STRINGSTRING
TPK1 TPK1 WOR1 WOR1 BCY1 BCY1 RIM101 RIM101 TEC1 TEC1 PHO84 PHO84 ROB1 ROB1 ADAEC ADAEC DCK1 DCK1 TPK2 TPK2 CYR1 CYR1 IFU5 IFU5 DEF1 DEF1 EAP1 EAP1 CHT2 CHT2 CDC28 CDC28 CPH1 CPH1 ADF1 ADF1 HWP1 HWP1 ECE1 ECE1 ALS3 ALS3 BRG1 BRG1 UME6 UME6 EFH1 EFH1 FLO8 FLO8 SAP9 SAP9 RBT1 RBT1 BCR1 BCR1 EFG1 EFG1 CZF1 CZF1 CEK1 CEK1 RFG1 RFG1 AHR1 AHR1 CRZ1 CRZ1 BAS1 BAS1 WOR3 WOR3 IHD1 IHD1 ALS1 ALS1 HGC1 HGC1 SAP6 SAP6 NDT80 NDT80 CUP9 CUP9 TYE7 TYE7 WOR2 WOR2
Nodes:
Network nodes represent proteins
splice isoforms or post-translational modifications are collapsed, i.e. each node represents all the proteins produced by a single, protein-coding gene locus.
Node Color
colored nodes:
query proteins and first shell of interactors
white nodes:
second shell of interactors
Node Content
empty nodes:
proteins of unknown 3D structure
filled nodes:
a 3D structure is known or predicted
Edges:
Edges represent protein-protein associations
associations are meant to be specific and meaningful, i.e. proteins jointly contribute to a shared function; this does not necessarily mean they are physically binding to each other.
Known Interactions
from curated databases
experimentally determined
Predicted Interactions
gene neighborhood
gene fusions
gene co-occurrence
Others
textmining
co-expression
protein homology
Your Input:
TPK1Tpk1p; Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. (405 aa)
WOR1White-opaque regulator 1; Master transcriptional regulator of the switch between 2 heritable states, the white and opaque states. These 2 cell types differ in many characteristics, including cell structure, mating competence, and virulence. Each state is heritable for many generations, and switching between states occurs stochastically, at low frequency. WOR1 Binds the intergenic regions upstream of the genes encoding three additional transcriptional regulators of white-opaque switching, CZF1, EFG1, and WOR2. Phenotypic switching from the white to the opaque phase is a necessary step f [...] (785 aa)
BCY1cAMP-dependent protein kinase regulatory subunit. (459 aa)
RIM101pH-response transcription factor pacC/RIM101; Transcription factor that mediates regulation of both acid- and alkaline-expressed genes in response to ambient pH. At alkaline ambient pH, activates transcription of alkaline-expressed genes (including RIM101 itself) and represses transcription of acid- expressed genes. Specifically recognizes and binds the consensus sequence 5'-CCAAGAA-3'. Required for the control of alkaline pH-induced filamentation (dimorphic switch) and virulence. (661 aa)
TEC1Transcription activator TEC1; Transcription factor which regulates genes involved in hyphal development, cell adhesion, biofilm development, and virulence. Plays a role in the formation of 'finger' morphology, a unique multicellular morphology of C.albicans induced by carbon dioxide. Regulates gene expression during intestinal colonization. Required for the expression of the secreted aspartyl proteinases SAP4, SAP5, and SAP6; but also of BCR1, PGA4, and CDC24. Moreover, a positive feedback loop between CDC24 and TEC1 contributes to an increase in active CDC42 at the tip of the germ tub [...] (743 aa)
PHO84Phosphate transporter. (545 aa)
ROB1Rob1p. (991 aa)
ADAECAdaecp. (545 aa)
DCK1Dck1p; Belongs to the DOCK family. (1914 aa)
TPK2cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit; Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. (413 aa)
CYR1Adenylate cyclase. (1690 aa)
IFU5Ifu5p. (236 aa)
DEF1Transcriptional regulator DEF1; Transcriptional regulator involved in extension of germ tubes into elongated hyphae and maintenance of filamentous growth. Regulates expression of UME6. Acts in a pathway that regulates maintenance of hyphal growth by repressing hyphal-to-yeast transition and allows dissemination within host epithelial tissues. Dispensable for invasion into both host oral epithelial cells and enterocytes, but required for epithelial damage. (887 aa)
EAP1Cell wall adhesin EAP1; Cell wall protein which mediates cell-cell and cell-substrate adhesion. Required for biofilm formation and plays a role in virulence. Belongs to the PGA18 family. (653 aa)
CHT2Chitinase 2; Chitinase involved in the remodeling of chitin in the fungal cell wall. Plays a role in cell separation. (583 aa)
CDC28Cyclin-dependent kinase 1; Cyclin-dependent kinase essential for the completion of the start, the controlling event, in the cell cycle. Plays a role in the expression of morphology-related transcription factors, and especially hyphae-specific genes. Binds distinct cyclin subunits as cells progress through the division cycle or flamentous growth. The CDC28-CLB2 complex regulates cytokinesis partly by phosphorylating the actomyosin ring component IQG1. The CDC28-CLN3 complex phosphorylates SLA1 which regulates cortical actin patch dynamics. The CDC28-CCN1 complex phosphorylates CDC11 and [...] (317 aa)
CPH1Transcription factor CPH1; Transcription factor involved in the formation of pseudohyphae and hyphae. It is likely to play a role in the developmental switch between yeast and mycelial forms. May be involved in a signal transduction system, strengthening the possibility of a sexual phase up to now undetected, and similar to that of the yeast mating pathway. (656 aa)
ADF1Adherence factor; Surface antigen mediating adhesion and aggregation in S.cerevisiae. (612 aa)
HWP1Hyphal wall protein 1; Major hyphal cell wall protein which plays a role of adhesin and is required for mating, normal hyphal development, cell-to-cell adhesive functions necessary for biofilm integrity, attachment to host, and virulence. Promotes interactions with host and bacterial molecules, thus leading to effective colonization within polymicrobial communities. Plays a crucial role in gastrointestinal colonization, in mucosal symptomatic and asymptomatic infections, in vaginitis, as well as in lethal oroesophageal candidiasis, caused by the combined action of fungal virulence fact [...] (634 aa)
ECE1Extent of cell elongation protein 1; Secreted protein involved in biofilm formation. Further cleaved by KEX2 in 8 similar peptides (ECE1- I to ECE1-VIII). (271 aa)
ALS3Agglutinin-like protein 3; Cell surface adhesion protein which mediates both yeast-to- host tissue adherence and yeast aggregation. Plays an important role in the biofilm formation and pathogenesis of C.albicans infections. Necessary for C.albicans to bind to N-cadherin on endothelial cells and E-cadherin on oral epithelial cells and subsequent endocytosis by these cells. During disseminated infection, mediates initial trafficking to the brain and renal cortex and contributes to fungal persistence in the kidneys. Belongs to the ALS family. (1155 aa)
BRG1Biofilm regulator 1; Transcription factor required for hyphal growth, biofilm formation, and virulence. Promotes formation of both conventional and pheromone-stimulated biofilms. Binds and recruits HDA1 to promoters of hypha-specific genes in a rapamycin-dependent manner. Involved in the switch between two heritable states, the white and opaque states. These two cell types differ in many characteristics, including cell structure, mating competence, and virulence. Each state is heritable for many generations, and switching between states occurs stochastically at low frequency. (422 aa)
UME6Transcriptional regulatory protein UME6; Component of the RPD3C(L) histone deacetylase complex (HDAC) responsible for the deacetylation of lysine residues on the N-terminal part of the core histones (H2A, H2B, H3 and H4). Histone deacetylation gives a tag for epigenetic repression and plays an important role in transcriptional regulation, cell cycle progression and developmental events (By similarity). UME6 controls the level and duration of gene expression in the filamentous growth program such as HGC1; and is specifically important for hyphal elongation and germ tube formation. Promo [...] (843 aa)
EFH1Transcriptional regulator EFH1; Transcription factor that regulates filamentous growth through repression of EFG1. Regulates the level of colonizing fungi, favoring commensalism as opposed to candidiasis. (720 aa)
FLO8Transcriptional regulator of filamentous growth FLO8; Transcription factor which mediates CO(2) sensing. Required for CO(2)-induced white-to-opaque switching, as well as for filamentous growth and virulence. Required for both normoxic and hypoxic biofilm formation. Hypoxic biofilm formation is a major cause of perseverance and antifungal resistance during infections. (792 aa)
SAP9Candidapepsin-9; Secreted aspartic peptidases (SAPs) are a group of ten acidic hydrolases considered as key virulence factors. These enzymes supply the fungus with nutrient amino acids as well as are able to degrade the selected host's proteins involved in the immune defense. Involved in triggering host polymorphonuclear neutrophils chemotaxis toward germ tubes. Moreover, acts toward human hemoglobin though limited proteolysis to generate a variety of antimicrobial hemocidins, enabling to compete with the other microorganisms of the same physiological niche using the microbicidal pepti [...] (544 aa)
RBT1Cell wall protein RTB1; GPI-anchored cell wall protein required for mating efficiency, biofilm formation, and virulence. Involved in normal disseminated infection, but not in intestinal colonization. (721 aa)
BCR1Biofilm and cell wall regulator 1; Transcription factor which acts as a master regulator of biofilm formation. Biofilms play an important role in pathogenesis and produce many infections such as oropharyngeal candidiasis or vulvovaginal candidiasis. Controls the expression of genes that govern cell-surface properties such as ALS1, ALS3, HWP1 AND HYR1. Down-stream component of the hyphal regulatory network that couples expression of cell-surface genes to hyphal differentiation. (740 aa)
EFG1Enhanced filamentous growth protein 1; Transcriptional regulator of the switch between 2 heritable states, the white and opaque states. These 2 cell types differ in many characteristics, including cell structure, mating competence, and virulence. Each state is heritable for many generations, and switching between states occurs stochastically, at low frequency. Antagonizes the action of WOR1, WOR2 and CZF1, and promotes the white state. In white cells, EFG1 represses WOR1 indirectly through WOR2 to maintain white cell identity. Binds target gene promoters at the EFG1 recognition sequenc [...] (550 aa)
CZF1Zinc cluster transcription factor CZF1; Transcriptional regulator of the switch between 2 heritable states, the white and opaque states. These 2 cell types differ in many characteristics, including cell structure, mating competence, and virulence. Each state is heritable for many generations, and switching between states occurs stochastically, at low frequency. Contributes to formation of the opaque state, but is not necessary for heritability of the opaque state. Plays a role in cell adhesion and pseudohyphal growth. Involved in acquisition of drug resistance and acts as a repressor o [...] (385 aa)
CEK1Extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1. (421 aa)
RFG1Repressor of filamentous growth 1; Transcription regulator that functions in both the positive and negative regulation of filamentous growth, depending upon the environmental conditions. Recruits the TUP1/SSN6 general repression complex to achieve repression. Regulates genes encoding cell wall components that are specifically expressed in the filamentous forms such as HWP1, RBT1, HYR1, ECE1, ALS1, RBT4 and RBT5. (600 aa)
AHR1Adhesion and hyphal regulator 1; Transcription factor that binds the promoters of genes involved in biofilm formation, which include several key adhesion genes, and recruits MCM1 to these sites. Plays an important role in hyphal growth and virulence. Promotes conversion of opaque cells to white phase, but needs existence of EFG1, a key regulator required for maintenance of the white state. (624 aa)
CRZ1Transcriptional regulator CRZ1; Transcription factor involved in the regulation of calcium ion homeostasis and required for the maintenance of membrane integrity. Binds to the calcineurin-dependent response element. Plays a role in azole tolerance. (731 aa)
BAS1Bas1p. (738 aa)
WOR3White-opaque regulator 3; Transcription factor that modulates the white-opaque switch. (641 aa)
IHD1Induced during hyphae development protein 1; GPI-anchored cell wall protein that may be involved in cell wall organization, hyphal growth, as well as in virulence. Belongs to the IHD1 family. (392 aa)
ALS1Agglutinin-like protein 1; Major cell surface adhesion protein which mediates both yeast-to-host tissue adherence and yeast aggregation. Acts as a downstream effector of the EFG1 regulatory pathway. Required for rapamycin-induced aggregation of C.albicans. Binds glycans and mediates adherence to endothelial and epithelial cells, thereby playing an important role in the pathogenesis of C.albicans infections. (1260 aa)
HGC1Hypha-specific G1 cyclin-related protein 1; Hypha-specific G1 cyclin-related protein involved in regulation of morphogenesis and opaque cells filamentous growth, and required for both conventional and pheromone-stimulated biofilm formation. Required to maintain hyphal tip localization of actin and SPA2. Regulates the CDC28 kinase during hyphal growth. The CDC28-HGC1 complex phosphorylates and prevents RGA2 from localizing to hyphal tips, leading to localized CDC42 activation for hyphal extension. The CDC28-HGC1 complex also phosphorylates SEC2 and maintains CDC11 phosphorylation throug [...] (785 aa)
SAP6Candidapepsin-6; Secreted aspartic peptidases (SAPs) are a group of ten acidic hydrolases considered as key virulence factors. These enzymes supply the fungus with nutrient amino acids as well as are able to degrade the selected host's proteins involved in the immune defense. During infection, plays an important role in penetration into deeper tissues and interaction with host defense. Activates host systemic immunity and induces host inflammatory cytokine production in a proteolytic activity-independent way. Contributes to corneal pathogenicity. Moreover, acts toward human hemoglobin [...] (418 aa)
NDT80Transcription factor. (504 aa)
CUP9Cup9p. (344 aa)
TYE7Carbohydrate metabolism regulator TYE7; Key transcriptional regulator of carbohydrate metabolism. Binds the promoter sequences of the glycolytic genes at the CANNTG motif and activates their expression during growth on either fermentable or non-fermentable carbon sources as well as under hypoxic growth conditions. Complete glycolytic activation by GAL4 and TYE7 is required for full virulence. Involved in biofilm formation and negatively regulates hyphal formation under hypoxia. Controls also the expression of the copper transport protein CTR1. (269 aa)
WOR2White-opaque regulator 2; Transcriptional regulator of the switch between 2 heritable states, the white and opaque states. These 2 cell types differ in many characteristics, including cell structure, mating competence, and virulence. Each state is heritable for many generations, and switching between states occurs stochastically, at low frequency. WOR2 is necessary for the stability of the opaque state phenotypic switching from the white to the opaque phase is a necessary step for mating. Plays a role in cell adhesion and pseudohyphal growth. (446 aa)
Your Current Organism:
Candida albicans
NCBI taxonomy Id: 237561
Other names: C. albicans SC5314, Candida albicans SC5314
Server load: low (34%) [HD]
STRING is a Core Data Resource as designated by Global Biodata Coalition and ELIXIR.