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rapD rapD yaaH yaaH abrB abrB mfd mfd lytF lytF aprE aprE comK comK spo0A spo0A sinR sinR ybdZ ybdZ dhbE dhbE pucF pucF slrR slrR cypX cypX yvmC yvmC hag hag csrA csrA fliW fliW yviE yviE flgL flgL flgK flgK yvyG yvyG flgM flgM yvyF yvyF comFC comFC comFB comFB comFA comFA lytA lytA cydB cydB msmX msmX yxkF yxkF wapA wapA
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splice isoforms or post-translational modifications are collapsed, i.e. each node represents all the proteins produced by a single, protein-coding gene locus.
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query proteins and first shell of interactors
white nodes:
second shell of interactors
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empty nodes:
proteins of unknown 3D structure
filled nodes:
a 3D structure is known or predicted
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Edges represent protein-protein associations
associations are meant to be specific and meaningful, i.e. proteins jointly contribute to a shared function; this does not necessarily mean they are physically binding to each other.
Known Interactions
from curated databases
experimentally determined
Predicted Interactions
gene neighborhood
gene fusions
gene co-occurrence
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textmining
co-expression
protein homology
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rapDResponse regulator aspartate phosphatase; Evidence 1a: Function experimentally demonstrated in the studied strain; Product type r: regulator; Belongs to the RAP family. (354 aa)
yaaHSpore peptidoglycan hydrolase; N-acetylglucosaminidase involved in cortex peptidoglycan degradation during germination. Cleaves only partially degraded spore peptidoglycans. Recognizes muramic acid delta-lactam residues specific to spore peptidoglycans. (427 aa)
abrBTranscriptional regulator for transition state genes; Ambiactive repressor and activator of the transcription of genes expressed during the transition state between vegetative growth and the onset of stationary phase and sporulation. It controls the expression of genes spovG and tycA. AbrB binds to the tycA promoter region at two A- and T-rich sites, it may be the sole repressor of tycA transcription; To B.subtilis Abh and SpoVT. (96 aa)
mfdTranscription-repair coupling factor; Couples transcription and DNA repair by recognizing RNA polymerase (RNAP) stalled at DNA lesions. Mediates ATP-dependent release of RNAP and its truncated transcript from the DNA, and recruitment of nucleotide excision repair machinery to the damaged site; In the N-terminal section; belongs to the UvrB family. (1177 aa)
lytFgamma-D-glutamate-meso-diaminopimelate muropeptidase (major autolysin); Cell wall hydrolase that cleaves gamma-D-glutamate-meso- diaminopimelate bonds in peptidoglycan. LytF is necessary and sufficient for vegetative daughter cell separation, and also seems to play a role in cell autolysis. (488 aa)
aprESerine alkaline protease (subtilisin E); Subtilisin is an extracellular alkaline serine protease, it catalyzes the hydrolysis of proteins and peptide amides; Belongs to the peptidase S8 family. (381 aa)
comKCompetence transcription factor (CTF); A master regulator required for the expression of late competence genes including comC, comE, comG and the bdbDC operon. Receives signals from SrfA, and possibly other regulatory COM genes, and transduces these signals to the late COM genes. Represses transcription of rok. May repress expression of a few genes. (192 aa)
spo0AResponse regulator; May play the central regulatory role in sporulation. It may be an element of the effector pathway responsible for the activation of sporulation genes in response to nutritional stress. Spo0A may act in concert with Spo0H (a sigma factor) to control the expression of some genes that are critical to the sporulation process. Repressor of abrB, activator of the spoIIa operon. Binds the DNA sequence 5'-TGNCGAA-3' (0A box). (267 aa)
sinRMaster regulator of biofilm formation; Negative as well as positive regulator of alternate developmental processes that are induced at the end of vegetative growth in response to nutrient depletion. Binds to the alkaline protease (aprE) gene at two sites. Also acts as a repressor of the key sporulation gene spo0A. Negatively regulates transcription of the eps operon, which is responsible for the biosynthesis of an exopolysaccharide involved in biofilm formation; therefore it could govern the transition between a state in which bacteria swim or swarm and a state in which bacteria assemb [...] (111 aa)
ybdZConserved hypothetical protein; Evidence 4: Homologs of previously reported genes of unknown function; PubMedId: 11112781. (69 aa)
dhbE2,3-dihydroxybenzoate-AMP ligase; Involved in the biosynthesis of the catecholic siderophore bacillibactin. Catalyzes the activation of the carboxylate group of 2,3-dihydroxy-benzoate (DHB), via ATP-dependent PPi exchange reactions, to the acyladenylate. (539 aa)
pucFAllantoate amidohydrolase; Involved in the anaerobic nitrogen utilization via the assimilation of allantoin. Catalyzes specifically the hydrolysis of allantoate to yield CO2, NH3 and S-ureidoglycine, which is unstable and readily undergoes a second deamination by S- ureidoglycine aminohydrolase AllE to yield S-ureidoglycolate and NH3 (By similarity). (412 aa)
slrRTranscriptional regulator of autolysin genes; Represses sigma(D)-dependent flagellar genes and activate the eps and yqxM operons. Repressor activity is regulated by SlrA. Controls the initiation of biofilm formation. (152 aa)
cypXcyclo-L-leucyl-L-leucyl dipeptide oxidase; Involved in the biosynthesis of pulcherrimin, a red extracellular pigment. Catalyzes the oxidation of cyclo(L-Leu-L-Leu) (cLL) to yield pulcherriminic acid which forms pulcherrimin via a nonenzymic reaction with Fe(3+). Substrates with small alkyl groups (cAA, cLG, cLP) exhibit weaker binding to CYP134A1, but substrates with larger hydrophobic side chains bind in a similar regime to cLL. Belongs to the cytochrome P450 family. (405 aa)
yvmCCyclodipeptide synthase; Involved in the biosynthesis of pulcherrimin, a red extracellular pigment. It uses activated amino acids in the form of aminoacyl-tRNAs (aa-tRNAs) as substrates to catalyze the ATP- independent formation of cyclodipeptides which are intermediates in diketopiperazine (DKP) biosynthetic pathways. Catalyzes the formation of cyclo(L-Leu-L-Leu) (cLL) from L-leucyl-tRNA(Leu). Can also incorporate various nonpolar residues, such as L-phenylalanine, L- leucine and methionine, into cyclodipeptides. (248 aa)
hagFlagellin protein; Flagellin is the subunit which polymerizes to form the filaments of bacterial flagella. Assembly into flagella requires FliW. Acts as a homeostatic autoinhibitory regulator to control its own cytoplasmic levels. Partner switching by flagellin between FliW and CsrA provides a flagellar assembly checkpoint to tightly control the timing of flagellin synthesis. Flagellin binds to assembly factor FliW, freeing translation regulator CsrA to repress translation of the flagellin mRNA. When the flagellar hook is assembled flagellin is secreted, depleting intracellular flagell [...] (304 aa)
csrACarbon storage regulator; A translational regulator that binds mRNA to regulate translation initiation and/or mRNA stability. Usually binds in the 5'- UTR at or near the Shine-Dalgarno sequence preventing ribosome-binding, thus repressing translation. Represses expression of flagellin (hag) in a post-transcriptional fashion. Specifically binds to 2 sites in the 5'-UTR of hag mRNA in a cooperative fashion; the second site overlaps the Shine-Dalgarno sequence and prevents 30S ribosomal subunit binding. Mutation of either binding site abolishes CsrA regulation of hag expression. Repressio [...] (74 aa)
fliWAssembly factor of the flagellum; Acts as an anti-CsrA protein, binds CsrA and prevents it from repressing translation of its target genes, one of which is flagellin. Binds to flagellin (hag), which is implicated in polymerization, and participates in the assembly of the flagellum. An antagonist to translational regulator CsrA, it binds CsrA at an allosteric site and non-competitively inhibits CsrA binding to hag RNA. Partner switching by flagellin between FliW and CsrA provides a flagellar assembly checkpoint to tightly control the timing of flagellin synthesis. Flagellin binds to ass [...] (143 aa)
yviEConserved hypothetical protein; Evidence 4: Homologs of previously reported genes of unknown function; PubMedId: 15033535. (191 aa)
flgLFlagellar hook-filament junction; Evidence 2a: Function of homologous gene experimentally demonstrated in an other organism; structure. (298 aa)
flgKFlagellar hook-filament junction; Evidence 2a: Function of homologous gene experimentally demonstrated in an other organism; structure. (507 aa)
yvyGPutative flagellar protein; May be involved in the assembly, structure, or function of the flagellum. May polymerize to form a filamentous structure that is part of the flagellum. (160 aa)
flgMAnti-sigma factor repressor of sigma(D)-dependent transcription; Allows the coupling of early and late flagellar synthesis through the repression of RNA polymerase sigma-D factor-dependent transcription. (88 aa)
yvyFPutative regulator of flagella formation; May be involved in the assembly, structure, or function of the flagellum. May polymerize to form a filamentous structure that is part of the flagellum. (139 aa)
comFCPutative component of the DNA transport apparatus; Involved in transformation (competence for DNA uptake). (229 aa)
comFBConserved hypothetical protein; Evidence 1a: Function experimentally demonstrated in the studied strain; PubMedId: 16009133, 8045879, 8412657. (98 aa)
comFAHelicase competence protein; Involved in transformation (competence for DNA uptake). Required for DNA uptake but not for binding. May provide the driving force for transport of DNA through an aqueous channel. Belongs to the helicase family. (463 aa)
lytAMembrane bound lipoprotein; Possible role in the secretion of LytB and LytC. (102 aa)
cydBCytochrome bb' ubiquinol oxidase (subunit II); Evidence 1a: Function experimentally demonstrated in the studied strain; Product type e: enzyme. (338 aa)
msmXMultiple sugar-binding transporter ATP-binding protein; Part of the ABC transporter complex involved in maltodextrin import (Probable). Is also part of the ABC transporter complex MelEDC- MsmX involved in melibiose, raffinose and stachyose import. Probably responsible for energy coupling to the transport system (Probable). (365 aa)
yxkFPutative transcriptional regulator; Evidence 3: Function proposed based on presence of conserved amino acid motif, structural feature or limited homology; putative regulator. (297 aa)
wapACell wall-associated protein precursor; Toxic component of a toxin-immunity protein module, which functions as a cellular contact-dependent growth inhibition (CDI) system. A site-specific general tRNA nuclease, the C-terminus (residues 2201-2334) removes 2 or 4 nucleotides from the 3' end of at least 4 tRNAs (upon expression in E.coli), possibly endonucleolytically. The nuclease activity is neutralized by expression of the cognate immunity protein WapI from the same strain, but not its homolog from 2 other B.subtilis strains. The C-terminus cannot be expressed on its own in E.coli, how [...] (2334 aa)
Your Current Organism:
Bacillus subtilis 168
NCBI taxonomy Id: 224308
Other names: B. subtilis subsp. subtilis str. 168, Bacillus subtilis subsp. subtilis 168, Bacillus subtilis subsp. subtilis str. 168, Bacillus subtilis subsp. subtilis str. BGSC 1A700
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