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| | A0A1P8ARU2 | Phosphotransferase. (186 aa) |
| | A0A1P8B9B9 | UDP-Glycosyltransferase superfamily protein. (505 aa) |
| | SBE3 | 1,4-alpha-glucan-branching enzyme 3, chloroplastic/amyloplastic; Catalyzes the formation of the alpha-1,6-glucosidic linkages in starch by scission of a 1,4-alpha-linked oligosaccharide from growing alpha-1,4-glucan chains and the subsequent attachment of the oligosaccharide to the alpha-1,6 position. Essential during embryogenesis; Belongs to the glycosyl hydrolase 13 family. GlgB subfamily. (899 aa) |
| | TPPC | Probable trehalose-phosphate phosphatase C; Removes the phosphate from trehalose 6-phosphate to produce free trehalose. Trehalose accumulation in plant may improve abiotic stress tolerance (By similarity). (320 aa) |
| | APS2 | Inactive glucose-1-phosphate adenylyltransferase small subunit 2, chloroplastic; Belongs to the bacterial/plant glucose-1-phosphate adenylyltransferase family. (476 aa) |
| | SS3 | Starch synthase 3, chloroplastic/amyloplastic; Involved in the synthesis of glycan chains within amylopectin in leaves. May play a regulatory role in the control of starch accumulation in plastids; Belongs to the glycosyltransferase 1 family. Bacterial/plant glycogen synthase subfamily. (1042 aa) |
| | SPS4 | Probable sucrose-phosphate synthase 4; Plays a role in photosynthetic sucrose synthesis by catalyzing the rate-limiting step of sucrose biosynthesis from UDP- glucose and fructose- 6-phosphate. Involved in the regulation of carbon partitioning in the leaves of plants. May regulate the synthesis of sucrose and therefore play a major role as a limiting factor in the export of photoassimilates out of the leaf. Plays a role for sucrose availability that is essential for plant growth and fiber elongation; Belongs to the glycosyltransferase 1 family. (1050 aa) |
| | SUS5 | Sucrose synthase 5; Sucrose-cleaving enzyme that provides UDP-glucose and fructose for various metabolic pathways. Functions in callose synthesis at the site of phloem sieve elements. (836 aa) |
| | TPPI | Probable trehalose-phosphate phosphatase I; Removes the phosphate from trehalose 6-phosphate to produce free trehalose. Trehalose accumulation in plant may improve abiotic stress tolerance (By similarity). (369 aa) |
| | ISA1 | Isoamylase 1, chloroplastic; Involved in the trimming of pre-amylopectin chains. Accelerates the crystallization of nascent amylopectin molecules during starch synthesis. ISA1 and ISA2 work exclusively together as a multimeric holoenzyme. ISA1-ISA2 removes preferentially branches that are very close to other branches. (783 aa) |
| | TPS5 | Alpha,alpha-trehalose-phosphate synthase [UDP-forming] 5; In the N-terminal section; belongs to the glycosyltransferase 20 family. (862 aa) |
| | SBE2.1 | 1,4-alpha-glucan-branching enzyme 2-1, chloroplastic/amyloplastic; Catalyzes the formation of the alpha-1,6-glucosidic linkages in starch by scission of a 1,4-alpha-linked oligosaccharide from growing alpha-1,4-glucan chains and the subsequent attachment of the oligosaccharide to the alpha-1,6 position. Belongs to the glycosyl hydrolase 13 family. GlgB subfamily. (858 aa) |
| | PGM3 | Probable phosphoglucomutase, cytoplasmic 1; This enzyme participates in both the breakdown and synthesis of glucose; Belongs to the phosphohexose mutase family. (583 aa) |
| | TPPA | Trehalose-phosphate phosphatase A; Removes the phosphate from trehalose 6-phosphate to produce free trehalose. Trehalose accumulation in plant may improve abiotic stress tolerance. (385 aa) |
| | TPS10 | Probable alpha,alpha-trehalose-phosphate synthase [UDP-forming] 10; In the C-terminal section; belongs to the trehalose phosphatase family. (861 aa) |
| | PMM | Phosphomannomutase; Involved in ascorbic acid biosynthesis and in the synthesis of the GDP-mannose and dolichol-phosphate-mannose required for a number of critical mannosyl transfer reactions; Belongs to the eukaryotic PMM family. (246 aa) |
| | F24G24.60 | Probable fructokinase-5; May play an important role in maintaining the flux of carbon towards starch formation. (324 aa) |
| | PGIC | Glucose-6-phosphate isomerase, cytosolic; Belongs to the GPI family. (560 aa) |
| | SUS1 | Sucrose synthase 1; Sucrose-cleaving enzyme that provides UDP-glucose and fructose for various metabolic pathways; Belongs to the glycosyltransferase 1 family. Plant sucrose synthase subfamily. (808 aa) |
| | APS1 | Glucose-1-phosphate adenylyltransferase small subunit, chloroplastic; This protein plays a role in synthesis of starch. It catalyzes the synthesis of the activated glycosyl donor, ADP-glucose from Glc-1-P and ATP. (520 aa) |
| | ADG2 | Glucose-1-phosphate adenylyltransferase large subunit 1, chloroplastic; This protein plays a role in synthesis of starch. It catalyzes the synthesis of the activated glycosyl donor, ADP-glucose from Glc-1-P and ATP. (522 aa) |
| | APL2 | Glucose-1-phosphate adenylyltransferase large subunit 2, chloroplastic; This protein plays a role in synthesis of starch. It catalyzes the synthesis of the activated glycosyl donor, ADP-glucose from Glc-1-P and ATP. (518 aa) |
| | APL3 | Glucose-1-phosphate adenylyltransferase large subunit 3, chloroplastic; This protein plays a role in synthesis of starch. It catalyzes the synthesis of the activated glycosyl donor, ADP-glucose from Glc-1-P and ATP. (521 aa) |
| | UGP1 | UTP--glucose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase 1; Converts glucose 1-phosphate to UDP-glucose, which is the major glycosyl donor for polysaccharides. Acts redundantly with UGP2 and is essential for the synthesis of sucrose, starch and cell wall, and callose deposition. Involved in the regulation of the programmed cell death (PCD) induced by the fungal toxin fumonisin B1 (FB1). (470 aa) |
| | HXK2 | Hexokinase-2; Fructose and glucose phosphorylating enzyme. May be involved in the phosphorylation of glucose during the export from mitochondrion to cytosol. Acts as sugar sensor which may regulate sugar-dependent gene repression or activation. Mediates the effects of sugar on plant growth and development independently of its catalytic activity or the sugar metabolism. May regulate the execution of program cell death in plant cells ; Belongs to the hexokinase family. (502 aa) |
| | SUS2 | Sucrose synthase 2; Sucrose-cleaving enzyme that provides UDP-glucose and fructose for various metabolic pathways. Modulates metabolic homeostasis and directs carbon towards starch synthesis in developing seeds. (807 aa) |
| | TPS8 | Probable alpha,alpha-trehalose-phosphate synthase [UDP-forming] 8; In the N-terminal section; belongs to the glycosyltransferase 20 family. (856 aa) |
| | SS4 | Probable starch synthase 4, chloroplastic/amyloplastic; Probably involved in the priming of starch granule formation. May play a regulatory role in the control of starch accumulation in plastids. Is necessary and sufficient to establish the correct number of starch granules observed in chloroplasts. Belongs to the glycosyltransferase 1 family. Bacterial/plant glycogen synthase subfamily. (1040 aa) |
| | CWINV2 | Beta-fructofuranosidase, insoluble isoenzyme CWINV2. (590 aa) |
| | HXK1 | Hexokinase-1; Fructose and glucose phosphorylating enzyme. May be involved in the phosphorylation of glucose during the export from mitochondrion to cytosol. Acts as sugar sensor which may regulate sugar-dependent gene repression or activation. Mediates the effects of sugar on plant growth and development independently of its catalytic activity or the sugar metabolism. May regulate the execution of program cell death in plant cells. Promotes roots and leaves growth. Belongs to the hexokinase family. (496 aa) |
| | CWINV1 | Beta-fructofuranosidase, insoluble isoenzyme CWINV1; Beta-fructofuranosidase that can use sucrose and 1-kestose, and, to a lower extent, neokestose and levan, as substrates, but not inuline; Belongs to the glycosyl hydrolase 32 family. (584 aa) |
| | ATHXK4 | Hexokinase-4; Fructose and glucose phosphorylating enzyme (By similarity). May be involved in the phosphorylation of glucose during the export from mitochondrion to cytosol (By similarity). (502 aa) |
| | TPPJ | Probable trehalose-phosphate phosphatase J; Removes the phosphate from trehalose 6-phosphate to produce free trehalose. Trehalose accumulation in plant may improve abiotic stress tolerance (By similarity). (370 aa) |
| | TPPD | Probable trehalose-phosphate phosphatase D; Removes the phosphate from trehalose 6-phosphate to produce free trehalose. Trehalose accumulation in plant may improve abiotic stress tolerance (By similarity). (369 aa) |
| | CWINV3 | Beta-fructofuranosidase, insoluble isoenzyme CWINV3; 6-fructan exohydrolase that can use phlein, levan, neokestose, levanbiose, 6-kestose, and 1-kestose as substrates. (594 aa) |
| | SUC6 | Putative sucrose transport protein SUC6; May be responsible for the transport of glucosides into the cell, with the concomitant uptake of protons (symport system). Does not seem to transport sucrose. (492 aa) |
| | PU1 | Pullulanase 1, chloroplastic; Involved in starch degradation and also probably in the trimming of pre-amylopectin chains during starch synthesis. (965 aa) |
| | TPPH | Probable trehalose-phosphate phosphatase H; Removes the phosphate from trehalose 6-phosphate to produce free trehalose. Trehalose accumulation in plant may improve abiotic stress tolerance (By similarity). (349 aa) |
| | ISA2 | Isoamylase 2, chloroplastic; Involved in the trimming of pre-amylopectin chains. Accelerates the crystallization of nascent amylopectin molecules during starch synthesis. ISA1 and ISA2 work exclusively together as a multimeric holoenzyme. ISA1-ISA2 removes preferentially branches that are very close to other branches. (882 aa) |
| | AMY2 | Probable alpha-amylase 2; Probable alpha-amylase that does not seem to be required for breakdown of transitory starch in leaves. (413 aa) |
| | DPE2 | 4-alpha-glucanotransferase DPE2; Cytosolic alpha-glucanotransferase essential for the cytosolic metabolism of maltose, an intermediate on the pathway by which starch is converted to sucrose in leaves at night. Metabolizes maltose exported from the chloroplast and is specific for beta-maltose. May play a role in freezing tolerance. Temperature drop induces inactivation of DPE2 that leads to rapid accumulation of maltose, a solute that protects cells from freezing damage. Belongs to the disproportionating enzyme family. (955 aa) |
| | SPS3-2 | Probable sucrose-phosphate synthase 3; Plays a role in photosynthetic sucrose synthesis by catalyzing the rate-limiting step of sucrose biosynthesis from UDP- glucose and fructose- 6-phosphate. Involved in the regulation of carbon partitioning in the leaves of plants. May regulate the synthesis of sucrose and therefore play a major role as a limiting factor in the export of photoassimilates out of the leaf. Plays a role for sucrose availability that is essential for plant growth and fiber elongation. (1062 aa) |
| | AMY1 | Alpha-amylase 1; Possesses alpha-amylase activity in vitro, but seems not required for breakdown of transitory starch in leaves. (423 aa) |
| | CWINV4 | Beta-fructofuranosidase, insoluble isoenzyme CWINV4. (591 aa) |
| | PFP-BETA1 | Pyrophosphate--fructose 6-phosphate 1-phosphotransferase subunit beta 1; Catalytic subunit of pyrophosphate--fructose 6-phosphate 1- phosphotransferase. Catalyzes the phosphorylation of D-fructose 6- phosphate, the first committing step of glycolysis. Uses inorganic phosphate (PPi) as phosphoryl donor instead of ATP like common ATP- dependent phosphofructokinases (ATP-PFKs), which renders the reaction reversible, and can thus function both in glycolysis and gluconeogenesis; Belongs to the phosphofructokinase type A (PFKA) family. PPi-dependent PFK group II subfamily. Clade 'Long' sub-s [...] (566 aa) |
| | CWINV6 | Beta-fructofuranosidase, insoluble isoenzyme CWINV6; 6 and 1-fructan exohydrolase that can degrade both inulin and levan-type fructans, such as phlein, levan, neokestose, levanbiose, 6- kestose, 1-kestose, inulin, and 1,1-nystose. (550 aa) |
| | SPP3A | Probable sucrose-phosphatase 3a; Catalyzes the final step of sucrose synthesis. (425 aa) |
| | SPP3B | Probable sucrose-phosphatase 3b; Catalyzes the final step of sucrose synthesis; Belongs to the sucrose phosphatase family. (423 aa) |
| | AMY3 | Alpha-amylase 3, chloroplastic; Possesses endoamylolytic activity in vitro, but seems not required for breakdown of transitory starch in leaves. May be involved in the determination of the final structure of glucans by shortening long linear phospho-oligosaccharides in the chloroplast stroma. Can act on both soluble and insoluble glucan substrates to release small linear and branched malto-oligosaccharides. Works synergistically with beta-amylase toward efficient starch degradation. Has activity against p-nitrophenyl maltoheptaoside (BPNP-G7), amylopectin and beta-limit dextrin. Involv [...] (887 aa) |
| | TPS6 | Alpha,alpha-trehalose-phosphate synthase [UDP-forming] 6; Regulates plant architecture, shape of epidermal pavement cells and branching of trichomes; In the C-terminal section; belongs to the trehalose phosphatase family. (860 aa) |
| | SPS1-2 | Sucrose-phosphate synthase 1; Plays a major role in photosynthetic sucrose synthesis by catalyzing the rate-limiting step of sucrose biosynthesis from UDP- glucose and fructose- 6-phosphate. Involved in the regulation of carbon partitioning in the leaves of plants. May regulate the synthesis of sucrose and therefore play a major role as a limiting factor in the export of photoassimilates out of the leaf. Plays a role for sucrose availability that is essential for plant growth and fiber elongation. Required for nectar secretion. (1043 aa) |
| | F28G11.11 | Probable fructokinase-6, chloroplastic; May play an important role in maintaining the flux of carbon towards starch formation; Belongs to the carbohydrate kinase PfkB family. (384 aa) |
| | SPP1 | Probable sucrose-phosphatase 1; Catalyzes the final step of sucrose synthesis. (423 aa) |
| | PFP-ALPHA2 | Pyrophosphate--fructose 6-phosphate 1-phosphotransferase subunit alpha 2; Regulatory subunit of pyrophosphate--fructose 6-phosphate 1- phosphotransferase; Belongs to the phosphofructokinase type A (PFKA) family. PPi-dependent PFK group II subfamily. Clade 'Long' sub-subfamily. (617 aa) |
| | TPPB | Trehalose-phosphate phosphatase B; Removes the phosphate from trehalose 6-phosphate to produce free trehalose. Trehalose accumulation in plant may improve abiotic stress tolerance. (374 aa) |
| | SDH | Sorbitol dehydrogenase; Polyol dehydrogenase that catalyzes the NAD(+)-dependent oxidation of various sugar alcohols. Is mostly active with D-sorbitol (D-glucitol), ribitol and xylitol as substrates, leading to the C2- oxidized products D-fructose, D-ribulose and D-xylulose, respectively. To a lesser extent, can also oxidize arabitol, mannitol, lactitol and maltitol in vitro. Is required for sorbitol metabolism. Cannot use NADP(+) as the electron acceptor. (364 aa) |
| | PFK4 | ATP-dependent 6-phosphofructokinase 4, chloroplastic; Catalyzes the phosphorylation of D-fructose 6-phosphate to fructose 1,6-bisphosphate by ATP, the first committing step of glycolysis. (530 aa) |
| | MIO24.3 | Probable fructokinase-7; May play an important role in maintaining the flux of carbon towards starch formation. (343 aa) |
| | MSJ1.22 | Inositol monophosphatase family protein; Belongs to the FBPase class 1 family. (404 aa) |
| | SS1 | Starch synthase 1, chloroplastic/amyloplastic; Involved in the synthesis of short glycan chains within amylopectin in leaves. Is required to generate chains up to about a degree of polymerization of 10 (DP10). (652 aa) |
| | SUS6 | Sucrose synthase 6; Sucrose-cleaving enzyme that provides UDP-glucose and fructose for various metabolic pathways. Functions in callose synthesis at the site of phloem sieve elements. (942 aa) |
| | SPS2-2 | Probable sucrose-phosphate synthase 2; Plays a role in photosynthetic sucrose synthesis by catalyzing the rate-limiting step of sucrose biosynthesis from UDP- glucose and fructose- 6-phosphate. Involved in the regulation of carbon partitioning in the leaves of plants. May regulate the synthesis of sucrose and therefore play a major role as a limiting factor in the export of photoassimilates out of the leaf. Plays a role for sucrose availability that is essential for plant growth and fiber elongation. Required for nectar secretion. (1047 aa) |
| | TPS2 | Probable alpha,alpha-trehalose-phosphate synthase [UDP-forming] 2; In the C-terminal section; belongs to the trehalose phosphatase family. (822 aa) |
| | HXK3 | Hexokinase-like 1 protein; Fructose and glucose phosphorylating enzyme. Belongs to the hexokinase family. (493 aa) |
| | PMI2-2 | Mannose-6-phosphate isomerase 2; Involved in the synthesis of the GDP-mannose and dolichol- phosphate-mannose required for a number of critical mannosyl transfer reactions. (441 aa) |
| | PHS1-3 | Alpha-glucan phosphorylase 1; Phosphorylase is an important allosteric enzyme in carbohydrate metabolism. Enzymes from different sources differ in their regulatory mechanisms and in their natural substrates. However, all known phosphorylases share catalytic and structural properties (By similarity). May be not required for the degradation of starch, but the phosphorolysis of starch may play an important role in water stress tolerance. (962 aa) |
| | T21E18.8 | Probable fructokinase-2; May play an important role in maintaining the flux of carbon towards starch formation. (329 aa) |
| | T21E18.7 | Probable fructokinase-3; May play an important role in maintaining the flux of carbon towards starch formation. (345 aa) |
| | TPS9 | Probable alpha,alpha-trehalose-phosphate synthase [UDP-forming] 9; In the C-terminal section; belongs to the trehalose phosphatase family. (867 aa) |
| | DPE1 | 4-alpha-glucanotransferase DPE1, chloroplastic/amyloplastic; Chloroplastic alpha-glucanotransferase involved in maltotriose metabolism. Probably uses maltotriose as substrate to transfer a maltosyl unit from one molecule to another, resulting in glucose and maltopentaose. The latter can then be further metabolized to maltose and maltotriose by beta-amylase. Required for normal starch degradation in leaves; Belongs to the disproportionating enzyme family. (576 aa) |
| | SUS4 | Sucrose synthase 4; Sucrose-cleaving enzyme that provides UDP-glucose and fructose for various metabolic pathways; Belongs to the glycosyltransferase 1 family. Plant sucrose synthase subfamily. (808 aa) |
| | T22P22.110 | Glycosyl hydrolases family 31 protein; Belongs to the glycosyl hydrolase 31 family. (902 aa) |
| | SBE2.2 | 1,4-alpha-glucan-branching enzyme 2-2, chloroplastic/amyloplastic; Catalyzes the formation of the alpha-1,6-glucosidic linkages in starch by scission of a 1,4-alpha-linked oligosaccharide from growing alpha-1,4-glucan chains and the subsequent attachment of the oligosaccharide to the alpha-1,6 position. Belongs to the glycosyl hydrolase 13 family. GlgB subfamily. (805 aa) |
| | ISA3 | Isoamylase 3, chloroplastic; Involved in starch catabolism. ISA3 removes different branches than ISA1-ISA2, namely short chains that prevent amylopectin crystallization. May be the debranching enzyme required to assist beta- amylases for starch degradation in leaves at night. Belongs to the glycosyl hydrolase 13 family. (764 aa) |
| | SUS3 | Sucrose synthase 3; Sucrose-cleaving enzyme that provides UDP-glucose and fructose for various metabolic pathways. Modulates metabolic homeostasis and direct carbon towards starch synthesis in developing seeds. (809 aa) |
| | T16L24.30 | Probable fructokinase-4; May play an important role in maintaining the flux of carbon towards starch formation. (326 aa) |
| | SSL8 | Protein STRICTOSIDINE SYNTHASE-LIKE 8. (376 aa) |
| | PMI1-2 | Mannose-6-phosphate isomerase 1; Involved in the synthesis of the GDP-mannose and dolichol- phosphate-mannose required for a number of critical mannosyl transfer reactions. Involved in the ascorbic acid (AsA) biosynthesis. Required during the endosperm development. (432 aa) |
| | UGP2 | UTP--glucose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase 2; Converts glucose 1-phosphate to UDP-glucose, which is the major glycosyl donor for polysaccharides. Acts redundantly with UGP1 and is essential for the synthesis of sucrose, starch and cell wall, and callose deposition; Belongs to the UDPGP type 1 family. (469 aa) |
| | SS2 | Starch synthase 2, chloroplastic/amyloplastic; Involved in the synthesis of glycan chains within amylopectin in leaves. Is required to produce chains with a degree of polymerization of 12 to 25 (DP12-DP25); Belongs to the glycosyltransferase 1 family. Bacterial/plant glycogen synthase subfamily. (792 aa) |
| | GBSS1 | Granule-bound starch synthase 1, chloroplastic/amyloplastic; Required for the synthesis of amylose. Destroyed as it is released from the starch granules during the night. The circadian expression is controlled by CCA1 and LHY transcription factors. (610 aa) |
| | FKFBP | 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase; Synthesis and degradation of fructose 2,6-bisphosphate. Regulates carbon partitioning between sucrose versus starch during the diurnal cycle; In the C-terminal section; belongs to the phosphoglycerate mutase family. (744 aa) |
| | PHS2 | Alpha-glucan phosphorylase 2, cytosolic; Phosphorylase is an important allosteric enzyme in carbohydrate metabolism. Enzymes from different sources differ in their regulatory mechanisms and in their natural substrates. However, all known phosphorylases share catalytic and structural properties (By similarity). (841 aa) |
| | PGM2 | Probable phosphoglucomutase, cytoplasmic 2; This enzyme participates in both the breakdown and synthesis of glucose. (585 aa) |
| | TPS3 | Probable alpha,alpha-trehalose-phosphate synthase [UDP-forming] 3; In the C-terminal section; belongs to the trehalose phosphatase family. (783 aa) |
| | T28P16.12 | Probable fructokinase-1; May play an important role in maintaining the flux of carbon towards starch formation. (325 aa) |
| | APL4 | Probable glucose-1-phosphate adenylyltransferase large subunit, chloroplastic; This protein plays a role in synthesis of starch. It catalyzes the synthesis of the activated glycosyl donor, ADP-glucose from Glc-1-P and ATP (By similarity); Belongs to the bacterial/plant glucose-1-phosphate adenylyltransferase family. (523 aa) |
| | SPP2 | Probable sucrose-phosphatase 2; Catalyzes the final step of sucrose synthesis. (422 aa) |
| | TPPF | Probable trehalose-phosphate phosphatase F; Removes the phosphate from trehalose 6-phosphate to produce free trehalose. Trehalose accumulation in plant may improve abiotic stress tolerance (By similarity). (368 aa) |
| | TRE1 | Trehalase; Involved in the regulation of trehalose content by hydrolyzing trehalose to glucose. (626 aa) |
| | TPPG | Probable trehalose-phosphate phosphatase G; Removes the phosphate from trehalose 6-phosphate to produce free trehalose. Trehalose accumulation in plant may improve abiotic stress tolerance (By similarity). (377 aa) |
| | TPS1 | Alpha,alpha-trehalose-phosphate synthase [UDP-forming] 1; Required for normal embryo development, vegetative growth and transition to flowering. Regulates embryo growth, cell wall deposition, starch and sucrose degradation, but not cell differentiation. Involved in the regulation of glucose sensing and signaling genes during plant development. (942 aa) |
| | HKL3 | Probable hexokinase-like 2 protein; Fructose and glucose phosphorylating enzyme. (493 aa) |
| | TPS4 | Probable alpha,alpha-trehalose-phosphate synthase [UDP-forming] 4; In the C-terminal section; belongs to the trehalose phosphatase family. (795 aa) |
| | TPS12 | (Z)-gamma-bisabolene synthase 1; Involved in sesquiterpene (C15) biosynthesis. The major product is (Z)-gamma-bisabolene with minor amounts of (E)-nerolidol and alpha-bisabolol; Belongs to the terpene synthase family. Tpsa subfamily. (554 aa) |
