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ECM331 | Cell surface GPI-anchored protein ECM33; Cell surface protein required for proper cell wall integrity and for the correct assembly of the mannoprotein outer layer of the cell wall. (413 aa) | ||||
ADH1 | Adh1p. (350 aa) | ||||
HGT13 | Hgt13p; Belongs to the major facilitator superfamily. Sugar transporter (TC 2.A.1.1) family. (552 aa) | ||||
PCK1 | Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase. (553 aa) | ||||
TUP1 | Transcriptional repressor TUP1; Represses transcription by RNA polymerase II. Represses genes responsible for initiating filamentous growth such as HWP1, RBT1, RBT2, RBT4, RBT5, RBT7 and WAP1; and this repression is lifted under inducing environmental conditions. Represses also genes which participate in pathogenesis. Crucial component of the response to farnesol. Plays an important role in the regulation of white-opaque switching. (512 aa) | ||||
XOG1 | Glucan 1,3-beta-glucosidase; Major glucan 1,3-beta-glucosidase required for cell wall integrity. Beta-glucanases participate in the metabolism of beta- glucan, the main structural component of the cell wall. Can also function biosynthetically as a transglycosylase. Functions to deliver glucan from the cell to the extracellular matrix. Does not appear to impact cell wall glucan content of biofilm cells, nor is it necessary for filamentation or biofilm formation. Involved in cell-substrate and cell-cell adhesion. Adhesion to host-cell surfaces is the first critical step during mucosal in [...] (438 aa) | ||||
CHT2 | Chitinase 2; Chitinase involved in the remodeling of chitin in the fungal cell wall. Plays a role in cell separation. (583 aa) | ||||
CDC28 | Cyclin-dependent kinase 1; Cyclin-dependent kinase essential for the completion of the start, the controlling event, in the cell cycle. Plays a role in the expression of morphology-related transcription factors, and especially hyphae-specific genes. Binds distinct cyclin subunits as cells progress through the division cycle or flamentous growth. The CDC28-CLB2 complex regulates cytokinesis partly by phosphorylating the actomyosin ring component IQG1. The CDC28-CLN3 complex phosphorylates SLA1 which regulates cortical actin patch dynamics. The CDC28-CCN1 complex phosphorylates CDC11 and [...] (317 aa) | ||||
SAP5 | Candidapepsin-5; Secreted aspartic peptidases (SAPs) are a group of ten acidic hydrolases considered as key virulence factors. These enzymes supply the fungus with nutrient amino acids as well as are able to degrade the selected host's proteins involved in the immune defense. During infection, plays an important role in penetration into deeper tissues and interaction with host defense. Moreover, acts toward human hemoglobin though limited proteolysis to generate a variety of antimicrobial hemocidins, enabling to compete with the other microorganisms of the same physiological niche usin [...] (418 aa) | ||||
ADF1 | Adherence factor; Surface antigen mediating adhesion and aggregation in S.cerevisiae. (612 aa) | ||||
HWP1 | Hyphal wall protein 1; Major hyphal cell wall protein which plays a role of adhesin and is required for mating, normal hyphal development, cell-to-cell adhesive functions necessary for biofilm integrity, attachment to host, and virulence. Promotes interactions with host and bacterial molecules, thus leading to effective colonization within polymicrobial communities. Plays a crucial role in gastrointestinal colonization, in mucosal symptomatic and asymptomatic infections, in vaginitis, as well as in lethal oroesophageal candidiasis, caused by the combined action of fungal virulence fact [...] (634 aa) | ||||
ECE1 | Extent of cell elongation protein 1; Secreted protein involved in biofilm formation. Further cleaved by KEX2 in 8 similar peptides (ECE1- I to ECE1-VIII). (271 aa) | ||||
ALS3 | Agglutinin-like protein 3; Cell surface adhesion protein which mediates both yeast-to- host tissue adherence and yeast aggregation. Plays an important role in the biofilm formation and pathogenesis of C.albicans infections. Necessary for C.albicans to bind to N-cadherin on endothelial cells and E-cadherin on oral epithelial cells and subsequent endocytosis by these cells. During disseminated infection, mediates initial trafficking to the brain and renal cortex and contributes to fungal persistence in the kidneys. Belongs to the ALS family. (1155 aa) | ||||
BRG1 | Biofilm regulator 1; Transcription factor required for hyphal growth, biofilm formation, and virulence. Promotes formation of both conventional and pheromone-stimulated biofilms. Binds and recruits HDA1 to promoters of hypha-specific genes in a rapamycin-dependent manner. Involved in the switch between two heritable states, the white and opaque states. These two cell types differ in many characteristics, including cell structure, mating competence, and virulence. Each state is heritable for many generations, and switching between states occurs stochastically at low frequency. (422 aa) | ||||
UME6 | Transcriptional regulatory protein UME6; Component of the RPD3C(L) histone deacetylase complex (HDAC) responsible for the deacetylation of lysine residues on the N-terminal part of the core histones (H2A, H2B, H3 and H4). Histone deacetylation gives a tag for epigenetic repression and plays an important role in transcriptional regulation, cell cycle progression and developmental events (By similarity). UME6 controls the level and duration of gene expression in the filamentous growth program such as HGC1; and is specifically important for hyphal elongation and germ tube formation. Promo [...] (843 aa) | ||||
HGT1 | High-affinity glucose transporter 1; High-affinity glucose transporter. Acts as a multifunctional complement-evasion molecule that causes down-regulation of complement activation by acquisition of human complement factors FH and C4BP. Functions also as a human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) receptor via binding the viral gp160 protein. Modulates hyphae formation. (545 aa) | ||||
GLK1 | Phosphotransferase. (472 aa) | ||||
HGT2 | Hgt2p; Belongs to the major facilitator superfamily. Sugar transporter (TC 2.A.1.1) family. (545 aa) | ||||
EFG1 | Enhanced filamentous growth protein 1; Transcriptional regulator of the switch between 2 heritable states, the white and opaque states. These 2 cell types differ in many characteristics, including cell structure, mating competence, and virulence. Each state is heritable for many generations, and switching between states occurs stochastically, at low frequency. Antagonizes the action of WOR1, WOR2 and CZF1, and promotes the white state. In white cells, EFG1 represses WOR1 indirectly through WOR2 to maintain white cell identity. Binds target gene promoters at the EFG1 recognition sequenc [...] (550 aa) | ||||
YWP1 | Yeast-form wall Protein 1; Cell wall protein which plays an anti-adhesive role and promotes dispersal of yeast forms, which allows the organism to seek new sites for colonization. (533 aa) | ||||
ARP3 | Actin-related protein 3; Belongs to the actin family. (419 aa) | ||||
AHR1 | Adhesion and hyphal regulator 1; Transcription factor that binds the promoters of genes involved in biofilm formation, which include several key adhesion genes, and recruits MCM1 to these sites. Plays an important role in hyphal growth and virulence. Promotes conversion of opaque cells to white phase, but needs existence of EFG1, a key regulator required for maintenance of the white state. (624 aa) | ||||
FKH2 | Fork-head transcriptional regulator 2; Transcription factor required for the morphogenesis of true hyphal as well as yeast cells. Contributes to virulence. (687 aa) | ||||
SAP4 | Candidapepsin-4; Secreted aspartic peptidases (SAPs) are a group of ten acidic hydrolases considered as key virulence factors. These enzymes supply the fungus with nutrient amino acids as well as are able to degrade the selected host's proteins involved in the immune defense. Activates host systemic immunity. During infection, plays an important role in penetration into deeper tissues and interaction with host defense. Moreover, acts toward human hemoglobin though limited proteolysis to generate a variety of antimicrobial hemocidins, enabling to compete with the other microorganisms of [...] (417 aa) | ||||
ALS1 | Agglutinin-like protein 1; Major cell surface adhesion protein which mediates both yeast-to-host tissue adherence and yeast aggregation. Acts as a downstream effector of the EFG1 regulatory pathway. Required for rapamycin-induced aggregation of C.albicans. Binds glycans and mediates adherence to endothelial and epithelial cells, thereby playing an important role in the pathogenesis of C.albicans infections. (1260 aa) | ||||
HGC1 | Hypha-specific G1 cyclin-related protein 1; Hypha-specific G1 cyclin-related protein involved in regulation of morphogenesis and opaque cells filamentous growth, and required for both conventional and pheromone-stimulated biofilm formation. Required to maintain hyphal tip localization of actin and SPA2. Regulates the CDC28 kinase during hyphal growth. The CDC28-HGC1 complex phosphorylates and prevents RGA2 from localizing to hyphal tips, leading to localized CDC42 activation for hyphal extension. The CDC28-HGC1 complex also phosphorylates SEC2 and maintains CDC11 phosphorylation throug [...] (785 aa) | ||||
MDR1 | Multidrug resistance protein 1; Plasma membrane multidrug efflux pump that confers resistance to numerous chemicals including azoles such as fluconazole, voriconazole, and benztriazoles, as well as to benomyl, cycloheximide, methotrexate, 4-nitroquinoline-N-oxide, sulfometuron methyl, cerulenin, and brefeldin A. Belongs to the major facilitator superfamily. CAR1 family. (564 aa) | ||||
SAP6 | Candidapepsin-6; Secreted aspartic peptidases (SAPs) are a group of ten acidic hydrolases considered as key virulence factors. These enzymes supply the fungus with nutrient amino acids as well as are able to degrade the selected host's proteins involved in the immune defense. During infection, plays an important role in penetration into deeper tissues and interaction with host defense. Activates host systemic immunity and induces host inflammatory cytokine production in a proteolytic activity-independent way. Contributes to corneal pathogenicity. Moreover, acts toward human hemoglobin [...] (418 aa) | ||||
HGT6 | Hexose transporter; Belongs to the major facilitator superfamily. Sugar transporter (TC 2.A.1.1) family. (550 aa) | ||||
ADR1 | Transcriptional regulator ADR1; Transcription factor involved in the regulation of hyphal growth. (1418 aa) | ||||
ROB1 | Rob1p. (991 aa) | ||||
CFL4 | Ferric/cupric-chelate reductase. (710 aa) | ||||
SFL2 | Transcription factor SFL2; Transcription factor that plays a role of activator of filamentous growth and which is involved in invasive growth at a high temperature. Required for human oral epithelium colonization and damage. Promotes filamentous growth in EFG1- and FLO8-dependent manners. Antagonizes functions of SFL1. Belongs to the HSF family. (714 aa) | ||||
HYR1 | Hyphally regulated cell wall protein 1; GPI-anchored hyphal cell wall protein required for hyphal growth and virulence. Involved in innate immune cell evasion through confering resistance to neutrophil killing. Binds kininogen, the proteinaceous kinin precursor, and contributes to trigger the kinin- forming cascade on the cell surface. Production of kinins is often involved in the human host defense against microbial infections. Belongs to the HYR1/IFF family. (919 aa) | ||||
TYE7 | Carbohydrate metabolism regulator TYE7; Key transcriptional regulator of carbohydrate metabolism. Binds the promoter sequences of the glycolytic genes at the CANNTG motif and activates their expression during growth on either fermentable or non-fermentable carbon sources as well as under hypoxic growth conditions. Complete glycolytic activation by GAL4 and TYE7 is required for full virulence. Involved in biofilm formation and negatively regulates hyphal formation under hypoxia. Controls also the expression of the copper transport protein CTR1. (269 aa) | ||||
TEC1 | Transcription activator TEC1; Transcription factor which regulates genes involved in hyphal development, cell adhesion, biofilm development, and virulence. Plays a role in the formation of 'finger' morphology, a unique multicellular morphology of C.albicans induced by carbon dioxide. Regulates gene expression during intestinal colonization. Required for the expression of the secreted aspartyl proteinases SAP4, SAP5, and SAP6; but also of BCR1, PGA4, and CDC24. Moreover, a positive feedback loop between CDC24 and TEC1 contributes to an increase in active CDC42 at the tip of the germ tub [...] (743 aa) | ||||
WOR1 | White-opaque regulator 1; Master transcriptional regulator of the switch between 2 heritable states, the white and opaque states. These 2 cell types differ in many characteristics, including cell structure, mating competence, and virulence. Each state is heritable for many generations, and switching between states occurs stochastically, at low frequency. WOR1 Binds the intergenic regions upstream of the genes encoding three additional transcriptional regulators of white-opaque switching, CZF1, EFG1, and WOR2. Phenotypic switching from the white to the opaque phase is a necessary step f [...] (785 aa) | ||||
CFL5 | Ferric-chelate reductase. (710 aa) | ||||
ZFU2 | Zfu2p. (472 aa) |