Alanine racemase; Catalyzes the interconversion of L-alanine and D-alanine. May also act on other amino acids; Belongs to the alanine racemase family.

Cell wall hydrolase; Probable spore cortex-lytic enzyme involved in the depolymerization of cortex peptidoglycan during germination.

Major cold-shock protein, RNA helicase co-factor, RNA co-chaperone; Binds to the pentamer sequences ATTGG and CCAAT with highest affinity in single-stranded DNA, and also to other sequences. Has greater affinity for ATTGG than CCAAT. Can act as transcriptional activator of cold shock genes by recognizing putative ATTGG-box elements present in promoter regions of genes induced under cold shock conditions.

Cell wall hydrolase; Probable spore cortex-lytic enzyme involved in the depolymerization of cortex peptidoglycan during germination.

N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanine amidase; Cleaves the peptide side chain from the N-acetylmuramic acid residues in peptidoglycan. This is a step in the formation of muramic delta-lactam residues in spore cortex.

Sporulation-specific L-Ala-D-Glu endopeptidase; L-Ala--D-Glu endopeptidase involved in production of single L-alanine side chains from tetrapeptides in the spore cortex peptidoglycan. Therefore, is required for the endospore cortex maturation.

N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanine amidase; Cleaves the peptide side chain from the N-acetylmuramic acid residues in peptidoglycan. This is a step in the formation of muramic delta-lactam residues in spore cortex.

Exported N-acetylmuramic acid deacetylase; Catalyzes the deacetylation of N-acetylmuramic acid (MurNAc) residues in glycan strands of peptidoglycan, leading to the formation of muramic delta-lactam residues in spore cortex, after transpeptidation of deacetylated muramic acid residues. PdaA probably carries out both deacetylation and lactam ring formation and requires the product of CwlD activity on peptidoglycan as a substrate. Is required for germination. Cannot use chitin oligomer (hexa-N- acetylchitohexaose) as a substrate; Belongs to the polysaccharide deacetylase family.

N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanine amidase; Cleaves the peptide side chain from the N-acetylmuramic acid residues in peptidoglycan. This is a step in the formation of muramic delta-lactam residues in spore cortex.

Spore cortex-lytic enzyme; Could be a lytic transglycosylase. Required for spore cortex hydrolysis during germination. Interacts strongly but noncovalently with spore components.

Cell wall hydrolase; Probable spore cortex-lytic enzyme involved in the depolymerization of cortex peptidoglycan during germination.

Alanine racemase; Catalyzes the interconversion of L-alanine and D-alanine. May also act on other amino acids; Belongs to the alanine racemase family.

Cell wall hydrolase; Probable spore cortex-lytic enzyme involved in the depolymerization of cortex peptidoglycan during germination.

Major cold-shock protein, RNA helicase co-factor, RNA co-chaperone; Binds to the pentamer sequences ATTGG and CCAAT with highest affinity in single-stranded DNA, and also to other sequences. Has greater affinity for ATTGG than CCAAT. Can act as transcriptional activator of cold shock genes by recognizing putative ATTGG-box elements present in promoter regions of genes induced under cold shock conditions.

Cell wall hydrolase; Probable spore cortex-lytic enzyme involved in the depolymerization of cortex peptidoglycan during germination.

Sporulation-specific L-Ala-D-Glu endopeptidase; L-Ala--D-Glu endopeptidase involved in production of single L-alanine side chains from tetrapeptides in the spore cortex peptidoglycan. Therefore, is required for the endospore cortex maturation.

Cell wall hydrolase; Probable spore cortex-lytic enzyme involved in the depolymerization of cortex peptidoglycan during germination.

Spore cortex-lytic enzyme; Could be a lytic transglycosylase. Required for spore cortex hydrolysis during germination. Interacts strongly but noncovalently with spore components.

Sporulation-specific L-Ala-D-Glu endopeptidase; L-Ala--D-Glu endopeptidase involved in production of single L-alanine side chains from tetrapeptides in the spore cortex peptidoglycan. Therefore, is required for the endospore cortex maturation.

N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanine amidase; Cleaves the peptide side chain from the N-acetylmuramic acid residues in peptidoglycan. This is a step in the formation of muramic delta-lactam residues in spore cortex.

Sporulation-specific L-Ala-D-Glu endopeptidase; L-Ala--D-Glu endopeptidase involved in production of single L-alanine side chains from tetrapeptides in the spore cortex peptidoglycan. Therefore, is required for the endospore cortex maturation.

Cell wall hydrolase; Probable spore cortex-lytic enzyme involved in the depolymerization of cortex peptidoglycan during germination.

Sporulation-specific L-Ala-D-Glu endopeptidase; L-Ala--D-Glu endopeptidase involved in production of single L-alanine side chains from tetrapeptides in the spore cortex peptidoglycan. Therefore, is required for the endospore cortex maturation.

Spore cortex-lytic enzyme; Could be a lytic transglycosylase. Required for spore cortex hydrolysis during germination. Interacts strongly but noncovalently with spore components.

Exported N-acetylmuramic acid deacetylase; Catalyzes the deacetylation of N-acetylmuramic acid (MurNAc) residues in glycan strands of peptidoglycan, leading to the formation of muramic delta-lactam residues in spore cortex, after transpeptidation of deacetylated muramic acid residues. PdaA probably carries out both deacetylation and lactam ring formation and requires the product of CwlD activity on peptidoglycan as a substrate. Is required for germination. Cannot use chitin oligomer (hexa-N- acetylchitohexaose) as a substrate; Belongs to the polysaccharide deacetylase family.

N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanine amidase; Cleaves the peptide side chain from the N-acetylmuramic acid residues in peptidoglycan. This is a step in the formation of muramic delta-lactam residues in spore cortex.

Exported N-acetylmuramic acid deacetylase; Catalyzes the deacetylation of N-acetylmuramic acid (MurNAc) residues in glycan strands of peptidoglycan, leading to the formation of muramic delta-lactam residues in spore cortex, after transpeptidation of deacetylated muramic acid residues. PdaA probably carries out both deacetylation and lactam ring formation and requires the product of CwlD activity on peptidoglycan as a substrate. Is required for germination. Cannot use chitin oligomer (hexa-N- acetylchitohexaose) as a substrate; Belongs to the polysaccharide deacetylase family.

N-acetylmuramic acid deacetylase; Catalyzes the deacetylation of N-acetylmuramic acid (MurNAc) residues in peptidoglycan, a modification that confers resistance to lysosyme. Is not able to deacetylate N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) residues in peptidoglycan, but can deacylate chitin oligomers such as GlcNAc4 and GlcNAc5. Is essentially not active toward chitosan (partially deacetylated GlcNAc polymer) and has very low activity toward chitin (GlcNAc polymer). Does not deacetylate GlcNAc. In the N-terminal section; belongs to the RsiV family.

Exported N-acetylmuramic acid deacetylase; Catalyzes the deacetylation of N-acetylmuramic acid (MurNAc) residues in glycan strands of peptidoglycan, leading to the formation of muramic delta-lactam residues in spore cortex, after transpeptidation of deacetylated muramic acid residues. PdaA probably carries out both deacetylation and lactam ring formation and requires the product of CwlD activity on peptidoglycan as a substrate. Is required for germination. Cannot use chitin oligomer (hexa-N- acetylchitohexaose) as a substrate; Belongs to the polysaccharide deacetylase family.

Spore cortex-lytic enzyme; Could be a lytic transglycosylase. Required for spore cortex hydrolysis during germination. Interacts strongly but noncovalently with spore components.

Exported N-acetylmuramic acid deacetylase; Catalyzes the deacetylation of N-acetylmuramic acid (MurNAc) residues in glycan strands of peptidoglycan, leading to the formation of muramic delta-lactam residues in spore cortex, after transpeptidation of deacetylated muramic acid residues. PdaA probably carries out both deacetylation and lactam ring formation and requires the product of CwlD activity on peptidoglycan as a substrate. Is required for germination. Cannot use chitin oligomer (hexa-N- acetylchitohexaose) as a substrate; Belongs to the polysaccharide deacetylase family.

Response regulator; May play the central regulatory role in sporulation. It may be an element of the effector pathway responsible for the activation of sporulation genes in response to nutritional stress. Spo0A may act in concert with Spo0H (a sigma factor) to control the expression of some genes that are critical to the sporulation process. Repressor of abrB, activator of the spoIIa operon. Binds the DNA sequence 5'-TGNCGAA-3' (0A box).

N-acetylmuramic acid deacetylase; Catalyzes the deacetylation of N-acetylmuramic acid (MurNAc) residues in peptidoglycan, a modification that confers resistance to lysosyme. Is not able to deacetylate N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) residues in peptidoglycan, but can deacylate chitin oligomers such as GlcNAc4 and GlcNAc5. Is essentially not active toward chitosan (partially deacetylated GlcNAc polymer) and has very low activity toward chitin (GlcNAc polymer). Does not deacetylate GlcNAc. In the N-terminal section; belongs to the RsiV family.

Exported N-acetylmuramic acid deacetylase; Catalyzes the deacetylation of N-acetylmuramic acid (MurNAc) residues in glycan strands of peptidoglycan, leading to the formation of muramic delta-lactam residues in spore cortex, after transpeptidation of deacetylated muramic acid residues. PdaA probably carries out both deacetylation and lactam ring formation and requires the product of CwlD activity on peptidoglycan as a substrate. Is required for germination. Cannot use chitin oligomer (hexa-N- acetylchitohexaose) as a substrate; Belongs to the polysaccharide deacetylase family.

RNA polymerase sporulation-specific sigma factor (sigma-G); Sigma factors are initiation factors that promote the attachment of RNA polymerase to specific initiation sites and are then released. This sigma factor is responsible for the expression of sporulation specific genes in the forespore.

Spore cortex-lytic enzyme; Could be a lytic transglycosylase. Required for spore cortex hydrolysis during germination. Interacts strongly but noncovalently with spore components.

RNA polymerase sporulation-specific sigma factor (sigma-G); Sigma factors are initiation factors that promote the attachment of RNA polymerase to specific initiation sites and are then released. This sigma factor is responsible for the expression of sporulation specific genes in the forespore.

Response regulator; May play the central regulatory role in sporulation. It may be an element of the effector pathway responsible for the activation of sporulation genes in response to nutritional stress. Spo0A may act in concert with Spo0H (a sigma factor) to control the expression of some genes that are critical to the sporulation process. Repressor of abrB, activator of the spoIIa operon. Binds the DNA sequence 5'-TGNCGAA-3' (0A box).

Spore cortex-lytic enzyme; Could be a lytic transglycosylase. Required for spore cortex hydrolysis during germination. Interacts strongly but noncovalently with spore components.

N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanine amidase; Cleaves the peptide side chain from the N-acetylmuramic acid residues in peptidoglycan. This is a step in the formation of muramic delta-lactam residues in spore cortex.