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lonA lonA yuxH yuxH lytH lytH epsE epsE slrR slrR yvzB yvzB fliS fliS fliD fliD hag hag csrA csrA fliW fliW flgL flgL flgK flgK flgM flgM degS degS lytC lytC lytD lytD flhP flhP flhO flhO slrA slrA rarA rarA ypfA ypfA ymdB ymdB ylxL ylxL sigD sigD flhF flhF flhA flhA flhB flhB fliR fliR fliQ fliQ fliP fliP fliY fliY fliM fliM flgE flgE flgD flgD fliK fliK fliG fliG fliF fliF fliE fliE flgC flgC flgB flgB motB motB lytF lytF rbn rbn ycgR ycgR
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splice isoforms or post-translational modifications are collapsed, i.e. each node represents all the proteins produced by a single, protein-coding gene locus.
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query proteins and first shell of interactors
white nodes:
second shell of interactors
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empty nodes:
proteins of unknown 3D structure
filled nodes:
a 3D structure is known or predicted
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Edges represent protein-protein associations
associations are meant to be specific and meaningful, i.e. proteins jointly contribute to a shared function; this does not necessarily mean they are physically binding to each other.
Known Interactions
from curated databases
experimentally determined
Predicted Interactions
gene neighborhood
gene fusions
gene co-occurrence
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textmining
co-expression
protein homology
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lonAClass III heat-shock ATP-dependent LonA protease; ATP-dependent serine protease that mediates the selective degradation of mutant and abnormal proteins as well as certain short- lived regulatory proteins. Required for cellular homeostasis and for survival from DNA damage and developmental changes induced by stress. Degrades polypeptides processively to yield small peptide fragments that are 5 to 10 amino acids long. Binds to DNA in a double-stranded, site-specific manner (By similarity). Has been implicated in preventing sigma(G) activity under non-sporulation conditions. (774 aa)
yuxHPutative phosphodiesterase; Evidence 3: Function proposed based on presence of conserved amino acid motif, structural feature or limited homology; putative enzyme. (409 aa)
lytHSporulation-specific L-Ala-D-Glu endopeptidase; L-Ala--D-Glu endopeptidase involved in production of single L-alanine side chains from tetrapeptides in the spore cortex peptidoglycan. Therefore, is required for the endospore cortex maturation. (326 aa)
epsEBifunctional flagellar clutch and glycosyltransferase; May be involved in the production of the exopolysaccharide (EPS) component of the extracellular matrix during biofilm formation. EPS is responsible for the adhesion of chains of cells into bundles. Required for biofilm maintenance; Belongs to the glycosyltransferase 2 family. (278 aa)
slrRTranscriptional regulator of autolysin genes; Represses sigma(D)-dependent flagellar genes and activate the eps and yqxM operons. Repressor activity is regulated by SlrA. Controls the initiation of biofilm formation. (152 aa)
yvzBPutative flagellin; Evidence 3: Function proposed based on presence of conserved amino acid motif, structural feature or limited homology; putative structure; Belongs to the bacterial flagellin family. (160 aa)
fliSFlagellar assembly protein FliS; Essential for filament assembly. May act as a facilitator of flagellin (hag) secretion. Antagonizes translational repressor CsrA indirectly. Belongs to the FliS family. (133 aa)
fliDFlagellar hook-associated capping protein 2 (HAP2); Required for the morphogenesis and for the elongation of the flagellar filament by facilitating polymerization of the flagellin monomers at the tip of growing filament. Forms a capping structure, which prevents flagellin subunits (transported through the central channel of the flagellum) from leaking out without polymerization at the distal end (By similarity); Belongs to the FliD family. (498 aa)
hagFlagellin protein; Flagellin is the subunit which polymerizes to form the filaments of bacterial flagella. Assembly into flagella requires FliW. Acts as a homeostatic autoinhibitory regulator to control its own cytoplasmic levels. Partner switching by flagellin between FliW and CsrA provides a flagellar assembly checkpoint to tightly control the timing of flagellin synthesis. Flagellin binds to assembly factor FliW, freeing translation regulator CsrA to repress translation of the flagellin mRNA. When the flagellar hook is assembled flagellin is secreted, depleting intracellular flagell [...] (304 aa)
csrACarbon storage regulator; A translational regulator that binds mRNA to regulate translation initiation and/or mRNA stability. Usually binds in the 5'- UTR at or near the Shine-Dalgarno sequence preventing ribosome-binding, thus repressing translation. Represses expression of flagellin (hag) in a post-transcriptional fashion. Specifically binds to 2 sites in the 5'-UTR of hag mRNA in a cooperative fashion; the second site overlaps the Shine-Dalgarno sequence and prevents 30S ribosomal subunit binding. Mutation of either binding site abolishes CsrA regulation of hag expression. Repressio [...] (74 aa)
fliWAssembly factor of the flagellum; Acts as an anti-CsrA protein, binds CsrA and prevents it from repressing translation of its target genes, one of which is flagellin. Binds to flagellin (hag), which is implicated in polymerization, and participates in the assembly of the flagellum. An antagonist to translational regulator CsrA, it binds CsrA at an allosteric site and non-competitively inhibits CsrA binding to hag RNA. Partner switching by flagellin between FliW and CsrA provides a flagellar assembly checkpoint to tightly control the timing of flagellin synthesis. Flagellin binds to ass [...] (143 aa)
flgLFlagellar hook-filament junction; Evidence 2a: Function of homologous gene experimentally demonstrated in an other organism; structure. (298 aa)
flgKFlagellar hook-filament junction; Evidence 2a: Function of homologous gene experimentally demonstrated in an other organism; structure. (507 aa)
flgMAnti-sigma factor repressor of sigma(D)-dependent transcription; Allows the coupling of early and late flagellar synthesis through the repression of RNA polymerase sigma-D factor-dependent transcription. (88 aa)
degSTwo-component sensor histidine kinase; Member of the two-component regulatory system DegS/DegU, which plays an important role in the transition growth phase. Involved in the control of expression of different cellular functions, including production of degradative enzymes such as the neutral and alkaline proteases, flagellum formation and biofilm formation. Acts as both a protein kinase that undergoes autophosphorylation and subsequently transfers the phosphate to DegU, and a protein phosphatase that dephosphorylates phospho-DegU. (385 aa)
lytCPutative undecaprenyl-phosphate N-acetylgalactosaminyl-1-phosphate transferase; Autolysins are cell wall hydrolases involved in some important biological processes such as cell separation, cell-wall turnover, competence for genetic transformation, formation of the flagella - in particular of its basal body - and sporulation. Has a high affinity for teichoic acid-endowed peptidoglycan. LytC is required for efficient swarming motility but not at the level of cell separation or flagellum biosynthesis. Rather, LytC appears to be important for proper flagellar function. (496 aa)
lytDExported N-acetylglucosaminidase (major autolysin) (CWBP90); Cell wall hydrolase not involved in cell autolysis, competence, sporulation or germination. It hydrolyzes the beta-1,4 glycan bond between the N-acetylglucosaminyl and the N-acetylmuramoyl residues in the glycan chain. (880 aa)
flhPPutative flagellar hook-basal body protein; Evidence 3: Function proposed based on presence of conserved amino acid motif, structural feature or limited homology; Product type ps: putative structure; Belongs to the flagella basal body rod proteins family. (269 aa)
flhOPutative flagellar basal-body rod protein; Not required for motility. (270 aa)
slrAAnti-repressor of SlrR; Required specifically for induction of eps and yqxM operons by antagonizing SinR. Regulates SlrR activity. Controls the initiation of biofilm formation. (52 aa)
rarADNA-dependent ATPase; Evidence 2a: Function of homologous gene experimentally demonstrated in an other organism; Product type e: enzyme; Belongs to the AAA ATPase family. RarA/MGS1/WRNIP1 subfamily. (421 aa)
ypfAPutative cyclic diGMP binding protein; Evidence 3: Function proposed based on presence of conserved amino acid motif, structural feature or limited homology; putative regulator. (217 aa)
ymdBPutative hydrolase involved in biofilm formation; Plays a central, regulatory role in the late adaptive responses and affects the levels of many genes. May act via regulation of cAMP levels. Decreases the expression of motility genes and induces genes involved in biofilm formation, by controlling the expression of SlrR. Required for formation of intercellular nanotubes that bridge neighboring cells to allow molecular exchange. Plays a key role in directing the early stages of colony development. In vitro, has a metal-dependent phosphodiesterase activity against 2',3'-cAMP and 2',3'-cGM [...] (264 aa)
ylxLCoupling factor for flagellin transcription and translation; Required for swarming motility and for maximal sigma-D activity. (167 aa)
sigDRNA polymerase sigma-28 factor (sigma-D); Sigma factors are initiation factors that promote the attachment of RNA polymerase to specific initiation sites and are then released. This alternative sigma factor is required for the transcription of the flagellin and motility genes as well as for wild- type chemotaxis. (254 aa)
flhFGTPase involved in the export of flagella; Necessary for flagellar biosynthesis. May be involved in translocation of the flagellum. (366 aa)
flhAComponent of the flagellar export machinery; Involved in the export of flagellum proteins. (677 aa)
flhBComponent of the flagellar export machinery; May be involved in the export of flagellum proteins; Belongs to the type III secretion exporter family. (360 aa)
fliRComponent of the flagellar export machinery; Role in flagellar biosynthesis; Belongs to the FliR/MopE/SpaR family. (259 aa)
fliQComponent of the flagellar export machinery; Role in flagellar biosynthesis; Belongs to the FliQ/MopD/SpaQ family. (89 aa)
fliPComponent of the flagellar export machinery; Plays a role in the flagellum-specific transport system. Belongs to the FliP/MopC/SpaP family. (221 aa)
fliYFlagellar motor switching and energizing phosphatase; Component of the flagellar switch. Binds CheY-P and increases its hydrolysis rate in vitro. May function constitutively to remove CheY-P around the flagellar switch to maintain an optimal level of CheY-P whereas CheC may function after addition of an attractant to cope with increased levels of CheY-P; Belongs to the FliN/MopA/SpaO family. (378 aa)
fliMFlagellar motor switching and energizing component; One of the proteins that forms a switch complex that is proposed to be located at the base of the basal body. This complex interacts with chemotaxis proteins (such as CheY) in addition to contacting components of the motor that determine the direction of flagellar rotation; Belongs to the FliM family. (332 aa)
flgEFlagellar hook protein; Evidence 2a: Function of homologous gene experimentally demonstrated in an other organism; Product type f: factor; Belongs to the flagella basal body rod proteins family. (264 aa)
flgDFlagellar hook assembly protein; Evidence 2a: Function of homologous gene experimentally demonstrated in an other organism; Product type pf: putative factor; Belongs to the FlgD family. (140 aa)
fliKFlagellar hook-length control protein; Controls the length of the flagellar hook. (487 aa)
fliGFlagellar motor switching and energizing component; One of the proteins that forms a switch complex that is proposed to be located at the base of the basal body. This complex interacts with chemotaxis proteins (such as CheY) in addition to contacting components of the motor that determine the direction of flagellar rotation; Belongs to the FliG family. (338 aa)
fliFFlagellar basal-body M-ring protein; The M ring may be actively involved in energy transduction. (536 aa)
fliEFlagellar basal body protein; Evidence 2a: Function of homologous gene experimentally demonstrated in an other organism; Product type s: structure. (106 aa)
flgCFlagellar component of cell-proximal portion of basal-body rod; Evidence 2a: Function of homologous gene experimentally demonstrated in an other organism; Product type s: structure; Belongs to the flagella basal body rod proteins family. (150 aa)
flgBFlagellar component of cell-proximal portion of basal-body rod; Structural component of flagellum, the bacterial motility apparatus. Part of the rod structure of flagellar basal body. (129 aa)
motBMotility protein B; MotA and MotB comprise the stator element of the flagellar motor complex. Required for the rotation of the flagellar motor. Might be a linker that fastens the torque-generating machinery to the cell wall (By similarity). (261 aa)
lytFgamma-D-glutamate-meso-diaminopimelate muropeptidase (major autolysin); Cell wall hydrolase that cleaves gamma-D-glutamate-meso- diaminopimelate bonds in peptidoglycan. LytF is necessary and sufficient for vegetative daughter cell separation, and also seems to play a role in cell autolysis. (488 aa)
rbnPutative ribonuclease BN; Evidence 3: Function proposed based on presence of conserved amino acid motif, structural feature or limited homology; Product type pe: putative enzyme. (275 aa)
ycgRPutative permease; Evidence 3: Function proposed based on presence of conserved amino acid motif, structural feature or limited homology; Product type pt: putative transporter. (294 aa)
Your Current Organism:
Bacillus subtilis 168
NCBI taxonomy Id: 224308
Other names: B. subtilis subsp. subtilis str. 168, Bacillus subtilis subsp. subtilis 168, Bacillus subtilis subsp. subtilis str. 168, Bacillus subtilis subsp. subtilis str. BGSC 1A700
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