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gcvT gcvT ctsR ctsR sigH sigH salA salA sigW sigW rsiW rsiW bsdC bsdC gabD gabD ydaD ydaD sigB sigB yfmP yfmP rbn rbn spo0M spo0M yhbI yhbI yhcA yhcA yhcC yhcC wprA wprA ohrB ohrB spo0E spo0E sucD sucD rseP rseP ynfC ynfC cotD cotD sigX sigX yqjM yqjM bkdB bkdB buk buk bcd bcd ptb ptb gcvPB gcvPB gcvPA gcvPA ytbE ytbE mdh mdh icd icd citZ citZ acsA acsA yuxJ yuxJ maeN maeN yuiA yuiA oxdC oxdC lutA lutA sigL sigL padC padC ywoH ywoH ywoG ywoG ureC ureC fdhD fdhD maeA maeA katX katX wapA wapA tetL tetL
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splice isoforms or post-translational modifications are collapsed, i.e. each node represents all the proteins produced by a single, protein-coding gene locus.
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query proteins and first shell of interactors
white nodes:
second shell of interactors
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proteins of unknown 3D structure
filled nodes:
a 3D structure is known or predicted
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Known Interactions
from curated databases
experimentally determined
Predicted Interactions
gene neighborhood
gene fusions
gene co-occurrence
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textmining
co-expression
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gcvTAminomethyltransferase (glycine cleavage system protein T); The glycine cleavage system catalyzes the degradation of glycine. (362 aa)
ctsRTranscriptional regulator; Controls the expression of the cellular protein quality control genes clpC, clpE and clpP, as well as mcsA and mcsB. Acts as a repressor of these class III stress genes by binding to a directly repeated heptanucleotide operator sequence (A/GGTCAAA NAN A/GGTCAAA). After heat shock, CtsR is degraded by the ClpCP and ClpEP proteolytic systems, ensuring the derepression of clpE, clpP and the clpC operon. CtsR negatively autoregulates its own synthesis. (154 aa)
sigHRNA polymerase sigma-30 factor (sigma(H)); Sigma factors are initiation factors that promote the attachment of RNA polymerase to specific initiation sites and are then released. This sigma factor is involved in the transition to post- exponential phase in the beginning of sporulation. It is also required for transcription of several stationary phase genes. (218 aa)
salAMrp family regulator; Binds and transfers iron-sulfur (Fe-S) clusters to target apoproteins. Can hydrolyze ATP; Belongs to the Mrp/NBP35 ATP-binding proteins family. (352 aa)
sigWRNA polymerase ECF(extracytoplasmic function)-type sigma factor W; Sigma factors are initiation factors that promote the attachment of RNA polymerase to specific initiation sites and are then released. Sigma-W controls genes involved in response to cell envelope stress such as antimicrobial peptides , alkaline pH , transport processes and detoxification. (187 aa)
rsiWanti-sigma(W) factor; The anti-sigma factor for extracytoplasmic function (ECF) sigma factor sigma-W (SigW). Holds SigW, its cognate ECF sigma factor, in an inactive form until released by regulated intramembrane proteolysis (RIP). SigW and RsiW mediate cell response to cell wall stress. RIP occurs when an extracytoplasmic signal triggers a concerted proteolytic cascade to transmit information and elicit cellular responses. The membrane-spanning regulatory substrate protein is first cut periplasmically (site-1 protease, S1P, PrsW) , then within the membrane itself (site-2 protease, S2P [...] (208 aa)
bsdCPhenolic acid decarboxylase subunit BsdC; Involved in the non-oxidative decarboxylation and detoxification of phenolic derivatives under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions. Phenolic acid decarboxylase that catalyzes the reversible decarboxylation of 4- hydroxybenzoate and vanillate. Could also catalyze the decarboxylation of salicylate (Probable). Is not active on di- and tri-hydroxybenzoate derivatives. Belongs to the UbiD family. YclC subfamily. (473 aa)
gabDSuccinate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase; Catalyzes the NADP(+) dependent oxidation of succinate semialdehyde to succinate. (462 aa)
ydaDPutative dehydrogenase; Evidence 3: Function proposed based on presence of conserved amino acid motif, structural feature or limited homology; Product type pe: putative enzyme. (286 aa)
sigBRNA polymerase sigma-37 factor (sigma(B)); Sigma factors are initiation factors that promote the attachment of RNA polymerase to specific initiation sites and are then released. Sigma B is not essential for sporulation; rather it is required for maximal expression of ctc and csbA which are transcribed in the early stationary phase under conditions inimical to sporulation. May play a role in the ability of the bacterium to adapt to various stresses but is not essential for its survival under these conditions. Positively regulates expression of its own operon; Belongs to the sigma-70 fac [...] (262 aa)
yfmPTranscriptional regulator (MerR family) of metal efflux transporter expression; Repressor of the yfmOP operon. A mutation in yfmP leads to overexpression of yfmO, probably causing a decrease in cellular copper that is eventually responsible for a reduced copper induction of copZA. (140 aa)
rbnPutative ribonuclease BN; Evidence 3: Function proposed based on presence of conserved amino acid motif, structural feature or limited homology; Product type pe: putative enzyme. (275 aa)
spo0MSporulation-control gene; Controls the expression of spo0A and is required to pass the morphological stage 0 of sporulation; Belongs to the spo0M family. (258 aa)
yhbIPutative transcriptional regulator (MarR family); Evidence 3: Function proposed based on presence of conserved amino acid motif, structural feature or limited homology; Product type pr: putative regulator. (154 aa)
yhcAPutative exporter; Evidence 3: Function proposed based on presence of conserved amino acid motif, structural feature or limited homology; Product type pt: putative transporter. (532 aa)
yhcCHypothetical protein; Evidence 5: No homology to any previously reported sequences. (124 aa)
wprACell wall-associated protease; CWBP52 is a serine-type protease that could be involved in proteoglycan peptide bridges; Belongs to the peptidase S8 family. (894 aa)
ohrBOrganic hydroperoxide resistance reductase B; Involved in organic hydroperoxide resistance. Belongs to the OsmC/Ohr family. (136 aa)
spo0ENegative regulatory phosphatase acting on Spo0A-P (sporulation); Aspartyl-phosphate phosphatase which specifically dephosphorylates the sporulation transcription factor Spo0A-P and negatively regulates the sporulation initiation pathway in order to control the proper timing of sporulation. Belongs to the spo0E family. (85 aa)
sucDsuccinyl-CoA synthetase (alpha subunit); Succinyl-CoA synthetase functions in the citric acid cycle (TCA), coupling the hydrolysis of succinyl-CoA to the synthesis of either ATP or GTP and thus represents the only step of substrate-level phosphorylation in the TCA. The alpha subunit of the enzyme binds the substrates coenzyme A and phosphate, while succinate binding and nucleotide specificity is provided by the beta subunit. (300 aa)
rsePRegulator of sigma-W protease RasP; Is responsible for site-2 cleavage of the RsiW anti-sigma factor. This results, after a third proteolytic step catalyzed by the ClpXP protease, in the release of SigW and the transcription activation of the genes under the control of the sigma-W factor. Can also cleave liberated signal peptides of PenP and Mpr, probably within in the cell membrane. (422 aa)
ynfCConserved hypothetical protein; Evidence 4: Homologs of previously reported genes of unknown function. (136 aa)
cotDSpore coat protein (inner); Evidence 1a: Function experimentally demonstrated in the studied strain; cell process. (75 aa)
sigXRNA polymerase ECF(extracytoplasmic function)-type sigma factor sigma(X); Sigma factors are initiation factors that promote the attachment of RNA polymerase to specific initiation sites and are then released. May be involved in the regulation of iron metabolism; Belongs to the sigma-70 factor family. ECF subfamily. (194 aa)
yqjMNADPH-dependent flavin oxidoreductase; Catalyzes the reduction of the double bond of an array of alpha,beta-unsaturated aldehydes and ketones. It also reduces the nitro group of nitroester and nitroaromatic compounds. It could have a role in detoxification processes; Belongs to the NADH:flavin oxidoreductase/NADH oxidase family. NamA subfamily. (338 aa)
bkdBBranched-chain alpha-keto acid dehydrogenase E2 subunit (lipoamide acyltransferase); The branched-chain alpha-keto dehydrogenase complex catalyzes the overall conversion of alpha-keto acids to acyl-CoA and CO(2). It contains multiple copies of three enzymatic components: branched-chain alpha-keto acid decarboxylase (E1), lipoamide acyltransferase (E2) and lipoamide dehydrogenase (E3). (424 aa)
bukBranched-chain fatty-acid kinase; Evidence 1a: Function experimentally demonstrated in the studied strain; Product type e: enzyme; Belongs to the acetokinase family. (363 aa)
bcdBranched-chain amino acid dehydrogenase; Catalyzes the reversible deamination of L-leucine to 4- methyl-2-oxopentanoate. (364 aa)
ptbPhosphate butyryl coenzyme A transferase; Catalyzes the conversion of butyryl-CoA through butyryl phosphate to butyrate; Belongs to the phosphate acetyltransferase and butyryltransferase family. (299 aa)
gcvPBGlycine decarboxylase (subunit 2) (glycine cleavage system protein P); The glycine cleavage system catalyzes the degradation of glycine. The P protein binds the alpha-amino group of glycine through its pyridoxal phosphate cofactor; CO(2) is released and the remaining methylamine moiety is then transferred to the lipoamide cofactor of the H protein (By similarity); Belongs to the GcvP family. C-terminal subunit subfamily. (488 aa)
gcvPAGlycine decarboxylase (subunit 1) (glycine cleavage system protein P); The glycine cleavage system catalyzes the degradation of glycine. The P protein binds the alpha-amino group of glycine through its pyridoxal phosphate cofactor; CO(2) is released and the remaining methylamine moiety is then transferred to the lipoamide cofactor of the H protein (By similarity). (448 aa)
ytbEPutative aldo/keto reductase; Evidence 3: Function proposed based on presence of conserved amino acid motif, structural feature or limited homology; Product type pe: putative enzyme; Belongs to the aldo/keto reductase family. (280 aa)
mdhMalate dehydrogenase; Catalyzes the reversible oxidation of malate to oxaloacetate. (312 aa)
icdIsocitrate dehydrogenase; Evidence 1a: Function experimentally demonstrated in the studied strain; Product type e: enzyme. (423 aa)
citZCitrate synthase II; Might regulate the synthesis and function of enzymes involved in later enzymatic steps of Krebs cycle. Loss in activity results in sporulation defect; Belongs to the citrate synthase family. (372 aa)
acsAacetyl-CoA synthetase; Catalyzes the conversion of acetate into acetyl-CoA (AcCoA), an essential intermediate at the junction of anabolic and catabolic pathways. AcsA undergoes a two-step reaction. In the first half reaction, AcsA combines acetate with ATP to form acetyl-adenylate (AcAMP) intermediate. In the second half reaction, it can then transfer the acetyl group from AcAMP to the sulfhydryl group of CoA, forming the product AcCoA (By similarity). Has a role in growth and sporulation on acetate. (572 aa)
yuxJPutative exporter; Evidence 3: Function proposed based on presence of conserved amino acid motif, structural feature or limited homology; Product type pt: putative transporter. (392 aa)
maeNNa+/malate symporter; Acts as a Na(+)-malate symporter, as it catalyzes malate- dependent uptake of Na(+) and Na(+)-dependent uptake of malate. (448 aa)
yuiAConserved hypothetical protein; Evidence 4: Homologs of previously reported genes of unknown function. (47 aa)
oxdCOxalate decarboxylase; Converts oxalate to formate and CO(2) in an O(2)-dependent reaction. Can also catalyze minor side reactions: oxalate oxidation to produce H(2)O(2), and oxalate-dependent, H(2)O(2)-independent dye oxidations. (385 aa)
lutAIron-sulfur oxidase component; Is essential for L-lactate degradation and allows cells to grow with lactate as the sole carbon source. May also allow cells to utilize an alternative carbon source during biofilm formation, since it contributes to the formation of architecturally complex communities when lactate is present. (238 aa)
sigLRNA polymerase sigma-54 factor (sigma-L); Sigma factors are initiation factors that promote the attachment of RNA polymerase to specific initiation sites and are then released. This sigma factor is responsible for the expression of the levanase operon. The open complex (sigma-54 and core RNA polymerase) serves as the receptor for receipt of the melting signal from the remotely bound activator protein LevR for the expression of the levanase operon. (436 aa)
padCPhenolic acid decarboxylase; Involved in the decarboxylation and detoxification of phenolic derivatives. It is able to catalyze the decarboxylation of ferulic, p-coumaric and caffeic acids; Belongs to the PadC family. (161 aa)
ywoHPutative transcriptional regulator (MarR family); Evidence 3: Function proposed based on presence of conserved amino acid motif, structural feature or limited homology; Product type pr: putative regulator. (137 aa)
ywoGPutative efflux transporter; Evidence 3: Function proposed based on presence of conserved amino acid motif, structural feature or limited homology; Product type pt: putative transporter. (396 aa)
ureCUrease (alpha subunit); Evidence 1a: Function experimentally demonstrated in the studied strain; Product type e: enzyme; Belongs to the metallo-dependent hydrolases superfamily. Urease alpha subunit family. (569 aa)
fdhDPutative subunit of an respiration oxidoreductase; Required for formate dehydrogenase (FDH) activity. Acts as a sulfur carrier protein that transfers sulfur from IscS to the molybdenum cofactor prior to its insertion into FDH (By similarity); Belongs to the FdhD family. (262 aa)
maeANAD-dependent malic enzyme (conversion of malate into pyruvate); Evidence 1a: Function experimentally demonstrated in the studied strain; Product type e: enzyme. (582 aa)
katXMajor catalase in spores; Decomposes hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen; serves to protect cells from the toxic effects of hydrogen peroxide; Belongs to the catalase family. (547 aa)
wapACell wall-associated protein precursor; Toxic component of a toxin-immunity protein module, which functions as a cellular contact-dependent growth inhibition (CDI) system. A site-specific general tRNA nuclease, the C-terminus (residues 2201-2334) removes 2 or 4 nucleotides from the 3' end of at least 4 tRNAs (upon expression in E.coli), possibly endonucleolytically. The nuclease activity is neutralized by expression of the cognate immunity protein WapI from the same strain, but not its homolog from 2 other B.subtilis strains. The C-terminus cannot be expressed on its own in E.coli, how [...] (2334 aa)
tetLTetracycline resistance leader peptide; Evidence 1a: Function experimentally demonstrated in the studied strain; Product type t: transporter. (20 aa)
Your Current Organism:
Bacillus subtilis 168
NCBI taxonomy Id: 224308
Other names: B. subtilis subsp. subtilis str. 168, Bacillus subtilis subsp. subtilis 168, Bacillus subtilis subsp. subtilis str. 168, Bacillus subtilis subsp. subtilis str. BGSC 1A700
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