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FAR6 | Fatty acyl-CoA reductase 6, chloroplastic; Catalyzes the reduction of fatty acyl-CoA to fatty alcohols. May be involved in the generation of C30 primary alcohol. (548 aa) | ||||
T1N6.10 | Acyl-CoA thioesterase II. (427 aa) | ||||
T7I23.9 | Protein CER1-like 1. (627 aa) | ||||
CER1 | Very-long-chain aldehyde decarbonylase CER1; Aldehyde decarbonylase involved in the conversion of aldehydes to alkanes. Core component of a very-long-chain alkane synthesis complex. Involved in epicuticular wax biosynthesis and pollen fertility; Belongs to the sterol desaturase family. (625 aa) | ||||
F13M22.20 | Protein CER1-like 2. (613 aa) | ||||
F4JHC9_ARATH | Acyl-CoA thioesterase family protein. (440 aa) | ||||
F4KBH6_ARATH | Caleosin-related family protein. (180 aa) | ||||
MYB9 | Myb domain protein 9. (336 aa) | ||||
LACS1 | Long chain acyl-CoA synthetase 1; Activation of long-chain fatty acids for both synthesis of cellular lipids, and degradation via beta-oxidation. Acts in both the wax and cutin pathways. Preferentially uses palmitate, palmitoleate, linoleate and eicosenoate. Seems to have a specific activity against very long-chain fatty acid (VLCFA) class with acids longer than 24 carbons (C(24)). (660 aa) | ||||
CYP86A2 | Cytochrome P450 86A2; Catalyzes the omega-hydroxylation of various fatty acids (FA). Acts on saturated and unsaturated fatty acids with chain lengths from C12 to C18. Plays a major role in the biosynthesis of extracellular lipids. Involved in the biosynthesis of hydroxylated fatty acids required for cutin biosynthesis, cuticle development and repression of bacterial type III gene expression. Belongs to the cytochrome P450 family. (553 aa) | ||||
KCS17 | 3-ketoacyl-CoA synthase 17; Active on saturated acyl-CoAs up to C22. Mediates the synthesis of VLCFAs from 20 to 26 carbons in length (e.g. C20:1, C20, C24, C26). (487 aa) | ||||
CYP86A8 | Cytochrome P450 86A8; Catalyzes the omega-hydroxylation of various fatty acids (FA). Acts on saturated and unsaturated fatty acids with chain lengths from C12 to C18. May be involved in the biosynthesis of cutin in the epidermis which prevents post-genital organ fusions. Hydroxylated FAs may be important for trichome differentiation, establishment of apical dominance and senescence. (537 aa) | ||||
CYP86A1 | Cytochrome P450 86A1; Catalyzes the omega-hydroxylation of various fatty acids (FA). Acts on saturated and unsaturated fatty acids with chain lengths from C12 to C18 but not on hexadecane; Belongs to the cytochrome P450 family. (513 aa) | ||||
FAR5 | Probable fatty acyl-CoA reductase 5; Catalyzes the reduction of fatty acyl-CoA to fatty alcohols. Catalyzes specifically the formation of C18:0 fatty alcohol. Provides the fatty alcohols required for synthesis of suberin in roots, seed coat and wound-induced leaf tissue. Provides the fatty alcohols required for synthesis of alkyl hydroxycinnamates in root waxes. (496 aa) | ||||
CER2 | Protein ECERIFERUM 2; Involved in biosynthesis of the epicuticular wax. Plays a role in very-long-chain fatty acid (VLCFA) biosynthesis and is required for C28 fatty acid elongation in stem. Despite its classification as a BAHD acyltransferase based on sequence homology, CER2 does not seem to share the catalytic mechanism of the members of the BAHD family. (421 aa) | ||||
Q3EC08_ARATH | ARABIDILLO protein. (61 aa) | ||||
FDH | 3-ketoacyl-CoA synthase 10; Contributes to cuticular wax and suberin biosynthesis. Prevents the postgenital fusion of epiderm cells in organs in contact, as well as ectopic pollen hydration and germination. Required during ovules formation. May regulate an epidermis-specific developmental program during gynoecial ontogeny. (550 aa) | ||||
KCS2 | 3-ketoacyl-CoA synthase 2; Mediates the synthesis of VLCFAs from 22 to 26 carbons in length (e.g. C22, C24, C26). Involved in the elongation of C20 fatty acid suberin precursors. Functionally redundant with KCS20 in the two-carbon elongation of C22 fatty acids that is required for cuticular wax and root suberin biosynthesis ; Belongs to the thiolase-like superfamily. Chalcone/stilbene synthases family. (528 aa) | ||||
PAS1 | Peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase PASTICCINO1; PPIases accelerate the folding of proteins. It catalyzes the cis-trans isomerization of proline imidic peptide bonds in oligopeptides (By similarity). Essential protein regulating cell division, adhesion and elongation throughout the plant development and embryogenesis. Required for the spatial organization of apical meristems. Involved in the hormonal control of cell division and differentiation mediated by cytokinins and auxin. Regulates the function of NAC089 transcription factor by controlling its targeting to the nucleus upon plant [...] (635 aa) | ||||
MTH12.2 | Very-long-chain (3R)-3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydratase; Catalyzes the third of the four reactions of the long-chain fatty acids elongation cycle. This endoplasmic reticulum-bound enzymatic process, allows the addition of two carbons to the chain of long- and very long-chain fatty acids/VLCFAs per cycle. This enzyme catalyzes the dehydration of the 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA intermediate into trans-2,3-enoyl-CoA, within each cycle of fatty acid elongation. Thereby, it participates to the production of VLCFAs of different chain lengths that are involved in multiple biological processes as precursors [...] (221 aa) | ||||
MYB39 | Transcription factor MYB39. (360 aa) | ||||
CER3 | Very-long-chain aldehyde decarbonylase CER3; Involved in cuticule membrane and wax production, and in the typhine and sopropollenin biosynthesis of pollen. Core components of a very-long-chain alkane synthesis complex. May be the fatty acid reductase responsible for aldehyde formation. Belongs to the sterol desaturase family. (632 aa) | ||||
KCR1 | Very-long-chain 3-oxoacyl-CoA reductase 1; Beta-ketoacyl-coenzyme A reductase required for the elongation of fatty acids precursors of sphingolipids, triacylglycerols, cuticular waxes and suberin. Responsible for the first reduction step in very long-chain fatty acids (VLCFAs) synthesis. Decreased expression of KCR1 (RNAi) leads to plants with fused vegetative and reproductive organs, and abnormal trichome, epidermal cell and root morphology. Cannot be complemented by KCR2. Belongs to the short-chain dehydrogenases/reductases (SDR) family. (318 aa) | ||||
ABCG11 | ABC transporter G family member 11; Required for the cuticle and pollen coat development by controlling cutin and maybe wax transport to the extracellular matrix. Involved in developmental plasticity and stress responses. (703 aa) | ||||
PAS2 | Very-long-chain (3R)-3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydratase PASTICCINO 2; Catalyzes the third of the four reactions of the long-chain fatty acids elongation cycle. This endoplasmic reticulum-bound enzymatic process, allows the addition of two carbons to the chain of long- and very long-chain fatty acids/VLCFAs per cycle. This enzyme catalyzes the dehydration of the 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA intermediate into trans-2,3-enoyl-CoA, within each cycle of fatty acid elongation. Thereby, it participates in the production of VLCFAs of different chain lengths that are involved in multiple biological processes a [...] (221 aa) | ||||
FAR3 | Fatty acyl-CoA reductase 3; Catalyzes the reduction of fatty acyl-CoA to fatty alcohols. The preferred substrates are C24:0 and C26:0. May be unable to use saturated and monounsaturated C16 and C18 acyl-CoA as substrates. Involved in cuticular wax formation. (493 aa) | ||||
WSD1 | O-acyltransferase WSD1; Bifunctional wax ester synthase/diacylglycerol acyltransferase. Involved in cuticular wax biosynthesis. In the N-terminal section; belongs to the long-chain O- acyltransferase family. (481 aa) | ||||
HHT1 | Omega-hydroxypalmitate O-feruloyl transferase; Involved in the synthesis of aromatics of the suberin polymer. Specifically affects the accumulation of the ferulate constituent of suberin in roots and seeds, but has no effect on the content of p-coumarate or sinapate. (457 aa) | ||||
KCS5 | 3-ketoacyl-CoA synthase 5; Mediates mostly the synthesis of VLCFAs from 26 to 30 carbons in length (e.g. C20:1, C26, C28, C30). (492 aa) | ||||
LTPG1 | Non-specific lipid transfer protein GPI-anchored 1; Lipid transfer protein that, together with LTPG2, binds to lipids and functions as a component of the cuticular lipid export machinery that performs extensive export of intracellular lipids (e.g. C29 alkane) from epidermal cells to the surface to build the cuticular wax layer and silique walls. Involved in the establishment of resistance to the necrotrophic fungal pathogen Alternaria brassicicola. (193 aa) | ||||
ABCG12 | ABC transporter G family member 12; Involved in the secretion of cuticular wax from epidermal cells to the cuticle. (687 aa) | ||||
PXG4 | Probable peroxygenase 4; Calcium-binding peroxygenase involved in the degradation of storage lipid in oil bodies. May be involved in the interaction between oil bodies and vacuoles during seed germination (By similarity). Acts as a negative regulator of abscisic acid responses in non-seed tissues. (195 aa) | ||||
CYP86A7 | Cytochrome P450 86A7; Catalyzes the omega-hydroxylation of various fatty acids (FA). Acts on saturated and unsaturated fatty acids with chain lengths from C12 to C18; Belongs to the cytochrome P450 family. (523 aa) | ||||
GPAT5 | Glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase 5; Esterifies acyl-group from acyl-ACP to the sn-1 position of glycerol-3-phosphate, an essential step in glycerolipid biosynthesis. (502 aa) | ||||
FACT | Fatty alcohol:caffeoyl-CoA acyltransferase; Involved in the synthesis of alkyl hydroxycinnamates in root waxes. Functions as a fatty alcohol:hydroxy cinnamoyl-CoA acyltransferase with apparent preference for caffeoyl-CoA. Belongs to the plant acyltransferase family. (426 aa) | ||||
KCS20 | 3-ketoacyl-CoA synthase 20; Mediates the synthesis of VLCFAs from 22 to 26 carbons in length (e.g. C22, C24, C26). Functionally redundant with KCS2 in the two-carbon elongation of C22 fatty acids that is required for cuticular wax and root suberin biosynthesis ; Belongs to the thiolase-like superfamily. Chalcone/stilbene synthases family. (529 aa) | ||||
KCS21 | Probable 3-ketoacyl-CoA synthase 21; Belongs to the thiolase-like superfamily. Chalcone/stilbene synthases family. (464 aa) | ||||
MQJ16.3 | O-acyltransferase (WSD1-like) family protein. (482 aa) | ||||
FAR7 | Putative fatty acyl-CoA reductase 7; Belongs to the fatty acyl-CoA reductase family. (409 aa) | ||||
CYP86B1 | Cytochrome P450 86B1; Involved in very long chain fatty acids (VLCFA) omega- hydroxylation. Required for the synthesis of saturated VLCFA alpha, omega-bifunctional suberin monomers. (559 aa) | ||||
ABCG6 | ABC transporter G family member 6. (727 aa) | ||||
CYP96A15 | Alkane hydroxylase MAH1; Involved in the formation of secondary alcohols and ketones in stem cuticular wax. Catalyzes the hydroxylation of a methylene unit in the middle of alkane molecules to form secondary alcohols and possibly also a second hydroxylation leading to the corresponding ketones; Belongs to the cytochrome P450 family. (497 aa) | ||||
RGXT3 | UDP-D-xylose:L-fucose alpha-1,3-D-xylosyltransferase 3; Catalyzes the transfer of D-xylose from UDP-alpha-D-xylose onto L-fucose. Probably involved in the biosynthesis of rhamnogalacturonan II (RG-II) through xylosylation of the internal fucose moiety of the A-chain of RG-II, a structurally complex pectic polysaccharide of the primary cell wall. RG-II is essential for the cell wall integrity of rapidly growing tissues such as roots and pollen tube growth and elongation. (383 aa) | ||||
KCR2 | Very-long-chain 3-oxoacyl-CoA reductase-like protein At1g24470; Probable reductase, but unlike KCR1, has no beta-ketoacyl- coenzyme A reductase activity. (312 aa) | ||||
MYB107 | Putative MYB family transcription factor. (321 aa) | ||||
MYB106 | Transcription factor MYB106; Functions as a repressor of epidermal cell outgrowth and negatively regulate trichome branch formation. Acts as both a positive and negative regulator of cellular outgrowth. Promotes both trichome expansion and branch formation. Coordinately with WIN1/SHN1, participates in the regulation of cuticle biosynthesis and wax accumulation in reproductive organs and trichomes. Functions in cuticle nanoridge formation in petals and stamens, and in morphogenesis of petal conical cells and trichomes. May play a role in the regulation of cuticle formation in vegetative [...] (345 aa) | ||||
T22D6_190 | Cytochrome P450 superfamily protein; Belongs to the cytochrome P450 family. (550 aa) | ||||
ABCG20 | ABC transporter G family member 20. (739 aa) | ||||
CER26L | Protein ECERIFERUM 26-like; Involved in biosynthesis of the epicuticular wax. Plays a role in very-long-chain fatty acid (VLCFA) biosynthesis and is required for VLCFA elongation in leaf. Despite its classification as a BAHD acyltransferase based on sequence homology, CER26L does not seem to share the catalytic mechanism of the members of the BAHD family (By similarity). (420 aa) | ||||
GPAT4 | Glycerol-3-phosphate 2-O-acyltransferase 4; Esterifies acyl-group from acyl-ACP to the sn-2 position of glycerol-3-phosphate, a step in cutin biosynthesis. Belongs to the GPAT/DAPAT family. (503 aa) | ||||
CYP86A4 | Cytochrome P450 86A4; Catalyzes the omega-hydroxylation of various fatty acids (FA). Acts on saturated and unsaturated fatty acids with chain lengths from C12 to C18. Involved in the biosynthesis of 16-hydroxypalmitate. (554 aa) | ||||
KCS3 | 3-ketoacyl-CoA synthase 3. (478 aa) | ||||
F21B7.2 | HXXXD-type acyl-transferase family protein. (461 aa) | ||||
FAR4 | Probable fatty acyl-CoA reductase 4; Catalyzes the reduction of fatty acyl-CoA to fatty alcohols. Catalyzes specifically the formation of C18:0 and C20:0 fatty alcohols. Provides the fatty alcohols required for synthesis of suberin in roots, seed coat and wound-induced leaf tissue. Provides the fatty alcohols required for synthesis of alkyl hydroxycinnamates in root waxes. (493 aa) | ||||
F9G14.200 | HXXXD-type acyl-transferase family protein. (353 aa) | ||||
T32M21_230 | Cytochrome P450, family 77, subfamily A, polypeptide 9; Belongs to the cytochrome P450 family. (509 aa) | ||||
MYB41 | Transcription factor MYB41; Transcription factor involved in salt stress response. Confers tolerance to salt stress. Involved in distinct cellular processes in response to osmotic stress, including control of primary metabolism and negative regulation of short-term transcriptional responses to osmotic stress. Can activate the steps necessary for aliphatic suberin synthesis and deposition of cell wall-associated suberin-like lamellae. Involved in the production of aliphatic suberin under abiotic stress conditions. (282 aa) | ||||
T2O9.40 | Fatty acyl-CoA reductase; Catalyzes the reduction of fatty acyl-CoA to fatty alcohols. (154 aa) | ||||
ECR | Very-long-chain enoyl-CoA reductase; Catalyzes the last of the four reactions of the long-chain fatty acids elongation cycle. This endoplasmic reticulum-bound enzymatic process, allows the addition of 2 carbons to the chain of long- and very long-chain fatty acids/VLCFAs per cycle. This enzyme reduces the trans-2,3-enoyl-CoA fatty acid intermediate to an acyl-CoA that can be further elongated by entering a new cycle of elongation. Thereby, it participates in the production of VLCFAs of different chain lengths that are involved in multiple biological processes as precursors of membrane [...] (310 aa) | ||||
KCS1 | 3-ketoacyl-CoA synthase 1; Contributes to cuticular wax and suberin biosynthesis. Involved in both decarbonylation and acyl-reduction wax synthesis pathways. Elongase condensing enzyme mostly active with saturated fatty acids, especially with 16:0, 16:1, 18:0, and 20:0. Mediates the synthesis of VLCFAs from 20 to 26 carbons in length (e.g. C20:1, C20, C22, C24 and C26); Belongs to the thiolase-like superfamily. Chalcone/stilbene synthases family. (528 aa) | ||||
HTH | Protein HOTHEAD; Probable FAD-dependent enzyme. Involved in regulating post- genital organ fusion. Required to limit cellular interactions between contacting epidermal cells during floral development. (594 aa) | ||||
MYB93 | Transcription factor MYB93; Transcription factor that acts as negative regulator of lateral root (LR) development. Required for normal auxin responses during LR development. May be part of a negative feedback loop stimulated specifically in the endodermis upon LR initiation to ensure that LRs are formed only in the correct place. (365 aa) | ||||
CYP77B1 | Cytochrome P450, family 77, subfamily B, polypeptide 1; Belongs to the cytochrome P450 family. (510 aa) | ||||
MYB92 | Transcription factor MYB92; Probable transcription factor. (334 aa) | ||||
KCS9 | 3-ketoacyl-CoA synthase 9; Involved in the elongation of C22 to C24 fatty acids, which are precursors for the biosynthesis of cuticular waxes, aliphatic suberins, and membrane lipids, including sphingolipids and phospholipids. (512 aa) | ||||
MYB94 | Transcription factor MYB94; Transcription activator involved in the activation of cuticular wax biosynthesis under drought stress. Binds directly to the promoters of genes involved in cuticular wax biosynthesis. Transactivates WSD1, KCS2/DAISY, CER1, CER2, FAR3 and ECR genes. Functions together with MYB96 in the activation of cuticular wax biosynthesis. (333 aa) | ||||
F13M14.15 | Cytochrome P450, family 77, subfamily A, polypeptide 6; Belongs to the cytochrome P450 family. (513 aa) | ||||
F9F13.40 | CASP-like protein 1B2; Belongs to the Casparian strip membrane proteins (CASP) family. (197 aa) | ||||
CER26 | Protein ECERIFERUM 26; Involved in biosynthesis of the epicuticular wax. Plays a role in very-long-chain fatty acid (VLCFA) biosynthesis and is required for C30 fatty acid elongation in leaf. Despite its classification as a BAHD acyltransferase based on sequence homology, CER26 does not seem to share the catalytic mechanism of the members of the BAHD family. (428 aa) | ||||
CUT1 | 3-ketoacyl-CoA synthase 6; Contributes to cuticular wax and suberin biosynthesis. Involved in both decarbonylation and acyl-reduction wax synthesis pathways. Required for elongation of C24 fatty acids, an essential step of the cuticular wax production. Major condensing enzyme for stem wax and pollen coat lipid biosynthesis. (497 aa) | ||||
WIN1-2 | Ethylene-responsive transcription factor WIN1; Promotes cuticle formation by inducing the expression of enzymes involved in wax biosynthesis. Confers drought resistance. Acts as a transcriptional activator. Binds to the GCC-box pathogenesis-related promoter element. May be involved in the regulation of gene expression by stress factors and by components of stress signal transduction pathways (By similarity); Belongs to the AP2/ERF transcription factor family. ERF subfamily. (199 aa) | ||||
LACS2 | Long chain acyl-CoA synthetase 2; Activation of long-chain fatty acids for both synthesis of cellular lipids, and degradation via beta-oxidation. Acts in the cutin pathway. Preferentially uses palmitate, palmitoleate, oleate and linoleate. Required for repression of lateral root formation through its role in cutin biosynthesis and subsequent aerial tissues permeability. Belongs to the ATP-dependent AMP-binding enzyme family. (665 aa) | ||||
STY13 | Serine/threonine-protein kinase STY13; Serine/threonine protein kinase that phosphorylates proteins on serine, threonine and tyrosine residues. Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. Ser/Thr protein kinase family. (411 aa) | ||||
ABCG2 | ABC transporter G family member 2. (755 aa) |