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RFG1 RFG1 PKH2 PKH2 MDH1-3 MDH1-3 MET4 MET4 FUM11 FUM11 WOR3 WOR3 HGT19 HGT19 IHD1 IHD1 ALS1 ALS1 LSC1 LSC1 RCA1 RCA1 NDT80 NDT80 PRO2 PRO2 PGA62 PGA62 GRX3 GRX3 CUP9 CUP9 SCH9 SCH9 NCE103 NCE103 POX1-3 POX1-3 SDH4 SDH4 SFL2 SFL2 MCU1 MCU1 MDH1-1 MDH1-1 WOR2 WOR2 TEC1 TEC1 TPK1 TPK1 MLS1 MLS1 ADE2 ADE2 ATP8 ATP8 ATP6 ATP6 IFE1 IFE1 SAM4 SAM4 PDE2 PDE2 HGT1 HGT1 CDR4 CDR4 IRA2 IRA2 FAD3 FAD3 HGT8 HGT8 ARO3 ARO3 ERG10 ERG10 IDP1 IDP1 TPK2 TPK2 KGD1 KGD1 FUM12 FUM12 ZCF27 ZCF27 PYC2 PYC2 IMG2 IMG2 PEX11 PEX11 LEU2 LEU2 ACB1 ACB1 CYR1 CYR1 CaO19.5128 CaO19.5128 HIS7 HIS7 PCK1 PCK1 ADH5 ADH5 IDP2 IDP2 CIT1 CIT1 IFE2 IFE2 ACO2 ACO2 LSC2 LSC2 KGD2 KGD2 AHA1 AHA1 CHT2 CHT2 SSA2 SSA2 HWP1 HWP1 ACO1 ACO1 ECE1 ECE1 BRG1 BRG1 UME6 UME6 ARO10 ARO10 FDH1 FDH1 SDH2 SDH2 FLO8 FLO8 ARG4 ARG4 ICL1 ICL1 ACE2 ACE2 CCC1 CCC1 BCR1 BCR1 GPD2 GPD2 ARC18 ARC18 GPX2 GPX2 EFG1 EFG1 RAS1 RAS1 NRG1 NRG1 CZF1 CZF1 SFL1 SFL1
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query proteins and first shell of interactors
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second shell of interactors
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proteins of unknown 3D structure
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a 3D structure is known or predicted
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experimentally determined
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RFG1Repressor of filamentous growth 1; Transcription regulator that functions in both the positive and negative regulation of filamentous growth, depending upon the environmental conditions. Recruits the TUP1/SSN6 general repression complex to achieve repression. Regulates genes encoding cell wall components that are specifically expressed in the filamentous forms such as HWP1, RBT1, HYR1, ECE1, ALS1, RBT4 and RBT5. (600 aa)
PKH2Serine/threonine-protein kinase PKH2; Serine/threonine-protein kinase which is part sphingolipid- mediated signaling pathway that is required for the internalization step of endocytosis by regulating eisosome assembly and organization, and modulating the organization of the plasma membrane. Phosphorylates and activates PKC1. Activates YPK1 and YPK2, 2 components of signaling cascade required for maintenance of cell wall integrity. Required for stress-induced P-body assembly and regulates global mRNA decay at the deadenylation step; Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. AGC Ser/Thr [...] (947 aa)
MDH1-3Malate dehydrogenase. (342 aa)
MET4Met4p. (385 aa)
FUM11Fumarase. (462 aa)
WOR3White-opaque regulator 3; Transcription factor that modulates the white-opaque switch. (641 aa)
HGT19Hgt19p; Belongs to the major facilitator superfamily. Sugar transporter (TC 2.A.1.1) family. (630 aa)
IHD1Induced during hyphae development protein 1; GPI-anchored cell wall protein that may be involved in cell wall organization, hyphal growth, as well as in virulence. Belongs to the IHD1 family. (392 aa)
ALS1Agglutinin-like protein 1; Major cell surface adhesion protein which mediates both yeast-to-host tissue adherence and yeast aggregation. Acts as a downstream effector of the EFG1 regulatory pathway. Required for rapamycin-induced aggregation of C.albicans. Binds glycans and mediates adherence to endothelial and epithelial cells, thereby playing an important role in the pathogenesis of C.albicans infections. (1260 aa)
LSC1Succinate--CoA ligase [ADP-forming] subunit alpha, mitochondrial; Succinyl-CoA synthetase functions in the citric acid cycle (TCA), coupling the hydrolysis of succinyl-CoA to the synthesis of ATP and thus represents the only step of substrate-level phosphorylation in the TCA. The alpha subunit of the enzyme binds the substrates coenzyme A and phosphate, while succinate binding and nucleotide specificity is provided by the beta subunit. (323 aa)
RCA1Rca1p. (283 aa)
NDT80Transcription factor. (504 aa)
PRO2Glutamate-5-semialdehyde dehydrogenase. (446 aa)
PGA62Cell wall protein PGA62; Cell wall protein necessary for cell wall integrity. plays only a minor role in hyphal morphogenesis and is not critical to biofilm formation; Belongs to the HWP1 family. (213 aa)
GRX3Monothiol glutaredoxin. (253 aa)
CUP9Cup9p. (344 aa)
SCH9Serine/threonine-protein kinase SCH9; Protein kinase that is part of growth control pathway which is at least partially redundant with the cAMP pathway (By similarity). Plays a role in filamentous growth and virulence. Prevents hypha formation specifically under hypoxia at high CO(2) levels. Required for chlamydospore formation, distinctive morphological feature of the fungal pathogen C.albicans that can be induced to form in oxygen- limited environments and has been reported in clinical specimens. (787 aa)
NCE103Carbonic anhydrase; Catalyzes the reversible hydration of CO(2) to H(2)CO(3). The main role may be to provide inorganic carbon for the bicarbonate- dependent carboxylation reactions catalyzed by pyruvate carboxylase, acetyl-CoA carboxylase and carbamoyl-phosphate synthetase. Involved in protection against oxidative damage. Acts as a CO(2) chemosensor and induces CO(2)-mediated filamentation. Essential for pathological growth in niches where sufficient CO(2) is not supplied by the host. Necessary for white-to-opaque switching at low CO(2) concentrations. (281 aa)
POX1-3Acyl-coenzyme A oxidase; Belongs to the acyl-CoA oxidase family. (709 aa)
SDH4Succinate dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] cytochrome b small subunit. (164 aa)
SFL2Transcription factor SFL2; Transcription factor that plays a role of activator of filamentous growth and which is involved in invasive growth at a high temperature. Required for human oral epithelium colonization and damage. Promotes filamentous growth in EFG1- and FLO8-dependent manners. Antagonizes functions of SFL1. Belongs to the HSF family. (714 aa)
MCU1Mcu1p. (271 aa)
MDH1-1Malate dehydrogenase. (332 aa)
WOR2White-opaque regulator 2; Transcriptional regulator of the switch between 2 heritable states, the white and opaque states. These 2 cell types differ in many characteristics, including cell structure, mating competence, and virulence. Each state is heritable for many generations, and switching between states occurs stochastically, at low frequency. WOR2 is necessary for the stability of the opaque state phenotypic switching from the white to the opaque phase is a necessary step for mating. Plays a role in cell adhesion and pseudohyphal growth. (446 aa)
TEC1Transcription activator TEC1; Transcription factor which regulates genes involved in hyphal development, cell adhesion, biofilm development, and virulence. Plays a role in the formation of 'finger' morphology, a unique multicellular morphology of C.albicans induced by carbon dioxide. Regulates gene expression during intestinal colonization. Required for the expression of the secreted aspartyl proteinases SAP4, SAP5, and SAP6; but also of BCR1, PGA4, and CDC24. Moreover, a positive feedback loop between CDC24 and TEC1 contributes to an increase in active CDC42 at the tip of the germ tub [...] (743 aa)
TPK1Tpk1p; Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. (405 aa)
MLS1Malate synthase; Belongs to the malate synthase family. (551 aa)
ADE2Phosphoribosylaminoimidazole carboxylase; In the C-terminal section; belongs to the AIR carboxylase family. Class I subfamily. (568 aa)
ATP8ATP synthase protein 8; Mitochondrial membrane ATP synthase (F(1)F(0) ATP synthase or Complex V) produces ATP from ADP in the presence of a proton gradient across the membrane which is generated by electron transport complexes of the respiratory chain. F-type ATPases consist of two structural domains, F(1) - containing the extramembraneous catalytic core and F(0) - containing the membrane proton channel, linked together by a central stalk and a peripheral stalk. During catalysis, ATP synthesis in the catalytic domain of F(1) is coupled via a rotary mechanism of the central stalk subuni [...] (48 aa)
ATP6ATP synthase subunit a; Mitochondrial membrane ATP synthase (F(1)F(0) ATP synthase or Complex V) produces ATP from ADP in the presence of a proton gradient across the membrane which is generated by electron transport complexes of the respiratory chain. F-type ATPases consist of two structural domains, F(1) - containing the extramembraneous catalytic core and F(0) - containing the membrane proton channel, linked together by a central stalk and a peripheral stalk. During catalysis, ATP synthesis in the catalytic domain of F(1) is coupled via a rotary mechanism of the central stalk subuni [...] (246 aa)
IFE1Putative dehydrogenase. (394 aa)
SAM4S-adenosylmethionine-homocysteine S-methyltransferase. (311 aa)
PDE2Phosphodiesterase. (571 aa)
HGT1High-affinity glucose transporter 1; High-affinity glucose transporter. Acts as a multifunctional complement-evasion molecule that causes down-regulation of complement activation by acquisition of human complement factors FH and C4BP. Functions also as a human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) receptor via binding the viral gp160 protein. Modulates hyphae formation. (545 aa)
CDR4Cdr4p; Belongs to the ABC transporter superfamily. (1490 aa)
IRA2Ras GTPase activating protein. (2643 aa)
FAD3Fad3p. (433 aa)
HGT8Hgt8p; Belongs to the major facilitator superfamily. Sugar transporter (TC 2.A.1.1) family. (550 aa)
ARO3Phospho-2-dehydro-3-deoxyheptonate aldolase. (371 aa)
ERG10Acetyl-CoA C-acetyltransferase; Belongs to the thiolase-like superfamily. Thiolase family. (402 aa)
IDP1Isocitrate dehydrogenase [NADP]; Belongs to the isocitrate and isopropylmalate dehydrogenases family. (433 aa)
TPK2cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit; Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. (413 aa)
KGD1Alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase. (996 aa)
FUM12Fum12p. (510 aa)
ZCF27Zcf27p. (1196 aa)
PYC2Pyruvate carboxylase; Catalyzes a 2-step reaction, involving the ATP-dependent carboxylation of the covalently attached biotin in the first step and the transfer of the carboxyl group to pyruvate in the second. (1177 aa)
IMG2Mitochondrial 54S ribosomal protein IMG2. (123 aa)
PEX11Pex11p. (245 aa)
LEU23-isopropylmalate dehydrogenase; Catalyzes the oxidation of 3-carboxy-2-hydroxy-4- methylpentanoate (3-isopropylmalate) to 3-carboxy-4-methyl-2- oxopentanoate. The product decarboxylates to 4-methyl-2 oxopentanoate. (373 aa)
ACB1Long-chain fatty acid transporter. (86 aa)
CYR1Adenylate cyclase. (1690 aa)
CaO19.5128Uncharacterized protein. (397 aa)
HIS7Imidazole glycerol phosphate synthase hisHF; IGPS catalyzes the conversion of PRFAR and glutamine to IGP, AICAR and glutamate. The glutaminase domain produces the ammonia necessary for the cyclase domain to produce IGP and AICAR from PRFAR. The ammonia is channeled to the active site of the cyclase domain. Belongs to the HisA/HisF family. (627 aa)
PCK1Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase. (553 aa)
ADH5Adh5p. (336 aa)
IDP2Isocitrate dehydrogenase [NADP]; Belongs to the isocitrate and isopropylmalate dehydrogenases family. (412 aa)
CIT1Citrate synthase; Belongs to the citrate synthase family. (467 aa)
IFE2Ife2p. (435 aa)
ACO2Aconitate hydratase, mitochondrial; Belongs to the aconitase/IPM isomerase family. (791 aa)
LSC2Succinate--CoA ligase [ADP-forming] subunit beta, mitochondrial; Succinyl-CoA synthetase functions in the citric acid cycle (TCA), coupling the hydrolysis of succinyl-CoA to the synthesis of ATP and thus represents the only step of substrate-level phosphorylation in the TCA. The beta subunit provides nucleotide specificity of the enzyme and binds the substrate succinate, while the binding sites for coenzyme A and phosphate are found in the alpha subunit. (415 aa)
KGD2Alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase. (441 aa)
AHA1Aha1p. (346 aa)
CHT2Chitinase 2; Chitinase involved in the remodeling of chitin in the fungal cell wall. Plays a role in cell separation. (583 aa)
SSA2Heat shock protein SSA2; May play a role in the transport of polypeptides both across the mitochondrial membranes and into the endoplasmic reticulum. (645 aa)
HWP1Hyphal wall protein 1; Major hyphal cell wall protein which plays a role of adhesin and is required for mating, normal hyphal development, cell-to-cell adhesive functions necessary for biofilm integrity, attachment to host, and virulence. Promotes interactions with host and bacterial molecules, thus leading to effective colonization within polymicrobial communities. Plays a crucial role in gastrointestinal colonization, in mucosal symptomatic and asymptomatic infections, in vaginitis, as well as in lethal oroesophageal candidiasis, caused by the combined action of fungal virulence fact [...] (634 aa)
ACO1Aconitate hydratase, mitochondrial; Catalyzes the isomerization of citrate to isocitrate via cis- aconitate, a step in the citric acid cycle; Belongs to the aconitase/IPM isomerase family. (777 aa)
ECE1Extent of cell elongation protein 1; Secreted protein involved in biofilm formation. Further cleaved by KEX2 in 8 similar peptides (ECE1- I to ECE1-VIII). (271 aa)
BRG1Biofilm regulator 1; Transcription factor required for hyphal growth, biofilm formation, and virulence. Promotes formation of both conventional and pheromone-stimulated biofilms. Binds and recruits HDA1 to promoters of hypha-specific genes in a rapamycin-dependent manner. Involved in the switch between two heritable states, the white and opaque states. These two cell types differ in many characteristics, including cell structure, mating competence, and virulence. Each state is heritable for many generations, and switching between states occurs stochastically at low frequency. (422 aa)
UME6Transcriptional regulatory protein UME6; Component of the RPD3C(L) histone deacetylase complex (HDAC) responsible for the deacetylation of lysine residues on the N-terminal part of the core histones (H2A, H2B, H3 and H4). Histone deacetylation gives a tag for epigenetic repression and plays an important role in transcriptional regulation, cell cycle progression and developmental events (By similarity). UME6 controls the level and duration of gene expression in the filamentous growth program such as HGC1; and is specifically important for hyphal elongation and germ tube formation. Promo [...] (843 aa)
ARO10Phenylpyruvate decarboxylase. (629 aa)
FDH1Formate dehydrogenase; Catalyzes the NAD(+)-dependent oxidation of formate to carbon dioxide. Formate oxidation is the final step in the methanol oxidation pathway in methylotrophic microorganisms. Has a role in the detoxification of exogenous formate in non-methylotrophic organisms. Belongs to the D-isomer specific 2-hydroxyacid dehydrogenase family. FDH subfamily. (379 aa)
SDH2Succinate dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur subunit, mitochondrial; Iron-sulfur protein (IP) subunit of succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) that is involved in complex II of the mitochondrial electron transport chain and is responsible for transferring electrons from succinate to ubiquinone (coenzyme Q). (263 aa)
FLO8Transcriptional regulator of filamentous growth FLO8; Transcription factor which mediates CO(2) sensing. Required for CO(2)-induced white-to-opaque switching, as well as for filamentous growth and virulence. Required for both normoxic and hypoxic biofilm formation. Hypoxic biofilm formation is a major cause of perseverance and antifungal resistance during infections. (792 aa)
ARG4Argininosuccinate lyase. (468 aa)
ICL1Isocitrate lyase. (550 aa)
ACE2Cell wall transcription factor ACE2; Transcription factor involved in the RAM (regulation of ACE2 transcription factor and polarized morphogenesis) signaling network that regulates polarized morphogenesis. Regulates expression of genes involved in cell separation such as CHT3, DSE1, and SCW11; or other cell wall genes such as ASH1, DSE4, PIR1, PRY2, and RME1. Required for regulation of morphogenesis, cell separation, adherence, biofilm formation, invasion, as well as virulence in a mouse model of infection. (783 aa)
CCC1Ccc1p. (312 aa)
BCR1Biofilm and cell wall regulator 1; Transcription factor which acts as a master regulator of biofilm formation. Biofilms play an important role in pathogenesis and produce many infections such as oropharyngeal candidiasis or vulvovaginal candidiasis. Controls the expression of genes that govern cell-surface properties such as ALS1, ALS3, HWP1 AND HYR1. Down-stream component of the hyphal regulatory network that couples expression of cell-surface genes to hyphal differentiation. (740 aa)
GPD2Glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase [NAD(+)]. (371 aa)
ARC18Actin-related protein 2/3 complex subunit 3; Functions as component of the Arp2/3 complex which is involved in regulation of actin polymerization and together with an activating nucleation-promoting factor (NPF) mediates the formation of branched actin networks. (182 aa)
GPX2Glutathione peroxidase; Belongs to the glutathione peroxidase family. (163 aa)
EFG1Enhanced filamentous growth protein 1; Transcriptional regulator of the switch between 2 heritable states, the white and opaque states. These 2 cell types differ in many characteristics, including cell structure, mating competence, and virulence. Each state is heritable for many generations, and switching between states occurs stochastically, at low frequency. Antagonizes the action of WOR1, WOR2 and CZF1, and promotes the white state. In white cells, EFG1 represses WOR1 indirectly through WOR2 to maintain white cell identity. Binds target gene promoters at the EFG1 recognition sequenc [...] (550 aa)
RAS1Ras-like protein 1; Required for the regulation of both a MAP kinase signaling pathway and a cAMP signaling pathway. The activation of these pathways contributes to the pathogenicity of the cells through the induction of the morphological transition from the yeast to the polarized filamentous form (By similarity). (290 aa)
NRG1Transcriptional regulator NRG1; Transcriptional repressor that binds NRG1 response elements (NRE) of target promoters. Involved in regulation of chlamydospore formation, hyphal growth, virulence, and stress response. Plays a key role in regulating true hyphal growth, but does not regulate pseudohyphal growth in the same fashion. Directs transcriptional repression of a subset of filament-specific genes such as HWP1, HYR1, ALS8, HWP1, or ECE1; via the TUP1 pathway. Functions with UME6 in a negative feedback loop to control the level and duration of filament- specific gene expression in r [...] (310 aa)
CZF1Zinc cluster transcription factor CZF1; Transcriptional regulator of the switch between 2 heritable states, the white and opaque states. These 2 cell types differ in many characteristics, including cell structure, mating competence, and virulence. Each state is heritable for many generations, and switching between states occurs stochastically, at low frequency. Contributes to formation of the opaque state, but is not necessary for heritability of the opaque state. Plays a role in cell adhesion and pseudohyphal growth. Involved in acquisition of drug resistance and acts as a repressor o [...] (385 aa)
SFL1Transcription factor SFL1; Transcription factor that plays a role of repressor of filamentous growth and flocculation. Antagonizes functions of SFL2 and FLO8. Plays a role in the hyphal repression induced by secreted factors like dodecanol by competitors such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Burkholderia cenocepacia. (805 aa)
Your Current Organism:
Candida albicans
NCBI taxonomy Id: 237561
Other names: C. albicans SC5314, Candida albicans SC5314
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