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ydaP ydaP ackA ackA citZ citZ icd icd mdh mdh sdhA sdhA rpmA rpmA aspS aspS gndA gndA zwf zwf sigF sigF lysA lysA hisC hisC qcrA qcrA asnS asnS yodQ yodQ odhB odhB dhaS dhaS yobR yobR citB citB cotE cotE rpsB rpsB sucC sucC rpsP rpsP rpoZ rpoZ pyrAB pyrAB ctaC ctaC pycA pycA pdhD pdhD pdhA pdhA yknT yknT ndh ndh argF argF srtN srtN spoVR spoVR gatC gatC purD purD purF purF purB purB srfAB srfAB srfAA srfAA putC putC rplM rplM rpoA rpoA rpsK rpsK rpmD rpmD rpsH rpsH rplE rplE rplNA rplNA rplP rplP rpsC rpsC rplB rplB tufA tufA fusA fusA rpsG rpsG rpoC rpoC rpoB rpoB rplL rplL sigH sigH gltX gltX serS serS yybD yybD hutI hutI ilvK ilvK pta pta argS argS glyA glyA lutB lutB lutC lutC gapA gapA pgk pgk tpiA tpiA fumC fumC yumB yumB dhbC dhbC dhbF dhbF pckA pckA asnB asnB acuC acuC acuA acuA acsA acsA rpsD rpsD ytcI ytcI
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query proteins and first shell of interactors
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second shell of interactors
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proteins of unknown 3D structure
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a 3D structure is known or predicted
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experimentally determined
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ydaPPutative enzyme with pyruvate as substrate; Evidence 3: Function proposed based on presence of conserved amino acid motif, structural feature or limited homology; Product type pe: putative enzyme. (574 aa)
ackAAcetate kinase; Catalyzes the formation of acetyl phosphate from acetate and ATP. Can also catalyze the reverse reaction. Appears to favor the formation of acetate. Involved in the secretion of excess carbohydrate. (395 aa)
citZCitrate synthase II; Might regulate the synthesis and function of enzymes involved in later enzymatic steps of Krebs cycle. Loss in activity results in sporulation defect; Belongs to the citrate synthase family. (372 aa)
icdIsocitrate dehydrogenase; Evidence 1a: Function experimentally demonstrated in the studied strain; Product type e: enzyme. (423 aa)
mdhMalate dehydrogenase; Catalyzes the reversible oxidation of malate to oxaloacetate. (312 aa)
sdhASuccinate dehydrogenase (flavoprotein subunit); Evidence 2a: Function of homologous gene experimentally demonstrated in an other organism; enzyme. (586 aa)
rpmARibosomal protein L27 (BL24); Plays a role in sporulation at high temperatures. (94 aa)
aspSaspartyl-tRNA synthetase; Aspartyl-tRNA synthetase with relaxed tRNA specificity since it is able to aspartylate not only its cognate tRNA(Asp) but also tRNA(Asn). Reaction proceeds in two steps: L-aspartate is first activated by ATP to form Asp-AMP and then transferred to the acceptor end of tRNA(Asp/Asn); Belongs to the class-II aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase family. Type 1 subfamily. (592 aa)
gndANADP+-dependent 6-P-gluconate dehydrogenase; Catalyzes the oxidative decarboxylation of 6-phosphogluconate to ribulose 5-phosphate and CO(2), with concomitant reduction of NADP to NADPH. Is the predominant 6-P-gluconate dehydrogenase isoenzyme in B.subtilis during growth on glucose and gluconate. (469 aa)
zwfGlucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase; Catalyzes the oxidation of glucose 6-phosphate to 6- phosphogluconolactone. (489 aa)
sigFRNA polymerase sporulation-specific sigma factor (sigma-F); Sigma factors are initiation factors that promote the attachment of RNA polymerase to specific initiation sites and are then released. This sigma factor is responsible for the expression of sporulation specific genes. Interaction with SpoIIAB inhibits sigma-F activity throughout the cell before the formation of the asymmetric septum; after septation the interaction is confined to the mother cell, and sigma F activity is released in the prespore. Responsible for expression of csfB (the anti-sigma-G factor Gin). (255 aa)
lysADiaminopimelate decarboxylase; Specifically catalyzes the decarboxylation of meso- diaminopimelate (meso-DAP) to L-lysine. (439 aa)
hisCHistidinol-phosphate aminotransferase; Evidence 1a: Function experimentally demonstrated in the studied strain; Product type e: enzyme; Belongs to the class-II pyridoxal-phosphate-dependent aminotransferase family. Histidinol-phosphate aminotransferase subfamily. (360 aa)
qcrAMenaquinol:cytochrome c oxidoreductase (iron-sulfur subunit); Component of the menaquinol-cytochrome c reductase complex. The Rieske protein is a high potential 2Fe-2S protein. (167 aa)
asnSasparaginyl-tRNA synthetase; Evidence 2a: Function of homologous gene experimentally demonstrated in an other organism; Product type e: enzyme. (430 aa)
yodQPutative deacylase; Evidence 3: Function proposed based on presence of conserved amino acid motif, structural feature or limited homology; Product type pe: putative enzyme. (436 aa)
odhB2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase complex (dihydrolipoamide transsuccinylase, E2 subunit); E2 component of the 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase (OGDH) complex which catalyzes the second step in the conversion of 2- oxoglutarate to succinyl-CoA and CO(2). (417 aa)
dhaSPutative aldehyde dehydrogenase; Evidence 3: Function proposed based on presence of conserved amino acid motif, structural feature or limited homology; Product type pe: putative enzyme; Belongs to the aldehyde dehydrogenase family. (495 aa)
yobRPutative acetyltransferase; Evidence 3: Function proposed based on presence of conserved amino acid motif, structural feature or limited homology; putative enzyme; Belongs to the acetyltransferase family. (247 aa)
citBAconitate hydratase (aconitase); Involved in both the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) and methylcitric acid cycles. Catalyzes the reversible isomerization of citrate to isocitrate via cis-aconitate. Also catalyzes the rehydration of 2- methyl-cis-aconitate to produce 2-methylisocitrate. The apo form of AcnA functions as a RNA-binding regulatory protein which plays a role in the regulation of citrate concentration and in the sporulation. To prevent the accumulation of excessive levels of citrate, it binds near the 5' end of the citZ mRNA, decreasing its stability and thereby limiting the conce [...] (909 aa)
cotEMorphogenic spore protein; Morphogenic protein required for the assembly of the outer coat of the endospore. Is also a regulatory protein for the expression of cotA, cotB, cotC, cotH and other genes encoding spore outer coat proteins. (181 aa)
rpsBRibosomal protein S2; Evidence 2a: Function of homologous gene experimentally demonstrated in an other organism; structure. (246 aa)
sucCsuccinyl-CoA synthetase (beta subunit); Succinyl-CoA synthetase functions in the citric acid cycle (TCA), coupling the hydrolysis of succinyl-CoA to the synthesis of either ATP or GTP and thus represents the only step of substrate-level phosphorylation in the TCA. The beta subunit provides nucleotide specificity of the enzyme and binds the substrate succinate, while the binding sites for coenzyme A and phosphate are found in the alpha subunit. (385 aa)
rpsPRibosomal protein S16 (BS17); Evidence 1a: Function experimentally demonstrated in the studied strain; Product type f: factor. (90 aa)
rpoZOmega subunit of RNA polymerase; Promotes RNA polymerase assembly. Latches the N- and C- terminal regions of the beta' subunit thereby facilitating its interaction with the beta and alpha subunits (By similarity). (67 aa)
pyrABPyrimidine-specific carbamoyl-phosphate synthetase (large subunit); Evidence 1a: Function experimentally demonstrated in the studied strain; Product type e: enzyme; Belongs to the CarB family. (1071 aa)
ctaCCytochrome caa3 oxidase (subunit II); Subunits I and II form the functional core of the enzyme complex. Electrons originating in cytochrome c are transferred via heme a and Cu(A) to the binuclear center formed by heme a3 and Cu(B). (356 aa)
pycAPyruvate carboxylase; Catalyzes a 2-step reaction, involving the ATP-dependent carboxylation of the covalently attached biotin in the first step and the transfer of the carboxyl group to pyruvate in the second, leading to oxaloacetate production. Fulfills an anaplerotic function in B.subtilis as it is necessary for growth on glucose, but is not required for sporulation. (1148 aa)
pdhDDihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase; Catalyzes the oxidation of dihydrolipoamide to lipoamide; Belongs to the class-I pyridine nucleotide-disulfide oxidoreductase family. (470 aa)
pdhAPyruvate dehydrogenase (E1 alpha subunit); The pyruvate dehydrogenase complex catalyzes the overall conversion of pyruvate to acetyl-CoA and CO(2). It contains multiple copies of three enzymatic components: pyruvate dehydrogenase (E1), dihydrolipoamide acetyltransferase (E2) and lipoamide dehydrogenase (E3). (371 aa)
yknTHypothetical protein; Evidence 5: No homology to any previously reported sequences; PubMedId: 15383836, 15743949. (321 aa)
ndhNADH dehydrogenase; Evidence 1a: Function experimentally demonstrated in the studied strain; Product type e: enzyme; Belongs to the NADH dehydrogenase family. (392 aa)
argFOrnithine carbamoyltransferase; Reversibly catalyzes the transfer of the carbamoyl group from carbamoyl phosphate (CP) to the N(epsilon) atom of ornithine (ORN) to produce L-citrulline; Belongs to the aspartate/ornithine carbamoyltransferase superfamily. OTCase family. (319 aa)
srtNSirtuin NAD-dependent deacetylase; NAD-dependent protein deacetylase which modulates the activities of several enzymes which are inactive in their acetylated form; Belongs to the sirtuin family. Class U subfamily. (247 aa)
spoVRInvolved in spore cortex synthesis (stage V sporulation); Appears to be involved in spore cortex formation. (468 aa)
gatCglutamyl-tRNA(Gln) amidotransferase (subunit C); Allows the formation of correctly charged Asn-tRNA(Asn) or Gln-tRNA(Gln) through the transamidation of misacylated Asp-tRNA(Asn) or Glu-tRNA(Gln) in organisms which lack either or both of asparaginyl- tRNA or glutaminyl-tRNA synthetases. The reaction takes place in the presence of glutamine and ATP through an activated phospho-Asp- tRNA(Asn) or phospho-Glu-tRNA(Gln) (By similarity); Belongs to the GatC family. (96 aa)
purDPhosphoribosylglycinamide synthetase; Evidence 1a: Function experimentally demonstrated in the studied strain; Product type e: enzyme. (422 aa)
purFGlutamine phosphoribosylpyrophosphate amidotransferase; Catalyzes the formation of phosphoribosylamine from phosphoribosylpyrophosphate (PRPP) and glutamine. (476 aa)
purBAdenylosuccinate lyase; Influences the affinity of glutamyl--tRNA ligase for its substrates and increases its thermostability; Belongs to the lyase 1 family. Adenylosuccinate lyase subfamily. (431 aa)
srfABSurfactin synthetase; This protein is a multifunctional enzyme able to activate and polymerize the amino acids Leu, Glu, Asp and Val. Activation sites for these AA consist of individual domains. (3583 aa)
srfAASurfactin synthetase; This protein is a multifunctional enzyme able to activate and polymerize the amino acids Leu, Glu, Asp and Val. Activation sites for these AA consist of individual domains. (3587 aa)
putC1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate dehydrogenase; Important for the use of proline as a sole carbon and energy source or a sole nitrogen source. (515 aa)
rplMRibosomal protein L13; This protein is one of the early assembly proteins of the 50S ribosomal subunit, although it is not seen to bind rRNA by itself. It is important during the early stages of 50S assembly. (145 aa)
rpoARNA polymerase (alpha subunit); DNA-dependent RNA polymerase catalyzes the transcription of DNA into RNA using the four ribonucleoside triphosphates as substrates. (314 aa)
rpsKRibosomal protein S11 (BS11); Located on the platform of the 30S subunit, it bridges several disparate RNA helices of the 16S rRNA. Forms part of the Shine- Dalgarno cleft in the 70S ribosome; Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uS11 family. (131 aa)
rpmDRibosomal protein L30 (BL27); Evidence 2a: Function of homologous gene experimentally demonstrated in an other organism; Product type s: structure. (59 aa)
rpsHRibosomal protein S8 (BS8); One of the primary rRNA binding proteins, it binds directly to 16S rRNA central domain where it helps coordinate assembly of the platform of the 30S subunit; Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uS8 family. (132 aa)
rplERibosomal protein L5 (BL6); This is 1 of the proteins that binds and probably mediates the attachment of the 5S RNA into the large ribosomal subunit, where it forms part of the central protuberance. In the 70S ribosome it contacts protein S13 of the 30S subunit (bridge B1b), connecting the 2 subunits; this bridge is implicated in subunit movement. Contacts the P site tRNA; the 5S rRNA and some of its associated proteins might help stabilize positioning of ribosome-bound tRNAs. (179 aa)
rplNARibosomal protein L14; Binds to 23S rRNA. Forms part of two intersubunit bridges in the 70S ribosome; Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uL14 family. (122 aa)
rplPRibosomal protein L16; Binds 23S rRNA and is also seen to make contacts with the A and possibly P site tRNAs; Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uL16 family. (144 aa)
rpsCRibosomal protein S3 (BS3); Binds the lower part of the 30S subunit head. Binds mRNA in the 70S ribosome, positioning it for translation; Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uS3 family. (218 aa)
rplBRibosomal protein L2 (BL2); One of the primary rRNA binding proteins. Required for association of the 30S and 50S subunits to form the 70S ribosome, for tRNA binding and peptide bond formation. It has been suggested to have peptidyltransferase activity; this is somewhat controversial. Makes several contacts with the 16S rRNA in the 70S ribosome. Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uL2 family. (277 aa)
tufAElongation factor Tu; This protein promotes the GTP-dependent binding of aminoacyl- tRNA to the A-site of ribosomes during protein biosynthesis. (396 aa)
fusAElongation factor G; Catalyzes the GTP-dependent ribosomal translocation step during translation elongation. During this step, the ribosome changes from the pre-translocational (PRE) to the post-translocational (POST) state as the newly formed A-site-bound peptidyl-tRNA and P-site-bound deacylated tRNA move to the P and E sites, respectively. Catalyzes the coordinated movement of the two tRNA molecules, the mRNA and conformational changes in the ribosome (By similarity). (692 aa)
rpsGRibosomal protein S7 (BS7); One of the primary rRNA binding proteins, it binds directly to 16S rRNA where it nucleates assembly of the head domain of the 30S subunit. Is located at the subunit interface close to the decoding center, probably blocks exit of the E-site tRNA; Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uS7 family. (156 aa)
rpoCRNA polymerase (beta' subunit); DNA-dependent RNA polymerase catalyzes the transcription of DNA into RNA using the four ribonucleoside triphosphates as substrates. (1199 aa)
rpoBRNA polymerase (beta subunit); DNA-dependent RNA polymerase catalyzes the transcription of DNA into RNA using the four ribonucleoside triphosphates as substrates. (1193 aa)
rplLRibosomal protein L12 (BL9); Forms part of the ribosomal stalk which helps the ribosome interact with GTP-bound translation factors. Is thus essential for accurate translation. (123 aa)
sigHRNA polymerase sigma-30 factor (sigma(H)); Sigma factors are initiation factors that promote the attachment of RNA polymerase to specific initiation sites and are then released. This sigma factor is involved in the transition to post- exponential phase in the beginning of sporulation. It is also required for transcription of several stationary phase genes. (218 aa)
gltXglutamyl-tRNA synthetase; Catalyzes the attachment of glutamate to tRNA(Glu) in a two- step reaction: glutamate is first activated by ATP to form Glu-AMP and then transferred to the acceptor end of tRNA(Glu). (483 aa)
serSseryl-tRNA synthetase; Catalyzes the attachment of serine to tRNA(Ser). Is also able to aminoacylate tRNA(Sec) with serine, to form the misacylated tRNA L- seryl-tRNA(Sec), which will be further converted into selenocysteinyl- tRNA(Sec). (425 aa)
yybDPutative acetyltransferase; Could catalyze the transfer of an acetyl group from acetyl coenzyme A (AcCoA) to an acceptor substrate and release both CoA and the acetylated product. (147 aa)
hutIImidazolone-5-propionate hydrolase; Evidence 1a: Function experimentally demonstrated in the studied strain; Product type e: enzyme. (421 aa)
ilvKBranched-chain amino acid aminotransferase; Transaminates branched-chain amino acids and ketoglutarate. Belongs to the class-IV pyridoxal-phosphate-dependent aminotransferase family. (363 aa)
ptaPhosphotransacetylase; Evidence 1a: Function experimentally demonstrated in the studied strain; Product type e: enzyme. (323 aa)
argSarginyl-tRNA synthetase; Evidence 1a: Function experimentally demonstrated in the studied strain; Product type e: enzyme. (556 aa)
glyASerine hydroxymethyltransferase; Catalyzes the reversible interconversion of serine and glycine with tetrahydrofolate (THF) serving as the one-carbon carrier. This reaction serves as the major source of one-carbon groups required for the biosynthesis of purines, thymidylate, methionine, and other important biomolecules. Also exhibits THF-independent aldolase activity toward beta-hydroxyamino acids, producing glycine and aldehydes, via a retro-aldol mechanism (By similarity); Belongs to the SHMT family. (415 aa)
lutBComponent of an iron-sulfur oxidase; Is essential for L-lactate degradation and allows cells to grow with lactate as the sole carbon source. Has probably a role as an electron transporter during oxidation of L-lactate. May also allow cells to utilize an alternative carbon source during biofilm formation, since it contributes to the formation of architecturally complex communities when lactate is present. (479 aa)
lutCComponent of an iron-sulfur oxidase; Is essential for L-lactate degradation and allows cells to grow with lactate as the sole carbon source. May also allow cells to utilize an alternative carbon source during biofilm formation, since it contributes to the formation of architecturally complex communities when lactate is present. (240 aa)
gapAGlyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase; Involved in the glycolysis. Catalyzes the oxidative phosphorylation of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (G3P) to 1,3- bisphosphoglycerate (BPG) using the cofactor NAD. The first reaction step involves the formation of a hemiacetal intermediate between G3P and a cysteine residue, and this hemiacetal intermediate is then oxidized to a thioester, with concomitant reduction of NAD to NADH. The reduced NADH is then exchanged with the second NAD, and the thioester is attacked by a nucleophilic inorganic phosphate to produce BPG. (335 aa)
pgkPhosphoglycerate kinase; Evidence 1a: Function experimentally demonstrated in the studied strain; Product type e: enzyme; Belongs to the phosphoglycerate kinase family. (394 aa)
tpiATriose phosphate isomerase; Involved in the gluconeogenesis. Catalyzes stereospecifically the conversion of dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP) to D- glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (G3P); Belongs to the triosephosphate isomerase family. (253 aa)
fumCFumarate hydratase; Involved in the TCA cycle. Catalyzes the stereospecific interconversion of fumarate to L-malate; Belongs to the class-II fumarase/aspartase family. Fumarase subfamily. (462 aa)
yumBPutative NAD-disulfide oxidoreductase; Evidence 3: Function proposed based on presence of conserved amino acid motif, structural feature or limited homology; Product type pe: putative enzyme. (406 aa)
dhbCIsochorismate synthase; Evidence 2a: Function of homologous gene experimentally demonstrated in an other organism; Product type e: enzyme; Belongs to the isochorismate synthase family. (398 aa)
dhbFSiderophore 2,3-dihydroxybenzoate-glycine-threonine trimeric ester bacillibactin synthetase; Specifically adenylates threonine and glycine, and loads them onto their corresponding peptidyl carrier domains. (2378 aa)
pckAPhosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase; Involved in the gluconeogenesis. Catalyzes the conversion of oxaloacetate (OAA) to phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) through direct phosphoryl transfer between the nucleoside triphosphate and OAA. (527 aa)
asnBAsparagine synthetase; Main asparagine synthetase in vegetative cells. (632 aa)
acuCProtein deacetylase; Role in growth and sporulation on acetoin or butanediol. Involved in the breakdown of these compounds used as a carbon source; Belongs to the histone deacetylase family. (387 aa)
acuAProtein acetyltransferase; Part of the acuABC operon, which is possibly involved in the breakdown of acetoin and butanediol. Acts as an acetyltransferase inactivating acetyl-CoA synthetase AcsA via acetylation at a Lys residue. (210 aa)
acsAacetyl-CoA synthetase; Catalyzes the conversion of acetate into acetyl-CoA (AcCoA), an essential intermediate at the junction of anabolic and catabolic pathways. AcsA undergoes a two-step reaction. In the first half reaction, AcsA combines acetate with ATP to form acetyl-adenylate (AcAMP) intermediate. In the second half reaction, it can then transfer the acetyl group from AcAMP to the sulfhydryl group of CoA, forming the product AcCoA (By similarity). Has a role in growth and sporulation on acetate. (572 aa)
rpsDRibosomal protein S4 (BS4); One of the primary rRNA binding proteins, it binds directly to 16S rRNA where it nucleates assembly of the body of the 30S subunit. S4 represses its own expression; it is not know if this is at the level of translation or of mRNA stability; Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uS4 family. (200 aa)
ytcIPutative acyl-coenzyme A synthetase; Evidence 3: Function proposed based on presence of conserved amino acid motif, structural feature or limited homology; Product type pe: putative enzyme; Belongs to the ATP-dependent AMP-binding enzyme family. (529 aa)
Your Current Organism:
Bacillus subtilis 168
NCBI taxonomy Id: 224308
Other names: B. subtilis subsp. subtilis str. 168, Bacillus subtilis subsp. subtilis 168, Bacillus subtilis subsp. subtilis str. 168, Bacillus subtilis subsp. subtilis str. BGSC 1A700
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