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| | disA | Diadenylate cyclase; Participates in a DNA-damage check-point that is active prior to asymmetric division when DNA is damaged. Forms globular foci that rapidly scan along the chromosomes during sporulation, searching for lesions. Its ability to scan through the chromosome rapidly is due to its non-specific DNA- binding. When a lesion is present, DisA pauses at the lesion site. This triggers a cellular response that culminates in a temporary block in sporulation initiation. It is required, at least partially, to inhibit the activity of the transcription factor spo0A, which controls, amo [...] (360 aa) |
| | polYA | DNA-damage lesion bypass DNA polymerase; Poorly processive, error-prone DNA polymerase involved in untargeted mutagenesis. Copies undamaged DNA at stalled replication forks, which arise in vivo from mismatched or misaligned primer ends. These misaligned primers can be extended by PolIV. Exhibits no 3'-5' exonuclease (proofreading) activity. May be involved in translesional synthesis, in conjunction with the beta clamp from PolIII (By similarity). (414 aa) |
| | polYB | Y family DNA polymerase V bypassing lesions during replication; Poorly processive, error-prone DNA polymerase involved in untargeted mutagenesis. Copies undamaged DNA at stalled replication forks, which arise in vivo from mismatched or misaligned primer ends. These misaligned primers can be extended by PolIV. Exhibits no 3'-5' exonuclease (proofreading) activity. May be involved in translesional synthesis, in conjunction with the beta clamp from PolIII (By similarity). (412 aa) |
| | resA | Extracytoplasmic thioredoxin involved in cytochrome c maturation (lipoprotein); Thiol-disulfide oxidoreductase which is required in disulfide reduction during c-type cytochrome synthesis. May accept reducing equivalents from CcdA, leading to breakage of disulfide bonds in apocytochrome c; following this reduction heme can be covalently attached. Does not play a role in sporulation. Belongs to the thioredoxin family. ResA subfamily. (179 aa) |
| | resD | Two-component response regulator; Member of the two-component regulatory system ResD/ResE. Required for the expression of resA, ctaA, qcrABC and fnr; activation role in global regulation of aerobic and anaerobic respiration. (240 aa) |
| | resE | Two-component sensor histidine kinase; Member of the two-component regulatory system ResD/ResE involved in the global regulation of aerobic and anaerobic respiration. Probably phosphorylates ResD. (589 aa) |
| | recQ | ATP-dependent DNA helicase; Probable DNA helicase. Required in synaptic and/or post- synaptic stages of recombination. Probably has overlapping function with RecQ (AC O34748). It probably acts to help generate ss-DNA from ds-DNA breaks. (496 aa) |
| | mecB | Regulator of competence and sporulation; Enables the recognition and targeting of unfolded and aggregated proteins to the ClpC protease or to other proteins involved in proteolysis. Also involved in Spx degradation by ClpC (By similarity). Acts negatively in the development of competence by binding ComK and recruiting it to the ClpCP protease. When overexpressed, inhibits sporulation. (194 aa) |
| | prsW | Protease required for RsiW anti-sigma(W) degradation; Involved in the degradation of anti-sigma-W factor RsiW. Responsible for Site-1 cleavage of the RsiW anti-sigma factor. This results, after two other proteolytic steps catalyzed by the RasP and ClpXP proteases, in the release of SigW and the transcription activation of the genes under the control of the sigma-W factor. Seems to be responsible for sensing antimicrobial peptides that damage the cell membrane and other agents that cause cell envelope stress. Therefore it is a protease governing regulated intramembrane proteolysis and r [...] (218 aa) |
| | nth | Endonuclease III; DNA repair enzyme that has both DNA N-glycosylase activity and AP-lyase activity. The DNA N-glycosylase activity releases various damaged pyrimidines from DNA by cleaving the N-glycosidic bond, leaving an AP (apurinic/apyrimidinic) site. The AP-lyase activity cleaves the phosphodiester bond 3' to the AP site by a beta-elimination, leaving a 3'-terminal unsaturated sugar and a product with a terminal 5'- phosphate; Belongs to the Nth/MutY family. (219 aa) |
| | recU | Holliday junction resolvase; Has at least 2 separable functions; Holliday junction resolution with generation of monomeric chromosomes, and modulation of RecA activity. Endonuclease that resolves Holliday junction intermediates in genetic recombination. Cleaves mobile four-strand junctions by introducing symmetrical nicks in paired strands. Promotes annealing of linear ssDNA with homologous dsDNA. Required for DNA repair, homologous recombination and chromosome segregation. Partially inhibits the hydrolysis of dATP or rATP by RecA. Holliday junction resolution is stimulated by RuvB. (206 aa) |
| | yprA | Putative ATP-dependent helicase; Evidence 3: Function proposed based on presence of conserved amino acid motif, structural feature or limited homology; Product type pe: putative enzyme; Belongs to the helicase family. (749 aa) |
| | kdgR | Kdg operon transcriptional regulator (LacI family); Transcriptional repressor of the kdgRKAT and kduID operons for pectin utilization. (339 aa) |
| | bsaA | Putative bacillithiol peroxidase; Evidence 3: Function proposed based on presence of conserved amino acid motif, structural feature or limited homology; Product type pe: putative enzyme; Belongs to the glutathione peroxidase family. (160 aa) |
| | yplP | Transcriptional enhancer; May play a role in cold adaptation. (331 aa) |
| | msrA | Peptide methionine S-sulfoxide reductase; Has an important function as a repair enzyme for proteins that have been inactivated by oxidation. Catalyzes the reversible oxidation-reduction of methionine sulfoxide in proteins to methionine. May deal with oxidative damage to alpha/beta-type SASP in spores. (177 aa) |
| | uvrX | Lesion bypass phage DNA polymerase; Evidence 2b: Function of strongly homologous gene; enzyme. (416 aa) |
| | blyA | Bacteriophage SPbeta N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanine amidase; Autolysins are involved in some important biological processes such as cell separation, cell-wall turnover, competence for genetic transformation, formation of the flagella and sporulation. Involved in prophage SP-beta-mediated cell lysis. (367 aa) |
| | ligB | Bacteriophage SPbeta DNA ligase; Evidence 1a: Function experimentally demonstrated in the studied strain; Product type h: extrachromosomal origin; Belongs to the ATP-dependent DNA ligase family. (270 aa) |
| | yoqW | Conserved hypothetical protein; Sensor of abasic sites in single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) required to preserve genome integrity by promoting error-free repair of abasic sites. Recognizes and binds abasic sites in ssDNA at replication forks and chemically modifies the lesion by forming a covalent cross- link with DNA (By similarity). May act as a protease: mediates autocatalytic processing of its N-terminal methionine in order to expose the catalytic cysteine (By similarity). (224 aa) |
| | yorK | Putative single-strand DNA-specific exonuclease; Putative single-stranded-DNA-specific exonuclease. (576 aa) |
| | ctpA | Carboxy-terminal processing protease; Evidence 2a: Function of homologous gene experimentally demonstrated in an other organism; enzyme. (466 aa) |
| | yojJ | Putative enzyme with DAC domain; One of 3 paralogous diadenylate cyclases (DAC) in this bacteria, catalyzing the condensation of 2 ATP molecules into cyclic di-AMP (c-di-AMP) (Probable). Upon expression in E.coli leads to c-di- AMP synthesis. Overexpression of the hyperactive mutant (L44F) in the absence of c-di-AMP phosphodiesterase GdpP leads to growth defects in log phase (long curly cell filaments) that disappear upon sporulation; spore formation is normal, showing sporulation is insensitive to the excess c-di-AMP. In B.subtilis c-di-AMP is a second messenger that mediates growth, [...] (207 aa) |
| | sodC | Superoxide dismutase (exported lipoprotein); Evidence 1a: Function experimentally demonstrated in the studied strain; Product type lp: lipoprotein. (196 aa) |
| | sodF | Superoxide dismutase; Destroys superoxide anion radicals which are normally produced within the cells and which are toxic to biological systems. (281 aa) |
| | rtbI | Ribonuclease toxin of toxin-antitoxin systems RttI-RttJ; Probable DNA helicase. Required for DNA repair and intramolecular recombination; probably has overlapping function with RecS (AC P50729). It probably acts to help generate ss-DNA from ds-DNA breaks; Belongs to the helicase family. RecQ subfamily. (591 aa) |
| | desR | Two-component response regulator [DesK]; Member of the two-component regulatory system DesR/DesK, responsible for cold induction of the des gene coding for the Delta5 acyl-lipid desaturase. (199 aa) |
| | desK | Two-component sensor histidine kinase [DesR]; Member of the two-component regulatory system DesR/DesK, responsible for cold induction of the des gene coding for the Delta5 acyl-lipid desaturase. Acts as a sensor of the membrane fluidity. Probably activates DesR by phosphorylation. (370 aa) |
| | yozK | Putative DNA repair protein fragment; Evidence 3: Function proposed based on presence of conserved amino acid motif, structural feature or limited homology; extrachromosomal origin. (115 aa) |
| | yobH | Putative DNA repair protein; Evidence 3: Function proposed based on presence of conserved amino acid motif, structural feature or limited homology; Product type pe: putative enzyme; Belongs to the DNA polymerase type-Y family. (217 aa) |
| | yobE | Putative phage protein; Sensor of abasic sites in single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) required to preserve genome integrity by promoting error-free repair of abasic sites. Recognizes and binds abasic sites in ssDNA at replication forks and chemically modifies the lesion by forming a covalent cross- link with DNA (By similarity). May act as a protease: mediates autocatalytic processing of its N-terminal methionine in order to expose the catalytic cysteine (By similarity). (219 aa) |
| | yoaM | Conserved hypothetical protein; Sensor of abasic sites in single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) required to preserve genome integrity by promoting error-free repair of abasic sites. Recognizes and binds abasic sites in ssDNA at replication forks and chemically modifies the lesion by forming a covalent cross- link with DNA (By similarity). May act as a protease: mediates autocatalytic processing of its N-terminal methionine in order to expose the catalytic cysteine (By similarity). (227 aa) |
| | yoaI | Putative 4-hydroxyphenylacetate-3-hydroxylase; Catalyzes the hydroxylation of 4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid (4HPA), leading to the production of 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DHPA). (483 aa) |
| | yoaH | Putative methyl-accepting chemotaxis protein; Evidence 3: Function proposed based on presence of conserved amino acid motif, structural feature or limited homology; putative factor. (561 aa) |
| | yneN | Putative membrane-bound proteins with a thioredoxin-like domain; Evidence 3: Function proposed based on presence of conserved amino acid motif, structural feature or limited homology; putative enzyme; Belongs to the thioredoxin family. (170 aa) |
| | yneI | Putative response regulator (CheY homolog); Evidence 3: Function proposed based on presence of conserved amino acid motif, structural feature or limited homology; putative regulator. (120 aa) |
| | yneA | Cell division inhibitor; Inhibits cell division during the SOS response. Affects a later stage of the cell division protein assembly, after the assembly of the Z ring, by probably suppressing recruitment of FtsL and/or DivIC to the division machinery (By similarity). (105 aa) |
| | lexA | Transcriptional repressor of the SOS regulon; Represses dinA, dinB, dinC, recA genes and itself by binding to the 14 bp palindromic sequence 5'-CGAACNNNNGTTCG-3'; some genes have a tandem consensus sequence and their binding is cooperative. In the presence of single-stranded DNA, RecA interacts with LexA causing an autocatalytic cleavage which disrupts the DNA-binding part of LexA, leading to derepression of the SOS regulon and eventually DNA repair; autocleavage is maximal at pH 11 in the absence of RecA and ssDNA. (205 aa) |
| | glnA | Glutamine synthetase; Glutamine synthetase (GS) is an unusual multitasking protein that functions as an enzyme, a transcription coregulator, and a chaperone in ammonium assimilation and in the regulation of genes involved in nitrogen metabolism. It catalyzes the ATP-dependent biosynthesis of glutamine from glutamate and ammonia. Feedback-inhibited GlnA interacts with and regulates the activity of the transcriptional regulator TnrA. During nitrogen limitation, TnrA is in its DNA- binding active state and turns on the transcription of genes required for nitrogen assimilation. Under condi [...] (444 aa) |
| | cwlC | N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanine amidase; Autolysins are involved in some important biological processes such as cell separation, cell-wall turnover, competence for genetic transformation, formation of the flagella - in particular of its basal body - and sporulation. CwlC is able to hydrolyze type A cell walls such as B.subtilis. Its main function is to lyze the mother cell wall peptidoglycan, playing a role during sporulation. Belongs to the N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanine amidase 3 family. (255 aa) |
| | mutL | DNA mismatch repair factor; This protein is involved in the repair of mismatches in DNA. It is required for dam-dependent methyl-directed DNA mismatch repair. May act as a 'molecular matchmaker', a protein that promotes the formation of a stable complex between two or more DNA-binding proteins in an ATP-dependent manner without itself being part of a final effector complex (By similarity). Overexpression of mutSL partially suppresses the high spontaneous mutation frequency of a ytkD/mutM/mutY triple disruption which lacks the system required to prevent damage by oxidized guanine (8-oxo [...] (627 aa) |
| | mutS | DNA mismatch repair recognition factor; This protein is involved in the repair of mismatches in DNA. It is possible that it carries out the mismatch recognition step. This protein has a weak ATPase activity (By similarity). Overexpression of mutSL partially suppresses the high spontaneous mutation frequency of a ytkD/mutM/mutY triple disruption which lacks the system required to prevent damage by oxidized guanine (8-oxo-dGTP). This suggests that MutSL also functions to repair mismatches due to oxidative stress in both growing and stationary phase cells. (858 aa) |
| | prkC | Protein kinase; Protein kinase that is responsible for triggering spore germination in response to muropeptides, signaling bacteria to exit dormancy. PrkC is thus a germination receptor that binds peptidoglycan fragments containing m-Dpm (meso-diaminopimelate), which act as spore germinants. Autophosphorylates and phosphorylates EF-G (elongation factor G, fusA); the latter modification is likely necessary for germination in response to peptidoglycan. Another group did not detect phosphorylation of EF-G. PrkC is a substrate in vitro of the cotranscribed phosphatase PrpC, which suggests [...] (648 aa) |
| | recG | Branch migrating ATP-dependent DNA helicase involved in DNA recombination and repair; Critical role in recombination and DNA repair. Helps process Holliday junction intermediates to mature products by catalyzing branch migration. Has a DNA unwinding activity characteristic of a DNA helicase with a 3'- to 5'- polarity. Unwinds branched duplex DNA (Y- DNA) (By similarity); Belongs to the helicase family. RecG subfamily. (682 aa) |
| | rnhB | Ribonuclease HII; Endonuclease that specifically degrades the RNA of RNA-DNA hybrids; Belongs to the RNase HII family. (255 aa) |
| | dprA | DNA processing Smf single strand binding protein; Protein that helps load RecA onto ssDNA during transformation. Binds cooperatively to circular ssDNA, is able to bridge different segments of DNA. Favors the loading of RecA onto SsbA- or SsbB-coated ssDNA and formation of RecA-DNA filaments. RecA-ATP cannot catalyze homologous DNA strand exchange; SsbA and DprA activate strand exchange by RecA-ATP. (297 aa) |
| | cheY | Regulator of chemotaxis and motility; Involved in the transmission of sensory signals from the chemoreceptors to the flagellar motors. Phosphorylated CheY interacts with the flagella switch components FliM and FliY, which causes counterclockwise rotation of the flagella, resulting in smooth swimming. (120 aa) |
| | cheB | Methyl-accepting chemotaxis proteins (MCP)-glutamate methylesterase; Involved in the modulation of the chemotaxis system; catalyzes the demethylation of specific methylglutamate residues introduced into the chemoreceptors (methyl-accepting chemotaxis proteins) by CheR. B.subtilis has an effective methylation-independent adaptation system but must utilize the methylation system for adaptation to high concentrations of attractant; Belongs to the CheB family. (357 aa) |
| | cheA | Chemotactic two-component sensor histidine kinase; Involved in the transmission of sensory signals from the chemoreceptors to the flagellar motors. CheA is autophosphorylated; it can transfer its phosphate group to CheB, CheY or CheV. (672 aa) |
| | cheW | Modulation of CheA activity in response to attractants (chemotaxis); Involved in the transmission of sensory signals from the chemoreceptors to the flagellar motors. CheV and CheW are involved in the coupling of the methyl-accepting chemoreceptors to the central two- component kinase CheA; they are both necessary for efficient chemotaxis. (156 aa) |
| | pnpA | Polynucleotide phosphorylase (PNPase); Involved in mRNA degradation. Catalyzes the phosphorolysis of single-stranded polyribonucleotides processively in the 3'- to 5'- direction. Necessary for competence development in Bacillus subtilis. May be necessary for modification of the srfA transcript (stabilization or translation activation). (705 aa) |
| | recA | Multifunctional SOS repair factor; Multifunctional protein involved in homologous recombination, DNA repair and competence. Can catalyze the hydrolysis of (d)ATP in the presence of single-stranded DNA; prefers dATP at least in vitro, catalyzes the dATP-dependent uptake of single- stranded DNA by duplex DNA, and the dATP-dependent hybridization of homologous single-stranded DNAs (strand exchange). RecA-ATP cannot catalyze homologous DNA strand exchange; SsbA and DprA activate strand exchange by RecA-ATP. It interacts with LexA causing its activation and leading to its autocatalytic clea [...] (348 aa) |
| | katA | Vegetative catalase 1; Decomposes hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen; serves to protect cells from the toxic effects of hydrogen peroxide. (483 aa) |
| | yhcK | Putative diguanylate cyclase or phosphodiesterase; Evidence 3: Function proposed based on presence of conserved amino acid motif, structural feature or limited homology; Product type pe: putative enzyme. (359 aa) |
| | glpP | Glycerol-3-phosphate responding transcription antiterminator; Regulates expression of the glpD operon. In the presence of glycerol 3-phosphate (G3P) causes antitermination of transcription of glpD at the inverted repeat of the leader region to enhance its transcription. Binds and stabilizes glpD leader mRNA. May also regulate expression of the glpFK operon. (192 aa) |
| | yhcY | Two-component sensor histidine kinase [YhcZ]; Member of the two-component regulatory system YhcY/YhcZ. Probably activates YhcZ by phosphorylation. (379 aa) |
| | yhcZ | Two-component response regulator [YhcY]; Member of the two-component regulatory system YhcY/YhcZ. (214 aa) |
| | yhaO | Putative exonuclease; Evidence 3: Function proposed based on presence of conserved amino acid motif, structural feature or limited homology; putative enzyme; Belongs to the metallophosphoesterase superfamily. (408 aa) |
| | ecsA | ABC transporter (ATP-binding protein); Has a role in exoprotein production, sporulation and competence. (247 aa) |
| | ecsB | ABC transporter (membrane protein); Presumed to form part of an ABC-transporter, it may form a transport channel. (408 aa) |
| | yhfS | Putative acetyl-CoA C-acetyltransferase; May be involved in fatty acid metabolism; Belongs to the thiolase-like superfamily. Thiolase family. (364 aa) |
| | hemAT | Haem-based dioxygen sensor; Heme-containing signal transducer responsible for aerotaxis, the migratory response toward or away from oxygen. (432 aa) |
| | comK | Competence transcription factor (CTF); A master regulator required for the expression of late competence genes including comC, comE, comG and the bdbDC operon. Receives signals from SrfA, and possibly other regulatory COM genes, and transduces these signals to the late COM genes. Represses transcription of rok. May repress expression of a few genes. (192 aa) |
| | addB | ATP-dependent deoxyribonuclease (subunit B); The heterodimer acts as both an ATP-dependent DNA helicase and an ATP-dependent single-stranded exonuclease, acting in both directions. Recognizes the B.subtilis chi site (5'-AGCGG-3') which transforms the enzyme from a helicase which degrades both DNA strands to one with only 5' to 3' exonuclease activity. This generates a double-stranded DNA with a protruding 3'-terminated single-stranded tail suitable for the initiation of homologous recombination (chi fragment). The AddB nuclease domain is not required for chi fragment generation; this s [...] (1166 aa) |
| | addA | ATP-dependent deoxyribonuclease (subunit A); An essential component of the DNA double-stranded break repair machinery, the heterodimer acts as both an ATP-dependent DNA helicase and an ATP-dependent, dual-direction single-stranded exonuclease. Recognizes the B.subtilis chi site (5'-AGCGG-3') which transforms the enzyme from a helicase which degrades both DNA strands to one with only 5' -> 3' exonuclease activity. This generates a double-stranded DNA with a protruding 3'-terminated single-stranded tail suitable for the initiation of homologous recombination (chi fragment). The AddA nucl [...] (1232 aa) |
| | sbcD | DNA repair exonuclease; SbcCD cleaves DNA hairpin structures. These structures can inhibit DNA replication and are intermediates in certain DNA recombination reactions. The complex acts as a 3'->5' double strand exonuclease that can open hairpins. It also has a 5' single-strand endonuclease activity (By similarity); Belongs to the SbcD family. (391 aa) |
| | yisS | Putative myo-inositol 2-dehydrogenase; Catalyzes the reversible NAD(+)-dependent oxidation of scyllo-inositol (SI) to 2,4,6/3,5-pentahydroxycyclohexanone (scyllo- inosose or SIS). Is required for SI catabolism that allows B.subtilis to utilize SI as the sole carbon source for growth. Cannot use NADP(+) instead of NAD(+); Belongs to the Gfo/Idh/MocA family. (342 aa) |
| | comZ | Putative late competence gene; Negatively regulates the transcription of the comG operon. (63 aa) |
| | appD | Oligopeptide ABC transporter (ATP-binding protein); This protein is a component of an oligopeptide permease, a binding protein-dependent transport system. This APP system can completely substitute for the OPP system in both sporulation and genetic competence, though, unlike OPP, is incapable of transporting tripeptides. Probably responsible for energy coupling to the transport system; Belongs to the ABC transporter superfamily. (328 aa) |
| | appF | Oligopeptide ABC transporter (ATP-binding protein); This protein is a component of an oligopeptide permease, a binding protein-dependent transport system. This APP system can completely substitute for the OPP system in both sporulation and genetic competence, though, unlike OPP, is incapable of transporting tripeptides. Probably responsible for energy coupling to the transport system; Belongs to the ABC transporter superfamily. (329 aa) |
| | appB | Oligopeptide ABC transporter (oligopeptide-binding lipoprotein); This protein is a component of an oligopeptide permease, a binding protein-dependent transport system. This APP system can completely substitute for the OPP system in both sporulation and genetic competence, though, unlike OPP, is incapable of transporting tripeptides. Probably responsible for the translocation of the substrate across the membrane (By similarity); Belongs to the binding-protein-dependent transport system permease family. OppBC subfamily. (316 aa) |
| | appC | Oligopeptide ABC transporter (permease); This protein is a component of an oligopeptide permease, a binding protein-dependent transport system. This APP system can completely substitute for the OPP system in both sporulation and genetic competence, though, unlike OPP, is incapable of transporting tripeptides. Probably responsible for the translocation of the substrate across the membrane (By similarity); Belongs to the binding-protein-dependent transport system permease family. OppBC subfamily. (303 aa) |
| | oppA | Oligopeptide ABC transporter (binding lipoprotein); This protein is a component of the oligopeptide permease, a binding protein-dependent transport system, It binds peptides up to five amino acids long with high affinity. Also required for sporulation and competence. (545 aa) |
| | oppB | Oligopeptide ABC transporter (permease); Part of the binding-protein-dependent transport system for oligopeptides; probably responsible for the translocation of the substrate across the membrane. Also required for sporulation and competence. (311 aa) |
| | oppC | Oligopeptide ABC transporter (permease); Part of the binding-protein-dependent transport system for oligopeptides; probably responsible for the translocation of the substrate across the membrane. Also required for sporulation and competence. (305 aa) |
| | oppD | Oligopeptide ABC transporter (ATP-binding protein); Part of the binding protein-dependent transport system for oligopeptides. Probably responsible for energy coupling to the transport system. Required for sporulation and competence. (358 aa) |
| | oppF | Oligopeptide ABC transporter (ATP-binding protein); Component of the oligopeptide permease, a binding protein- dependent transport system. Necessary for genetic competence but not sporulation. Probably responsible for energy coupling to the transport system. (305 aa) |
| | mecA | Adaptor protein controlling oligomerization of the AAA+ protein ClpC; Enables the recognition and targeting of unfolded and aggregated proteins to the ClpC protease or to other proteins involved in proteolysis. Acts negatively in the development of competence by binding ComK and recruiting it to the ClpCP protease. When overexpressed, inhibits sporulation. Also involved in Spx degradation by ClpC. (218 aa) |
| | coiA | Protein involved in establishment of DNA transport in competence; Required for optimal transformation. (373 aa) |
| | yjbI | Putative thiol management oxidoreductase component; Hemoglobin-like protein that exhibits a low peroxidase activity. Its very high oxygen affinity may rule out the possibility that it is involved in oxygen transport. (132 aa) |
| | fabI | Enoyl-acyl carrier protein reductase; Catalyzes the reduction of a carbon-carbon double bond in an enoyl moiety that is covalently linked to an acyl carrier protein (ACP). Involved in the elongation cycle of fatty acid which are used in the lipid metabolism. (258 aa) |
| | yjcD | Putative ATP-dependent DNA helicase; May be involved in the generation of recombinogenic substrates for the subsequent action of RecA. (759 aa) |
| | yjmD | Putative oxidoreductase; Evidence 3: Function proposed based on presence of conserved amino acid motif, structural feature or limited homology; Product type pe: putative enzyme. (339 aa) |
| | xlyB | N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanine amidase; Autolysins are involved in some important biological processes such as cell separation, cell-wall turnover, competence for genetic transformation, formation of the flagella and sporulation. (317 aa) |
| | xlyA | Bacteriophage PBSX N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanine amidase; Autolysins are involved in some important biological processes such as cell separation, cell-wall turnover, competence for genetic transformation, formation of the flagella and sporulation. (297 aa) |
| | hmp | Flavohemoglobin; Is involved in NO detoxification in an aerobic process, termed nitric oxide dioxygenase (NOD) reaction that utilizes O(2) and NAD(P)H to convert NO to nitrate, which protects the bacterium from various noxious nitrogen compounds. Therefore, plays a central role in the inducible response to nitrosative stress (By similarity). In the C-terminal section; belongs to the flavoprotein pyridine nucleotide cytochrome reductase family. (399 aa) |
| | ykoG | Two-component response regulator [YkoH]; Probable member of the two-component regulatory system YkoH/YkoG. (228 aa) |
| | ykoH | Two-component sensor histidine kinase [YkoG]; Probable member of the two-component regulatory system YkoH/YkoG. Potentially phosphorylates YkoG. (454 aa) |
| | tnrA | Nitrogen sensing transcriptional regulator; Transcription regulator that actives the transcription of genes required for nitrogen assimilation such as nrgAB (ammonium transport), nasABCDEF (nitrate/nitrite assimilation), ureABC (urea degradation) and gabP (GABA transport), during nitrogen limitation. Also represses glnRA and gltAB in the absence of ammonium. On the contrary of the MerR members, which require longer DNA sites for high-affinity binding, TnrA requires a DNA sequence of 17 nucleotides as minimal binding site. (110 aa) |
| | ykoU | ATP-dependent DNA ligase subunit; With Ku forms a non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) DNA repair enzyme, which repairs dsDNA breaks with reduced fidelity (Probable). Probably involved in DNA repair during spore germination. In the N-terminal section; belongs to the LigD polymerase family. (611 aa) |
| | ykoV | ATP-dependent DNA ligase subunit; With LigD forms a non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) DNA repair enzyme, which repairs dsDNA breaks with reduced fidelity. Binds linear dsDNA with 5'- and 3'- overhangs but not closed circular dsDNA nor ssDNA. Recruits and stimulates the ligase activity of LigD (By similarity). Probably involved in DNA repair during spore germination. Belongs to the prokaryotic Ku family. (311 aa) |
| | kinE | Two-component sensor histidine kinase; Phosphorylates the sporulation-regulatory protein spo0A under biofilm growth conditions. Also able to weakly phosphorylate spo0F. (738 aa) |
| | ogt | O6-alkylguanine DNA alkyltransferase; Involved in the cellular defense against the biological effects of O6-methylguanine (O6-MeG) and O4-methylthymine (O4-MeT) in DNA. Repairs the methylated nucleobase in DNA by stoichiometrically transferring the methyl group to a cysteine residue in the enzyme. This is a suicide reaction: the enzyme is irreversibly inactivated. (165 aa) |
| | kinD | Histidine kinase phosphorylating Spo0A; Phosphorylates the sporulation-regulatory protein spo0F and, to a minor extent, is responsible for heterogeneous expression of spo0A during logarithmical growth. Also phosphorylates spo0A under biofilm growth conditions. (506 aa) |
| | stoA | Thiol-disulfide isomerase; Thiol-disulfide oxidoreductase with a reductive function, involved in spore cortex synthesis. It could be involved either in breaking disulfide bonds in cortex components or in proteins that are important for cortex synthesis, or in thiol/disulfide bond interchange. Belongs to the thioredoxin family. (165 aa) |
| | splB | Spore photoproduct (thymine dimer) lyase; Involved in repair of UV radiation-induced DNA damage during spore germination. Can repair thymine dimer 5-thyminyl-5,6- dihydrothymine (known as spore photoproduct (SP)) by in situ monomerization of SP to two thymines. (342 aa) |
| | mcpC | Methyl-accepting chemotaxis protein; Chemotactic-signal transducers respond to changes in the concentration of attractants and repellents in the environment, transduce a signal from the outside to the inside of the cell, and facilitate sensory adaptation through the variation of the level of methylation. All amino acids serve as attractants in B.subtilis, they appear to cause an increase in the turnover methyl groups, leading to methylation of an unidentified acceptor, while repellents have been shown to cause a decrease in methyl group turnover. The methyl groups are added by a methyl [...] (655 aa) |
| | kinA | Sporulation-specific ATP-dependent protein histidine kinase; Phosphorylates the sporulation-regulatory proteins spo0A and spo0F. It also autophosphorylates in the presence of ATP. (606 aa) |
| | cheV | Coupling protein and response regulator for CheA activity in response to attractants (chemotaxis); Involved in the transmission of sensory signals from the chemoreceptors to the flagellar motors. Chemotaxis involves both a phosphorylation-dependent excitation and a methylation-dependent adaptation. CheV and CheW are involved in the coupling of the methyl- accepting chemoreceptors to the central two-component kinase CheA; they are both necessary for efficient chemotaxis. Moreover, CheA-dependent phosphorylation of CheV is required for adaptation to attractants during B.subtilis chemotaxis. (303 aa) |
| | ykuT | Putative small-conductance mechanosensitive channel; May play a role in resistance to osmotic downshock. Belongs to the MscS (TC 1.A.23) family. (267 aa) |
| | ykuU | Putative 2-cys peroxiredoxin; Thiol-specific peroxidase that catalyzes the reduction of hydrogen peroxide and organic hydroperoxides to water and alcohols, respectively. Plays a role in cell protection against oxidative stress by detoxifying peroxides. (180 aa) |
| | ykuV | Thiol-disulfide isomerase; Participates in various redox reactions through the reversible oxidation of its active center dithiol to a disulfide and catalyzes dithiol-disulfide exchange reactions. (148 aa) |
| | kinC | Two-component sensor histidine kinase; Phosphorylates the sporulation-regulatory protein spo0A. (428 aa) |
| | suhB | Inositol monophosphatase; Evidence 2a: Function of homologous gene experimentally demonstrated in an other organism; Product type e: enzyme; Belongs to the inositol monophosphatase superfamily. (265 aa) |
| | ylbF | Putative regulatory protein; Regulates sporulation prior to stage II. Positively controls the competence regulator ComK at a post-transcriptional level. May modulate the translation, stability or activity of ComS. May work together with YmcA to regulate community development. (149 aa) |
| | recF | DNA repair and genetic recombination factor; The RecF protein is involved in DNA metabolism; it is required for DNA replication and normal SOS inducibility. RecF binds preferentially to single-stranded, linear DNA. It also seems to bind ATP. Is recruited to repair centers, foci that are the site of double- strand DNA break(s) after RecN and RecO; recruitment may depend on RecO. (370 aa) |
| | recR | DNA repair and recombination protein; May play a role in DNA repair. It seems to be involved in an RecBC-independent recombinational process of DNA repair. It may act with RecF and RecO. (198 aa) |
| | mfd | Transcription-repair coupling factor; Couples transcription and DNA repair by recognizing RNA polymerase (RNAP) stalled at DNA lesions. Mediates ATP-dependent release of RNAP and its truncated transcript from the DNA, and recruitment of nucleotide excision repair machinery to the damaged site; In the N-terminal section; belongs to the UvrB family. (1177 aa) |
| | clpC | Class III stress response-related ATPase, AAA+ superfamily; Competence gene repressor; required for cell growth at high temperature. Negative regulator of comK expression. May interact with MecA to negatively regulate comK; Belongs to the ClpA/ClpB family. ClpC subfamily. (810 aa) |
| | radA | DNA repair protein; DNA-dependent ATPase involved in processing of recombination intermediates, plays a role in repairing DNA breaks. Stimulates the branch migration of RecA-mediated strand transfer reactions, allowing the 3' invading strand to extend heteroduplex DNA faster. Binds ssDNA in the presence of ADP but not other nucleotides, has ATPase activity that is stimulated by ssDNA and various branched DNA structures, but inhibited by SSB. Does not have RecA's homology-searching function. (458 aa) |
| | bkdR | Transcriptional regulator; Evidence 1a: Function experimentally demonstrated in the studied strain; Product type r: regulator. (692 aa) |
| | ybbP | Putative enzyme with DAC domain protein; One of 3 paralogous diadenylate cyclases (DAC) in this bacteria, catalyzing the condensation of 2 ATP molecules into cyclic di-AMP (c-di-AMP) (Probable). Upon expression in E.coli leads to c-di- AMP synthesis. Probably the main producer of c-di-AMP for the cell; is probably implicated in control of peptidogylcan synthesis. In B.subtilis c-di-AMP is a second messenger that mediates growth, DNA repair and cell wall homeostasis; it is toxic when present in excess. (273 aa) |
| | alkA | DNA-3-methyladenine glycosylase; Is involved in the adaptive response to alkylation damage in DNA caused by alkylating agents. Catalyzes the hydrolysis of the deoxyribose N-glycosidic bond to excise 3-methyladenine and 7- methylguanine from the damaged DNA polymer formed by alkylation lesions. (303 aa) |
| | adaA | methylphosphotriester-DNA alkyltransferase and transcriptional regulator (AraC/XylS family); Is involved in the adaptive response to alkylation damage in DNA caused by alkylating agents. Repairs the methylphosphotriester lesions in DNA by a direct and irreversible transfer of the methyl group to one of its own cysteine residues. (211 aa) |
| | adaB | O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase; Involved in the cellular defense against the biological effects of O6-methylguanine (O6-MeG) and O4-methylthymine (O4-MeT) in DNA. Repairs the methylated nucleobase in DNA by stoichiometrically transferring the methyl group to a cysteine residue in the enzyme. This is a suicide reaction: the enzyme is irreversibly inactivated. (179 aa) |
| | ybdJ | Two-component response regulator [YbdK]; Member of the two-component regulatory system YbdK/YbdJ. (223 aa) |
| | ybdK | Two-component sensor histidine kinase [YbdJ]; Member of the two-component regulatory system YbdK/YbdJ. Probably activates YbdJ by phosphorylation. (320 aa) |
| | glnJ | Two-component sensor histidine kinase [GlnL] for glutamine degradation; Member of the two-component regulatory system GlnK/GlnL that positively regulates the expression of the glsA-glnT operon in response to glutamine. It seems that autophosphorylated GlnK transfers a phosphoryl group to GlnL, which positively regulates the expression of the glsA-glnT operon. Interaction between GlnK-AmtB complex and TnrA protects TnrA from proteolytic degradation. (410 aa) |
| | glnL | Two-component response regulator [GlnJ] for glutamine utilisation; Member of the two-component regulatory system GlnL/GlnK that positively regulates the expression of the glsA-glnT operon in response to glutamine. GlnL binds the promoter region of glsA-glnT in vitro. (314 aa) |
| | ycbL | Two-component response regulator [YcbM]; Member of the two-component regulatory system YcbM/YcbL. (226 aa) |
| | ycbM | Two-component sensor histidine kinase [YcbL]; Member of the two-component regulatory system YcbM/YcbL. Probably activates YcbL by phosphorylation. (311 aa) |
| | natK | Two-component sensor histidine kinase [NatR]; Member of the two-component regulatory system NatK/NatR that positively regulates the expression of the natAB operon. Potentially phosphorylates NatR. (318 aa) |
| | natR | Two-component response regulator [NatK]; Member of the two-component regulatory system NatK/NatR that positively regulates the expression of the natAB operon. Acts by binding directly to the promoter of natAB. (233 aa) |
| | ycgT | Putative ferredoxin/thioredoxin reductase; Evidence 3: Function proposed based on presence of conserved amino acid motif, structural feature or limited homology; putative enzyme. (336 aa) |
| | nin | Inhibitor of the DNA degrading activity of NucA (competence); Plays a role in the competence of cells to be transformed. It inhibits the activity of the DNA-entry nuclease. (132 aa) |
| | nucA | Endonuclease; By degrading DNA that enters the cell, plays a role in the competence of cells to be transformed. Degrades both double-stranded, linear and covalently closed circular DNA. (147 aa) |
| | tlpC | Methyl-accepting chemotaxis protein; Evidence 2a: Function of homologous gene experimentally demonstrated in an other organism; receptor. (573 aa) |
| | comS | Regulator of genetic competence; Required for the development of competence. (46 aa) |
| | yclJ | Two-component response regulator [YclK]; Could be member of the two-component regulatory system YclK/YclJ. (227 aa) |
| | yclK | Two-component sensor histidine kinase [YclJ]; Could be member of the two-component regulatory system YclK/YclJ. Potentially phosphorylates YclJ. (473 aa) |
| | mutT | Putative NTP pyrophosphohydrolase; May be involved in the GO system responsible for removing an oxidatively damaged form of guanine (7,8-dihydro-8-oxoguanine, 8-oxo- dGTP) from DNA and the nucleotide pool. 8-oxo-dGTP is inserted opposite dA and dC residues of template DNA with almost equal efficiency thus leading to A.T to G.C transversions. MutT specifically degrades 8-oxo- dGTP to the monophosphate (By similarity). Functions, in conjunction with ytkD, to protect vegetatively growing cells from DNA-damaging agents such as H(2)O(2) or t-BHP (t-butylhydroperoxide). The 2 proteins do not [...] (149 aa) |
| | mntH | Manganese transporter; H(+)-stimulated, divalent metal cation uptake system. Involved in manganese uptake. Can probably also transport cadmium, cobalt, copper and zinc, but not iron. May be the predominant transporter of manganese during logarithmic phase growth. (425 aa) |
| | ydbD | Putative manganese-containing catalase; Evidence 3: Function proposed based on presence of conserved amino acid motif, structural feature or limited homology; putative enzyme; Belongs to the manganese catalase family. (273 aa) |
| | dctS | Two-component sensor histidine kinase; Member of the two-component regulatory system DctS/DctR. Probably activates DctR by phosphorylation (By similarity). Essential for expression of dctP. (535 aa) |
| | dctR | Two-component response regulator; Member of the two-component regulatory system DctS/DctR. Essential for expression of dctP. (226 aa) |
| | sigB | RNA polymerase sigma-37 factor (sigma(B)); Sigma factors are initiation factors that promote the attachment of RNA polymerase to specific initiation sites and are then released. Sigma B is not essential for sporulation; rather it is required for maximal expression of ctc and csbA which are transcribed in the early stationary phase under conditions inimical to sporulation. May play a role in the ability of the bacterium to adapt to various stresses but is not essential for its survival under these conditions. Positively regulates expression of its own operon; Belongs to the sigma-70 fac [...] (262 aa) |
| | ydcK | Conserved hypothetical protein; Evidence 4: Homologs of previously reported genes of unknown function; Belongs to the SprT family. (150 aa) |
| | yddK | Conserved hypothetical protein; Evidence 4: Homologs of previously reported genes of unknown function. (266 aa) |
| | ydeB | Putative transcriptional regulator; Evidence 3: Function proposed based on presence of conserved amino acid motif, structural feature or limited homology; Product type pr: putative regulator; Belongs to the CarD family. (153 aa) |
| | ydfG | Conserved hypothetical protein; Evidence 4: Homologs of previously reported genes of unknown function. (147 aa) |
| | ydfH | Two-component sensor histidine kinase [YdfI]; Member of the two-component regulatory system YdfH/YdfI. May activate YdfI by phosphorylation. (407 aa) |
| | ydfI | Two-component response regulator [YdfH]; Member of the two-component regulatory system YdfH/YdfI. Regulates the transcription of ydfJ by binding to its promoter region. (213 aa) |
| | pcrA | ATP-dependent DNA helicase; DNA helicase used for plasmid rolling-circle replication and also involved in UV repair. (739 aa) |
| | ligA | DNA ligase; DNA ligase that catalyzes the formation of phosphodiester linkages between 5'-phosphoryl and 3'-hydroxyl groups in double- stranded DNA using NAD as a coenzyme and as the energy source for the reaction. It is essential for DNA replication and repair of damaged DNA. (668 aa) |
| | yesM | Two-component sensor histidine kinase [YesN]; Member of the two-component regulatory system YesM/YesN. Probably activates YesN by phosphorylation. (577 aa) |
| | yesN | Two-component response regulator [YesM]; Member of the two-component regulatory system YesM/YesN. (368 aa) |
| | yfmS | Putative chemotaxis sensory transducer; Chemotactic-signal transducers respond to changes in the concentration of attractants and repellents in the environment, transduce a signal from the outside to the inside of the cell, and facilitate sensory adaptation through the variation of the level of methylation. Attractants increase the level of methylation while repellents decrease the level of methylation (By similarity). (286 aa) |
| | citS | Two-component sensor histidine kinase; Member of the two-component regulatory system CitT/CitS. Regulates the expression of the citM-yflN operon. Functions probably as a membrane-associated protein kinase that phosphorylates CitT in response to environmental citrate or Mg(2+)-citrate complex. (542 aa) |
| | citT | Two-component response regulator; Member of the two-component regulatory system CitT/CitS. Regulates the expression of the citM-yflN operon. Phosphorylated CitT binds to the citM promoter to activate the transcription of the citM- yflN operon. (226 aa) |
| | yfkC | Putative mechanosensitive ion channel; May play a role in resistance to osmotic downshock. Belongs to the MscS (TC 1.A.23) family. (280 aa) |
| | priA | Primosomal replication factor Y (primosomal protein N'); Involved in the restart of stalled replication forks. Recognizes and binds the arrested nascent DNA chain at stalled replication forks. It can open the DNA duplex, via its helicase activity, and promote assembly of the primosome and loading of the major replicative helicase DnaB onto DNA; Belongs to the helicase family. PriA subfamily. (805 aa) |
| | yfjP | Putative DNA-modified purine glycosidase; Hydrolysis of the deoxyribose N-glycosidic bond to excise 3- methyladenine, 3-methylguanine, 7-methylguanine, O2-methylthymine, and O2-methylcytosine from the damaged DNA polymer formed by alkylation lesions; Belongs to the alkylbase DNA glycosidase AlkA family. (287 aa) |
| | acoR | Transcriptional regulator; Acts as a transcriptional activator of the acoABCL operon encoding the acetoin dehydrogenase complex. (605 aa) |
| | yfiJ | Two-component sensor histidine kinase [YfiK]; Required for resistance to linearmycins, a family of antibiotic-specialized metabolites produced by some streptomycetes. Member of the two-component regulatory system LnrJ/LnrK, which induces expression of the LnrLMN ABC transporter in response to linearmycins and other polyenes. Acts as a specific sensor for linearmycin, either directly through binding or indirectly through membrane perturbation. Probably activates LnrK by phosphorylation. May also promote biofilm formation. (400 aa) |
| | yfiK | Two-component response regulator [YfiJ]; Required for resistance to linearmycins, a family of antibiotic-specialized metabolites produced by some streptomycetes. Member of the two-component regulatory system LnrJ/LnrK, which induces expression of the LnrLMN ABC transporter in response to linearmycins and other polyenes. Probably binds to the promoter region of the lnrLMN operon and directly regulates its expression (Probable). May also promote biofilm formation. (220 aa) |
| | mutY | A/G-specific adenine glycosylase or DNA-(apurinic or apyrimidinic site) lyase; Base excision repair (BER) glycosylase that initiates repair of A:oxoG to C:G by removing the inappropriately paired adenine base from the DNA backbone, generating an abasic site product. 8-oxoguanine (oxoG) is a genotoxic DNA lesion resulting from oxidation of guanine; this residue is misread by replicative DNA polymerases, that insert adenine instead of cytosine opposite the oxidized damaged base. Shows a powerful dicrimination of A versus C, since it does not cleave cytosine in oxoG:C pairs. May also be a [...] (369 aa) |
| | ygaF | Putative bacterioferritin comigratory protein; Thiol-specific peroxidase that catalyzes the reduction of hydrogen peroxide and organic hydroperoxides to water and alcohols, respectively. Plays a role in cell protection against oxidative stress by detoxifying peroxides and as sensor of hydrogen peroxide-mediated signaling events; Belongs to the peroxiredoxin family. BCP/PrxQ subfamily. (157 aa) |
| | ssbA | Single-strand DNA-binding protein; Plays an important role in DNA replication, recombination and repair. Binds to ssDNA and to an array of partner proteins to recruit them to their sites of action during DNA metabolism. Has a 20-fold higher affinity for ssDNA than SsbB; SsbA and DprA activate the homologuos DNA strand exchange function of RecA-ATP. (172 aa) |
| | exoA | Apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease; Evidence 1a: Function experimentally demonstrated in the studied strain; Product type e: enzyme. (252 aa) |
| | walR | Two-component response regulator [YycF]; Member of the two-component regulatory system WalK/WalR involved in the regulation of the ftsAZ operon, the yocH, ykvT, cwlO, lytE, ydjM, yjeA, yoeB genes and the tagAB and tagDEF operons. Binds to the ftsAZ P1 promoter sequence in vitro. WalR has been shown to directly bind to the regulatory regions of yocH, ykvT, tagAB/tagDEF. Activates cwlO, lytE and ydjM and represses yoeB and yjeA. (235 aa) |
| | walK | Two-component sensor histidine kinase [YycG]; Member of the two-component regulatory system WalK/WalR involved in the regulation of the ftsAZ operon, the yocH and ykvT, cwlO, lytE, ydjM, yjeA, yoeB genes and the tagAB and tagDEF operons. Phosphorylates WalR. (611 aa) |
| | rocR | Transcriptional regulator (NtrC/NifA family); Positive regulator of arginine catabolism. Controls the transcription of the two operons rocABC and rocDEF and probably acts by binding to the corresponding upstream activating sequences. (461 aa) |
| | yydB | Putative phosphohydrolase; Evidence 3: Function proposed based on presence of conserved amino acid motif, structural feature or limited homology; Product type pe: putative enzyme; Belongs to the metallophosphoesterase superfamily. (481 aa) |
| | ahpF | Alkyl hydroperoxide reductase (large subunit); Transfer of electrons from NADH to the respiratory chain. The immediate electron acceptor for the enzyme is believed to be ubiquinone (By similarity). (509 aa) |
| | ahpC | Alkyl hydroperoxide reductase (small subunit); Thiol-specific peroxidase that catalyzes the reduction of hydrogen peroxide and organic hydroperoxides to water and alcohols, respectively. Plays a role in cell protection against oxidative stress by detoxifying peroxides; Belongs to the peroxiredoxin family. AhpC/Prx1 subfamily. (187 aa) |
| | htpG | Class III heat-shock protein (molecular chaperone); Molecular chaperone. Has ATPase activity. (626 aa) |
| | yxdJ | Two-component response regulator [YxdK]; Probable member of the two-component regulatory system YxdK/YxdJ. Positively regulates the expression of the yxdLMyxeA operon by direct interaction with its promoter region. Could also indirectly regulate the expression of the dlt operon. (229 aa) |
| | yxdK | Two-component sensor histidine kinase [YxdJ]; Probable member of the two-component regulatory system YxdK/YxdJ. May activate YxdJ in response to the antibacterial protein LL-37. (325 aa) |
| | katE | Catalase 2; Decomposes hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen; serves to protect cells from the toxic effects of hydrogen peroxide. Involved in sporulation. (686 aa) |
| | yxjL | Two-component response regulator [YxjM]; Probable member of the two-component regulatory system YxjM/YxjL. (218 aa) |
| | yxjM | Two-component sensor histidine kinase [YxjL]; Probable member of the two-component regulatory system YxjM/YxjL. May activate YxjL by phosphorylation. (406 aa) |
| | katX | Major catalase in spores; Decomposes hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen; serves to protect cells from the toxic effects of hydrogen peroxide; Belongs to the catalase family. (547 aa) |
| | aag | 3-alkylated purines and hypoxanthine DNA glycosidase; Evidence 2a: Function of homologous gene experimentally demonstrated in an other organism; Product type e: enzyme; Belongs to the DNA glycosylase MPG family. (196 aa) |
| | efeN | Peroxidase converting ferric iron into ferrous iron; Involved in the recovery of exogenous heme iron. Extracts iron from heme while preserving the tetrapyrrol ring intact (By similarity). (416 aa) |
| | ung | uracil-DNA glycosylase; Excises uracil residues from the DNA which can arise as a result of misincorporation of dUMP residues by DNA polymerase or due to deamination of cytosine; Belongs to the uracil-DNA glycosylase (UDG) superfamily. UNG family. (225 aa) |
| | hemQ | Essential component of heme biosynthesis; May function as heme-dependent peroxidase. (254 aa) |
| | ywjD | Putative UV damage repair endonuclease; Component in a DNA repair pathway. Removal of UV LIGHT damaged nucleotides. Recognizes pyrimidine dimers and cleave a phosphodiester bond immediately 5' to the lesion (By similarity). (320 aa) |
| | spo0F | Two-component response regulator; Key element in the phosphorelay regulating sporulation initiation. Phosphorylation of spo0B during sporulation initiation. (124 aa) |
| | ywpD | Putative two-component sensor histidine kinase; Evidence 3: Function proposed based on presence of conserved amino acid motif, structural feature or limited homology; putative receptor. (278 aa) |
| | ssbB | Single-strand DNA-binding protein; Not essential for replication of the chromosome, but is required for optimal competence. Binds ssDNA, binding is facilitated by DprA, acts as an accessory factor for homologous DNA strand exchange. (113 aa) |
| | ywqL | Putative deoxyribonuclease V; DNA repair enzyme involved in the repair of deaminated bases. Selectively cleaves double-stranded DNA at the second phosphodiester bond 3' to a deoxyinosine leaving behind the intact lesion on the nicked DNA. (238 aa) |
| | degS | Two-component sensor histidine kinase; Member of the two-component regulatory system DegS/DegU, which plays an important role in the transition growth phase. Involved in the control of expression of different cellular functions, including production of degradative enzymes such as the neutral and alkaline proteases, flagellum formation and biofilm formation. Acts as both a protein kinase that undergoes autophosphorylation and subsequently transfers the phosphate to DegU, and a protein phosphatase that dephosphorylates phospho-DegU. (385 aa) |
| | degU | Two-component response regulator; Member of the two-component regulatory system DegS/DegU, which plays an important role in the transition growth phase. Involved in the control of expression of different cellular functions, including production of degradative enzymes such as the neutral and alkaline proteases, flagellum formation, biofilm formation, and competence for DNA uptake. Positively or negatively regulates expression of many different genes. The phosphorylated form is required for synthesis of degradative enzymes, flagellum formation and biofilm formation. The unphosphorylated [...] (229 aa) |
| | comFA | Helicase competence protein; Involved in transformation (competence for DNA uptake). Required for DNA uptake but not for binding. May provide the driving force for transport of DNA through an aqueous channel. Belongs to the helicase family. (463 aa) |
| | comFB | Conserved hypothetical protein; Evidence 1a: Function experimentally demonstrated in the studied strain; PubMedId: 16009133, 8045879, 8412657. (98 aa) |
| | comFC | Putative component of the DNA transport apparatus; Involved in transformation (competence for DNA uptake). (229 aa) |
| | ctpB | Swarming motility protein; Involved in the signal transduction pathway leading to the proteolytic activation of the mother cell transcription factor pro- sigma-K during sporulation. The signaling serine protease CtpB triggers pro-sigma-K processing by cleaving the pre-processed regulatory protein SpoIVFA and is necessary for the proper timing of sigma-K activation. Belongs to the peptidase S41A family. (480 aa) |
| | uvrB | Excinuclease ABC (subunit B); The UvrABC repair system catalyzes the recognition and processing of DNA lesions. A damage recognition complex composed of 2 UvrA and 2 UvrB subunits scans DNA for abnormalities. Upon binding of the UvrA(2)B(2) complex to a putative damaged site, the DNA wraps around one UvrB monomer. DNA wrap is dependent on ATP binding by UvrB and probably causes local melting of the DNA helix, facilitating insertion of UvrB beta-hairpin between the DNA strands. Then UvrB probes one DNA strand for the presence of a lesion. If a lesion is found the UvrA subunits dissociat [...] (661 aa) |
| | uvrA | Excinuclease ABC (subunit A); The UvrABC repair system catalyzes the recognition and processing of DNA lesions. UvrA is an ATPase and a DNA-binding protein. A damage recognition complex composed of 2 UvrA and 2 UvrB subunits scans DNA for abnormalities. When the presence of a lesion has been verified by UvrB, the UvrA molecules dissociate. (957 aa) |
| | hprK | Serine/threonine protein kinase/phosphorylase; Catalyzes the ATP- as well as the pyrophosphate-dependent phosphorylation of 'Ser-45' in HPr, a phosphocarrier protein of the phosphoenolpyruvate-dependent sugar phosphotransferase system (PTS). HprK/P also catalyzes the pyrophosphate-producing, inorganic phosphate- dependent dephosphorylation (phosphorolysis) of seryl-phosphorylated HPr (P-Ser-HPr). The two antagonistic activities of HprK/P are regulated by several intracellular metabolites, which change their concentration in response to the absence or presence of rapidly metabolisable c [...] (310 aa) |
| | ppaX | P-Ser-HPr phosphatase; Hydrolyzes pyrophosphate formed during P-Ser-HPr dephosphorylation by HPrK/P. Might play a role in controlling the intracellular pyrophosphate pool; Belongs to the HAD-like hydrolase superfamily. PpaX family. (216 aa) |
| | trxB | Thioredoxin reductase; Evidence 1a: Function experimentally demonstrated in the studied strain; Product type e: enzyme; Belongs to the class-II pyridine nucleotide-disulfide oxidoreductase family. (316 aa) |
| | yvcP | Two-component response regulator [YvcQ]; Member of the two-component regulatory system YvcQ/YvcP. (237 aa) |
| | yvcQ | Two-component sensor histidine kinase [YvcP]; Member of the two-component regulatory system YvcQ/YvcP. Probably activates YvcP by phosphorylation. (356 aa) |
| | yvfT | Two-component sensor histidine kinase [YvfU]; Member of the two-component regulatory system YvfT/YvfU. Probably activates YvfU by phosphorylation. (371 aa) |
| | yvfU | Two-component response regulator [YvfT]; Member of the two-component regulatory system YvfT/YvfU. (200 aa) |
| | yvaQ | Putative methyl-accepting transducer; Chemotactic-signal transducers respond to changes in the concentration of attractants and repellents in the environment, transduce a signal from the outside to the inside of the cell, and facilitate sensory adaptation through the variation of the level of methylation. Attractants increase the level of methylation while repellents decrease the level of methylation (By similarity). (566 aa) |
| | bdbD | Thiol-disulfide oxidoreductase; Required for the stabilization, possibly via formation of a disulfide bond, of the obligatory competence protein ComGC. May be required for the stability of secreted proteins with disulfide bonds. Not required for sporulation. (222 aa) |
| | bdbC | Thiol-disulfide oxidoreductase; Required for the stabilization, possibly via formation of a disulfide bond, of the obligatory competence protein ComGC. Not normally required for production of the secreted lantibiotic sublancin 168, although it can partially substitute for BdbB when the latter is absent. It may also be required for the stability of other secreted proteins. Not required for sporulation; Belongs to the DsbB family. BdbC subfamily. (138 aa) |
| | helD | DNA 3'-5' helicase IV; Catalyzes the unwinding of duplex DNA in the 3' to 5' direction; this reaction is dependent on the hydrolysis of ATP. (774 aa) |
| | yvrH | Two-component response regulator YvrH involved in cell wall processes [YvrG]; Member of the two-component regulatory system YvrG/YvrH that positively regulates 7 transcriptional units (wprA, wapA-yxxG, dltABCDE, sunA, sunT-bdbA-yolJ-bdbB, sigO-rsoA, and sigX-rsiX), and negatively regulates the lytABC operon. (237 aa) |
| | yvrG | Two-component sensor histidine kinase YvrG innvolved in cell wall processes [YvrH]; Member of the two-component regulatory system YvrG/YvrH that positively regulates 7 transcriptional units (wprA, wapA-yxxG, dltABCDE, sunA, sunT-bdbA-yolJ-bdbB, sigO-rsoA, and sigX-rsiX), and negatively regulates the lytABC operon. Probably activates YvrH by phosphorylation. (580 aa) |
| | liaS | Two-component sensor histidine kinase [YvqC] sensing cell wall stress; Member of the two-component regulatory system LiaS/LiaR probably involved in response to a subset of cell wall-active antibiotics that interfere with the lipid II cycle in the cytoplasmic membrane (bacitracin, nisin, ramoplanin and vancomycin). Seems also involved in response to cationic antimicrobial peptides and secretion stress. Activates probably LiaR by phosphorylation. (360 aa) |
| | liaR | Two-component response regulator [YvqE] responding to cell wall stress; Member of the two-component regulatory system LiaS/LiaR probably involved in response to a subset of cell wall-active antibiotics that interfere with the lipid II cycle in the cytoplasmic membrane (bacitracin, nisin, ramoplanin and vancomycin). Seems also involved in response to cationic antimicrobial peptides and secretion stress. LiaR regulates the transcription of the liaIHGFSR operon. (211 aa) |
| | cssS | Two-component sensor histidine kinase; Member of the two-component regulatory system CssS/CssR required to control the cellular response to secretion stress. Required for the transcription of htrA. Could detect misfolded proteins at the membrane-cell wall interface and then activate CssR by phosphorylation. (451 aa) |
| | cssR | Two-component response regulator; Member of the two-component regulatory system CssS/CssR required to control the cellular response to secretion stress. (225 aa) |
| | fadA | acetyl-CoA C-acyltransferase; Involved in the degradation of long-chain fatty acids; Belongs to the thiolase-like superfamily. Thiolase family. (391 aa) |
| | yurZ | Conserved hypothetical protein; Evidence 4: Homologs of previously reported genes of unknown function. (125 aa) |
| | yurQ | Putative excinuclease; Evidence 3: Function proposed based on presence of conserved amino acid motif, structural feature or limited homology; Product type pe: putative enzyme. (124 aa) |
| | yumC | ferredoxin-NADP+ reductase; Evidence 1a: Function experimentally demonstrated in the studied strain; Product type e: enzyme; Belongs to the ferredoxin--NADP reductase type 2 family. (332 aa) |
| | dhbA | 2,3-dihydro-2,3-dihydroxybenzoate dehydrogenase; Evidence 2a: Function of homologous gene experimentally demonstrated in an other organism; Product type e: enzyme; Belongs to the short-chain dehydrogenases/reductases (SDR) family. (261 aa) |
| | comQ | Isoprenyl transferase (pre-ComX modification); Involved in the maturation of ComX, part of a major quorum- sensing system that regulates the development of genetic competence. (299 aa) |
| | comX | Competence pheromone precursor (pheromone peptide aa 46->55, geranyl-modified); Part of a major quorum-sensing system that regulates the development of genetic competence. Acts through the activation of the two-component regulatory system ComP/ComA composed of a sensor histidine kinase, ComP, and a response regulator, ComA, that regulates directly the transcription of over 20 genes. Transport through the membrane may involve Spo0K. Under certain conditions plays a role in sporulation. (55 aa) |
| | comP | Two-component sensor histidine kinase; Sensor in the two-component regulatory system ComP/ComA involved in a major quorum response pathway that regulates the development of genetic competence. Plays a role in sporulation, at least partly interchangeable with that of SpoIIJ. Probably activates ComA by phosphorylation. (769 aa) |
| | comA | Two-component response regulator; Response regulator in the two-component regulatory system ComP/ComA involved in a major quorum response pathway that regulates the development of genetic competence. Regulates directly the expression of over 20 genes, including genes of the srfA operon, degQ, rapA, rapC, rapE, rapF, etc. Regulates indirectly, through the regulation of comK transcription, the expression of late competence genes. (214 aa) |
| | yufM | Two-component response regulator [YufL]; Member of a two-component regulatory system MalK/MalR. Activates transcription of maeA, maeN and yflS in presence of malate by binding to their promoter region. (235 aa) |
| | yufL | Two-component sensor histidine kinase [YufM]; Member of a two-component regulatory system MalK/MalR. Involved in the activation of maeA, maeN and yflS in presence of malate. Probably activates MalR by phosphorylation. (533 aa) |
| | kinB | Two-component sensor histidine kinase; Phosphorylates the sporulation-regulatory proteins spo0A and spo0F. Spo0F is required for the KinB activity. (428 aa) |
| | mcpB | Methyl-accepting chemotaxis protein; Chemotactic-signal transducers respond to changes in the concentration of attractants and repellents in the environment, transduce a signal from the outside to the inside of the cell, and facilitate sensory adaptation through the variation of the level of methylation. All amino acids serve as attractants in B.subtilis, they appear to cause an increase in the turnover methyl groups, leading to methylation of an unidentified acceptor, while repellents have been shown to cause a decrease in methyl group turnover. The methyl groups are added by a methyl [...] (662 aa) |
| | tlpA | Methyl-accepting chemotaxis protein; Chemotactic-signal transducers respond to changes in the concentration of attractants and repellents in the environment, transduce a signal from the outside to the inside of the cell, and facilitate sensory adaptation through the variation of the level of methylation. All amino acids serve as attractants in B.subtilis, they appear to cause an increase in the turnover methyl groups, leading to methylation of an unidentified acceptor, while repellents have been shown to cause a decrease in methyl group turnover. The methyl groups are added by a methyl [...] (662 aa) |
| | mcpA | Methyl-accepting chemotaxis protein; Chemotactic-signal transducers respond to changes in the concentration of attractants and repellents in the environment, transduce a signal from the outside to the inside of the cell, and facilitate sensory adaptation through the variation of the level of methylation. All amino acids serve as attractants in B.subtilis, they appear to cause an increase in the turnover methyl groups, leading to methylation of an unidentified acceptor, while repellents have been shown to cause a decrease in methyl group turnover. The methyl groups are added by a methyl [...] (661 aa) |
| | tlpB | Methyl-accepting chemotaxis protein; Chemotactic-signal transducers respond to changes in the concentration of attractants and repellents in the environment, transduce a signal from the outside to the inside of the cell, and facilitate sensory adaptation through the variation of the level of methylation. All amino acids serve as attractants in B.subtilis, they appear to cause an increase in the turnover methyl groups, leading to methylation of an unidentified acceptor, while repellents have been shown to cause a decrease in methyl group turnover. The methyl groups are added by a methyl [...] (662 aa) |
| | yubF | Conserved hypothetical protein; Evidence 4: Homologs of previously reported genes of unknown function. (87 aa) |
| | bceR | Sensory transduction protein BceR; Member of the two-component regulatory system BceS/BceR involved in the regulation of bacitracin resistance. When activated by BceS, binds to the upstream region of the bceAB promoter and up- regulates the expression of these two genes. (231 aa) |
| | bceS | Sensor protein BceS; Member of the two-component regulatory system BceS/BceR involved in the regulation of bacitracin resistance. Activates BceR in response to extracellular bacitracin. (334 aa) |
| | acuA | Protein acetyltransferase; Part of the acuABC operon, which is possibly involved in the breakdown of acetoin and butanediol. Acts as an acetyltransferase inactivating acetyl-CoA synthetase AcsA via acetylation at a Lys residue. (210 aa) |
| | tpx | Putative peroxiredoxin; Thiol-specific peroxidase that catalyzes the reduction of hydrogen peroxide and organic hydroperoxides to water and alcohols, respectively. Plays a role in cell protection against oxidative stress by detoxifying peroxides. (167 aa) |
| | phoP | Two-component response regulator; Member of the two-component regulatory system PhoP/PhoR involved in the regulation of alkaline phosphatase genes phoA and phoB and of phosphodiesterase. (240 aa) |
| | phoR | Two-component sensor histidine kinase; Member of the two-component regulatory system PhoP/PhoR involved in the alkaline phosphatase genes regulation. PhoR may function as a membrane-associated protein kinase that phosphorylates PhoP in response to environmental signals. (579 aa) |
| | polA | DNA polymerase I; In addition to polymerase activity, this DNA polymerase exhibits 3'-5' and 5'-3' exonuclease activity. (880 aa) |
| | mutM | formamidopyrimidine-DNA glycosidase; Involved in the GO system responsible for removing an oxidatively damaged form of guanine (7,8-dihydro-8-oxoguanine, 8-oxo- dGTP) from DNA and the nucleotide pool. 8-oxo-dGTP is inserted opposite dA and dC residues of template DNA with almost equal efficiency thus leading to A.T to G.C transversions (By similarity). Involved in base excision repair of DNA damaged by oxidation or by mutagenic agents. Acts as DNA glycosylase that recognizes and removes damaged bases. Has a preference for oxidized purines, such as 8-oxo-dGTP. Has AP (apurinic/apyrimidi [...] (276 aa) |
| | lytS | Two-component sensor histidine kinase [LytT]; Member of the two-component regulatory system LytS/LytT that probably regulates genes involved in cell wall metabolism. (593 aa) |
| | lytT | Two-component response regulator [LytS]; Member of the two-component regulatory system LytS/LytT that probably regulates genes involved in cell wall metabolism. (241 aa) |
| | cstA | Carbon starvation-induced membrane protein; Involved in peptide utilization. Belongs to the peptide transporter carbon starvation (CstA) (TC 2.A.114) family. (598 aa) |
| | rnhC | Ribonuclease HIII; Endonuclease that specifically degrades the RNA of RNA-DNA hybrids; Belongs to the RNase HII family. RnhC subfamily. (313 aa) |
| | polX | DNA polymerase/3'-5' exonuclease X; Strictly DNA-template-directed DNA polymerase, preferentially acting on DNA structures containing gaps from one to a few nucleotides and bearing a phosphate group at the 5' end of the downstream DNA. The fact that PolX is able to conduct filling of a single-nucleotide gap, allowing further sealing of the resulting nick by a DNA ligase, points to a putative role in base excision repair (BER) during the B.subtilis life cycle. Moreover, also possesses a 3'-5' exonuclease activity able to edit unpaired 3'-termini in a gapped DNA substrate and likely invo [...] (570 aa) |
| | mutSB | Putative DNA mismatch repair enzyme; Endonuclease that is involved in the suppression of homologous recombination and may therefore have a key role in the control of bacterial genetic diversity; Belongs to the DNA mismatch repair MutS family. MutS2 subfamily. (785 aa) |
| | uvrC | Excinuclease ABC (subunit C); The UvrABC repair system catalyzes the recognition and processing of DNA lesions. UvrC both incises the 5' and 3' sides of the lesion. The N-terminal half is responsible for the 3' incision and the C-terminal half is responsible for the 5' incision. (590 aa) |
| | lonA | Class III heat-shock ATP-dependent LonA protease; ATP-dependent serine protease that mediates the selective degradation of mutant and abnormal proteins as well as certain short- lived regulatory proteins. Required for cellular homeostasis and for survival from DNA damage and developmental changes induced by stress. Degrades polypeptides processively to yield small peptide fragments that are 5 to 10 amino acids long. Binds to DNA in a double-stranded, site-specific manner (By similarity). Has been implicated in preventing sigma(G) activity under non-sporulation conditions. (774 aa) |
| | comC | Membrane protease and transmethylase; Cleaves type-4 fimbrial leader sequence and methylates the N- terminal (generally Phe) residue; Belongs to the peptidase A24 family. (248 aa) |
| | spo0B | Sporulation initiation phosphotransferase; Key element in the phosphorelay regulating sporulation initiation. Acts on spo0A. Mediates reversible phosphoryl transfer from spo0F to spo0A. (192 aa) |
| | ruvA | Holliday junction DNA helicase; The RuvA-RuvB complex in the presence of ATP renatures cruciform structure in supercoiled DNA with palindromic sequence, indicating that it may promote strand exchange reactions in homologous recombination. RuvAB is a helicase that mediates the Holliday junction migration by localized denaturation and reannealing. RuvA stimulates, in the presence of DNA, the weak ATPase activity of RuvB. (201 aa) |
| | ruvB | Holliday junction DNA helicase, ATP-dependent component; The RuvA-RuvB complex in the presence of ATP renatures cruciform structure in supercoiled DNA with palindromic sequence, indicating that it may promote strand exchange reactions in homologous recombination. RuvAB is a helicase that mediates the Holliday junction migration by localized denaturation and reannealing (By similarity). Stimulates the resolution of Holliday junctions by RecU. (334 aa) |
| | comN | Post-transcriptional regulator; Required for post-transcription initiation control of the comE operon. Promotes the accumulation of its target comE mRNA to septal and polar sites. (98 aa) |
| | recJ | Putative single-strand DNA-specific exonuclease; Putative single-stranded-DNA-specific exonuclease (By similarity). RecA thread formation during DNA double-strand break repair requires RecJ or AadAB; Belongs to the RecJ family. (786 aa) |
| | rarA | DNA-dependent ATPase; Evidence 2a: Function of homologous gene experimentally demonstrated in an other organism; Product type e: enzyme; Belongs to the AAA ATPase family. RarA/MGS1/WRNIP1 subfamily. (421 aa) |
| | aadK | Aminoglycoside 6-adenylyltransferase; Evidence 1a: Function experimentally demonstrated in the studied strain; Product type e: enzyme; To E.faecalis AadE. (284 aa) |
| | yrkP | Two-component response regulator [YrkQ]; Member of the two-component regulatory system YrkQ/YrkP. (231 aa) |
| | yrkQ | Two-component sensor histidine kinase [YrkP]; Member of the two-component regulatory system YrkQ/YrkP. Probably activates YrkP by phosphorylation. (432 aa) |
| | psiE | Phosphate starvation inducible protein; Evidence 2a: Function of homologous gene experimentally demonstrated in an other organism; membrane component. (138 aa) |
| | yqaN | Putative Holliday junction resolvase; Evidence 3: Function proposed based on presence of conserved amino acid motif, structural feature or limited homology; Product type pe: putative enzyme. (142 aa) |
| | cwlA | N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanine amidase; Autolysins are involved in some important biological processes such as cell separation, cell-wall turnover, competence for genetic transformation, formation of the flagella and sporulation; Belongs to the N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanine amidase 2 family. (272 aa) |
| | cwlH | N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanine amidase; Autolysins are involved in some important biological processes such as cell separation, cell-wall turnover, competence for genetic transformation, formation of the flagella and sporulation. Could play a role in mother cell lysis with CwlC; Belongs to the N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanine amidase 2 family. (250 aa) |
| | comEA | Membrane bound high-affinity DNA-binding receptor; Needed for both DNA binding and transport. It is absolutely required for the uptake of transforming DNA but not for binding. Its role in binding may be indirect. (205 aa) |
| | comEC | DNA channel for uptake in competent cells; The comE operon is required for the binding and uptake of transforming DNA. ComEC is required for internalization but is dispensable for DNA binding; To H.influenzae REC2, N.gonorrhoeae ComA and E.coli YcaI. (776 aa) |
| | recO | DNA double strand break repair and homologous recombination factor; Plays a role in DNA double-stranded break repair. It seems to be involved in an RecBC-independent recombinational process of DNA repair. It may act with RecF and RecR. Is recruited to repair centers, foci that are the site of double-strand break(s) after RecN and before RecF; may actively recruit RecF. (255 aa) |
| | ccpN | Negative regulator of gluconeogenesis; Transcription repressor that binds to the promoter of gapB and pckA genes, preventing their expression. Acts as a regulator for catabolite repression of gluconeogenic genes. (212 aa) |
| | nfo | Type IV apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease; Endonuclease IV plays a role in DNA repair. It cleaves phosphodiester bonds at apurinic or apyrimidinic (AP) sites, generating a 3'-hydroxyl group and a 5'-terminal sugar phosphate. (297 aa) |
| | sodA | Superoxide dismutase; Destroys superoxide anion radicals which are normally produced within the cells and which are toxic to biological systems; Belongs to the iron/manganese superoxide dismutase family. (202 aa) |
| | comGA | Membrane associated ATPase for DNA competence; Required for uptake of DNA by competent cells. (356 aa) |
| | comGB | Membrane platform component of the DNA transport machinery; Required for transformation and DNA binding. Belongs to the GSP F family. (323 aa) |
| | comGC | Pilin-like component of the DNA transport membrane platform; Required for transformation and DNA binding. Belongs to the ComGC family. (98 aa) |
| | comGD | Membrane component of the DNA transport platform; Required for transformation and DNA binding. (143 aa) |
| | comGE | Component of the DNA transport platform; Required for transformation and DNA binding. (115 aa) |
| | comGF | Component of the DNA transport platform; Required for transformation and DNA binding. (127 aa) |
| | comGG | Component of the DNA transport platform; Required for transformation and DNA binding. (124 aa) |
| | recN | Factor for double strand breaks DNA repair and genetic recombination; Involved in recombinational repair of damaged DNA. Seems to be the first protein recruited to repair centers, foci that are the site of double-strand DNA break(s), followed by RecO and then RecF. (576 aa) |
| | spo0A | Response regulator; May play the central regulatory role in sporulation. It may be an element of the effector pathway responsible for the activation of sporulation genes in response to nutritional stress. Spo0A may act in concert with Spo0H (a sigma factor) to control the expression of some genes that are critical to the sporulation process. Repressor of abrB, activator of the spoIIa operon. Binds the DNA sequence 5'-TGNCGAA-3' (0A box). (267 aa) |
