of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes. Binds specifically to the boxA antiterminator sequence of the ribosomal RNA (rrn) operons. (131 aa) |
| | efp | Elongation factor P; Involved in peptide bond synthesis. Stimulates efficient translation and peptide-bond synthesis on native or reconstituted 70S ribosomes in vitro. Probably functions indirectly by altering the affinity of the ribosome for aminoacyl-tRNA, thus increasing their reactivity as acceptors for peptidyl transferase (By similarity). (185 aa) |
| | mntR | Transcriptional regulator (DtxR family); Central regulator of manganese homeostasis that regulates the expression of both manganese uptake and efflux systems. In the presence of high levels of manganese, it mediates repression of the manganese uptake systems MntH and MntABCD and activation of the efflux systems MneP and MneS. Binds with high affinity to the regulatory regions of its target genes. The manganese concentration required for activation of efflux is higher than that for repression of uptake ; Belongs to the DtxR/MntR family. (142 aa) |
| | sinI | Antagonist of SinR; Acts as an antagonist to SinR. SinI prevents SinR from binding to its target sequence on the gene for AprE. (57 aa) |
| | sinR | Master regulator of biofilm formation; Negative as well as positive regulator of alternate developmental processes that are induced at the end of vegetative growth in response to nutrient depletion. Binds to the alkaline protease (aprE) gene at two sites. Also acts as a repressor of the key sporulation gene spo0A. Negatively regulates transcription of the eps operon, which is responsible for the biosynthesis of an exopolysaccharide involved in biofilm formation; therefore it could govern the transition between a state in which bacteria swim or swarm and a state in which bacteria assemb [...] (111 aa) |
| | zur | Transcriptional regulator (Fur family); Acts as a negative controlling element, employing Zn(2+) as a cofactor to bind the operator of the repressed genes. Required for the zinc-specific repression of two operons implicated in zinc uptake, yciC and ycdHIyceA. Also represses the expression of rpmE2, the gene for ribosomal protein L31B, which is expressed only after the end of exponential growth. (145 aa) |
| | sigA | RNA polymerase major sigma-43 factor (sigma-A); Sigma factors are initiation factors that promote the attachment of RNA polymerase to specific initiation sites and are then released. This sigma factor is the primary sigma factor during exponential growth; Belongs to the sigma-70 factor family. RpoD/SigA subfamily. (371 aa) |
| | ccpN | Negative regulator of gluconeogenesis; Transcription repressor that binds to the promoter of gapB and pckA genes, preventing their expression. Acts as a regulator for catabolite repression of gluconeogenic genes. (212 aa) |
| | era | GTP-binding protein; An essential GTPase that binds both GDP and GTP, with rapid nucleotide exchange. Plays a role in 16S rRNA processing and 30S ribosomal subunit biogenesis and possibly also in cell cycle regulation and energy metabolism (By similarity). Binds both GDP and GTP. Complements an E.coli era disruption mutant; Belongs to the TRAFAC class TrmE-Era-EngA-EngB-Septin-like GTPase superfamily. Era GTPase family. (301 aa) |
| | hrcA | Transcriptional regulator of heat-shock genes; Negative regulator of class I heat shock genes (grpE-dnaK- dnaJ and groELS operons). Prevents heat-shock induction of these operons. (343 aa) |
| | lepA | Ribosomal elongation factor, GTPase; Required for accurate and efficient protein synthesis under certain stress conditions. May act as a fidelity factor of the translation reaction, by catalyzing a one-codon backward translocation of tRNAs on improperly translocated ribosomes. Back-translocation proceeds from a post-translocation (POST) complex to a pre- translocation (PRE) complex, thus giving elongation factor G a second chance to translocate the tRNAs correctly. Binds to ribosomes in a GTP- dependent manner. (612 aa) |
| | rsfS | Ribosomal silencing factor; Functions as a ribosomal silencing factor. Interacts with ribosomal protein L14 (rplN), blocking formation of intersubunit bridge B8. Prevents association of the 30S and 50S ribosomal subunits and the formation of functional ribosomes, thus repressing translation. (118 aa) |
| | yqeH | GTPase involved in ribosome 30S assembly; Binds GTP and GDP. (366 aa) |
| | spoIVCA | RNA polymerase sporulation-specific sigma-K factor precursor (Sigma-27) (N-terminal half); Putative site-specific recombinase having a very important role in sporulation. It probably plays a role in the recombination of SpoIIIC and SpoIVCB to form sigma K factor. (500 aa) |
| | arsR | Transcriptional regulator (ArsR family); Transcriptional repressor for the ars operon. (105 aa) |
| | yrkS | RNA polymerase sporulation-specific sigma-K factor precursor (Sigma-27) (C-terminal fragment); Evidence 1a: Function experimentally demonstrated in the studied strain; Product type f: factor. (54 aa) |
| | yrkP | Two-component response regulator [YrkQ]; Member of the two-component regulatory system YrkQ/YrkP. (231 aa) |
| | yrkD | Putative transcriptional regulator; Evidence 3: Function proposed based on presence of conserved amino acid motif, structural feature or limited homology; putative regulator. (63 aa) |
| | bltR | Transcriptional regulator; Activates transcription of the blt gene in response to structurally dissimilar drugs. (273 aa) |
| | yrdQ | Putative transcriptional regulator (LysR family); Evidence 3: Function proposed based on presence of conserved amino acid motif, structural feature or limited homology; Product type pr: putative regulator; Belongs to the LysR transcriptional regulatory family. (288 aa) |
| | gltR | Transcriptional regulator (LysR family); Positive regulator of glutamate biosynthesis (gltAB genes). Negatively regulates its own expression; Belongs to the LysR transcriptional regulatory family. (296 aa) |
| | sigZ | RNA polymerase ECF(extracytoplasmic function)-type sigma factor (sigma-Z); Sigma factors are initiation factors that promote the attachment of RNA polymerase to specific initiation sites and are then released. (176 aa) |
| | yraN | Putative transcriptional regulator (LysR family); Evidence 3: Function proposed based on presence of conserved amino acid motif, structural feature or limited homology; Product type pr: putative regulator; Belongs to the LysR transcriptional regulatory family. (289 aa) |
| | yraB | Putative transcriptional regulator (MerR family); Transcriptional regulator involved in the response to aldehyde stress. Binds to the promoter region of the adhA-yraA operon, the yraC and its own promoter region; binding is unchanged in the presence of aldehydes. (140 aa) |
| | levR | Transcriptional regulator (NifA/NtrC family); Involved in positive regulation of the levanase operon which comprises the levDEFG genes for a fructose PTS system, and sacA for levanase. (935 aa) |
| | sigV | RNA polymerase ECF(extracytoplasmic function)-type sigma factor (sigma(V)); Sigma factors are initiation factors that promote the attachment of RNA polymerase to specific initiation sites and are then released. Positively regulates the expression of proteins involved in stress responses against bacitracin, paraquat and tellurite. Belongs to the sigma-70 factor family. ECF subfamily. (166 aa) |
| | bscR | Transcriptional regulator for cypB; Negatively regulates the transcription of the fatR-cypB operon. Is displaced from its operator by a range of fatty acids such as oleate, linoleate and phytanate, thereby allowing transcription of the fatR-cypB operon. (194 aa) |
| | greA | Transcription elongation factor; Necessary for efficient RNA polymerase transcription elongation past template-encoded arresting sites. The arresting sites in DNA have the property of trapping a certain fraction of elongating RNA polymerases that pass through, resulting in locked ternary complexes. Cleavage of the nascent transcript by cleavage factors such as GreA or GreB allows the resumption of elongation from the new 3'terminus. GreA releases sequences of 2 to 3 nucleotides (By similarity); Belongs to the GreA/GreB family. (157 aa) |
| | cymR | Transcriptional regulator of cysteine biosynthesis; Master repressor of cysteine metabolism in B.subtilis. Controls the expression of genes involved either in cysteine synthesis from sulfide (cysK), sulfonates (ssu), or methionine (mccAB) or in cystine uptake (tcyP). Activity of CymR is positively regulated by CysK in response to cysteine availability. When cysteine is present, the pool of O-acetylserine (OAS) is low, which leads to the formation of a CymR-CysK complex and transcriptional repression of the CymR regulon occurs. In the absence of cysteine, the OAS pool is high and the Cy [...] (138 aa) |
| | rarA | DNA-dependent ATPase; Evidence 2a: Function of homologous gene experimentally demonstrated in an other organism; Product type e: enzyme; Belongs to the AAA ATPase family. RarA/MGS1/WRNIP1 subfamily. (421 aa) |
| | yrbC | Conserved hypothetical protein; Evidence 4: Homologs of previously reported genes of unknown function. (240 aa) |
| | ysmB | Putative transcriptional regulator (MarR family); Evidence 3: Function proposed based on presence of conserved amino acid motif, structural feature or limited homology; Product type pr: putative regulator. (146 aa) |
| | gerE | Transcriptional regulator; Involved in the regulation of spore formation. Directs the transcription of several genes that encode structural components of the protein coat that encases the mature spore (CotB, CotC, CotG, CotS, CotV, CotW, CotX, CotY and CotZ). Controls also the cgeAB and cgeCDE operons. (74 aa) |
| | fadR | Transcriptional regulator of fatty acids degradation (TetR/AcrR family); Transcriptional regulator in fatty acid degradation. Represses transcription of genes required for fatty acid transport and beta-oxidation, including acdA, fadA, fadB, fadE, fadF, fadG, fadH, fadM, fadN, lcfA and lcfB. Binding of FadR to DNA is specifically inhibited by long chain fatty acyl-CoA compounds of 14-20 carbon atoms in length. (194 aa) |
| | mutSB | Putative DNA mismatch repair enzyme; Endonuclease that is involved in the suppression of homologous recombination and may therefore have a key role in the control of bacterial genetic diversity; Belongs to the DNA mismatch repair MutS family. MutS2 subfamily. (785 aa) |
| | infC | Initiation factor IF-3; IF-3 binds to the 30S ribosomal subunit and shifts the equilibrum between 70S ribosomes and their 50S and 30S subunits in favor of the free subunits, thus enhancing the availability of 30S subunits on which protein synthesis initiation begins. (173 aa) |
| | lytT | Two-component response regulator [LytS]; Member of the two-component regulatory system LytS/LytT that probably regulates genes involved in cell wall metabolism. (241 aa) |
| | nrdR | Negative regulator of transcription of ribonucleotide reductase nrd genes and operons; Negatively regulates transcription of bacterial ribonucleotide reductase nrd genes and operons by binding to NrdR- boxes; Belongs to the NrdR family. (152 aa) |
| | phoR | Two-component sensor histidine kinase; Member of the two-component regulatory system PhoP/PhoR involved in the alkaline phosphatase genes regulation. PhoR may function as a membrane-associated protein kinase that phosphorylates PhoP in response to environmental signals. (579 aa) |
| | phoP | Two-component response regulator; Member of the two-component regulatory system PhoP/PhoR involved in the regulation of alkaline phosphatase genes phoA and phoB and of phosphodiesterase. (240 aa) |
| | ytoI | Conserved hypothetical protein; Evidence 4: Homologs of previously reported genes of unknown function. (439 aa) |
| | ytlI | Transcriptional regulator (LysR family); Positively regulates the expression of ytmI operon in response to the availability of sulfur sources. (308 aa) |
| | refZ | Regulator of FtsZ; Evidence 1a: Function experimentally demonstrated in the studied strain; Product type r: regulator. (207 aa) |
| | ccpB | Transcriptional repressor of carbon supply (LacI family); Transcriptional regulator involved in catabolite repression of several operons. (311 aa) |
| | acuA | Protein acetyltransferase; Part of the acuABC operon, which is possibly involved in the breakdown of acetoin and butanediol. Acts as an acetyltransferase inactivating acetyl-CoA synthetase AcsA via acetylation at a Lys residue. (210 aa) |
| | ccpA | Transcriptional regulator (Lacl family); Global transcriptional regulator of carbon catabolite repression (CCR) and carbon catabolite activation (CCA), which ensures optimal energy usage under diverse conditions. Interacts with either P- Ser-HPr or P-Ser-Crh, leading to the formation of a complex that binds to DNA at the catabolite-response elements (cre). Binding to DNA allows activation or repression of many different genes and operons. (334 aa) |
| | ytzE | Putative transcriptional regulator (DeoR family); Evidence 3: Function proposed based on presence of conserved amino acid motif, structural feature or limited homology; putative regulator. (73 aa) |
| | ytdP | Putative membrane bound transcriptional regulator (AraC/XylS family); Evidence 3: Function proposed based on presence of conserved amino acid motif, structural feature or limited homology; Product type pr: putative regulator. (772 aa) |
| | msmR | Transcriptional regulator (LacI family); Represses the melibiose operon melREDCA in the absence of melibiose or raffinose. Binds to two binding sites at the promoter region of the operon. (344 aa) |
| | bceR | Sensory transduction protein BceR; Member of the two-component regulatory system BceS/BceR involved in the regulation of bacitracin resistance. When activated by BceS, binds to the upstream region of the bceAB promoter and up- regulates the expression of these two genes. (231 aa) |
| | ytrA | Transcriptional regulator (GntR family); Negatively regulates ABC transporter complex ytrBCDEF that plays a role in acetoin utilization during stationary phase and sporulation. (130 aa) |
| | yulB | Putative transcriptional regulator (DeoR family); Evidence 3: Function proposed based on presence of conserved amino acid motif, structural feature or limited homology; putative regulator. (258 aa) |
| | yufL | Two-component sensor histidine kinase [YufM]; Member of a two-component regulatory system MalK/MalR. Involved in the activation of maeA, maeN and yflS in presence of malate. Probably activates MalR by phosphorylation. (533 aa) |
| | yufM | Two-component response regulator [YufL]; Member of a two-component regulatory system MalK/MalR. Activates transcription of maeA, maeN and yflS in presence of malate by binding to their promoter region. (235 aa) |
| | comA | Two-component response regulator; Response regulator in the two-component regulatory system ComP/ComA involved in a major quorum response pathway that regulates the development of genetic competence. Regulates directly the expression of over 20 genes, including genes of the srfA operon, degQ, rapA, rapC, rapE, rapF, etc. Regulates indirectly, through the regulation of comK transcription, the expression of late competence genes. (214 aa) |
| | frlR | FrlR transcriptional regulator (GntR family); Evidence 1a: Function experimentally demonstrated in the studied strain; Product type r: regulator. (242 aa) |
| | yuzN | Putative transcriptional regulator; Evidence 3: Function proposed based on presence of conserved amino acid motif, structural feature or limited homology; Product type pr: putative regulator. (92 aa) |
| | yusO | Putative transcriptional regulator (MarR family); Evidence 3: Function proposed based on presence of conserved amino acid motif, structural feature or limited homology; putative regulator. (155 aa) |
| | yusT | Putative transcriptional regulator (LysR family); Evidence 3: Function proposed based on presence of conserved amino acid motif, structural feature or limited homology; Product type pr: putative regulator; Belongs to the LysR transcriptional regulatory family. (295 aa) |
| | cssR | Two-component response regulator; Member of the two-component regulatory system CssS/CssR required to control the cellular response to secretion stress. (225 aa) |
| | liaR | Two-component response regulator [YvqE] responding to cell wall stress; Member of the two-component regulatory system LiaS/LiaR probably involved in response to a subset of cell wall-active antibiotics that interfere with the lipid II cycle in the cytoplasmic membrane (bacitracin, nisin, ramoplanin and vancomycin). Seems also involved in response to cationic antimicrobial peptides and secretion stress. LiaR regulates the transcription of the liaIHGFSR operon. (211 aa) |
| | yvrH | Two-component response regulator YvrH involved in cell wall processes [YvrG]; Member of the two-component regulatory system YvrG/YvrH that positively regulates 7 transcriptional units (wprA, wapA-yxxG, dltABCDE, sunA, sunT-bdbA-yolJ-bdbB, sigO-rsoA, and sigX-rsiX), and negatively regulates the lytABC operon. (237 aa) |
| | sigO | Alternative sigma factor; Sigma factors are initiation factors that promote the attachment of RNA polymerase to specific initiation sites and are then released. Together with its coactivator RsoA, positively regulates the expression of at least three operons, including oxdC-yvrL, sigO-rsoA and yvrJ. Required for the acid stress-dependent induction of the oxalate decarboxylase oxdC. (176 aa) |
| | csoR | Repressor of copper utilisation proteins; Copper-sensitive repressor that has a key role in copper homeostasis. Negatively regulates expression of the copZA operon and of ycnJ. In the absence of copper ions, binds with high affinity to the copZA promoter and represses the transcription. In the presence of copper ions, CsoR binds Cu(1+), which significantly decreases its DNA binding affinity and leads to the transcription of the genes. (101 aa) |
| | yvaF | Putative transcriptional regulator; Evidence 3: Function proposed based on presence of conserved amino acid motif, structural feature or limited homology; Product type pr: putative regulator. (190 aa) |
| | rghRA | Transcriptional repressor; Represses the expression of yvaM and both rapG and rapH. Binds directly to the promoter regions of yvaM, rapG and rapH. (135 aa) |
| | rghRB | Putative transcriptional repressor; Evidence 3: Function proposed based on presence of conserved amino acid motif, structural feature or limited homology; Product type pr: putative regulator. (139 aa) |
| | yvaP | Putative transcriptional regulator; Evidence 3: Function proposed based on presence of conserved amino acid motif, structural feature or limited homology; Product type pr: putative regulator. (108 aa) |
| | yvaV | Putative transcriptional regulator; Evidence 3: Function proposed based on presence of conserved amino acid motif, structural feature or limited homology; Product type pr: putative regulator; Belongs to the GbsR family. (177 aa) |
| | sdpR | Transcriptional regulator (ArsR family); Represses the transcription of the sdpIR operon and of several other operons that probably contribute to delaying commitment to sporulation. (90 aa) |
| | yvbF | Putative transcriptional regulator; Negatively regulates the transcription of the opuC operon. In the absence of GbsR, is also a negative regulator of the opuB operon. Binds to an inverted repeat in the promoter region of the operons. (185 aa) |
| | araR | Transcriptional repressor of the ara regulon (LacI family); Transcriptional repressor of the arabinose utilization genes. Also regulates its own expression. Binds to two sequences within the promoters of the araABDLMNPQ-abfA operon and the araE gene, and to one sequence in the araR promoter. (362 aa) |
| | yvbU | Putative transcriptional regulator (LysR family); Evidence 3: Function proposed based on presence of conserved amino acid motif, structural feature or limited homology; Product type pr: putative regulator; Belongs to the LysR transcriptional regulatory family. (292 aa) |
| | yvfU | Two-component response regulator [YvfT]; Member of the two-component regulatory system YvfT/YvfU. (200 aa) |
| | ganR | Transcriptional regulator (LacI family); Negatively regulates expression of ganA. (330 aa) |
| | yvfI | Putative transcriptional regulator (GntR family); Negatively regulates the transcription of the lutABC operon, which is required for L-lactate utilization. LutR activity is regulated by lactate, since presence of L-lactate, that probably binds to LutR, leads to derepression of the operon. Also appears to be essential for bacilysin biosynthesis. (219 aa) |
| | sigL | RNA polymerase sigma-54 factor (sigma-L); Sigma factors are initiation factors that promote the attachment of RNA polymerase to specific initiation sites and are then released. This sigma factor is responsible for the expression of the levanase operon. The open complex (sigma-54 and core RNA polymerase) serves as the receptor for receipt of the melting signal from the remotely bound activator protein LevR for the expression of the levanase operon. (436 aa) |
| | slrR | Transcriptional regulator of autolysin genes; Represses sigma(D)-dependent flagellar genes and activate the eps and yqxM operons. Repressor activity is regulated by SlrA. Controls the initiation of biofilm formation. (152 aa) |
| | mdxR | Transcriptional activator of the maltodextrin operon (LacI family); Evidence 1a: Function experimentally demonstrated in the studied strain; Product type pr: putative regulator. (316 aa) |
| | yvcP | Two-component response regulator [YvcQ]; Member of the two-component regulatory system YvcQ/YvcP. (237 aa) |
| | nagR | Transcriptional regulator (GntR family); Main transcriptional repressor of genes involved in N- acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) transport and utilization. Represses the expression of the nagAB and nagP operons by binding directly within their upstream regions. Binds to the DNA consensus sequence 5'-ATTGGTATAGACAACT-3'. Also acts as a weak repressor of mapB expression. (243 aa) |
| | yvnA | Putative transcriptional regulator; Evidence 3: Function proposed based on presence of conserved amino acid motif, structural feature or limited homology; Product type pr: putative regulator. (157 aa) |
| | yvmB | Putative transcriptional regulator; Represses the expression of the yvmC-cypX operon, which is involved in pulcherriminic acid biosynthesis. Also negatively regulates yvmA, yvnB and its own expression. Positively regulates yisI expression. Acts by binding specifically to a 14-bp palindromic motif, the YvmB box, which is present in the promoter region of the target genes. (169 aa) |
| | yvkB | Putative transcriptional regulator (TetR/AcrR family); Evidence 3: Function proposed based on presence of conserved amino acid motif, structural feature or limited homology; Product type pr: putative regulator. (189 aa) |
| | prfB | Peptide chain release factor 2; Peptide chain release factor 2 directs the termination of translation in response to the peptide chain termination codons UGA and UAA. (366 aa) |
| | hpf | Ribosome-associated sigma 54 modulation protein; Required for dimerization of active 70S ribosomes into 100S ribosomes in stationary phase; 100S ribosomes are translationally inactive and sometimes present during exponential growth. May not be the only factor implicated. Might negatively regulate the activity of the sigma-54 factor (SigL). (189 aa) |
| | csrA | Carbon storage regulator; A translational regulator that binds mRNA to regulate translation initiation and/or mRNA stability. Usually binds in the 5'- UTR at or near the Shine-Dalgarno sequence preventing ribosome-binding, thus repressing translation. Represses expression of flagellin (hag) in a post-transcriptional fashion. Specifically binds to 2 sites in the 5'-UTR of hag mRNA in a cooperative fashion; the second site overlaps the Shine-Dalgarno sequence and prevents 30S ribosomal subunit binding. Mutation of either binding site abolishes CsrA regulation of hag expression. Repressio [...] (74 aa) |
| | fliW | Assembly factor of the flagellum; Acts as an anti-CsrA protein, binds CsrA and prevents it from repressing translation of its target genes, one of which is flagellin. Binds to flagellin (hag), which is implicated in polymerization, and participates in the assembly of the flagellum. An antagonist to translational regulator CsrA, it binds CsrA at an allosteric site and non-competitively inhibits CsrA binding to hag RNA. Partner switching by flagellin between FliW and CsrA provides a flagellar assembly checkpoint to tightly control the timing of flagellin synthesis. Flagellin binds to ass [...] (143 aa) |
| | flgM | Anti-sigma factor repressor of sigma(D)-dependent transcription; Allows the coupling of early and late flagellar synthesis through the repression of RNA polymerase sigma-D factor-dependent transcription. (88 aa) |
| | degU | Two-component response regulator; Member of the two-component regulatory system DegS/DegU, which plays an important role in the transition growth phase. Involved in the control of expression of different cellular functions, including production of degradative enzymes such as the neutral and alkaline proteases, flagellum formation, biofilm formation, and competence for DNA uptake. Positively or negatively regulates expression of many different genes. The phosphorylated form is required for synthesis of degradative enzymes, flagellum formation and biofilm formation. The unphosphorylated [...] (229 aa) |
| | yvyE | Putative translation regulator; Evidence 3: Function proposed based on presence of conserved amino acid motif, structural feature or limited homology; Product type pr: putative regulator; Belongs to the IMPACT family. (217 aa) |
| | yvyI | Putative phosphohexomutase; Evidence 3: Function proposed based on presence of conserved amino acid motif, structural feature or limited homology; Product type e: enzyme; Belongs to the mannose-6-phosphate isomerase type 1 family. (316 aa) |
| | rbsR | Transcriptional regulator (LacI family); Transcriptional repressor for the ribose rbsDACBK operon. (326 aa) |
| | alsR | Transcriptional regulator controlling alsSD and ictEP expression (LysR family); Regulates the expression of the alsSD operon for acetoin biosynthesis. (302 aa) |
| | ywqM | Putative transcriptional regulator (LysR family); Evidence 3: Function proposed based on presence of conserved amino acid motif, structural feature or limited homology; Product type pr: putative regulator. (293 aa) |
| | glcR | Transcriptional regulator (DeoR family); Plays a role in carbon catabolite repression (CCR). Specifically required for transcriptional repression of the levanase operon by glucose but not by other sugars. (258 aa) |
| | spoIIID | Transcriptional regulator; This protein regulates the transcription of sigK, which encodes mother cell chamber RNA polymerase sigma-factor (sigma K). (93 aa) |
| | ywoH | Putative transcriptional regulator (MarR family); Evidence 3: Function proposed based on presence of conserved amino acid motif, structural feature or limited homology; Product type pr: putative regulator. (137 aa) |
| | mta | Transcriptional regulator (MerR family); Global transcriptional regulator that activates transcription of bmr and blt by binding directly to their promoter. Stimulates also the expression of the mta gene itself, ydfK and ymfE. (257 aa) |
| | ywnA | Conserved hypothetical protein; Evidence 4: Homologs of previously reported genes of unknown function. (133 aa) |
| | prfA | Peptide chain release factor 1; Peptide chain release factor 1 directs the termination of translation in response to the peptide chain termination codons UAG and UAA. (356 aa) |
| | racA | Chromosome-anchoring protein RacA; Required for the formation of axial filaments and for anchoring the origin regions at the cell poles in sporulating cells, thus ensuring proper chromosome segregation in the prespore. Binds in a dispersed manner throughout the chromosome but preferentially to sites clustered in the origin portion of the chromosome, causing condensation of the chromosome and its remodeling into an elongated, anchored structure; Belongs to the RacA family. (184 aa) |
| | rpoE | RNA polymerase (delta subunit); Participates in both the initiation and recycling phases of transcription. In the presence of the delta subunit, RNAP displays an increased specificity of transcription, a decreased affinity for nucleic acids, and an increased efficiency of RNA synthesis because of enhanced recycling. May function in sigma factor switching. It displaces RNA bound to RNA polymerase in a binary complex; Belongs to the RpoE family. (173 aa) |
| | fnr | Transcriptional regulator (FNR/CAP family); It is involved in the activation of genes necessary for anaerobic respiration. (238 aa) |
| | ywhA | Putative transcriptional regulator (MarR family); Evidence 3: Function proposed based on presence of conserved amino acid motif, structural feature or limited homology; Product type pr: putative regulator. (139 aa) |
| | ywgB | Putative transcriptional regulator; Evidence 3: Function proposed based on presence of conserved amino acid motif, structural feature or limited homology; putative regulator. (156 aa) |
| | cysL | Regulator of sulfur assimilation CysL, activates cysJI expression; Transcriptional activator of the cysJI operon which is involved in sulfur assimilation. Also negatively regulates its own transcription. (299 aa) |
| | sacT | Transcriptional antiterminator; Mediates positive regulation of the sacPA operon by functioning as an antiterminator factor of transcription; Belongs to the transcriptional antiterminator BglG family. (276 aa) |
| | slrA | Anti-repressor of SlrR; Required specifically for induction of eps and yqxM operons by antagonizing SinR. Regulates SlrR activity. Controls the initiation of biofilm formation. (52 aa) |
