STRINGSTRING
spoIVFA spoIVFA yaaH yaaH bofA bofA cwlJ cwlJ lipC lipC cotZ cotZ spoVIF spoVIF gerR gerR sigG sigG spoVM spoVM spoIIIE spoIIIE cotE cotE alrB alrB cotM cotM yoaN yoaN cotD cotD spoIVA spoIVA spoIIM spoIIM spoIIIAH spoIIIAH spoIIIAG spoIIIAG spoIIP spoIIP safA safA spoIVFB spoIVFB spoVID spoVID ysnD ysnD gerE gerE yuzC yuzC spoIIID spoIIID spoIIQ spoIIQ spoIID spoIID
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splice isoforms or post-translational modifications are collapsed, i.e. each node represents all the proteins produced by a single, protein-coding gene locus.
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query proteins and first shell of interactors
white nodes:
second shell of interactors
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proteins of unknown 3D structure
filled nodes:
a 3D structure is known or predicted
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Known Interactions
from curated databases
experimentally determined
Predicted Interactions
gene neighborhood
gene fusions
gene co-occurrence
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textmining
co-expression
protein homology
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spoIVFARegulator of SpoIVFB (stage IV sporulation); Implicated in the coupling of mother cell to forespore gene expression. Required for spore formation at 37 degrees Celsius, but not at 30 degrees Celsius. SpoIVFA plays a central role in both maintaining the SpoIVFA/BofA/SpoIVFB complex and anchoring it to the outer forespore membrane. SpoIVFA brings BofA into close proximity to SpoIVFB, allowing BofA to inhibit SpoIVFB. Increased accumulation of SpoIVFA seems to inhibit the activity of SpoIVFB and thus regulates the activation of sigma-K. (264 aa)
yaaHSpore peptidoglycan hydrolase; N-acetylglucosaminidase involved in cortex peptidoglycan degradation during germination. Cleaves only partially degraded spore peptidoglycans. Recognizes muramic acid delta-lactam residues specific to spore peptidoglycans. (427 aa)
bofAInhibitor of the pro-sigma(K) processing machinery; Involved in the mediation of the intercompartmental coupling of pro-sigma K processing to events in the forespore. Inhibits SpoIVFB- processing activity until a signal has been received from the forespore. Could inhibit SpoIVFB metalloprotease activity by coordinating a zinc in the SpoIVFB active site, preventing access of a water molecule and the sequence of pro-sigma K, which are necessary for peptide bond hydrolysis to produce sigma-K. (87 aa)
cwlJCell wall hydrolase; Probable spore cortex-lytic enzyme involved in the depolymerization of cortex peptidoglycan during germination. (142 aa)
lipCSpore coat phospholipase B; Lipase involved in spore germination. Belongs to the 'GDSL' lipolytic enzyme family. (213 aa)
cotZSpore coat protein (insoluble fraction, outermost layer); Evidence 1a: Function experimentally demonstrated in the studied strain; Product type s: structure. (148 aa)
spoVIFSporulation-specific protein needed for heat resistance; Transcription factor involved in spore coat assembly and spore resistance. Regulates the transcription of at least cgeA, cotG and cotS. (84 aa)
gerRDNA-binding regulator; Evidence 1a: Function experimentally demonstrated in the studied strain; Product type r: regulator. (193 aa)
sigGRNA polymerase sporulation-specific sigma factor (sigma-G); Sigma factors are initiation factors that promote the attachment of RNA polymerase to specific initiation sites and are then released. This sigma factor is responsible for the expression of sporulation specific genes in the forespore. (260 aa)
spoVMFactor required for normal spore cortex and coat synthesis (stage V sporulation); Coordinates cortex and coat assembly during sporulation. Associates with the spore coat protein SpoIVA and with the outer forespore membrane, thereby serving as a membrane anchor that tethers SpoIVA and the entire spore coat to the forespore surface. May also serve as a competitive inhibitor of FtsH activity during sporulation. (26 aa)
spoIIIESpore DNA translocase; Plays an essential role during sporulation. Required for the translocation of the chromosomal DNA from mother cell into the forespore during polar septation, for the final steps of compartmentalization in the presence of trapped DNA, and for the final steps of engulfment. The N-terminus mediates localization to the division septum and is required for both septal membrane fusion and engulfment membrane fusion. May form DNA-conducting channels across the two lipid bilayers of the septum after cell division. The C-terminus functions as a DNA motor that exports DNA i [...] (787 aa)
cotEMorphogenic spore protein; Morphogenic protein required for the assembly of the outer coat of the endospore. Is also a regulatory protein for the expression of cotA, cotB, cotC, cotH and other genes encoding spore outer coat proteins. (181 aa)
alrBAlanine racemase; Catalyzes the interconversion of L-alanine and D-alanine. May also act on other amino acids; Belongs to the alanine racemase family. (394 aa)
cotMSpore coat protein (outer); Involved in spore outer coat assembly. May be part of a cross-linked insoluble skeleton that surrounds the spore, serves as a matrix for the assembly of additional outer coat material, and confers structural stability to the final structure. (130 aa)
yoaNOxalate decarboxylase; Converts oxalate to formate and CO(2); To B.subtilis OxdC. (392 aa)
cotDSpore coat protein (inner); Evidence 1a: Function experimentally demonstrated in the studied strain; cell process. (75 aa)
spoIVAMorphogenetic stage IV sporulation protein; ATPase. Has a role at an early stage in the morphogenesis of the spore coat outer layers. Its ATP hydrolysis is required for proper assembly of the spore coat. Forms a basement layer around the outside surface of the forespore and self-assembles irreversibly into higher order structures by binding and hydrolyzing ATP thus creating a durable and stable platform upon which thereafter morphogenesis of the coat can take place. Required for proper localization of spore coat protein CotE and sporulation-specific proteins including SpoVM. (492 aa)
spoIIMAutolysin component for dissolution of the septal cell wall (stage II sporulation); Required for complete septum migration and engulfment of the forespore compartment during sporulation. Required for stabilizing and recruiting of SpoIIP to the septal membrane. (214 aa)
spoIIIAHStage III sporulation ratchet engulfment protein; Involved in forespore engulfment. Forms a channel with SpoIIIAH that is open on the forespore end and closed (or gated) on the mother cell end. This allows sigma-E-directed gene expression in the mother-cell compartment of the sporangium to trigger the activation of sigma-G forespore-specific gene expression by a pathway of intercellular signaling. (218 aa)
spoIIIAGStage III sporulation engulfment assembly protein; Evidence 1a: Function experimentally demonstrated in the studied strain; Product type cp: cell process. (229 aa)
spoIIPSpore autolysin (stage II sporulation); Evidence 1a: Function experimentally demonstrated in the studied strain; Product type cp: cell process. (401 aa)
safAMorphogenetic protein associated with SpoVID; Probably involved in the assembly of some coat protein components implicated in both lysozyme resistance and germination. Could be required for the assembly of CotG. Associates with SpoIVD during the early stage of coat assembly. (387 aa)
spoIVFBMembrane metalloprotease; Implicated in the coupling of mother cell to forespore gene expression. Required for spore formation. Processes the pro-sigma K factor. (288 aa)
spoVIDMorphogenetic spore protein (stage VI sporulation); Required for assembly of a normal spore coat. May be a component of the innermost layer of the spore coat that aids in its adherence to the prespore. (575 aa)
ysnDInner spore coat protein; Evidence 1a: Function experimentally demonstrated in the studied strain; Product type cp: cell process. (111 aa)
gerETranscriptional regulator; Involved in the regulation of spore formation. Directs the transcription of several genes that encode structural components of the protein coat that encases the mature spore (CotB, CotC, CotG, CotS, CotV, CotW, CotX, CotY and CotZ). Controls also the cgeAB and cgeCDE operons. (74 aa)
yuzCInner spore coat protein; Evidence 2b: Function of strongly homologous gene; Product type cp: cell process. (122 aa)
spoIIIDTranscriptional regulator; This protein regulates the transcription of sigK, which encodes mother cell chamber RNA polymerase sigma-factor (sigma K). (93 aa)
spoIIQForespore protein required for alternative engulfment; Involved in forespore engulfment and required for anchoring membrane proteins on the forespore side of the septal membrane. Forms a channel with SpoIIIAH that is open on the forespore end and closed (or gated) on the mother cell end. This allows sigma-E-directed gene expression in the mother-cell compartment of the sporangium to trigger the activation of sigma-G forespore-specific gene expression by a pathway of intercellular signaling. (283 aa)
spoIIDAutolysin required for complete dissolution of the asymmetric septum (stage II sporulation); May act at the level of sigma-G activity or its stability. SpoIID is probably required for engulfment. (343 aa)
Your Current Organism:
Bacillus subtilis 168
NCBI taxonomy Id: 224308
Other names: B. subtilis subsp. subtilis str. 168, Bacillus subtilis subsp. subtilis 168, Bacillus subtilis subsp. subtilis str. 168, Bacillus subtilis subsp. subtilis str. BGSC 1A700
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