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radC radC sigH sigH rpoB rpoB rpoC rpoC rpoA rpoA sigW sigW nadE nadE dctR dctR rsbT rsbT rsbW rsbW yddK yddK ydeJ ydeJ ydfR ydfR ydfS ydfS fra fra ydiM ydiM ydjG ydjG yetF yetF citT citT sigM sigM sbcC sbcC appC appC oppC oppC xpf xpf dppC dppC ykjA ykjA sigI sigI rnjA rnjA rnpZA rnpZA ylaC ylaC sigE sigE gmk gmk rpoZ rpoZ sigD sigD rnjB rnjB yorL yorL yorJ yorJ yonO yonO sigF sigF spoIIAB spoIIAB sigA sigA dnaG dnaG dgkA dgkA sigZ sigZ sigV sigV yrbG yrbG rnmV rnmV dnaE dnaE yufM yufM yusF yusF sigO sigO yvbJ yvbJ sigL sigL rpoE rpoE sigY sigY
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splice isoforms or post-translational modifications are collapsed, i.e. each node represents all the proteins produced by a single, protein-coding gene locus.
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query proteins and first shell of interactors
white nodes:
second shell of interactors
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empty nodes:
proteins of unknown 3D structure
filled nodes:
a 3D structure is known or predicted
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Edges represent protein-protein associations
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Known Interactions
from curated databases
experimentally determined
Predicted Interactions
gene neighborhood
gene fusions
gene co-occurrence
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textmining
co-expression
protein homology
Your Input:
radCPutative DNA repair protein; Evidence 3: Function proposed based on presence of conserved amino acid motif, structural feature or limited homology; Product type pf: putative factor. (231 aa)
sigHRNA polymerase sigma-30 factor (sigma(H)); Sigma factors are initiation factors that promote the attachment of RNA polymerase to specific initiation sites and are then released. This sigma factor is involved in the transition to post- exponential phase in the beginning of sporulation. It is also required for transcription of several stationary phase genes. (218 aa)
rpoBRNA polymerase (beta subunit); DNA-dependent RNA polymerase catalyzes the transcription of DNA into RNA using the four ribonucleoside triphosphates as substrates. (1193 aa)
rpoCRNA polymerase (beta' subunit); DNA-dependent RNA polymerase catalyzes the transcription of DNA into RNA using the four ribonucleoside triphosphates as substrates. (1199 aa)
rpoARNA polymerase (alpha subunit); DNA-dependent RNA polymerase catalyzes the transcription of DNA into RNA using the four ribonucleoside triphosphates as substrates. (314 aa)
sigWRNA polymerase ECF(extracytoplasmic function)-type sigma factor W; Sigma factors are initiation factors that promote the attachment of RNA polymerase to specific initiation sites and are then released. Sigma-W controls genes involved in response to cell envelope stress such as antimicrobial peptides , alkaline pH , transport processes and detoxification. (187 aa)
nadEAmmonium-dependent NAD+ synthetase; Catalyzes the ATP-dependent amidation of deamido-NAD to form NAD. Uses ammonia as a nitrogen source. (272 aa)
dctRTwo-component response regulator; Member of the two-component regulatory system DctS/DctR. Essential for expression of dctP. (226 aa)
rsbTSwitch protein/serine-threonine kinase; Provides the crucial link between the upstream module (communication of environmental stress) and the downstream module (integration of the environmental signals with signals of energy stress) that compose the signal transduction pathway controlling the sigma-B factor. Phosphorylates and inactivates its specific antagonist protein RsbS thanks to its serine kinase activity. Upon phosphorylation of RsbS, RsbT is released to stimulate RsbU, a PP2C phosphatase, thereby initiating the signaling cascade that ultimately activates sigma-B. The activity o [...] (133 aa)
rsbWSwitch protein/serine kinase and anti-sigma factor (inhibitory sigma-B binding protein); Negative regulator of sigma-B activity. Phosphorylates and inactivates its specific antagonist protein, RsbV. Upon phosphorylation of RsbV, RsbW is released and binds to sigma-B, thereby blocking its ability to form an RNA polymerase holoenzyme (E-sigma-B). (160 aa)
yddKConserved hypothetical protein; Evidence 4: Homologs of previously reported genes of unknown function. (266 aa)
ydeJPutative lipoprotein; Evidence 3: Function proposed based on presence of conserved amino acid motif, structural feature or limited homology; Product type lp: lipoprotein. (219 aa)
ydfRConserved hypothetical protein; Evidence 4: Homologs of previously reported genes of unknown function. (225 aa)
ydfSConserved hypothetical protein; Evidence 4: Homologs of previously reported genes of unknown function. (235 aa)
fraFrataxin; Possible global iron distributor for the cell. Promotes the biosynthesis of iron-sulfur clusters by delivering Fe to the iron- sulfur cluster assembly scaffold protein SufU. In the presence of SufS and L-cysteine reconstitutes Fe-S clusters on SufU, which when further incubated with apo-aconitase (citB) reconstitutes aconitase activity. Able to reconstitute an Fe-S cluster on Thermotoga maritima IscU. (123 aa)
ydiMHypothetical protein; Evidence 7: Gene remnant; putative enzyme. (126 aa)
ydjGPutative phage replication protein; Evidence 3: Function proposed based on presence of conserved amino acid motif, structural feature or limited homology; Product type h: extrachromosomal origin. (341 aa)
yetFConserved hypothetical protein; Evidence 4: Homologs of previously reported genes of unknown function. (231 aa)
citTTwo-component response regulator; Member of the two-component regulatory system CitT/CitS. Regulates the expression of the citM-yflN operon. Phosphorylated CitT binds to the citM promoter to activate the transcription of the citM- yflN operon. (226 aa)
sigMRNA polymerase ECF (extracytoplasmic function)-type sigma factor (sigma(M)); Sigma factors are initiation factors that promote the attachment of RNA polymerase to specific initiation sites and are then released. Extracytoplasmic function (ECF) sigma factors are held in an inactive form by a cognate anti-sigma factor (YhdL) until released. This sigma factor is involved in the maintenance of membrane and cell wall integrity in response to environmental stresses including salt, acid, ethanol and antibiotics stress. Partially regulates transcription from a number of genes including disA. (163 aa)
sbcCDNA ATP-dependent repair enzyme; SbcCD cleaves DNA hairpin structures. These structures can inhibit DNA replication and are intermediates in certain DNA recombination reactions. The complex acts as a 3'->5' double strand exonuclease that can open hairpins. It also has a 5' single-strand endonuclease activity (By similarity); Belongs to the SMC family. SbcC subfamily. (1130 aa)
appCOligopeptide ABC transporter (permease); This protein is a component of an oligopeptide permease, a binding protein-dependent transport system. This APP system can completely substitute for the OPP system in both sporulation and genetic competence, though, unlike OPP, is incapable of transporting tripeptides. Probably responsible for the translocation of the substrate across the membrane (By similarity); Belongs to the binding-protein-dependent transport system permease family. OppBC subfamily. (303 aa)
oppCOligopeptide ABC transporter (permease); Part of the binding-protein-dependent transport system for oligopeptides; probably responsible for the translocation of the substrate across the membrane. Also required for sporulation and competence. (305 aa)
xpfPutative RNA polymerase PBSX sigma factor-like; Positive regulatory protein that acts at the late promoter PL. (169 aa)
dppCDipeptide ABC transporter (permease); Part of the binding-protein-dependent transport system for dipeptides; probably responsible for the translocation of the substrate across the membrane. Is expressed to facilitate adaptation to nutrient deficiency conditions, which also induce sporulation. (320 aa)
ykjAConserved hypothetical protein; Evidence 4: Homologs of previously reported genes of unknown function. (243 aa)
sigIRNA polymerase sigma factor; Sigma factors are initiation factors that promote the attachment of RNA polymerase to specific initiation sites and are then released. This sigma factor is involved in regulation of cell wall metabolism in response to heat stress. Acts by regulating the expression of genes such as bcrC, mreBH and lytE. Also plays a role in survival at low temperatures. Belongs to the sigma-70 factor family. SigI subfamily. (251 aa)
rnjARibonuclease J1; An RNase that has endonuclease and 5'-3' exonuclease activity, playing a role in both rRNA and mRNA stability and degradation. Endonuclease activity can cleave within 4 nucleotides of the 5'-end of a triphosphorylated RNA. Endonuclease digestion by the RNase J1/J2 complex occurs at a different site and in some cases more efficiently than J1 or J2 alone. The exonuclease activity of the J1/J2 complex is highly processive on substrates longer than 5 nucleotides, on shorter substrates is distributive. Preferentially cleaves ssRNA, possibly in AU-rich regions. The 5'-exonuc [...] (555 aa)
rnpZAOmega 1 subunit of RNA polymerase; Evidence 1a: Function experimentally demonstrated in the studied strain; Product type f: factor; Belongs to the UPF0356 family. (69 aa)
ylaCRNA polymerase ECF-type sigma factor; Sigma factors are initiation factors that promote the attachment of RNA polymerase to specific initiation sites and are then released. This sigma factor contributes to oxidative stress resistance. (173 aa)
sigERNA polymerase sporulation-specific sigma-29 factor (sigma-E); Sigma factors are initiation factors that promote the attachment of RNA polymerase to specific initiation sites and are then released. This sigma factor is responsible for the expression of sporulation specific genes. (239 aa)
gmkGuanylate kinase; Essential for recycling GMP and indirectly, cGMP. (204 aa)
rpoZOmega subunit of RNA polymerase; Promotes RNA polymerase assembly. Latches the N- and C- terminal regions of the beta' subunit thereby facilitating its interaction with the beta and alpha subunits (By similarity). (67 aa)
sigDRNA polymerase sigma-28 factor (sigma-D); Sigma factors are initiation factors that promote the attachment of RNA polymerase to specific initiation sites and are then released. This alternative sigma factor is required for the transcription of the flagellin and motility genes as well as for wild- type chemotaxis. (254 aa)
rnjBRibonuclease J2; Endonucleolytically cleaves the 5'-leader sequence of certain mRNAs. Endonuclease digestion by the RNase J1/J2 complex occurs at a different site and in some cases more efficiently than J1 or J2 alone. The exonuclease activity of the J1/J2 complex is highly processive on substrates longer than 5 nucleotides, on shorter substrates is distributive. Plays a role in mRNA maturation and stability. Appears to have a limited effect on 16S rRNA maturation, despite its similarity to RNase J1. This subunit alone has very poor 5'-3' exonuclease activity. Belongs to the metallo-be [...] (555 aa)
yorLPutative DNA polymerase; Probable DNA polymerase; Belongs to the DNA polymerase type-C family. (1305 aa)
yorJPutative DNA replication initiation protein; Evidence 3: Function proposed based on presence of conserved amino acid motif, structural feature or limited homology; Product type pe: putative enzyme. (378 aa)
yonOConserved hypothetical protein; A single subunit DNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RNAP) that catalyzes the transcription of DNA into RNA using the four ribonucleoside triphosphates (rNTPs) as substrates. The enzyme is more highly processive than the multisubunit RNAP from E.coli but is considerably more error-prone. It has no detectable proof-reading function but can perform pyrophosphorolysis. Transcribes the late genes of the SPbeta prophage starting from yonK (approximately 35 genes are encoded in the prophage downstream from yonK). (839 aa)
sigFRNA polymerase sporulation-specific sigma factor (sigma-F); Sigma factors are initiation factors that promote the attachment of RNA polymerase to specific initiation sites and are then released. This sigma factor is responsible for the expression of sporulation specific genes. Interaction with SpoIIAB inhibits sigma-F activity throughout the cell before the formation of the asymmetric septum; after septation the interaction is confined to the mother cell, and sigma F activity is released in the prespore. Responsible for expression of csfB (the anti-sigma-G factor Gin). (255 aa)
spoIIABAnti-sigma factor (antagonist of sigma(F)) and serine kinase; Binds to sigma F and blocks its ability to form an RNA polymerase holoenzyme (E-sigma F). Phosphorylates SpoIIAA on a serine residue. This phosphorylation may enable SpoIIAA to act as an anti- anti-sigma factor that counteracts SpoIIAB and thus releases sigma F from inhibition. (146 aa)
sigARNA polymerase major sigma-43 factor (sigma-A); Sigma factors are initiation factors that promote the attachment of RNA polymerase to specific initiation sites and are then released. This sigma factor is the primary sigma factor during exponential growth; Belongs to the sigma-70 factor family. RpoD/SigA subfamily. (371 aa)
dnaGDNA primase; RNA polymerase that catalyzes the synthesis of short RNA molecules used as primers for DNA polymerase during DNA replication. (603 aa)
dgkAUndecaprenol kinase; Catalyzes the phosphorylation of undecaprenol in vitro, which is probably the physiological substrate. Exhibits no detectable activity against other substrates such as monoacylglycerol, ceramide, or diacylglycerol (DAG). Appears indispensable for the maintenance of spore stability and viability in B.subtilis. (123 aa)
sigZRNA polymerase ECF(extracytoplasmic function)-type sigma factor (sigma-Z); Sigma factors are initiation factors that promote the attachment of RNA polymerase to specific initiation sites and are then released. (176 aa)
sigVRNA polymerase ECF(extracytoplasmic function)-type sigma factor (sigma(V)); Sigma factors are initiation factors that promote the attachment of RNA polymerase to specific initiation sites and are then released. Positively regulates the expression of proteins involved in stress responses against bacitracin, paraquat and tellurite. Belongs to the sigma-70 factor family. ECF subfamily. (166 aa)
yrbGConserved hypothetical protein; Evidence 4: Homologs of previously reported genes of unknown function. (218 aa)
rnmVRibonuclease M5; Required for correct processing of both the 5' and 3' ends of 5S rRNA precursor. Cleaves both sides of a double-stranded region yielding mature 5S rRNA in one step. Releases 5'-phosphoryl and 3'- hydroxy termini. (186 aa)
dnaEDNA polymerase III (alpha subunit); DNA polymerase III is a complex, multichain enzyme responsible for most of the replicative synthesis in bacteria. This DNA polymerase also exhibits 3' to 5' exonuclease activity. The alpha chain is the DNA polymerase (By similarity); Belongs to the DNA polymerase type-C family. DnaE subfamily. (1115 aa)
yufMTwo-component response regulator [YufL]; Member of a two-component regulatory system MalK/MalR. Activates transcription of maeA, maeN and yflS in presence of malate by binding to their promoter region. (235 aa)
yusFPutative ribonuclease; Evidence 3: Function proposed based on presence of conserved amino acid motif, structural feature or limited homology; putative enzyme. (146 aa)
sigOAlternative sigma factor; Sigma factors are initiation factors that promote the attachment of RNA polymerase to specific initiation sites and are then released. Together with its coactivator RsoA, positively regulates the expression of at least three operons, including oxdC-yvrL, sigO-rsoA and yvrJ. Required for the acid stress-dependent induction of the oxalate decarboxylase oxdC. (176 aa)
yvbJConserved hypothetical protein; Evidence 4: Homologs of previously reported genes of unknown function; PubMedId: 15155184. (605 aa)
sigLRNA polymerase sigma-54 factor (sigma-L); Sigma factors are initiation factors that promote the attachment of RNA polymerase to specific initiation sites and are then released. This sigma factor is responsible for the expression of the levanase operon. The open complex (sigma-54 and core RNA polymerase) serves as the receptor for receipt of the melting signal from the remotely bound activator protein LevR for the expression of the levanase operon. (436 aa)
rpoERNA polymerase (delta subunit); Participates in both the initiation and recycling phases of transcription. In the presence of the delta subunit, RNAP displays an increased specificity of transcription, a decreased affinity for nucleic acids, and an increased efficiency of RNA synthesis because of enhanced recycling. May function in sigma factor switching. It displaces RNA bound to RNA polymerase in a binary complex; Belongs to the RpoE family. (173 aa)
sigYRNA polymerase ECF (extracytoplasmic function)-type sigma factor (sigma-Y); Sigma factors are initiation factors that promote the attachment of RNA polymerase to specific initiation sites and are then released. Positively regulates the expression of the sigY-yxlCDEFG operon upon nitrogen starvation. Also positively regulates ybgB. (178 aa)
Your Current Organism:
Bacillus subtilis 168
NCBI taxonomy Id: 224308
Other names: B. subtilis subsp. subtilis str. 168, Bacillus subtilis subsp. subtilis 168, Bacillus subtilis subsp. subtilis str. 168, Bacillus subtilis subsp. subtilis str. BGSC 1A700
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