Your Input: | |
| | CSA2 | Surface antigen protein 2; Secreted heme-binding protein involved in the utilization of iron from human hemoglobin during hyphal growth. May also play a role in non-hemoglobin iron utilization. The ability to acquire iron from host tissues is a major virulence factor of pathogenic microorganisms. Belongs to the RBT5 family. (147 aa) |
| | BMT6 | Beta-mannosyltransferase 6; Beta-mannosyltransferase involved in cell wall biosynthesis. Required for beta-1,2-mannose transfer on phospholipomannan. Required for proinflammatory response in macrophages through phospholipomannan- induced TNF-alpha production; Belongs to the BMT family. (646 aa) |
| | HGC1 | Hypha-specific G1 cyclin-related protein 1; Hypha-specific G1 cyclin-related protein involved in regulation of morphogenesis and opaque cells filamentous growth, and required for both conventional and pheromone-stimulated biofilm formation. Required to maintain hyphal tip localization of actin and SPA2. Regulates the CDC28 kinase during hyphal growth. The CDC28-HGC1 complex phosphorylates and prevents RGA2 from localizing to hyphal tips, leading to localized CDC42 activation for hyphal extension. The CDC28-HGC1 complex also phosphorylates SEC2 and maintains CDC11 phosphorylation throug [...] (785 aa) |
| | CaO19.6200 | Probable pathogenesis-related protein CaO19.6200; Secreted protein that acts as a virulence factor during infections; Belongs to the CRISP family. (317 aa) |
| | RBT4 | Secreted protein RBT4; Secreted protein that acts as a virulence factor during infections such as in posttraumatic corneal infections. Acts as an important antigen in patients with systemic candidiasis and plays a role in the protection against phagocyte attack. (358 aa) |
| | ATC1 | Cell wall acid trehalase ATC1; Cell wall acid trehalase that catalyzes hydrolysis of the disaccharide trehalose and required for growth on trehalose as carbon source. Plays a role in dimorphic conversion and virulence. (1078 aa) |
| | IFF4 | Cell wall protein IFF4; GPI-anchored cell wall protein involved in cell wall organization, hyphal growth, as well as in host-fungal interaction and virulence. Plays a role in adherence to plastic and to host epithelial cells. Promotes the tissue fungal burden during murine vaginal candidiasis. Increases also susceptibility to neutrophil-mediated killing. Furthermore, contributes to the severity of hematogenously disseminated candidiasis in normal mice, but not in neutropenic mice. (1526 aa) |
| | RTT109 | Histone acetyltransferase RTT109; Required for acetylation of 'Lys-56' of histone H3 (H3K56ac) which occurs in S phase and disappears during G(2)/M phase of the cell cycle and is involved in transcription DNA repair process. Required for efficient pathogenesis in mice suggesting that efficient DNA repair is required for pathogenesis. Plays an important role in the regulation of white-opaque genotoxin induced-switching; Belongs to the RTT109 family. (359 aa) |
| | MKC1 | Mitogen-activated protein kinase MKC1; Serine/threonine protein kinase component of the cell integrity pathway, a signal transduction pathway that plays a role in yeast cell morphogenesis and cell growth. Participates in cell wall construction, azole resistance, and host interaction. Required for the signaling for invasive filamentous growth and biofilm formation, and plays a crucial role in virulence. (509 aa) |
| | PGA26 | Predicted GPI-anchored protein 26; GPI-anchored protein involved in proper cell wall integrity. Does not seem to be directly involved in the synthesis of the cell wall. Required for normal virulence in a mouse model of disseminated candidiasis. (131 aa) |
| | HDA1 | Histone deacetylase HDA1; Responsible for the deacetylation of lysine residues on the N-terminal part of the core histones (H2A, H2B, H3 and H4). Histone deacetylation gives a tag for epigenetic repression and plays an important role in transcriptional regulation, cell cycle progression and developmental events. Histone deacetylases act via the formation of large multiprotein complexes. Deacetylates the YNG2 subunit of NuA4 histone acetyltransferase (HAT) module, leading to the reduction of YNG2 and NuA4 HAT at the promoters of hypha-specific genes. Plays a key role in the regulation o [...] (833 aa) |
| | ALS5 | Agglutinin-like protein 5; Cell surface adhesion protein which mediates both yeast-to- host tissue adherence and yeast aggregation. Plays an important role in the pathogenesis of C.albicans infections. Forms amyloid structures, essential for cell-cell association and cell-substrate adhesion to polystyrene. Belongs to the ALS family. (1347 aa) |
| | ALS1 | Agglutinin-like protein 1; Major cell surface adhesion protein which mediates both yeast-to-host tissue adherence and yeast aggregation. Acts as a downstream effector of the EFG1 regulatory pathway. Required for rapamycin-induced aggregation of C.albicans. Binds glycans and mediates adherence to endothelial and epithelial cells, thereby playing an important role in the pathogenesis of C.albicans infections. (1260 aa) |
| | SAP4 | Candidapepsin-4; Secreted aspartic peptidases (SAPs) are a group of ten acidic hydrolases considered as key virulence factors. These enzymes supply the fungus with nutrient amino acids as well as are able to degrade the selected host's proteins involved in the immune defense. Activates host systemic immunity. During infection, plays an important role in penetration into deeper tissues and interaction with host defense. Moreover, acts toward human hemoglobin though limited proteolysis to generate a variety of antimicrobial hemocidins, enabling to compete with the other microorganisms of [...] (417 aa) |
| | IHD1 | Induced during hyphae development protein 1; GPI-anchored cell wall protein that may be involved in cell wall organization, hyphal growth, as well as in virulence. Belongs to the IHD1 family. (392 aa) |
| | GIT2 | Glycerophosphodiester transporter GIT2; Probable glycerophosphodiester transporter. Does not possess detectable glycerophosphoinositol (GroPIns) transport activity. Might be involved in the uptake of glycerophosphocholine (GroPCho). The expanded ability to utilize GroPIns and GroPCho results from the organism's pathogenic nature and its need to occupy a variety of environments within its host organism. This possibility is buttressed by the fact that GroPIns and GroPCho are present and abundant in human fluids ; Belongs to the major facilitator superfamily. Sugar transporter (TC 2.A.1.1 [...] (534 aa) |
| | GIT4 | Glycerophosphocholine permease GIT4; Glycerophosphodiester transporter that mediates uptake of glycerophosphocholine (GroPCho) with GIT3. Does not possess detectable glycerophosphoinositol (GroPIns) transport activity. The expanded ability to utilize GroPIns and GroPCho results from the organism's pathogenic nature and its need to occupy a variety of environments within its host organism. This possibility is buttressed by the fact that GroPIns and GroPCho are present and abundant in human fluids. (532 aa) |
| | ALS9 | Agglutinin-like protein 9; Cell surface adhesion protein which mediates both yeast-to- host tissue adherence and yeast aggregation. Plays an important role in the pathogenesis of C.albicans infections. Allele ALS9-2 contributes to endothelial cell adhesion, whereas ALS9-1 does not. (1890 aa) |
| | ALS4 | Agglutinin-like protein 4; Cell surface adhesion protein which mediates both yeast-to- host tissue adherence and yeast aggregation. Plays an important role in the pathogenesis of C.albicans infections. (2100 aa) |
| | NAG3 | Major facilitator superfamily multidrug transporter NAG3; MFS transporter involved in N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) uptake. Confers resistance to cycloheximide, 4- nitroquinoline-N-oxide, and 1,10-phenanthroline, and contributes to virulence. Belongs to the major facilitator superfamily. DHA1 family. Polyamines/proton antiporter (TC 2.A.1.2.16) subfamily. (561 aa) |
| | CDC11 | Septin CDC11; Septins are GTPases involved in cytokinesis that assemble early in the cell cycle as a patch at the incipient bud site and form a ring before bud emergence, which transforms into an hour-glass shaped collar of cortical filaments that spans both sides of the mother-bud neck. This collar persists until just before cytokinesis, when it splits into two rings that occupy opposite sides of the neck. The septins at the bud neck serve as a structural scaffold that recruits different components involved in diverse processes at specific stages during the cell cycle. Many proteins b [...] (402 aa) |
| | CSA1 | Cell wall protein 1; Heme-binding protein involved in heme-iron utilization. The ability to acquire iron from host tissues is a major virulence factor of pathogenic microorganisms. Required for biofilm formation. (1018 aa) |
| | DEF1 | Transcriptional regulator DEF1; Transcriptional regulator involved in extension of germ tubes into elongated hyphae and maintenance of filamentous growth. Regulates expression of UME6. Acts in a pathway that regulates maintenance of hyphal growth by repressing hyphal-to-yeast transition and allows dissemination within host epithelial tissues. Dispensable for invasion into both host oral epithelial cells and enterocytes, but required for epithelial damage. (887 aa) |
| | EAP1 | Cell wall adhesin EAP1; Cell wall protein which mediates cell-cell and cell-substrate adhesion. Required for biofilm formation and plays a role in virulence. Belongs to the PGA18 family. (653 aa) |
| | ALO1 | D-arabinono-1,4-lactone oxidase; Belongs to the oxygen-dependent FAD-linked oxidoreductase family. (557 aa) |
| | ALS2 | Agglutinin-like protein 2; Cell surface adhesion protein which mediates both yeast-to- host tissue adherence and yeast aggregation. Plays an important role in the pathogenesis of C.albicans infections. Belongs to the ALS family. (2530 aa) |
| | SAP1 | Candidapepsin-1; Secreted aspartic peptidases (SAPs) are a group of ten acidic hydrolases considered as key virulence factors. These enzymes supply the fungus with nutrient amino acids as well as are able to degrade the selected host's proteins involved in the immune defense. Induces host inflammatory cytokine production in a proteolytic activity-independent way. Plays a role in tissue damage during superficial infection. Moreover, acts toward human hemoglobin though limited proteolysis to generate a variety of antimicrobial hemocidins, enabling to compete with the other microorganisms [...] (391 aa) |
| | SAP3 | Candidapepsin-3; Secreted aspartic peptidases (SAPs) are a group of ten acidic hydrolases considered as key virulence factors. These enzymes supply the fungus with nutrient amino acids as well as are able to degrade the selected host's proteins involved in the immune defense. Induces host inflammatory cytokine production in a proteolytic activity-independent way. Plays a role in tissue damage during superficial infection. Moreover, acts toward human hemoglobin though limited proteolysis to generate a variety of antimicrobial hemocidins, enabling to compete with the other microorganisms [...] (398 aa) |
| | CDC42 | Cell division control protein 42 homolog; Involved in hyphal formation, virulence, morphogenesis; Belongs to the small GTPase superfamily. Rho family. CDC42 subfamily. (191 aa) |
| | TUP1 | Transcriptional repressor TUP1; Represses transcription by RNA polymerase II. Represses genes responsible for initiating filamentous growth such as HWP1, RBT1, RBT2, RBT4, RBT5, RBT7 and WAP1; and this repression is lifted under inducing environmental conditions. Represses also genes which participate in pathogenesis. Crucial component of the response to farnesol. Plays an important role in the regulation of white-opaque switching. (512 aa) |
| | SAP2 | Candidapepsin-2; Secreted aspartic peptidases (SAPs) are a group of ten acidic hydrolases considered as key virulence factors. These enzymes supply the fungus with nutrient amino acids as well as are able to degrade the selected host's proteins involved in the immune defense. Induces host inflammatory cytokine production in a proteolytic activity-independent way. Plays a role in tissue damage during superficial infection. Moreover, acts toward human hemoglobin though limited proteolysis to generate a variety of antimicrobial hemocidins, enabling to compete with the other microorganisms [...] (398 aa) |
| | XOG1 | Glucan 1,3-beta-glucosidase; Major glucan 1,3-beta-glucosidase required for cell wall integrity. Beta-glucanases participate in the metabolism of beta- glucan, the main structural component of the cell wall. Can also function biosynthetically as a transglycosylase. Functions to deliver glucan from the cell to the extracellular matrix. Does not appear to impact cell wall glucan content of biofilm cells, nor is it necessary for filamentation or biofilm formation. Involved in cell-substrate and cell-cell adhesion. Adhesion to host-cell surfaces is the first critical step during mucosal in [...] (438 aa) |
| | SAP5 | Candidapepsin-5; Secreted aspartic peptidases (SAPs) are a group of ten acidic hydrolases considered as key virulence factors. These enzymes supply the fungus with nutrient amino acids as well as are able to degrade the selected host's proteins involved in the immune defense. During infection, plays an important role in penetration into deeper tissues and interaction with host defense. Moreover, acts toward human hemoglobin though limited proteolysis to generate a variety of antimicrobial hemocidins, enabling to compete with the other microorganisms of the same physiological niche usin [...] (418 aa) |
| | HWP1 | Hyphal wall protein 1; Major hyphal cell wall protein which plays a role of adhesin and is required for mating, normal hyphal development, cell-to-cell adhesive functions necessary for biofilm integrity, attachment to host, and virulence. Promotes interactions with host and bacterial molecules, thus leading to effective colonization within polymicrobial communities. Plays a crucial role in gastrointestinal colonization, in mucosal symptomatic and asymptomatic infections, in vaginitis, as well as in lethal oroesophageal candidiasis, caused by the combined action of fungal virulence fact [...] (634 aa) |
| | PRA1 | pH-regulated antigen PRA1; Cell surface protein involved in the host-parasite interaction during candidal infection. With MP65, represents a major component of the biofilm matrix. Sequesters zinc from host tissue and mediates leukocyte adhesion and migration. As a surface protein, binds the two human complement regulators CFH and CFHR1, as well as plasminogen PLG, mediates complement evasion and extra-cellular matrix interaction and/or degradation. As a released protein, enhances complement control in direct vicinity of the yeast and thus generates an additional protective layer which [...] (299 aa) |
| | SIT4 | Serine/threonine-protein phosphatase SIT4; Serine/threonine protein phosphatase which is involved in the dephosphorylation of the large subunit of RNA polymerase II. Is required in late G1 for normal G1 cyclin expression, bud initiation and expression of certain genes that are periodically expressed during late G1 (By similarity). Plays a role during hyphal growth through the regulation of cell wall biogenesis, osmosensing and protein translation. Involved in virulence in a mouse systemic infection model. (314 aa) |
| | ALS3 | Agglutinin-like protein 3; Cell surface adhesion protein which mediates both yeast-to- host tissue adherence and yeast aggregation. Plays an important role in the biofilm formation and pathogenesis of C.albicans infections. Necessary for C.albicans to bind to N-cadherin on endothelial cells and E-cadherin on oral epithelial cells and subsequent endocytosis by these cells. During disseminated infection, mediates initial trafficking to the brain and renal cortex and contributes to fungal persistence in the kidneys. Belongs to the ALS family. (1155 aa) |
| | PGA25 | Probable GPI-anchored adhesin-like protein PGA25; Probable GPI-anchored cell wall protein involved in cell wall organization, hyphal growth, as well as in host-fungal interaction and virulence; Belongs to the HYR1/IFF family. (872 aa) |
| | RVS167 | Regulator of cytoskeleton and endocytosis RVS167; Component of a cytoskeletal structure that is required for the formation of endocytic vesicles at the plasma membrane level. Plays an important role in virulence. (440 aa) |
| | BRG1 | Biofilm regulator 1; Transcription factor required for hyphal growth, biofilm formation, and virulence. Promotes formation of both conventional and pheromone-stimulated biofilms. Binds and recruits HDA1 to promoters of hypha-specific genes in a rapamycin-dependent manner. Involved in the switch between two heritable states, the white and opaque states. These two cell types differ in many characteristics, including cell structure, mating competence, and virulence. Each state is heritable for many generations, and switching between states occurs stochastically at low frequency. (422 aa) |
| | PGA50 | Probable cell wall protein PGA50; Probable GPI-anchored cell wall protein that may be involved in cell wall organization, hyphal growth, as well as in virulence. (309 aa) |
| | UME6 | Transcriptional regulatory protein UME6; Component of the RPD3C(L) histone deacetylase complex (HDAC) responsible for the deacetylation of lysine residues on the N-terminal part of the core histones (H2A, H2B, H3 and H4). Histone deacetylation gives a tag for epigenetic repression and plays an important role in transcriptional regulation, cell cycle progression and developmental events (By similarity). UME6 controls the level and duration of gene expression in the filamentous growth program such as HGC1; and is specifically important for hyphal elongation and germ tube formation. Promo [...] (843 aa) |
| | YHB1 | Flavohemoprotein; Nitric oxide dioxygenase involved in NO detoxification in an aerobic process, termed nitric oxide dioxygenase (NOD) reaction that utilizes O(2) and NAD(P)H to convert NO to nitrate, which protects the fungus from various noxious nitrogen compounds. Therefore, plays a central role in the inducible response to nitrosative stress. Plays a role in virulence since nitric oxide is generated by macrophages of the host immune system. Belongs to the globin family. (398 aa) |
| | SUN41 | Secreted beta-glucosidase SUN41; Cell surface beta-glucosidase involved in cytokinesis, cell wall biogenesis, adhesion to host tissue, and biofilm formation; thus playing an important role in the host-pathogen interaction. Has hydrolytic activity on linear (1->3)-beta-D-glucans such as laminaribiose and other laminarioligosaccharides. Belongs to the SUN family. (418 aa) |
| | EFH1 | Transcriptional regulator EFH1; Transcription factor that regulates filamentous growth through repression of EFG1. Regulates the level of colonizing fungi, favoring commensalism as opposed to candidiasis. (720 aa) |
| | HWP2 | Hyphal wall protein 2; GPI-anchored cell wall protein required for mating efficiency, biofilm formation, adhesion, filamentous growth, and oxidative stress tolerance. Involved in normal disseminated infection in a mouse systemic candidiasis model. (908 aa) |
| | VMA2 | V-type proton ATPase subunit B; Non-catalytic subunit of the peripheral V1 complex of vacuolar ATPase. V-ATPase is responsible for acidifying a variety of intracellular compartments in eukaryotic cells. It is an electrogenic proton pump that generates a proton motive force, inside positive and acidic, in the vacuolar membrane vesicles (By similarity). Plays an important role in resistance to several stresses, as well as in autophagy and virulence; Belongs to the ATPase alpha/beta chains family. (512 aa) |
| | GIT1 | Glycerophosphoinositol permease 1; Glycerophosphodiester transporter that mediates uptake of glycerophosphoinositol (GroPIns) as a source of inositol and phosphate. Does not possess detectable glycerophosphocholine (GroPCho) transport activity. Although no glycerophosphoinositol transport activity occurs in the absence of GIT1, C.albicans is still able to use glycerophosphoinositol as a phosphate source at pH 7.5, albeit slowly. Thus, a second, GIT1-independent, mechanism must exist for utilizing glycerophosphoinositol as a phosphate source at physiological pH. The expanded ability to [...] (519 aa) |
| | APS3 | Clathrin-associated protein AP-3 complex component APS3; Part of the AP-3 complex, an adapter-related complex which is not clathrin-associated. The complex is associated with the Golgi region as well as more peripheral structures. It facilitates the budding of vesicles from the Golgi membrane (By similarity). Involved in vacuolar trafficking and contributes to hyphal growth and pathogenesis. (175 aa) |
| | UPC2 | Sterol uptake control protein 2; Transcription factor involved in the regulation of ergosterol biosynthetic genes such as ERG2 and ERG11 through direct binding to sterol response elements (SREs) in the promoters. Binds also to its own promoter on 2 cis-acting elements to promote autoregulation. Regulates sterol uptake across the plasma membrane. Acts as a major regulator of ascorbic acid-induced response. Plays a role in the triggering of pyroptosis, an inflammasome-mediated programmed cell death pathway in macrophages, allowing macrophages escaping. (712 aa) |
| | FLO8 | Transcriptional regulator of filamentous growth FLO8; Transcription factor which mediates CO(2) sensing. Required for CO(2)-induced white-to-opaque switching, as well as for filamentous growth and virulence. Required for both normoxic and hypoxic biofilm formation. Hypoxic biofilm formation is a major cause of perseverance and antifungal resistance during infections. (792 aa) |
| | CaO19.6688 | Virulence factor CaO19.6688; Virulence factor involved in pathogen-host interaction. Modulates host proinflammatory cytokine interleukin-1 beta (IL1B) expression. (326 aa) |
| | NAG4 | Major facilitator superfamily multidrug transporter NAG4; MFS transporter involved in N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) uptake. Confers resistance to cycloheximide, 4- nitroquinoline-N-oxide, and 1,10-phenanthroline, and contributes to virulence. Belongs to the major facilitator superfamily. DHA1 family. Polyamines/proton antiporter (TC 2.A.1.2.16) subfamily. (581 aa) |
| | ACE2 | Cell wall transcription factor ACE2; Transcription factor involved in the RAM (regulation of ACE2 transcription factor and polarized morphogenesis) signaling network that regulates polarized morphogenesis. Regulates expression of genes involved in cell separation such as CHT3, DSE1, and SCW11; or other cell wall genes such as ASH1, DSE4, PIR1, PRY2, and RME1. Required for regulation of morphogenesis, cell separation, adherence, biofilm formation, invasion, as well as virulence in a mouse model of infection. (783 aa) |
| | HXK1 | N-acetylglucosamine kinase 1; Component of the N-acetylglucosamine catabolic cascade that phosphorylates N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc), and allows the unique ability to utilise GlcNAc as carbon source. Converts GlcNAc to GlcNAc- 6-P. Also able to phosphorylate glucose, glucosamine (GlcN), and mannose. Galactose, fructose, N-acetylmannosamine (ManNAc), mannosamine (ManN), galactosamine (GalN), and N-acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc) are not phosphorylated by HXK1. GlcNAc metabolism is closely associated with virulence and morphogenesis, and is involved in the cell wall synthesis. Acts both as [...] (493 aa) |
| | SAP9 | Candidapepsin-9; Secreted aspartic peptidases (SAPs) are a group of ten acidic hydrolases considered as key virulence factors. These enzymes supply the fungus with nutrient amino acids as well as are able to degrade the selected host's proteins involved in the immune defense. Involved in triggering host polymorphonuclear neutrophils chemotaxis toward germ tubes. Moreover, acts toward human hemoglobin though limited proteolysis to generate a variety of antimicrobial hemocidins, enabling to compete with the other microorganisms of the same physiological niche using the microbicidal pepti [...] (544 aa) |
| | SUV3 | ATP-dependent RNA helicase SUV3, mitochondrial; Required for intron-independent turnover and processing of mitochondrial RNA. It is a key control element in nuclear-mitochondrial interactions (By similarity). Required for embedded hyphal growth, for wild-type respiratory growth, and biofilm development. Required for chlamydospore formation, distinctive morphological feature of the fungal pathogen C.albicans that can be induced to form in oxygen- limited environments and has been reported in clinical specimens. Plays am important role in virulence. (720 aa) |
| | SEF1 | Transcriptional regulatory protein SEF1; Transcription factor which plays an essential role in virulence by activating the transcription of iron uptake genes such as FRE7 in iron-poor environments such as the host bloodstream and internal organs. Promotes commensalism in a mouse model of gastrointestinal infection. (917 aa) |
| | PGA23 | Predicted GPI-anchored protein 23; Probable cell surface protein involved in the process of adhesion and early events of invasion. (282 aa) |
| | PGA22 | Probable GPI-anchored adhesin-like protein PGA22; Putative adhesin which may be involved in cell adhesion and virulence. (169 aa) |
| | RFX1 | Transcriptional regulator RFX1; Transcription factor involved in DNA damage responses, morphogenesis, and virulence. (851 aa) |
| | SAP7 | Candidapepsin-7; Secreted aspartic peptidases (SAPs) are a group of ten acidic hydrolases considered as key virulence factors. These enzymes supply the fungus with nutrient amino acids as well as are able to degrade the selected host's proteins involved in the immune defense. (588 aa) |
| | MAD2 | Spindle assembly checkpoint component MAD2; Central component of the spindle assembly checkpoint which is a feedback control that prevents cells with incompletely assembled spindles from leaving mitosis. Plays a key role in virulence, probably through cell cycle checkpoint functions, especially those monitoring the integrity of DNA and chromosome segregation, which might be required for the pathogen to repair damage caused by host defense. Belongs to the MAD2 family. (214 aa) |
| | CaO19.2336 | Probable pathogenesis-related protein CaO19.2336; Secreted protein that acts as a virulence factor during infections. (202 aa) |
| | ADA2 | Transcriptional adapter 2; Functions as component of the transcription regulatory histone acetylation (HAT) complexes SAGA, SALSA and ADA. SAGA is involved in RNA polymerase II-dependent transcriptional regulation of approximately 10% of yeast genes. At the promoters, SAGA is required for recruitment of the basal transcription machinery. SAGA acetylates nucleosomal histone H3 to some extent (to form H3K9ac, H3K14ac, H3K18ac and H3K23ac). SAGA interacts with DNA via upstream activating sequences (UASs). SALSA, an altered form of SAGA, may be involved in positive transcriptional regulati [...] (445 aa) |
| | EFG1 | Enhanced filamentous growth protein 1; Transcriptional regulator of the switch between 2 heritable states, the white and opaque states. These 2 cell types differ in many characteristics, including cell structure, mating competence, and virulence. Each state is heritable for many generations, and switching between states occurs stochastically, at low frequency. Antagonizes the action of WOR1, WOR2 and CZF1, and promotes the white state. In white cells, EFG1 represses WOR1 indirectly through WOR2 to maintain white cell identity. Binds target gene promoters at the EFG1 recognition sequenc [...] (550 aa) |
| | HYR3 | Hyphally regulated cell wall protein 3; GPI-anchored cell wall protein involved in cell wall organization, hyphal growth, as well as in host-fungal interaction and virulence; Belongs to the HYR1/IFF family. (1249 aa) |
| | IFF8 | Cell wall protein IFF7; GPI-anchored cell wall protein involved in cell wall organization, hyphal growth, as well as in host-fungal interaction and virulence; Belongs to the HYR1/IFF family. (714 aa) |
| | IFF6 | Cell wall protein IFF6; GPI-anchored cell wall protein involved in cell wall organization, hyphal growth, as well as in host-fungal interaction and virulence; Belongs to the HYR1/IFF family. (1085 aa) |
| | QDR3 | MFS antiporter QDR3; MFS antiporter that does not display functional linkage as drug transporter and performs functions that significantly affect biofilm development and virulence. No substrate for transport has been identified yet, but plays an important role in the growth in the host. Belongs to the major facilitator superfamily. CAR1 family. (697 aa) |
| | SEC9 | Protein transport protein SEC9; Late secretory t-SNARE protein required for secretion and proper cytokinesis. Plays an important role in the secretion of virulence-associated extracellular enzymes and vesicle-mediated polarized hyphal growth. (530 aa) |
| | MP65 | Cell surface mannoprotein MP65; Surface mannoprotein required for hyphal morphogenesis, surface adherence, and pathogenicity. Contributes in a high proportion to the carbohydrate component of the matrix due to high levels of glycosylation and may play important roles during biofilm development and maintenance. Acts as a major antigen target of host cell-mediated immune response. Induces extensive T-cell proliferation of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Facilitates host dendritic cells maturation and promotes cytokine production through its glycosylated portion while its protei [...] (378 aa) |
| | SSO2 | Protein transport protein SSO2; Late secretory t-SNARE protein required for secretion and proper cytokinesis. Plays an important role in the secretion of virulence-associated extracellular enzymes and vesicle-mediated polarized hyphal growth. (295 aa) |
| | MNN14 | Putative alpha-1,3-mannosyltransferase MNN14; Responsible for addition of the terminal mannose residues to the outer chain of core N-linked polysaccharides and to O-linked mannotriose. Implicated in late Golgi modifications (By similarity). Involved in virulence. (685 aa) |
| | QDR2 | MFS antiporter QDR2; MFS antiporter that does not display functional linkage as drug transporter and performs functions that significantly affect biofilm development and virulence. No substrate for transport has been identified yet, but plays an important role in the growth in the host. (504 aa) |
| | AFT2 | Iron-regulated transcriptional activator AFT2; Transcription factor involved in iron metabolism, oxidative stress, surface adhesion, hyphal development and virulence. Functions as a negative regulator of MRS4 expression through the CACCC AFT-type sequence in a gene dose-dependent fashion. Acts as a repressor in flocculation, plastic adhesion, and surface hydrophobicity. (798 aa) |
| | RBE1 | Repressed by EFG1 protein 1; Cell wall protein involved in cell wall integrity and which plays a role in virulence. (271 aa) |
| | IFF3 | Cell wall protein IFF3; GPI-anchored cell wall protein involved in cell wall organization, hyphal growth, as well as in host-fungal interaction and virulence. (941 aa) |
| | NRG1 | Transcriptional regulator NRG1; Transcriptional repressor that binds NRG1 response elements (NRE) of target promoters. Involved in regulation of chlamydospore formation, hyphal growth, virulence, and stress response. Plays a key role in regulating true hyphal growth, but does not regulate pseudohyphal growth in the same fashion. Directs transcriptional repression of a subset of filament-specific genes such as HWP1, HYR1, ALS8, HWP1, or ECE1; via the TUP1 pathway. Functions with UME6 in a negative feedback loop to control the level and duration of filament- specific gene expression in r [...] (310 aa) |
| | CZF1 | Zinc cluster transcription factor CZF1; Transcriptional regulator of the switch between 2 heritable states, the white and opaque states. These 2 cell types differ in many characteristics, including cell structure, mating competence, and virulence. Each state is heritable for many generations, and switching between states occurs stochastically, at low frequency. Contributes to formation of the opaque state, but is not necessary for heritability of the opaque state. Plays a role in cell adhesion and pseudohyphal growth. Involved in acquisition of drug resistance and acts as a repressor o [...] (385 aa) |
| | RBF1 | Transcription factor RBF1; Transcriptional activator that binds to the RPG box and to telomeres. Involved in the regulation of the transition between yeast and filamentous forms and plays a role in virulence. Induces expression of HWP1, a major hyphal cell protein and virulence factor. Belongs to the RBF1 family. (534 aa) |
| | PGA42 | Probable cell wall protein PGA42; Probable GPI-anchored cell wall protein that may be involved in cell wall organization, hyphal growth, as well as in virulence. Belongs to the IHD1 family. (227 aa) |
| | PGA41 | Probable cell wall protein PGA41; Probable GPI-anchored cell wall protein that may be involved in cell wall organization, hyphal growth, as well as in virulence. Belongs to the IHD1 family. (296 aa) |
| | IFF5 | Cell wall protein IFF5; GPI-anchored cell wall protein involved in cell wall organization, hyphal growth, as well as in host-fungal interaction and virulence; Belongs to the HYR1/IFF family. (1308 aa) |
| | PGA15 | Probable cell wall protein PGA15; Probable GPI-anchored cell wall protein that may be involved in cell wall organization, hyphal growth, as well as in virulence. Belongs to the IHD1 family. (165 aa) |
| | GIT3 | Major glycerophosphoinositol permease GIT3; Glycerophosphodiester transporter that mediates uptake of glycerophosphocholine (GroPCho) with GIT4. GIT3 acts as the major GroPCho permease. Does not possess detectable glycerophosphoinositol (GroPIns) transport activity. The expanded ability to utilize GroPIns and GroPCho results from the organism's pathogenic nature and its need to occupy a variety of environments within its host organism. This possibility is buttressed by the fact that GroPIns and GroPCho are present and abundant in human fluids. (535 aa) |
| | PGA34 | Predicted GPI-anchored protein 34; Predicted GPI-anchored protein which may have a role during host infection. (197 aa) |
| | RFG1 | Repressor of filamentous growth 1; Transcription regulator that functions in both the positive and negative regulation of filamentous growth, depending upon the environmental conditions. Recruits the TUP1/SSN6 general repression complex to achieve repression. Regulates genes encoding cell wall components that are specifically expressed in the filamentous forms such as HWP1, RBT1, HYR1, ECE1, ALS1, RBT4 and RBT5. (600 aa) |
| | SFL1 | Transcription factor SFL1; Transcription factor that plays a role of repressor of filamentous growth and flocculation. Antagonizes functions of SFL2 and FLO8. Plays a role in the hyphal repression induced by secreted factors like dodecanol by competitors such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Burkholderia cenocepacia. (805 aa) |
| | SPT20 | Transcription factor SPT20; Component of the transcription regulatory histone acetylation (HAT) complex SAGA. SAGA is involved in RNA polymerase II-dependent transcriptional regulation of approximately 10% of yeast genes. At the promoters, SAGA is required for recruitment of the basal transcription machinery. It influences RNA polymerase II transcriptional activity through different activities such as TBP interaction and promoter selectivity, interaction with transcription activators, and chromatin modification through histone acetylation and deubiquitination. SAGA acetylates nucleosom [...] (751 aa) |
| | YVC1 | Calcium channel YVC1; Vacuolar calcium channel involved in the release of calcium ions from the vacuole in response to hyperosmotic or alkaline stress. Required for activation of CAP1-related transcription of oxidative stress response (OSR) genes, but also for maintaining the stability of both the mitochondria and the vacuole in a potassium- and calcium- dependent manner. Contributes to pathogenicity. Plays a key role in hyphal polarized growth and re-orientation to host-signals through its contribution to the localization of the Spitzenkoerper to the hyphal tips; Belongs to the transi [...] (675 aa) |
| | ALS6 | Agglutinin-like protein 6; Cell surface adhesion protein which mediates both yeast-to- host tissue adherence and yeast aggregation. Plays an important role in the pathogenesis of C.albicans infections. (1366 aa) |
| | ALS7 | Agglutinin-like protein 7; Cell surface adhesion protein which mediates both yeast-to- host tissue adherence and yeast aggregation. Plays an important role in the pathogenesis of C.albicans infections. Belongs to the ALS family. (1568 aa) |
| | PGA13 | GPI-anchored protein 13; Cell wall protein which contributes to cell wall synthesis and is important for acquiring normal surface properties. Required for virulence in a mouse infection model. (456 aa) |
| | CDG1 | Cysteine dioxygenase CDG1; Cysteine dioxygenase involved in sulfite formation from cysteine. Plays an important role in filamentous growth and virulence. (265 aa) |
| | SSU1 | Sulfite efflux pump SSU1; Sulfite efflux pump required for the secretion of sulfite as a reducing agent (By similarity). Plays a role in resistance to neutrophils during infection. Involved in transition to filamentous growth, which is believed to be central to the virulence of this human pathogen. Belongs to the tellurite-resistance/dicarboxylate transporter (TDT) family. (481 aa) |
| | GAT1 | Transcriptional regulatory protein GAT1; Transcriptional regulator of nitrogen utilization required for nitrogen catabolite repression and utilization of isoleucine, tyrosine and tryptophan as nitrogen sources. Controls expression of the MEP2 ammonium permease, the DUR1,2 urea amidolyase, and the transcription factor STP1, which in turn mediates SAP2 expression, a long-known virulence attribute of C.albicans. Influences the filamentation process depending upon the nitrogen sources available. Required for virulence in a mouse systemic infection model. (688 aa) |
| | CFL1 | Ferric/cupric reductase transmembrane component 1; Ferric reductase responsible for reducing extracellular iron and copper prior to import. Catalyzes the reductive uptake of Fe(3+)- salts and Fe(3+) bound to catecholate or hydroxamate siderophores. Fe(3+) is reduced to Fe(2+), which then dissociates from the siderophore and can be imported by the high-affinity Fe(2+) transport complex in the plasma membrane. Also participates in Cu(2+) reduction and Cu(+) uptake (By similarity). Involved in maintenance of cell wall integrity (CWI), mitochondrial function, and interaction between the pa [...] (760 aa) |
| | OCH1 | Initiation-specific alpha-1,6-mannosyltransferase; Mannosyltransferase involved in outer chain elongation of asparagine-linked oligosaccharides of the type Man(9)GlcNAc(2). Adds the first alpha-1,6-mannose to the Man(8)GlcNAc(2) and Man(9)GlcNAc(2), but not Man(5)GlcNAc(2), endoplasmic reticulum intermediates (By similarity). Represents the first enzymatic event required for synthesis of outer chain mannose linkages on yeast secretory proteins. N-glycan outer chain epitopes play a crucial role in the host-fungal interaction, virulence, and host immune response such as interleukin synth [...] (385 aa) |
| | AHR1 | Adhesion and hyphal regulator 1; Transcription factor that binds the promoters of genes involved in biofilm formation, which include several key adhesion genes, and recruits MCM1 to these sites. Plays an important role in hyphal growth and virulence. Promotes conversion of opaque cells to white phase, but needs existence of EFG1, a key regulator required for maintenance of the white state. (624 aa) |
| | SUR7 | Protein SUR7; Involved in cell wall, plasma membrane, and cytoskeletal organization. Plays a role in endocytosis and hyphal morphogenesis. Required to restrict septin proteins to the bud neck and prevents intracellular growth of cell wall. Contributes to secretion, biofilm formation, and macrophage killing. Essential for resistance to stressful conditions and for invasive growth and virulence. Belongs to the SUR7 family. (270 aa) |
| | BUD2 | GTPase activating protein BUD2; GTPase activating protein (GAP) for RSR1 which is involved in the polarization of yeast and hyphal cells. Directs the site of new daughter cell growth in yeast and hyphal cells. Important for hyphae to maintain linear growth and necessary for hyphal responses to directional cues in the environment (tropisms). Required for correct localization of the septin rings and stabilization of the polarisome at hyphal tips. Involved in cell adhesion. (1237 aa) |
| | NIK1 | Histidine protein kinase NIK1; Histidine kinase involved in a two-component signaling pathway that regulates cell wall mannan biosynthesis. Required for hyphal formation and virulence. Plays a role in fungicides sensitivity, probably through the positive regulation of the HOG1-signaling pathway. Presumed to mediate phosphotransfer to the HOG1 MAP kinase pathway during oxidative and perhaps osmotic stress. (1081 aa) |
| | PGA28 | Probable GPI-anchored adhesin-like protein PGA28; Putative adhesin which is involved in cell adhesion and virulence (By similarity). Plays a role in Candida-bacterial interactions and subsequent regulation of filamentation. (226 aa) |
| | RBR3 | Cell wall protein RBR3; GPI-anchored cell wall protein involved in cell wall organization, hyphal growth, as well as in host-fungal interaction and virulence; Belongs to the HYR1/IFF family. (1562 aa) |
| | ASH1 | Transcriptional regulatory protein ASH1; Component of the RPD3C(L) histone deacetylase complex (HDAC). Responsible for the deacetylation of lysine residues on the N-terminal part of the core histones (H2A, H2B, H3 and H4). Histone deacetylation gives a tag for epigenetic repression and plays an important role in transcriptional regulation, cell cycle progression and developmental events (By similarity). Controls filamentous growth and required for full virulence in a mouse model of disseminated candidiasis. (449 aa) |
| | RHD3 | Cell wall protein RHD3; Component of the cell wall involved in virulence. Does not seem to have a major role in maintaining cell wall integrity but plays a role in the relationship between C.albicans and the host. Belongs to the SRP1/TIP1 family. (204 aa) |
| | PGA30 | Cell wall protein PGA30; Component of the cell wall involved in virulence which plays a role in the relationship between C.albicans and the host. Belongs to the SRP1/TIP1 family. (277 aa) |
| | PGA31 | Cell wall protein PGA31; Component of the cell wall involved in virulence which plays a role in the relationship between C.albicans and the host (By similarity). Involved in the regulation or assembly of chitin within the cell wall. (293 aa) |
| | SAP10 | Candidapepsin-10; Secreted aspartic peptidases (SAPs) are a group of ten acidic hydrolases considered as key virulence factors. These enzymes supply the fungus with nutrient amino acids as well as are able to degrade the selected host's proteins involved in the immune defense. Required for cell surface integrity and cell separation during budding. (453 aa) |
| | QDR | MFS antiporter QDR1; MFS antiporter that does not display functional linkage as drug transporter and performs functions that significantly affect biofilm development and virulence. No substrate for transport has been identified yet, but plays an important role in the growth in the host. Belongs to the major facilitator superfamily. CAR1 family. (509 aa) |
| | IFF9 | Cell wall protein IFF9; GPI-anchored cell wall protein involved in cell wall organization, hyphal growth, as well as in host-fungal interaction and virulence; Belongs to the HYR1/IFF family. (941 aa) |
| | MLT1 | Multiple drug resistance-associated protein-like transporter 1; Vacuolar multi-drug resistance ABC transporter that may be involved in the transport of bilirubin and glutathione conjugates (By similarity). Plays an important role in virulence. (1606 aa) |
| | IFF11 | Cell wall protein IFF11; GPI-anchored cell wall protein involved in cell wall organization, hyphal growth, as well as in host-fungal interaction and virulence; Belongs to the HYR1/IFF family. (511 aa) |
| | FKH2 | Fork-head transcriptional regulator 2; Transcription factor required for the morphogenesis of true hyphal as well as yeast cells. Contributes to virulence. (687 aa) |
| | HYR4 | Hyphally regulated cell wall protein 4; GPI-anchored cell wall protein involved in cell wall organization, hyphal growth, as well as in host-fungal interaction and virulence; Belongs to the HYR1/IFF family. (1225 aa) |
| | SLN1 | Histidine protein kinase SLN1; Histidine kinase involved in a two-component signaling pathway that regulates cell wall mannan biosynthesis. Part of the bifurcated SLN1-YPD1-SKN7/SSK1 two-component regulatory system, which controls activity of the HOG1 pathway and gene expression in response to oxidative stress and probably also to changes in the osmolarity of the extracellular environment. Plays a role in the regulation of alternative oxidase (AOX) gene family expression. Required for hyphal formation and virulence. (1373 aa) |
| | PGA61 | Probable cell wall protein PGA61; Probable GPI-anchored cell wall protein that may be involved in cell wall organization, hyphal growth, as well as in virulence. (223 aa) |
| | CTA8 | Heat shock transcription factor; DNA-binding protein that specifically binds heat shock promoter elements (HSE) and activates transcription. With HSP90, is required for the modulation of the chaperone levels in response to growth temperature, rather than the activation of acute responses to sudden thermal transitions. Activated during infection and contributes to full virulence. Belongs to the HSF family. (760 aa) |
| | CLA4 | Serine/threonine-protein kinase CLA4; Ser/Thr kinase required for wild-type filamentous growth, chlamydospore formation, and virulence in mouse systemic infection. Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. STE Ser/Thr protein kinase family. STE20 subfamily. (976 aa) |
| | WOR1 | White-opaque regulator 1; Master transcriptional regulator of the switch between 2 heritable states, the white and opaque states. These 2 cell types differ in many characteristics, including cell structure, mating competence, and virulence. Each state is heritable for many generations, and switching between states occurs stochastically, at low frequency. WOR1 Binds the intergenic regions upstream of the genes encoding three additional transcriptional regulators of white-opaque switching, CZF1, EFG1, and WOR2. Phenotypic switching from the white to the opaque phase is a necessary step f [...] (785 aa) |
| | FGR41 | Filamentous growth regulator 41; Putative adhesin which may be involved in cell adhesion and virulence (By similarity). Involved in the regulation of filamentous growth. (250 aa) |
| | TEC1 | Transcription activator TEC1; Transcription factor which regulates genes involved in hyphal development, cell adhesion, biofilm development, and virulence. Plays a role in the formation of 'finger' morphology, a unique multicellular morphology of C.albicans induced by carbon dioxide. Regulates gene expression during intestinal colonization. Required for the expression of the secreted aspartyl proteinases SAP4, SAP5, and SAP6; but also of BCR1, PGA4, and CDC24. Moreover, a positive feedback loop between CDC24 and TEC1 contributes to an increase in active CDC42 at the tip of the germ tub [...] (743 aa) |
| | STP3 | Transcriptional regulator STP3; Transcription factor that activates genes required for degradation of extracellular protein and uptake of peptides such as the secreted aspartyl protease SAP2 or the oligopeptide transporter OPT1. Required for virulence. Synthesized as latent cytoplasmic precursor, which, upon a signal initiated by the plasma membrane SPS amino acid sensor system (including CSY1 and CSH3), becomes proteolytically activated and relocates to the nucleus, where it induces the expression of SPS-sensor-regulated genes. (436 aa) |
| | ARV1 | Protein ARV1; Mediator of sterol homeostasis involved in sterol uptake, trafficking and distribution into membranes. Regulates also the sphingolipid metabolism. Required for growth during anaerobiosis and sterol uptake. Plays a role in pathogenesis. (296 aa) |
| | NCE102 | Non-classical export protein 102; Involved in membrane organization. Involved in a novel pathway of export of proteins that lack a cleavable signal sequence. Non-classical export pathway functions also as an alternative clearance/detoxification pathway to eliminate damaged material, when the basic repair pathway is not sufficient (By similarity). Regulates actin organization and subsequent morphogenesis and pathogenesis. (170 aa) |
| | WOR2 | White-opaque regulator 2; Transcriptional regulator of the switch between 2 heritable states, the white and opaque states. These 2 cell types differ in many characteristics, including cell structure, mating competence, and virulence. Each state is heritable for many generations, and switching between states occurs stochastically, at low frequency. WOR2 is necessary for the stability of the opaque state phenotypic switching from the white to the opaque phase is a necessary step for mating. Plays a role in cell adhesion and pseudohyphal growth. (446 aa) |
| | BGL2 | Glucan 1,3-beta-glucosidase BGL2; Cell wall glucan 1,3-beta-glucosidase involved in cell wall biosynthesis and virulence. Crucial for delivery of beta-1,3-glucan to the biofilm matrix and for accumulation of mature matrix biomass. Plays a role as a major antigen in human systemic candidiasis patients. (308 aa) |
| | RFX2 | RFX-like DNA-binding protein RFX2; Transcriptional repressor which regulates DNA damage responses, morphogenesis, and virulence. Involved in the regulation of filamentous growth through its repression of hyphal-specific genes such as HWP1, ALS3, HYR1, ECE1, and CEK1; Belongs to the RFX family. (1111 aa) |
| | CAS5 | Cell wall integrity transcriptional regulator CAS5; Transcription factor involved in the cell wall damage response. Acts with ADA2 to promote cell wall integrity. Required for expression of numerous cell wall biosynthesis inhibitor caspofungin- responsive genes. Plays a key role in adherence, hyphal development, and virulence. (821 aa) |
| | BNI1 | Formin BNI1; Required for the assembly of F-actin structures, such as actin cables and stress fibers. Nucleates actin filaments. Binds to the barbed end of the actin filament and acts as leaky capper, slowing both polymerization and depolymerization. Protects the growing actin fiber from tight capping proteins and so increases the time of elongation and the total amount of F-actin. May organize microtubules by mediating spindle positioning and movement in the budding process. Required for the maintenance of polarized hyphal growth. BNI1-mediated actin cables are necessary for positioni [...] (1732 aa) |
| | TYE7 | Carbohydrate metabolism regulator TYE7; Key transcriptional regulator of carbohydrate metabolism. Binds the promoter sequences of the glycolytic genes at the CANNTG motif and activates their expression during growth on either fermentable or non-fermentable carbon sources as well as under hypoxic growth conditions. Complete glycolytic activation by GAL4 and TYE7 is required for full virulence. Involved in biofilm formation and negatively regulates hyphal formation under hypoxia. Controls also the expression of the copper transport protein CTR1. (269 aa) |
| | STP2 | Transcriptional regulator STP2; Transcription factor involved in the regulation of gene expression in response to extracellular amino acid levels. Synthesized as latent cytoplasmic precursor, which, upon a signal initiated by the plasma membrane SPS amino acid sensor system (including CSY1 and CSH3), becomes proteolytically activated and relocates to the nucleus, where it induces the expression of SPS-sensor-regulated genes. Required for efficient alkalinization through the release of ammonia from the cells produced during the breakdown of amino acids, and subsequent switch to the hyph [...] (584 aa) |
| | HYR1 | Hyphally regulated cell wall protein 1; GPI-anchored hyphal cell wall protein required for hyphal growth and virulence. Involved in innate immune cell evasion through confering resistance to neutrophil killing. Binds kininogen, the proteinaceous kinin precursor, and contributes to trigger the kinin- forming cascade on the cell surface. Production of kinins is often involved in the human host defense against microbial infections. Belongs to the HYR1/IFF family. (919 aa) |
| | SSK1 | Oxidative stress response two-component system protein SSK1; Final receptor of the SLN1-YPD1-SSK1 two-component regulatory system, which controls activity of the HOG1 pathway in response to oxidative stress and probably also to the osmolarity of the extracellular environment. Involved in cell wall biosynthesis, hyphal growth, and virulence. Regulates the expression of CHK1, as well as of a subset of genes whose functions are associated with cell wall biosynthesis and adaptation to oxidative stress. Provides at least partial adaptive functions for the survival following encounter with h [...] (674 aa) |
| | YBP1 | CAP1-binding-protein; Involved in oxidative stress response and redox homeostasis. Required for hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidation and nuclear localization (activation) of CAP1. Functions probably in concert with GPX3, the actual CAP1 modifying enzyme; Belongs to the YBP1 family. (643 aa) |
| | SSD1 | Virulence protein SSD1; Plays a role in resistance to host antimicrobial peptides such as protamine, RP-1, or human beta-defensin-2; allowing colonization of human tissues. Required for resistance to membrane permeabilization and maintenance of mitochondrial membrane potential upon exposure to RP-1. (1274 aa) |
| | CRH12 | Extracellular glycosidase CRH12; Extracellular glycosidase which plays an important role in fungal pathogenesis. Involved in cell wall assembly and regeneration, filamentation, and adherence to host cells. (504 aa) |
| | SFL2 | Transcription factor SFL2; Transcription factor that plays a role of activator of filamentous growth and which is involved in invasive growth at a high temperature. Required for human oral epithelium colonization and damage. Promotes filamentous growth in EFG1- and FLO8-dependent manners. Antagonizes functions of SFL1. Belongs to the HSF family. (714 aa) |
| | PGA4 | 1,3-beta-glucanosyltransferase PGA4; Splits internally a 1,3-beta-glucan molecule and transfers the newly generated reducing end (the donor) to the non-reducing end of another 1,3-beta-glucan molecule (the acceptor) forming a 1,3-beta linkage, resulting in the elongation of 1,3-beta-glucan chains in the cell wall. Involved in cell wall biosynthesis and morphogenesis. Plays a key role in virulence. (451 aa) |
| | CAP1 | AP-1-like transcription factor CAP1; Transcription activator involved in multidrug resistance, oxidative stress response, and redox homeostasis. Preferentially binds to promoters with the core binding site 5'-TTA[CG]TAA-3'. Involved in the oxidative stress response in via multiple pathways, including the cellular antioxidant defense system, carbohydrate metabolism and energy metabolism, protein degradation, ATP-dependent RNA helicase, and resistance pathways. The ability of the major systemic fungal pathogen of humans to sense and respond to reactive oxygen species, such as H(2)O(2) ge [...] (499 aa) |
| | UTR2 | Extracellular glycosidase UTR2; Extracellular glycosidase which plays an important role in fungal pathogenesis. Involved in cell wall assembly and regeneration, filamentation, and adherence to host cells. Plays a role of cell surface antigen in acute candidemia patients. (470 aa) |
| | TFP1 | V-type proton ATPase catalytic subunit A; Catalytic subunit of the peripheral V1 complex of vacuolar ATPase. V-ATPase (vacuolar ATPase) is responsible for acidifying a variety of intracellular compartments in eukaryotic cells. It is an electrogenic proton pump that generates a proton motive force of 180 mV, inside positive and acidic, in the vacuolar membrane vesicles. Mediates oxidative stress response, filamentous growth, and plays an important role in virulence; Belongs to the ATPase alpha/beta chains family. (617 aa) |
| | IRO1 | Transcription factor IRO1; Transcription factor involved in iron utilization and virulence. (596 aa) |
| | NCE103 | Carbonic anhydrase; Catalyzes the reversible hydration of CO(2) to H(2)CO(3). The main role may be to provide inorganic carbon for the bicarbonate- dependent carboxylation reactions catalyzed by pyruvate carboxylase, acetyl-CoA carboxylase and carbamoyl-phosphate synthetase. Involved in protection against oxidative damage. Acts as a CO(2) chemosensor and induces CO(2)-mediated filamentation. Essential for pathological growth in niches where sufficient CO(2) is not supplied by the host. Necessary for white-to-opaque switching at low CO(2) concentrations. (281 aa) |
| | HSP21 | Small heat shock protein 21; Heat shock protein required for pathogenicity. Mediates thermotolerance and adaptation to oxidative stress and ethanol-induced stress. Required for invasive growth and filament formation under various filament inducing conditions. Plays a role in the capacity of damaging human-derived endothelial and oral epithelial cells during infection. Potentiates resistance to antifungal drugs, as well as resistance to killing by human neutrophils. Plays a major role in trehalose homeostasis in response to elevated temperatures. Regulates CEK1 activation by phosphoryla [...] (189 aa) |
| | SCH9 | Serine/threonine-protein kinase SCH9; Protein kinase that is part of growth control pathway which is at least partially redundant with the cAMP pathway (By similarity). Plays a role in filamentous growth and virulence. Prevents hypha formation specifically under hypoxia at high CO(2) levels. Required for chlamydospore formation, distinctive morphological feature of the fungal pathogen C.albicans that can be induced to form in oxygen- limited environments and has been reported in clinical specimens. (787 aa) |
| | PGA16 | Virulence factor PGA16; Cell surface GPI-anchored protein required for virulence. Mediates hyphal ramification which is important for the interaction with host cells. (107 aa) |
| | PGA17 | Predicted GPI-anchored protein 17; Predicted GPI-anchored protein which may have a role during host infection. (557 aa) |
| | CHK1 | Histidine protein kinase 1; Histidine kinase involved in a two-component signaling pathway that regulates cell wall mannan and glucan biosynthesis. Regulates quorum sensing as well as hyphal formation, biofilm formation, chlamidospore formation, and virulence. Plays a prominent role in phagocyte activation. Involved in the covering of the most potent proinflammatory cell wall molecules, the beta-glucans, underneath a dense mannan layer, so that the pathogen becomes partly invisible for immune cells such as phagocytes. (2471 aa) |
| | HSL1 | Serine/threonine-protein kinase HSL1; Protein kinase involved in determination of morphology during the cell cycle of both yeast-form and hyphal cells via regulation of SWE1 and CDC28. Regulates pseudohypha formation, but is not required for septin ring organization or septum formation. Plays an essential role in virulence in a mouse model; Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. CAMK Ser/Thr protein kinase family. NIM1 subfamily. (1462 aa) |
| | VPS4 | Vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 4; Pre-vacuolar protein sorting protein involved in the transport of biosynthetic membrane proteins from the prevacuolar/endosomal compartment to the vacuole. Required for multivesicular body (MVB) protein sorting. Catalyzes the ATP-dependent dissociation of class E VPS proteins from endosomal membranes, such as the disassembly of the ESCRT-III complex. Required for extracellular secretion of the secreted aspartyl proteases SAP2, SAP4, SAP5, and SAP6. Its regulation of the pre-vacuolar secretory pathway is critical for virulence. (439 aa) |
| | MCM1 | Transcription factor of morphogenesis MCM1; Transcription factor that is recruited by AHR1 to the promoters of genes involved in biofilm formation, which include several key adhesion genes. Plays an important role in cell adhesion, hyphal growth and virulence. Implicated in the regulation of opaque-phase- specific gene expression. (262 aa) |
| | DFI1 | Cell-surface associated glycoprotein DFI1; Cell-surface associated glycoprotein that acts as a plasma membrane receptor-type protein which senses the presence of matrix. Binds to calmodulin in response to environmental conditions and initiates a signaling cascade that activates CEK1, thus promoting invasive filamentation. Involved in the maintenance of the cell wall. (337 aa) |
| | RVS161 | Regulator of cytoskeleton and endocytosis RVS161; Component of a cytoskeletal structure that is required for the formation of endocytic vesicles at the plasma membrane level. Plays an important role in virulence. (264 aa) |
| | CRH11 | Extracellular glycosidase CRH11; Extracellular glycosidase which plays an important role in fungal pathogenesis. Involved in cell wall assembly and regeneration, filamentation, and adherence to host cells. (453 aa) |
| | SAP8 | Candidapepsin-8; Secreted aspartic peptidases (SAPs) are a group of ten acidic hydrolases considered as key virulence factors. These enzymes supply the fungus with nutrient amino acids as well as are able to degrade the selected host's proteins involved in the immune defense. Serves as a major regulator of MSB2-processing which activates CEK1 MAPK-signaling affecting biofilm formation and oropharyngeal candidiasis. Moreover, acts toward human hemoglobin though limited proteolysis to generate a variety of antimicrobial hemocidins, enabling to compete with the other microorganisms of the [...] (405 aa) |
| | PGA18 | Probable GPI-anchored adhesin-like protein PGA18; Cell wall protein which mediates cell-cell and cell-substrate adhesion. Required for biofilm formation and plays a role in virulence (By similarity); Belongs to the PGA18 family. (753 aa) |
| | MDS3 | Negative regulator of sporulation MDS3; Negatively regulates early sporulation-specific genes (By similarity). TOR signaling pathway component that contributes to morphogenesis as a regulator of this key morphogenetic pathway. Required for growth and hyphal formation at pH 9, for full virulence in a mouse model of systemic infection and for biofilm formation. Involved in chlamydospore formation, distinctive morphological feature of the fungal pathogen C.albicans that can be induced to form in oxygen- limited environments and has been reported in clinical specimens. (1383 aa) |
| | BMT1 | Beta-mannosyltransferase 1; Beta-mannosyltransferase involved in cell wall biosynthesis. Required for addition of the first beta-mannose residue to acid-stable fraction of cell wall phosphopeptidomannan. Plays a key role in reducing host inflammatory response. (684 aa) |
| | PGA32 | Probable GPI-anchored adhesin-like protein PGA32; Putative adhesin which is involved in cell adhesion and virulence. (430 aa) |
| | PMT2 | Dolichyl-phosphate-mannose--protein mannosyltransferase 2; Protein mannosyltransferase (PMT) involved in hyphal growth and drug sensitivity. Transfers mannose from Dol-P-mannose to Ser or Thr residues on proteins. PMT1, PMT2 and PMT4 account for most of the protein-O-glycosylation activity, while PMT5 and PMT6 may specifically modulate a much narrower spectrum of target proteins. Essential protein that plays an important role in virulence. Belongs to the glycosyltransferase 39 family. (769 aa) |
| | PGA19 | Predicted GPI-anchored protein 19; Predicted GPI-anchored protein which may have a role during host infection. (229 aa) |
| | SOD5 | Cell surface Cu-only superoxide dismutase 5; Superoxide dismutases serve to convert damaging superoxide radicals, a key form of ROS, to less damaging hydrogen peroxide that can be converted into water by catalase action. Degrades host-derived reactive oxygen species to escape innate immune surveillance. Involved in the occurrence of miconazole-tolerant persisters in biofilms. Persisters are cells that survive high doses of an antimicrobial agent. The unusual attributes of SOD5-like fungal proteins, including the absence of zinc and an open active site that readily captures extracellula [...] (228 aa) |
| | SOD4 | Cell surface superoxide dismutase [Cu-Zn] 4; Superoxide dismutases serve to convert damaging superoxide radicals, a key form of ROS, to less damaging hydrogen peroxide that can be converted into water by catalase action. Degrades host-derived reactive oxygen species to escape innate immune surveillance. Involved in the occurrence of miconazole-tolerant persisters in biofilms. Persisters are cells that survive high doses of an antimicrobial agent. (232 aa) |
| | SOD6 | Cell surface superoxide dismutase [Cu-Zn] 6; Superoxide dismutases serve to convert damaging superoxide radicals, a key form of ROS, to less damaging hydrogen peroxide that can be converted into water by catalase action. May be involved protection against extracellular stress. (316 aa) |
| | PGA1 | Predicted GPI-anchored protein 1; Plays a role in cell wall stability and rigidity. Required for normal adhesion to host cells and for adherence during biofilm formation. Necessary for proper oxidative stress response. (132 aa) |
| | SAP6 | Candidapepsin-6; Secreted aspartic peptidases (SAPs) are a group of ten acidic hydrolases considered as key virulence factors. These enzymes supply the fungus with nutrient amino acids as well as are able to degrade the selected host's proteins involved in the immune defense. During infection, plays an important role in penetration into deeper tissues and interaction with host defense. Activates host systemic immunity and induces host inflammatory cytokine production in a proteolytic activity-independent way. Contributes to corneal pathogenicity. Moreover, acts toward human hemoglobin [...] (418 aa) |
