STRINGSTRING
TRAF1B TRAF1B CERK1 CERK1 CPSF30 CPSF30 EFR EFR LRK10L-2.6 LRK10L-2.6 VAD1 VAD1 RLK7 RLK7 ILA ILA LYK3 LYK3 ILK1 ILK1 BIG5 BIG5 PIP2 PIP2 EDR2 EDR2 LAZ1 LAZ1 DSC2 DSC2 CUV CUV CBP60G CBP60G NUP205 NUP205 F4KFE5_ARATH F4KFE5_ARATH CRT3 CRT3 AGO1 AGO1 T20D16.10 T20D16.10 BZIP10 BZIP10 PRP19B PRP19B LYK5 LYK5 MES9 MES9 RPN8A RPN8A LAZ5 LAZ5 PLP2 PLP2 BIK1 BIK1 NDR1 NDR1 MYB51 MYB51 T1F9.1 T1F9.1 T1F9.2 T1F9.2 T1F9.5 T1F9.5 T1F9.7 T1F9.7 T1F9.8 T1F9.8 T1F9.9 T1F9.9 T1F9.11 T1F9.11 T1F9.12 T1F9.12 SD129 SD129 T1F9.14 T1F9.14 T1F9.15 T1F9.15 F12B7.7 F12B7.7 LYK4 LYK4 BGLU26 BGLU26 RPS5 RPS5 CNGC2 CNGC2 CYP83B1 CYP83B1 ERF2 ERF2 ERF4 ERF4 MKK3 MKK3 MKK4 MKK4 MES7 MES7 SDR3a SDR3a CYP79B2 CYP79B2 MEKK2 MEKK2 B120 B120 PEP7 PEP7 CHI-B CHI-B CML24 CML24 HSP90-1 HSP90-1 CYP18-3 CYP18-3 TGA2 TGA2 HSP90-3 HSP90-3 HSP90-2 HSP90-2 DCL4 DCL4 CDC5 CDC5 NPR1 NPR1 LSD1 LSD1 RBG7 RBG7 RBG8 RBG8 CP31A CP31A CRK13 CRK13 UGGT UGGT PAT1-2 PAT1-2 PBL27 PBL27 PIP1 PIP1 MEKK1 MEKK1 MPK3 MPK3 MPK4 MPK4 MPK6 MPK6 EARLI1 EARLI1 RPM1 RPM1 TGA3 TGA3 QQS QQS DCL2 DCL2 TPST TPST PRL1 PRL1 RPS2 RPS2 SAG101 SAG101 CYP79B3 CYP79B3 MORC2 MORC2 CEP16 CEP16 LYM3 LYM3 GLR3.6 GLR3.6 MORC1 MORC1 AHL20 AHL20 SDE3 SDE3 BAD1 BAD1 RIN4 RIN4 OCP3 OCP3 DBR4 DBR4 T6K12.17 T6K12.17 F10B6.18 F10B6.18 PEP3 PEP3 PEP5 PEP5 BRN1 BRN1 HUB1 HUB1 MKK5 MKK5 TRAF1A TRAF1A MES1 MES1 RIN2 RIN2 HSR4 HSR4 RPP8 RPP8 RIN3 RIN3 LOL1 LOL1 LYM1 LYM1 DTX47 DTX47 MOS4 MOS4 MKK1 MKK1 CNGC4 CNGC4 PRP19A PRP19A NAC089 NAC089 LIF2 LIF2 HEN1 HEN1 TTM2 TTM2 CAD1 CAD1 HUB2 HUB2 GLR3.3 GLR3.3 SARD1 SARD1 PBS1 PBS1 NUP88 NUP88 EXO70B1 EXO70B1 CEP1-2 CEP1-2 CP31B CP31B PEP4 PEP4 BGLU42 BGLU42 SAG12 SAG12 GLIP1 GLIP1 MYB29 MYB29 DELTA-OAT DELTA-OAT EXO70E2 EXO70E2 GSTU13 GSTU13 ADR1 ADR1 SGS3 SGS3 EXO70E1 EXO70E1 FMO1 FMO1 RLP1 RLP1 PBL19 PBL19 PEP1 PEP1 PEP2 PEP2 CYP81F2 CYP81F2 CES101 CES101 DCL3 DCL3 WRKY70 WRKY70 GH3.12 GH3.12 NPR6 NPR6 AHL15 AHL15 RPP13 RPP13 SBT3.3 SBT3.3 PAD4 PAD4 CYSC1 CYSC1 AHL27 AHL27 MKK2 MKK2 HR4 HR4 HR3 HR3 HR2 HR2 HR1 HR1 MYB30 MYB30 RAR1 RAR1 RDR6 RDR6 DOX1 DOX1 NSL1 NSL1 MYB72 MYB72 RLP3 RLP3 RPN1A RPN1A PEP6 PEP6 AGO5 AGO5 F27C12.22 F27C12.22 RIN13 RIN13 JAR1 JAR1 VDAC3 VDAC3 MYB28 MYB28 SINE2 SINE2 AHL19 AHL19 BAH1 BAH1 TMM TMM PEPR1 PEPR1 T22A6.120 T22A6.120 CPR1 CPR1 AZI1 AZI1 EDS1B EDS1B EDS1 EDS1 SGT1A SGT1A SGT1B SGT1B WRKY11 WRKY11 SNI1 SNI1 T28P6.7 T28P6.7 T28P6.2 T28P6.2 T25B24.4 T25B24.4 T25B24.10 T25B24.10 T25B24.15 T25B24.15 DSC1 DSC1 RPT2A RPT2A SHM1 SHM1 PLDGAMMA1 PLDGAMMA1 CLV3 CLV3 RPS4-2 RPS4-2 ABCG36 ABCG36 LPP1 LPP1 CP29B CP29B NPR5 NPR5 PSKR1 PSKR1
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TRAF1BTNF receptor-associated factor homolog 1b; Functions redundantly with TRAF1A in the regulation of plant immune response. Contributes to the turnover of the nucleotide-binding domain and leucine-rich repeat-containing (NB-LRR) immune receptors SNC1 and RPS2. May associate with an E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase complex, which modulates ubiquitination and subsequent degradation of NB-LRR immune sensors to maintain their homeostasis. Functions redundantly with TRAF1A in the regulation of autophagosome formation. Required for SINAT1- and SINAT2-mediated ubiquitination and destabilization of AT [...] (1082 aa)
CERK1Chitin elicitor receptor kinase 1; Lysin motif (LysM) receptor kinase that functions as a cell surface receptor in chitin elicitor (chitooligosaccharides) signaling leading to innate immunity toward both biotic and abiotic stresses (e.g. tolerance to salinity, heavy-metal stresses, and Botrytis cinerea infection). Recognizes microbe-derived N-acetylglucosamine (NAG)- containing ligands. Involved in the resistance to pathogenic fungi Alternaria brassicicola and Erysiphe cichoracearum, probably by sensing microbe-associated molecular patterns (MAMP) and pathogen-associated molecular patt [...] (617 aa)
CPSF3030-kDa cleavage and polyadenylation specificity factor 30; Component of the cleavage and polyadenylation specificity factor (CPSF) complex that play a key role in pre-mRNA 3'-end formation. May interact with poly(A) polymerase and other factors to bring about cleavage and poly(A) addition (By similarity). Mediates poly(A) site selection. Binds RNA in a calcium- dependent manner. Exhibits endonuclease activity with an ability to nick and degrade linear as well as circular single-stranded RNA that leaves RNA 3' ends with hydroxyl groups, thus mediating processing of the pre-mRNA as a pre [...] (631 aa)
EFRLRR receptor-like serine/threonine-protein kinase EFR; Constitutes the pattern-recognition receptor (PPR) that determines the specific perception of elongation factor Tu (EF-Tu), a potent elicitor of the defense response to pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). Reduces transformation by Rhizobium radiobacter probably by inducing plant defense during the interaction. Binding to the effector AvrPto1 from P.syringae blocks the downstream plant immune response while interaction with hopD2 decreases the phosphorylation level of EFR upon elf18 treatment. Specific endoplasmic reticu [...] (1031 aa)
LRK10L-2.6Glycerophosphodiester phosphodiesterase protein kinase domain-containing GDPDL2; Atypical receptor-like kinase involved in disease resistance. In the N-terminal section; belongs to the glycerophosphoryl diester phosphodiesterase family. (1118 aa)
VAD1Protein VASCULAR ASSOCIATED DEATH 1, chloroplastic; Involved in ethylene- and salicylic acid-dependent cell death control associated with cells in the vicinity of vascular bundles. (598 aa)
RLK7Receptor-like protein kinase 7; Plays a role in pattern-triggered immunity (PTI) signaling induced by pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). Acts as a receptor for PIP1 defense peptide. PIP1 is an endogenous secreted peptide that acts as elicitor of immune response and positive regulator of defense response. Involved in the control of seed germination speed, in tolerance to oxidative stress and in maintaining seed longevity. (977 aa)
ILAProtein ILITYHIA; Involved in immunity against bacterial infection and in non- host resistance. Required for embryo development. Required for systemic acquired resistance, but functions in an salicylic acid-independent manner. Required for bacterium-triggered stomatal closure response ; Belongs to the GCN1 family. (2696 aa)
LYK3LysM domain receptor-like kinase 3; Putative Lysin motif (LysM) receptor kinase that may recognize microbe-derived N-acetylglucosamine (NAG)-containing ligands. Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. Ser/Thr protein kinase family. (651 aa)
ILK1Integrin-linked protein kinase 1; Functions as a link between plant defense pathways, stress responses and potassium homeostasis. Promotes osmotic stress sensitivity, responses to the bacterial-derived pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP) flg22, and resistance to bacterial pathogens. Promotes the accumulation of POT5/HAK5, a potassium transporter that mediates high-affinity uptake during potassium deficiency. (479 aa)
BIG5Brefeldin A-inhibited guanine nucleotide-exchange protein 5; Activates the ARF proteins by exchanging bound GDP for free GTP. Plays a role in vesicular protein sorting. Acts as the major regulator of early endosomal vesicle trafficking but is also involved in the endocytosis process. Target of hopM1, a conserved Pseudomonas syringae virulence protein that directs the protein to its own proteasome-mediated degradation. Plays a broad role in PAMP-triggered immunity (PTI), effector-triggered immunity (ETI), and salicylic acid (SA)-regulated immunity. (1739 aa)
PIP2PAMP-induced secreted peptide 2; Endogenous secreted peptide that acts as elicitor of immune response and positive regulator of defense response. Amplifies the immune response triggered by flg22, the active epitope of bacterial flagellin. Acts as negative regulator of root growth. (84 aa)
EDR2Protein ENHANCED DISEASE RESISTANCE 2; Negative regulator of the salicylic acid- (SA-) mediated resistance to pathogens, including the biotrophic powdery mildew pathogens Golovinomyces cichoracearum and Blumeria graminis, and the downy mildew pathogen Hyaloperonospora parasitica, probably by limiting the initiation of cell death and the establishment of the hypersensitive response (HR). Prevents ethylene-induced senescence. Binds to phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate (PtdIns(4)P) in vitro. (718 aa)
LAZ1Protein LAZ1; Required for programmed cell death (PCD) associated with hypersensitive response (HR). Involved both in the induction of EDS1/PAD4 mediated HR and in accelerated cell death in the acd11 mutant. Not required for HR induction elicited through pathways exclusively dependent on CC-NB-LRR resistance proteins. Belongs to the TMEM184 family. (485 aa)
DSC2Disease resistance-like protein DSC2; TIR-NB-LRR receptor-like protein involved in plant defense. Acts as a trigger of hypersensitive response (HR). Functions as guard of CAMTA3, a negative regulator of immunity, during pathogen infection. Belongs to the disease resistance NB-LRR family. (1210 aa)
CUVPre-mRNA-splicing factor ATP-dependent RNA helicase DEAH7; Involved in pre-mRNA splicing by mediating structural transitions of the spliceosome during the catalytic step. Facilitates expression of genes involved in auxin-mediated development including male-gametophyte transmission, apical-basal patterning of embryonic and gynoecium development, stamen development, phyllotactic flower positioning, and vascular development. Also involved in root-meristem maintenance and planar polarity of root-hair positioning. Acts as a component of RNA silencing that regulates distinct classes of endog [...] (1255 aa)
CBP60GCalmodulin-binding protein 60 G; Transcription activator that binds DNA in a sequence-specific manner, 5'-GAAATTTTGG-3', to promote the expression of target genes. Recruited to the promoter of ICS1 and other defense-related genes (e.g. PR1, PR2 and EDS5) in response to both biotic (e.g. Pseudomonas syringae pv. maculicola ES4326, P. syringae pv. tomato DC3000, and microbe- associated molecular patterns (MAMPs) such as flg22) and abiotic stresses (e.g. UV-B, drought and abscisic acid), thus triggering rapid defense responses by stimulating salicylic acid (SA) biosynthesis. Involved in b [...] (563 aa)
NUP205Nuclear pore complex protein NUP205; Belongs to the NUP186/NUP192/NUP205 family. (1838 aa)
F4KFE5_ARATHUncharacterized protein. (82 aa)
CRT3Calreticulin-3; Molecular calcium-binding chaperone promoting folding, oligomeric assembly and quality control in the ER via the calreticulin/calnexin cycle. This lectin may interact transiently with almost all of the monoglucosylated glycoproteins that are synthesized in the ER. Required for elongation factor Tu receptor (EFR) accumulation and for EFR, but not flagellin-sensing 2 (FLS2) signaling. (424 aa)
AGO1Protein argonaute 1; Involved in RNA-mediated post-transcriptional gene silencing (PTGS). Main component of the RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC) that binds to a short guide RNA such as microRNA (miRNA) or small interfering RNA (siRNA). RISC uses the mature miRNA or siRNA as a guide for slicer-directed cleavage of homologous mRNAs to repress gene expression. Requires DRB1 for directional loading of the small RNA duplex (guide stand and passenger strand) onto RISC for passenger strand degradation. Unlike animal RISC that associates in high molecular weight complex, Arabidopsis RISC i [...] (1048 aa)
T20D16.10Transmembrane protein. (86 aa)
BZIP10Basic leucine zipper 10; Transcription factor that binds to the C-box-like motif (5'- TGCTGACGTCA-3') and G-box-like motif (5'-CCACGTGGCC-3'), ABRE elements, of gene promoters. Binds to the 5'-ACGT-3' motif of seed storage protein (SSP) encoding gene promoters (e.g. At2S and CRU3) and promotes their expression in seeds when in complex with ABI3 and BZIP53. Involved in the defense responses to the biotrophic pathogen Hyaloperonospora parasitica and oxidative stress responses; mediates positively cell death. Promotes BZIP53-mediated response to hypoosmolarity stress that leads to POX1/PR [...] (411 aa)
PRP19BPre-mRNA-processing factor 19 homolog 2; Probable ubiquitin-protein ligase which is mainly involved pre-mRNA splicing and DNA repair (By similarity). Component of the MAC complex that probably regulates defense responses through transcriptional control and thereby is essential for plant innate immunity. (525 aa)
LYK5Protein LYK5; May recognize microbe-derived N-acetylglucosamine (NAG)- containing ligands; Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. Ser/Thr protein kinase family. (664 aa)
MES9Methylesterase 9; Methylesterase shown to have carboxylesterase activity, methyl indole-3-acetic acid (MeIAA) esterase activity, methyl salicylate (MeSA) esterase activity and methyl jasmonate (MeJA) esterase activity in vitro. Required to convert methyl salicylate (MeSA) to salicylic acid (SA) as part of the signal transduction pathways that activate systemic acquired resistance in systemic tissue. MeSA is believed to be an inactive form that needs to be demethylated to exert a biological effect; Belongs to the AB hydrolase superfamily. Methylesterase family. (256 aa)
RPN8A26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 7 homolog A; Acts as a regulatory subunit of the 26S proteasome which is involved in the ATP-dependent degradation of ubiquitinated proteins (By similarity). Required for innate immunity. (308 aa)
LAZ5Disease resistance protein LAZ5; TIR-NB-LRR receptor-like protein that may play a role in plant innate immunity. May trigger hypersensitive programmed cell death in response to pathogen attack. Involved in tolerance to tobacco ringspot virus (TRSV). (1170 aa)
PLP2Patatin-like protein 2; Possesses non-specific lipolytic acyl hydrolase (LAH) activity. Catalyzes the hydrolysis of the galactolipids monogalactosyldiacylglycerol (MGDG) and digalactosyldiacylglycerol (DGDG), and less efficiently the phoshpolipids phosphatidylcholine (PC), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), phosphatidylglycerol (PG), phosphatidic acid (PA), phosphatidylserine (PS) and phosphatidylinositol (PI). Favors the release of fatty acid at the sn-1 position for PC or PE and the sn-2 position for PG, PA, PS and PI. Negatively affects disease resistance to the necrotic fungal pathogen [...] (407 aa)
BIK1Serine/threonine-protein kinase BIK1; Plays a central role in immune responses. Required to activate the resistance responses to necrotrophic pathogens. Phosphorylates FLS2 and BAK1. Involved in pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP)-triggered immunity (PTI) signaling and defense responses downstream of FLS2. Acts additively with PBL1 in PTI defenses. Acts as positive regulator of the PAMP flg22-induced increase of cytosolic calcium. Binds directly and phosphorylates the NADPH oxidase RBOHD at specific sites in a calcium-independent manner to enhance reactive oxygen species (ROS) [...] (395 aa)
NDR1Protein NDR1; Involved in disease resistance. Required for resistance conferred by multiple R genes recognizing different bacterial and oomycete pathogen isolates like avirulent P.syringae or H.parasitica (downy mildew). Required for the establishment of hypersensitive response (HR) and systemic acquired resistance (SAR) after infection with the bacterial pathogen P.syringae DC3000 carrying avrRpt2. Required for resistance to the soilborne fungus V.longisporum. Interaction with RIN4 is required for the activation of the R gene RPS2 and RPS2-mediated resistance. (219 aa)
MYB51Transcription factor MYB51; Transcription factor positively regulating indolic glucosinolate biosynthetic pathway genes. (352 aa)
T1F9.1G-type lectin S-receptor-like serine/threonine-protein kinase At1g61490. (804 aa)
T1F9.2G-type lectin S-receptor-like serine/threonine-protein kinase At1g61480. (809 aa)
T1F9.5G-type lectin S-receptor-like serine/threonine-protein kinase At1g61460. (749 aa)
T1F9.7G-type lectin S-receptor-like serine/threonine-protein kinase At1g61440. (792 aa)
T1F9.8G-type lectin S-receptor-like serine/threonine-protein kinase At1g61430. (806 aa)
T1F9.9G-type lectin S-receptor-like serine/threonine-protein kinase At1g61420. (807 aa)
T1F9.11G-type lectin S-receptor-like serine/threonine-protein kinase At1g61400. (814 aa)
T1F9.12G-type lectin S-receptor-like serine/threonine-protein kinase At1g61390; Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. Ser/Thr protein kinase family. (831 aa)
SD129G-type lectin S-receptor-like serine/threonine-protein kinase SD1-29; Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. Ser/Thr protein kinase family. (805 aa)
T1F9.14G-type lectin S-receptor-like serine/threonine-protein kinase At1g61370. (814 aa)
T1F9.15G-type lectin S-receptor-like serine/threonine-protein kinase At1g61360; Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. Ser/Thr protein kinase family. (821 aa)
F12B7.7G-type lectin S-receptor-like serine/threonine-protein kinase At1g67520. (818 aa)
LYK4LysM domain receptor-like kinase 4; Lysin motif (LysM) receptor kinase that functions as a cell surface receptor in chitin elicitor (chitooligosaccharides) signaling leading to innate immunity. Recognizes microbe-derived N- acetylglucosamine (NAG)-containing ligands. Involved in the resistance to the pathogenic fungus Alternaria brassicicola and to the bacterial pathogen the bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv tomato DC3000, probably by sensing microbe-associated molecular pattern (MAMP) and pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMP). May play a role in detecting peptidoglyca [...] (612 aa)
BGLU26Beta-glucosidase 26, peroxisomal; Possesses beta-glucosidase activity toward 4-methyl- umbelliferyl-beta-D-glucoside in vitro. Possesses myrosinase activity toward indol-3-yl-methylglucosinolate (I3M) and 4-methoxy-indol-3-yl- methylglucosinolate (4MO-I3M) in vivo. Component of an inducible preinvasion resistance mechanism that prevents penetration of the nonhost fungal species B.graminis and E.pisi. Involved in indole glucosinolate (IGS) activation during pattern- triggered immunity (PTI). Functions as myrosinase for the breakdown of flg22-triggered IGS. Required for both callose depo [...] (560 aa)
RPS5Disease resistance protein RPS5; Disease resistance (R) protein that specifically recognizes the avrPphB type III effector avirulence protein from Pseudomonas syringae. Also confers resistance against Hyaloperonospora parasitica (downy mildew). Resistance proteins guard the plant against pathogens that contain an appropriate avirulence protein via an indirect interaction with this avirulence protein. That triggers a defense system including the hypersensitive response, which restricts the pathogen growth. Requires PBS1 to trigger the defense reaction against avrPphB. In case of infecti [...] (889 aa)
CNGC2Cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channel 2; Acts as cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channel. Permeable to potassium and calcium in a cyclic nucleotide-dependent fashion (cAMP or cGMP). Could also transport lithium, cesium and rubium and displays a strong selectivity against sodium. Seems to directly participate in pathogen-induced calcium influx. May function in homeostasis, re- establishing ionic balance after defense action and/or other stimuli. Could mediate the initiation of the developmentally regulated cell death programs. (726 aa)
CYP83B1Cytochrome P450 83B1; Involved in the metabolism of aromatic oximes. Catalyzes the oxime metabolizing step in indole glucosinolate biosynthesis by converting indole-3-acetaldoxime into indole-3-S-alkyl-thiohydroximate. Probably required for glucosinolate activation in response to pathogens. Functions in auxin homeostasis because indole-3-acetaldoxime also serves as a precursor for auxin biosynthesis. Specifically metabolizes (E)-p-hydroxyphenylacetaldoxime into an S-alkyl- thiohydroximate. (499 aa)
ERF2Ethylene-responsive transcription factor 2; Acts as a transcriptional activator. Binds to the GCC-box pathogenesis-related promoter element. Involved in the regulation of gene expression by stress factors and by components of stress signal transduction pathways. Involved in disease resistance pathways. Belongs to the AP2/ERF transcription factor family. ERF subfamily. (243 aa)
ERF4Ethylene-responsive transcription factor 4; Acts as a transcriptional repressor. Binds to the GCC-box pathogenesis-related promoter element. Involved in the regulation of gene expression by stress factors and by components of stress signal transduction pathways, and could also regulate other AtERFs. (222 aa)
MKK3Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 3; MKK3-MPK6 module plays an important role in the jasmonate signal transduction pathway through the negative regulation of MYC2/JIN1 expression. Activates by phosphorylation the downstream MPK6, MPK7 and MPK8. MKK3-MPK7 module acts as a positive regulator of PR1 gene expression. MKK3-MPK8 module negatively regulates ROS accumulation through controlling expression of the RBOHD gene. Component of the abscisic acid (ABA) signaling pathway that may act as ABA signal transducer in the context of abiotic stresses. Activator of the C group MAP kinases. [...] (520 aa)
MKK4Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 4; Involved in the second phase of hydrogen peroxide generation during hypersensitive response-like cell death. Involved in the innate immune MAP kinase signaling cascade (MEKK1, MKK4/MKK5 and MPK3/MPK6) downstream of bacterial flagellin receptor FLS2. Activates by phosphorylation the downstream MPK3 and MPK6. YDA-MKK4/MKK5-MPK3/MPK6 module regulates stomatal cell fate before the guard mother cell (GMC) is specified. This MAPK cascade also functions downstream of the ER receptor in regulating coordinated local cell proliferation, which shapes the [...] (366 aa)
MES7Methylesterase 7; Methylesterase shown to have carboxylesterase activity, methyl indole-3-acetic acid (MeIAA) esterase activity and methyl salicylate (MeSA) esterase activity in vitro. Required to convert methyl salicylate (MeSA) to salicylic acid (SA) as part of the signal transduction pathways that activate systemic acquired resistance in systemic tissue. MeSA is believed to be an inactive form that needs to be demethylated to exert a biological effect. (260 aa)
SDR3aShort-chain dehydrogenase reductase 3a; Confers resistance to the incompatible pathogenic bacteria P.syringae pv. tomato DC3000 in a PR1-dependent manner. Seems not involved in abscisic acid (ABA) biosynthesis. Belongs to the short-chain dehydrogenases/reductases (SDR) family. (257 aa)
CYP79B2Tryptophan N-monooxygenase 1; Converts tryptophan to indole-3-acetaldoxime, a precursor for tryptophan-derived glucosinolates and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA). Involved in the biosynthetic pathway to 4-hydroxyindole-3-carbonyl nitrile (4-OH-ICN), a cyanogenic metabolite required for inducible pathogen defense. Belongs to the cytochrome P450 family. (541 aa)
MEKK2Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 9; Triggers SUMM2-mediated immune responses, including cell death and defense responses. Probably inhibited by the MEKK1-MKK1/ MKK2-MPK4 kinase cascade to adjust plant defense. Seems to contribute in transducing external glutamate (L-Glu) signal that elicits large-scale changes in root architecture. (773 aa)
B120G-type lectin S-receptor-like serine/threonine-protein kinase B120. (849 aa)
PEP7Elicitor peptide 7; Elicitor of plant defense. (85 aa)
CHI-BBasic endochitinase B; Defense against chitin-containing fungal pathogens. Seems particularly implicated in resistance to jasmonate-inducing pathogens such as A.brassicicola. In vitro antifungal activity against T.reesei, but not against A.solani, F.oxysporum, S.sclerotiorum, G.graminis and P.megasperma. (335 aa)
CML24Calcium-binding protein CML24; Calcium-binding protein that may positively regulate abscisic acid (ABA) inhibition of germination and seedling development. May be required for photoperiod-induced flowering and function in ion homeostasis. (161 aa)
HSP90-1Heat shock protein 90-1; Functions as a holding molecular chaperone (holdase) which stabilizes unfolding protein intermediates and rapidly releases them in an active form once stress has abated. Functions as a folding molecular chaperone (foldase) that assists the non-covalent folding of proteins in an ATP-dependent manner. Molecular chaperone involved in R gene-mediated disease resistance. Required for full RPS2- mediated resistance through interaction with RAR1. Possesses probably ATPase activity. (700 aa)
CYP18-3Peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase CYP18-3; PPIases accelerate the folding of proteins. It catalyzes the cis-trans isomerization of proline imidic peptide bonds in oligopeptides. Involved in de-etiolation. Reduces the sensitivity to brassinosteroids by decreasing somehow the abundance of the partially dephosphorylated form of BES1. Triggers the activation of bacterial AvrRpt2 protease activity upon infection by P.syringae. Activated AvrRpt2 confers virulence in plant lacking the RPS2 resistance gene. In plants expressing RPS2, the AvrRpt2-mediated degradation of RIN4 activates RPS2, w [...] (172 aa)
TGA2Transcription factor TGA2; Transcriptional activator that binds specifically to the DNA sequence 5'-TGACG-3'. Recognizes ocs elements like the as-1 motif of the cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter. Binding to the as-1-like cis elements mediate auxin- and salicylic acid-inducible transcription. Required to induce the systemic acquired resistance (SAR) via the regulation of pathogenesis-related genes expression. Binding to the as- 1 element of PR-1 promoter is salicylic acid-inducible and mediated by NPR1. Could also bind to the C-boxes (5'-ATGACGTCAT-3') with high affinity. (330 aa)
HSP90-3Heat shock protein 90-3; Functions as a holding molecular chaperone (holdase) which stabilizes unfolding protein intermediates and rapidly releases them in an active form once stress has abated. Functions as a folding molecular chaperone (foldase) that assists the non-covalent folding of proteins in an ATP-dependent manner. Regulates RPP4-mediated temperature-dependent cell death and defense responses. May assist SGT1B in the formation of SCF E3 ubiquitin ligase complexes that target the immune receptors SNC1, RPS2 and RPS4 for degradation, to regulate receptor levels and avoid autoimmunity. (699 aa)
HSP90-2Heat shock protein 90-2; Molecular chaperone. Involved in RPM1-mediated resistance. Component of the RPM1/RAR1/SGT1 complex. May stabilize RPM1 and protect it from SGT1-mediated degradation. Associates with RAR1 which may function as co-chaperone. Possesses ATPase activity. In the absence of heat shock, negatively regulates heat-inducible genes by actively suppressing heat shock transcription factor A1D (HSFA1D) function. Involved in the induction of heat shock transcription factor A2 (HSFA2) expression in response to oxidative stress. Required for stomatal closure and modulates transc [...] (699 aa)
DCL4Dicer-like protein 4; Ribonuclease (RNase) III involved in RNA-mediated post- transcriptional gene silencing (PTGS). Functions in the biogenesis of trans-acting small interfering RNAs (ta-siRNAs, derived from the TAS1, TAS2 or TAS3 endogenous transcripts) by cleaving small dsRNAs into 21- 24 nucleotide ta-siRNAs. Functions with the dsRNA-binding protein DRB4 in ta-siRNAs processing. Acts in the RDR6/SGS3/DCL4/AGO7 ta-siRNA pathway involved in leaf developmental timing. Plays a role in transitive silencing of transgenes by processing secondary siRNAs. This pathway, which requires DCL2 a [...] (1702 aa)
CDC5Cell division cycle 5-like protein; Component of the MAC complex that probably regulates defense responses through transcriptional control and thereby is essential for plant innate immunity. Possesses a sequence specific DNA sequence 'CTCAGCG' binding activity. Involved in mRNA splicing and cell cycle control. May also play a role in the response to DNA damage. Belongs to the CEF1 family. (844 aa)
NPR1Regulatory protein NPR1; May act as a substrate-specific adapter of an E3 ubiquitin- protein ligase complex (CUL3-RBX1-BTB) which mediates the ubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation of target proteins (By similarity). Key positive regulator of the SA-dependent signaling pathway that negatively regulates JA-dependent signaling pathway. Mediates the binding of TGA factors to the as-1 motif found in the pathogenesis-related PR-1 gene, leading to the transcriptional regulation of the gene defense. Controls the onset of systemic acquired resistance (SAR). Upon SAR induction, [...] (593 aa)
LSD1Protein LSD1; Negative regulator of reactive oxygen-induced cell death, cold stress-induced cell death, pathogen-induced hypersensitive response (HR), basal disease resistance. May be involved in the induction of the copper/zinc superoxide dismutase CSD1 and CSD2 that detoxify accumulating superoxide before the reactive oxygen species (ROS) can trigger a cell death cascade. LSD1 and LOL1 have antagonistic effects on CSD1 and CSD2 accumulation to regulate oxidative stress- induced cell death. Antagonizes the function of BZIP10, a positive regulator of cell death, by interacting in the c [...] (189 aa)
RBG7Glycine-rich RNA-binding protein 7; Plays a role in RNA transcription or processing during stress. Binds RNAs and DNAs sequence with a preference to single- stranded nucleic acids. Displays strong affinity to poly(U) and poly(G) sequence. Involved in mRNA alternative splicing of numerous targets by modulating splice site selection. Negatively regulates the circadian oscillations of its own transcript as well as RBG8 transcript. Forms an interlocked post-transcriptional negative feedback loop with the RBG8 autoregulatory circuit. Both proteins negatively autoregulate and reciprocally cr [...] (176 aa)
RBG8Glycine-rich RNA-binding protein 8; Plays a role in RNA transcription or processing during stress. Binds RNAs and DNAs sequence with a preference to single- stranded nucleic acids. Involved in mRNA alternative splicing of numerous targets by modulating splice site selection. Negatively regulates the circadian oscillations of its own transcript as well as RBG7 transcript. Forms an interlocked post-transcriptional negative feedback loop with the RBG7 autoregulatory circuit. Both proteins negatively autoregulate and reciprocally crossregulate by binding to their pre-mRNAs and promoting un [...] (169 aa)
CP31A31 kDa ribonucleoprotein, chloroplastic; Required for specific RNA editing events in chloroplasts and stabilizes specific chloroplast mRNAs. Associates with the 3'-terminus ndhF mRNAs and protects them against 3'-exonucleolytic degradation. Required for normal chloroplast development under cold stress conditions by stabilizing transcripts of numerous mRNAs under these conditions. May modulate telomere replication through RNA binding domains. (329 aa)
CRK13Cysteine-rich receptor-like protein kinase 13; Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. Ser/Thr protein kinase family. CRK subfamily. (673 aa)
UGGTUDP-glucose:glycoprotein glucosyltransferase; Recognizes glycoproteins with minor folding defects. Reglucosylates single N-glycans near the misfolded part of the protein, thus providing quality control for protein folding in the endoplasmic reticulum. Reglucosylated proteins are recognized by calreticulin for recycling to the endoplasmic reticulum and refolding or degradation. Required for elongation factor Tu receptor (EFR), but not flagellin- sensing 2 (FLS2) signaling. (1613 aa)
PAT1-2Protein PAT1 homolog; Activator of mRNA decapping. Involved in mRNA decay via decapping. Involved in disease resistance in response to biotrophic and necrotrophic pathogens. Is part of a signaling pathway including MPK4 and the disease resistance protein SUMM2. (793 aa)
PBL27Serine/threonine-protein kinase PBL27; Receptor-like cytoplasmic kinase involved in the transduction of signal between the host cell surface chitin receptor complex CERK1- LYK5 and the intracellular MAPKKK5-dependent mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade that leads to chitin-induced immunity. Phosphorylates and activates MAPKKK5 when phosphorylated by CERK1 after elicitation by chitin. (513 aa)
PIP1PAMP-induced secreted peptide 1; Endogenous secreted peptide that acts as elicitor of immune response and positive regulator of defense response. Amplifies the immune response triggered by flg22, the active epitope of bacterial flagellin. Acts as negative regulator of root growth. (72 aa)
MEKK1Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 1; The MEKK1, MKK1/MKK2 and MPK4 function in a signaling pathway that modulates the expression of genes responding to biotic and abiotic stresses and also plays an important role in pathogen defense by negatively regulating innate immunity. Involved in the innate immune MAP kinase signaling cascade (MEKK1, MKK4/MKK5 and MPK3/MPK6) downstream of bacterial flagellin receptor FLS2. May be involved in the cold and salinity stress-mediated MAP kinase signaling cascade (MEKK1, MKK1/MKK2 and MPK4/MPK6). Activates by phosphorylation the downstream [...] (608 aa)
MPK3Mitogen-activated protein kinase 3; Involved in oxidative stress-mediated signaling cascade (such as ozone). Involved in the innate immune MAP kinase signaling cascade (MEKK1, MKK4/MKK5 and MPK3/MPK6) downstream of bacterial flagellin receptor FLS2. May be involved in hypersensitive response (HR)-mediated signaling cascade by modulating LIP5 phosphorylation and subsequent multivesicular bodies (MVBs) trafficking. May phosphorylate regulators of WRKY transcription factors. Mediates the phosphorylation of VIP1 and subsequent stress genes transcription in response to Agrobacterium. MKK9-M [...] (370 aa)
MPK4Mitogen-activated protein kinase 4; The ANPs-MKK6-MPK4 module is involved in the regulation of plant cytokinesis during meiosis and mitosis. Essential to promote the progression of cytokinesis and for cellularization (formation of the cell plate) during male-specific meiosis. Involved in cortical microtubules organization and stabilization by regulating the phosphorylation state of microtubule-associated proteins such as MAP65- 1. Involved in root hair development process. Negative regulator of systemic acquired resistance (SAR) and salicylic acid- (SA) mediated defense response. Requi [...] (376 aa)
MPK6Mitogen-activated protein kinase 6; Involved in oxidative stress-mediated signaling cascade (such as ozone). Involved in the innate immune MAP kinase signaling cascade (MEKK1, MKK4/MKK5 and MPK3/MPK6) downstream of bacterial flagellin receptor FLS2. May be involved in hypersensitive response (HR)-mediated signaling cascade by modulating LIP5 phosphorylation and subsequent multivesicular bodies (MVBs) trafficking. May phosphorylate regulators of WRKY transcription factors. Phosphorylates 1-aminocyclopropane-1- carboxylic acid synthases (ACS2 and ACS6) and may be involved in the regulati [...] (395 aa)
EARLI1Lipid transfer protein EARLI 1; Probable lipid transfer protein (LTP). May improve freezing survival. Seems to control the flowering process and lignin synthesis. Has an auxiliary role for germinability and early seedling development under low temperature and salt stress conditions, probably in an abscisic acid- (ABA) dependent manner. Confers resistance to Botrytis cinerea and exhibits anti-fungal activity, at least against S.cerevisiae, B. cinerea and Fusarium oxysporum, probably by increasing their membrane permeability. Belongs to the plant LTP family. PEARLI1 subfamily. (168 aa)
RPM1Disease resistance protein RPM1; Disease resistance (R) protein that specifically recognizes the AvrRpm1 type III effector avirulence protein from Pseudomonas syringae. Resistance proteins guard the plant against pathogens that contain an appropriate avirulence protein via an indirect interaction with this avirulence protein. That triggers a defense system including the hypersensitive response, which restricts the pathogen growth. Acts via its interaction with RIN4, and probably triggers the plant resistance when RIN4 is phosphorylated by AvrRpm1. It is then degraded at the onset of th [...] (926 aa)
TGA3Transcription factor TGA3; Transcriptional activator that binds specifically to the DNA sequence 5'-TGACG-3'. Recognizes ocs elements like the as-1 motif of the cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter. Binding to the as-1-like cis elements mediate auxin- and salicylic acid-inducible transcription. Required to induce the systemic acquired resistance (SAR) via the regulation of pathogenesis-related genes expression. Binding to the as- 1 element of PR-1 promoter is salicylic acid-inducible and mediated by NPR1. Could also bind to the Hex-motif (5'-TGACGTGG-3') another cis- acting element fo [...] (384 aa)
QQSProtein QQS; Involved in regulating carbon and nitrogen allocation to starch and protein. (59 aa)
DCL2Endoribonuclease Dicer homolog 2; Ribonuclease (RNase) III involved in RNA-mediated post- transcriptional gene silencing (PTGS). Involved in the processing of natural small interfering RNAs (nat-siRNAs, derived from cis-natural antisense transcripts) by cleaving small dsRNAs into 24 nucleotide nat- siRNAs. Plays an essential role in transitive silencing of transgenes by processing secondary siRNAs. This pathway, which requires DCL4 and RDR6, amplifies silencing by using the target RNA as substrate to generate secondary siRNAs, providing an efficient mechanism for long- distance silenci [...] (1388 aa)
TPSTProtein-tyrosine sulfotransferase; Catalyzes the O-sulfation of tyrosine residues within acidic motifs of polypeptides. (500 aa)
PRL1Protein pleiotropic regulatory locus 1; Pleiotropic regulator of glucose, stress and hormone responses. Also regulates cytochrome P450 CYP90A1/CPD. Coordinates the expression of hormone- and stress-related genes and genes related to cell wall modification and growth, leading to altered sugar-dependent growth and developmental responses. Component of the MAC complex that probably regulates defense responses through transcriptional control and thereby is essential for plant innate immunity. By suppressing the expression of several (1)O(2)-responsive genes, PRL1 seems to play a major role [...] (486 aa)
RPS2Disease resistance protein RPS2; Disease resistance (R) protein that specifically recognizes the AvrRpt2 type III effector avirulence protein from Pseudomonas syringae. Resistance proteins guard the plant against pathogens that contain an appropriate avirulence protein via an indirect interaction with this avirulence protein. That triggers a defense system including the hypersensitive response, which restricts the pathogen growth. Acts via its interaction with RIN4, and probably triggers the plant resistance when RIN4 is degraded by AvrRpt2. (909 aa)
SAG101Senescence-associated carboxylesterase 101; Acyl hydrolase that triggers the leaf senescence onset. Can use triolein as substrate to produce oleic acids. (537 aa)
CYP79B3Tryptophan N-monooxygenase 2; Converts tryptophan to indole-3-acetaldoxime, a precursor for tryptophan derived glucosinolates and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA). Belongs to the cytochrome P450 family. (543 aa)
MORC2Protein MICRORCHIDIA 2; Mediator of defense signaling triggered by distinct classes of R proteins. Required during hypersensitive response (HR) that confers disease resistance to turnip crinkle virus (TCV). Contributes to resistance against Pseudomonas syringae and Hyaloperonospora arabidopsidis, at early stages prior to cytosolic calcium ions Ca(2+) accumulation. Required for pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP)-triggered immunity, basal resistance, non-host resistance and systemic acquired resistance (SAR). Involved in RNA-directed DNA methylation (RdDM) as a component of the [...] (626 aa)
CEP16C-terminally encoded peptide 16; Extracellular signaling peptide that may regulate primary root growth rate and systemic nitrogen (N)-demand signaling. Belongs to the C-terminally encoded plant signaling peptide (CEP) family. (108 aa)
LYM3LysM domain-containing GPI-anchored protein 3; Required as a cell surface receptor for peptidoglycan (PGN) elicitor signaling leading to innate immunity. Plays an essential role in detecting PGNs and restricting bacterial growth (of Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 for example). (423 aa)
GLR3.6Glutamate receptor 3.6; Glutamate-gated receptor that probably acts as non-selective cation channel. Mediates leaf-to-leaf wound signaling. May be involved in light-signal transduction and calcium homeostasis via the regulation of calcium influx into cells. (903 aa)
MORC1Protein MICRORCHIDIA 1; Mediator of defense signaling triggered by distinct classes of R proteins. Required during hypersensitive response (HR) that confers disease resistance to turnip crinkle virus (TCV). Exhibits ATPase activity. Contributes to resistance against Pseudomonas syringae and Hyaloperonospora arabidopsidis, at early stages prior to cytosolic calcium ions Ca(2+) accumulation. Required for pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP)-triggered immunity (PTI), basal resistance, non-host resistance and systemic acquired resistance (SAR). Binds DNA/RNA in a non-specific manne [...] (635 aa)
AHL20AT-hook motif nuclear-localized protein 20; Transcription factor that specifically binds AT-rich DNA sequences related to the nuclear matrix attachment regions (MARs) (By similarity). Negatively regulates plant innate immunity (PTI) to pathogens through the down-regulation of the PAMP-triggered NHO1 and FRK1 expression. (281 aa)
SDE3Probable RNA helicase SDE3; Probable RNA helicase required for post-transcriptional gene silencing (PTGS), a process that provides protection in plants against virus infection and can suppress expression of transgenes. Plays a central role in RNA interference (RNAi) process, a process that mediates mRNA destruction of translational repression. Required for the assembly of the RISC complex, a complex required for target RNA destruction or repression. May be required in the RISC assembly to unwind miRNAs, in the production of single-stranded miRNA from the double-stranded miRNA, a key st [...] (1002 aa)
BAD1Ankyrin repeat-containing protein BDA1; Involved in plant defense. Required for basal resistance against Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000. Required for resistance against nonpathogenic bacteria. May be involved in signaling components that function downstream of SNC2 and upstream of NPR1 and WRKY70 to regulate defense responses. (426 aa)
RIN4RPM1-interacting protein 4; Essential regulator of plant defense, which plays a central role in resistance in case of infection by a pathogen. It is a common target for both type III avirulence proteins from P.syringae (AvrB, AvrRpm1 and AvrRpt2) and for the plant Resistance (R) proteins RPM1 and RPS2. In strains carrying the appropriate R gene for avirulence proteins of the pathogen, its association with avirulence proteins triggers a defense system including the hypersensitive response, which limits the spread of disease. In contrast, in plants lacking appropriate R genes, its associ [...] (211 aa)
OCP3Protein OVEREXPRESSOR OF CATIONIC PEROXIDASE 3; May modulate chromatin structure by regulation of nucleosome assembly/disassembly (By similarity). Homeodomain transcription factor that mediates jasmonic acid (JA)-mediated COI1-dependent and abscisic acid (ABA)-mediated PMR4-dependent resistance to infection by necrotrophic fungal pathogens (e.g. B.cinerea and P.cucumerina) and bacterial pathogens (e.g. P.syringae DC3000); this resistance involves at least callose deposition. Required for the P.fluorescens WCS417r-triggered JA- dependent induced systemic resistance (ISR) against both P. [...] (354 aa)
DBR4Double-stranded RNA-binding protein 4; Double-stranded RNA-binding protein involved in RNA-mediated post-transcriptional gene silencing (PTGS). Functions in the trans- acting small interfering RNAs (ta-siRNAs) biogenesis by binding and assisting DICER-LIKE 4 (DCL4). Required for DCL4 activity. Required for the 21 nucleotide ta-siRNAs production of the TAS3 transcript in leaves but not in flowers. Plays an important role in silencing RNA of both DNA and RNA viruses. Involved with argonaute 7 (AGO7) and RDR6 in turnip crinkle virus (TCV) silencing. May not be directly involved in viral s [...] (355 aa)
T6K12.17Disease resistance protein (TIR-NBS class). (531 aa)
F10B6.18MACPF domain-containing protein At1g14780; Negatively controls the salicylic acid (SA)-mediated pathway of programmed cell death in plant immunity. (627 aa)
PEP3Elicitor peptide 3; Elicitor of plant defense. (96 aa)
PEP5Elicitor peptide 5; Elicitor of plant defense. (86 aa)
BRN1RNA-binding protein BRN1; RNA-binding protein involved in the regulation of flowering time. Acts as repressor of the activity of SOC1, a transcriptional activator of flowering time. Binds to the 3'-UTR of SOC1 mRNA in the cytoplasm and participates in SOC1 mRNA decay, mediated by the distal region of the SOC1 3'-UTR. Acts as positive regulator of salicylic acid (SA)-mediated immunity. May act on SA signaling- related genes at a post-transcriptional level. (441 aa)
HUB1E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase BRE1-like 1; E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that monoubiquitinates H2B to form H2BK143ub1. H2BK143ub1 gives a specific tag for epigenetic transcriptional activation and is also prerequisite for H3K4me and maybe H3K79me. It thereby plays a central role in histone code and gene regulation. Forms a ubiquitin ligase complex in cooperation with the E2 enzyme UBC2/RAD6. Required for the regulation of flowering time and defense against necrotrophic fungal pathogens. Involved in the control of seed dormancy and germination. Belongs to the BRE1 family. (878 aa)
MKK5Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 5; Involved in the second phase of hydrogen peroxide generation during hypersensitive response-like cell death. Involved in the innate immune MAP kinase signaling cascade (MEKK1, MKK4/MKK5 and MPK3/MPK6) downstream of bacterial flagellin receptor FLS2. Activates by phosphorylation the downstream MPK3 and MPK6. YDA-MKK4/MKK5-MPK3/MPK6 module regulates stomatal cell fate before the guard mother cell (GMC) is specified. This MAPK cascade also functions downstream of the ER receptor in regulating coordinated local cell proliferation, which shapes the [...] (348 aa)
TRAF1ATNF receptor-associated factor homolog 1a; Functions redundantly with TRAF1B in the regulation of plant immune response. Contributes to the turnover of the nucleotide-binding domain and leucine-rich repeat-containing (NB-LRR) immune receptors SNC1 and RPS2. May associate with an E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase complex, which modulates ubiquitination and subsequent degradation of NB-LRR immune sensors to maintain their homeostasis. Functions redundantly with TRAF1B in the regulation of autophagosome formation. Required for SINAT1- and SINAT2-mediated ubiquitination and destabilization of AT [...] (1055 aa)
MES1Methylesterase 1; Methylesterase shown to have carboxylesterase activity, methyl indole-3-acetic acid (MeIAA) esterase activity, methyl salicylate (MeSA) esterase activity and methyl jasmonate (MeJA) esterase activity in vitro. Required to convert methyl salicylate (MeSA) to salicylic acid (SA) as part of the signal transduction pathways that activate systemic acquired resistance in systemic tissue. MeSA is believed to be an inactive form that needs to be demethylated to exert a biological effect. (263 aa)
RIN2E3 ubiquitin protein ligase RIN2; E3 ubiquitin protein ligase that acts as positive regulator of RPM1- and RPS2-dependent hypersensitive response (HR), in association with RIN3. Probably not required for RPM1 degradation during HR. (578 aa)
HSR4Protein HYPER-SENSITIVITY-RELATED 4. (576 aa)
RPP8Disease resistance protein RPP8; Disease resistance protein. Resistance proteins guard the plant against pathogens that contain an appropriate avirulence protein via an indirect interaction with this avirulence protein. That triggers a defense system including the hypersensitive response, which restricts the pathogen growth. The interaction with TIP (TCV-interacting protein) may be essential for the recognition of the avirulence proteins, and the triggering of the defense response. Triggers resistance to turnip crinkle virus (TCV) via a SAG101-dependent pathway. (908 aa)
RIN3E3 ubiquitin protein ligase RIN3; E3 ubiquitin protein ligase that acts as positive regulator of RPM1- and RPS2-dependent hypersensitive response (HR), in association with RIN2. Probably not required for RPM1 degradation during HR. (577 aa)
LOL1Protein LOL1; Positive regulator of reactive oxygen-induced cell death. May be involved in the repression of the copper/zinc superoxide dismutase CSD1 and CSD2 that detoxify accumulating superoxide before the reactive oxygen species (ROS) can trigger a cell death cascade. LSD1 and LOL1 have antagonistic effects on CSD1 and CSD2 accumulation to regulate oxidative stress-induced cell death. (154 aa)
LYM1LysM domain-containing GPI-anchored protein 1; Required as a cell surface receptor for peptidoglycan (PGN) elicitor signaling leading to innate immunity. Plays an essential role in detecting PGNs and restricting bacterial growth (of Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 for example). (416 aa)
DTX47Protein DETOXIFICATION 47, chloroplastic; Functions as a multidrug and toxin extrusion transporter in the export of salicylic acid (SA) from the chloroplast to the cytoplasm. Plays an essential function in plant defense via the pathogen-induced salicylic acid (SA) accumulation. Acts also as a key component of the Age-related resistance (ARR) pathway. (543 aa)
MOS4Pre-mRNA-splicing factor SPF27 homolog; Component of the MAC complex that probably regulates defense responses through transcriptional control and thereby is essential for plant innate immunity. Involved in mRNA splicing. (253 aa)
MKK1Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1; MEKK1, MKK1/MKK2 and MPK4/MPK6 function in a signaling pathway that modulates the expression of genes responding to biotic and abiotic stresses and also plays an important role in pathogen defense by negatively regulating innate immunity. Activates by phosphorylation the downstream MPK4. Acts redundantly with MKK2. MKK1-MPK6 module mediates abscisic acid (ABA)-dependent CAT1 expression with H(2)O(2) production and response to drought and salt stress. MKK1-MPK6 module is also involved in sugar signaling during the process of seed germination. (354 aa)
CNGC4Cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channel 4; Acts as cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channel. Permeable to potassium and sodium in a cyclic nucleotide-dependent fashion (cAMP or cGMP). Might constitute a common downstream component of the signaling pathways leading to hypersensitive response (HR). (694 aa)
PRP19APre-mRNA-processing factor 19 homolog 1; Probable ubiquitin-protein ligase which is mainly involved pre-mRNA splicing and DNA repair (By similarity). Component of the MAC complex that probably regulates defense responses through transcriptional control and thereby is essential for plant innate immunity. (523 aa)
NAC089NAC domain-containing protein 89; Transcription factor involved in plant cell division. (340 aa)
LIF2Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein Q; Transcriptional activator that binds DNA on GAGA-like motif and 5'-(C/G)ACGTG(G/T)C(A/G)-3' consensus motif in the promoters of target genes. Component of ribonucleosomes, which are complexes of at least 20 other different heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoproteins (hnRNP). hnRNP play an important role in processing of precursor mRNA in the nucleus (By similarity). Required during flower development and for cell fate determination. Acts both as an antagonist and as a promoter of polycomb LHP1 gene regulation activity, depending of target genes, [...] (495 aa)
HEN1Small RNA 2'-O-methyltransferase; Methyltransferase that adds a methyl group to the ribose of the last nucleotide of small RNAs (sRNAs). This protects the 3'-end of sRNAs from uridylation activity and subsequent degradation. Can methylate 3'-end of microRNAs (miRNAs), small interfering RNAs (siRNas) and trans-acting small interfering RNAs (ta-siRNAs). Involved in plant development through its role in small RNAs processing. Required for the specification of reproductive organ identities and the probable repression of A class genes. May control floral determinacy possibly by regulating t [...] (942 aa)
TTM2Inorganic pyrophosphatase TTM2; Exhibits pyrophosphatase activity with stronger affinity for pyrophosphate (PPi), moderate affinity for ATP and ADP, and weak affinity for tripolyphosphate (PPPi). No activity observed toward uridine substrate. Negative regulator of the salicylic acid (SA)- mediated amplification of defense responses against both virulent and avirulent pathogens, including oomycetes (e.g. H.arabidopsidis) and bacteria (e.g. P.syringae). Represses systemic acquired resistance (SAR). (674 aa)
CAD1MACPF domain-containing protein CAD1; Negatively controls the salicylic acid (SA)-mediated pathway of programmed cell death in plant immunity. (561 aa)
HUB2E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase BRE1-like 2; E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that monoubiquitinates H2B to form H2BK143ub1. H2BK143ub1 gives a specific tag for epigenetic transcriptional activation and is also prerequisite for H3K4me and maybe H3K79me. It thereby plays a central role in histone code and gene regulation. Forms a ubiquitin ligase complex in cooperation with the E2 enzyme UBC2/RAD6; Belongs to the BRE1 family. (900 aa)
GLR3.3Glutamate receptor 3.3; Glutamate-gated receptor that probably acts as non-selective cation channel, at least in roots and hypocotyls. Can be triggered by Ala, Asn, Cys, Glu, Gly, Ser and glutathione (a tripeptide consisting of Glu-Gly-Cys). Mediates leaf-to-leaf wound signaling. May be involved in light-signal transduction and calcium homeostasis via the regulation of calcium influx into cells. (933 aa)
SARD1Protein SAR DEFICIENT 1; Transcription activator that binds DNA in a sequence-specific manner, 5'-GAAATTTTGG-3', to promote the expression of target genes. Recruited to the promoter of ICS1 and other defense-related genes (e.g. PR1 and SID2) in response to both biotic (e.g. Pseudomonas syringae pv. maculicola ES4326) and abiotic stresses (e.g. UV-B), thus triggering slow defense responses by stimulating salicylic acid (SA) biosynthesis. Required for basal and systemic acquired resistance to P. syringae pv. maculicola and Hyaloperonospora arabidopsidis. Belongs to the plant ACBP60 prote [...] (451 aa)
PBS1Serine/threonine-protein kinase PBS1; Protein kinase required for plant defense mechanism mediated by the disease resistance (R) protein RPS5. In case of infection by Pseudomonas syringae, AvrPphB triggers RPS5-mediated defense mechanism via the cleavage of PBS1. Both kinase activity and cleavage by avrPphB are independently required to trigger the RPS5-mediated resistance. Contributes to PAMP-triggered immunity (PTI) signaling and defense responses downstream of FLS2. (456 aa)
NUP88Nuclear pore complex protein NUP88; Involved in the regulation of exportin-mediated nuclear protein export. Required for resistance mediated by multiple R proteins and for the appropriate nuclear accumulation of SNC1 and of the downstream defense signaling components EDS1 and NPR1. Not involved in salt tolerance, ethylene and auxin responses, but required for systemic acquired resistance. (810 aa)
EXO70B1Exocyst complex component EXO70B1; Component of an exocyst subcomplex specifically involved in autophagy-related, Golgi-independent membrane traffic to the vacuole. Regulates autophagosome formation and autophagy-related Golgi- independent import into the vacuole. Positive regulator of both abscisic acid (ABA)-promoted and mannitol (drought)-promoted stomatal closure. (624 aa)
CEP1-2KDEL-tailed cysteine endopeptidase CEP1; Possesses protease activity in vitro. Involved in the final stage of developmental programmed cell death and in intercalation of new cells. Cleaves extensins, thus probably supporting the final cell collapse. During the compatible interaction with the biotrophic powdery mildew fungus Erysiphe cruciferarum, involved in the control of late epidermal cell death that limits growth and susceptibility to the parasite. During anther development, involved in tapetal programmed cell death (PCD), leading to degeneration of tapetal cells and functional pol [...] (361 aa)
CP31BRNA-binding protein CP31B, chloroplastic; Required for specific RNA editing events in chloroplasts and stabilizes specific chloroplast mRNAs. (289 aa)
PEP4Elicitor peptide 4; Elicitor of plant defense. (81 aa)
BGLU42Beta-glucosidase 42; Involved in the secretion of root-derived phenolics upon iron ions (Fe) depletion. Promotes disease resistance toward B.cinerea, H.arabidopsidis and P.syringae pv. tomato DC3000. Required during rhizobacteria-mediated (e.g. P.fluorescens WCS417r) broad-spectrum induced systemic resistance (ISR) against several pathogens. Belongs to the glycosyl hydrolase 1 family. (490 aa)
SAG12Senescence-specific cysteine protease SAG12; Cysteine protease that may have a developmental senescence specific cell death function during apoptosis, heavy metal detoxification, and hypersensitive response. (346 aa)
GLIP1GDSL esterase/lipase 1; Confers resistance to the necrotrophic fungus Alternaria brassicicola. Possesses lipase and antimicrobial activities that directly disrupt fungal spore integrity. Triggers systemic resistance, mostly by the ethylene-dependent pathway. Belongs to the 'GDSL' lipolytic enzyme family. (374 aa)
MYB29Transcription factor MYB29; Plays a minor rheostat role in aliphatic glucosinolates (GLSs) biosynthesis, mostly short chained. Together with MYB28/HAG1 and MYB76/HAG2, promotes aliphatic glucosinolate biosynthesis but represses indolic glucosinolate biosynthesis. Prevents insect performance (e.g. lepidopteran insect Mamestra brassicae) by promoting glucosinolates. (336 aa)
DELTA-OATOrnithine aminotransferase, mitochondrial; Mediates degradation of arginine for nitrogen recycling. Plays a role in non-host disease resistance by regulating pyrroline-5- carboxylate metabolism-induced hypersensitive response. (475 aa)
EXO70E2Exocyst complex component EXO70E2; Influences the subcellular localization patterns of other exocyst complex proteins (e.g. SEC5A, SEC15A, SEC15B and EXO84B) leading to their recruitment to exocyst, well-defined large punctate structures throughout the cytosol. Essential component for the formation and the recruitment of exocyst subunits to the exocyst-positive organelle (EXPO), a secreted double membrane structure also called extracellular exosome, that acts as a sequester for cytosolic proteins to release them into the apoplast ; Belongs to the EXO70 family. (639 aa)
GSTU13Glutathione S-transferase U13; In vitro, possesses glutathione S-transferase activity toward 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (CDNB) and benzyl isothiocyanate (BITC). May be involved in the conjugation of reduced glutathione to a wide number of exogenous and endogenous hydrophobic electrophiles and have a detoxification role against certain herbicides. Belongs to the GST superfamily. Tau family. (227 aa)
ADR1Disease resistance protein ADR1; Disease resistance (R) protein that mediates resistance against Hyaloperonospora parasitica in a salicylic acid-dependent manner. Also mediates resistance against Erysiphe cichoracearum is both salicylic acid-dependent and partially NPR1-dependent. Resistance proteins guard the plant against pathogens that contain an appropriate avirulence protein via an indirect interaction with this avirulence protein. That triggers a defense system including the hypersensitive response, which restricts the pathogen growth. (787 aa)
SGS3Protein SUPPRESSOR OF GENE SILENCING 3; Required for post-transcriptional gene silencing and natural virus resistance. May bind nucleic acids and is essential for the biogenesis of trans-acting siRNAs but is not required for silencing induced by IR-PTGS. Involved in the juvenile-to-adult transition regulation. In case of begomoviruses infection, it is targeted by the viral protein V2 leading to suppression of post-transcriptional gene silencing. (625 aa)
EXO70E1Exocyst subunit Exo70 family protein; Component of the exocyst complex. (658 aa)
FMO1Probable flavin-containing monooxygenase 1; Required for the establishment of systemic acquired resistance (SAR). Not involved in local defense mechanisms. Confers a salicylic acid-dependent (SA) resistance to virulent pathogens such as P.syringae pv tomato and H.parasitica. (530 aa)
RLP1Receptor-like protein 1; Involved in plant defense. Confers resistance to the bacterial pathogen Xanthomonas through recognition of the microbe- associated molecular pattern (MAMP) eMax. Functionality seems to depend on the presence of the receptor kinase SOBIR1 as an adapter protein. Belongs to the RLP family. (1077 aa)
PBL19Probable serine/threonine-protein kinase PBL19; May be involved in plant defense signaling. (410 aa)
PEP1Elicitor peptide 1; Elicitor of plant defense. Induces the production of plant defensin (PDF1.2) and of H(2)O(2). Promotes resistance to the root fungal pathogen P.irregulare. (92 aa)
PEP2Elicitor peptide 2; Elicitor of plant defense. (109 aa)
CYP81F2Cytochrome P450 81F2; Involved in indole glucosinolate biosynthesis. Catalyzes hydroxylation reactions of the glucosinolate indole ring. Converts indol-3-yl-methylglucosinolate (I3M) to 4-hydroxy-indol-3-yl- methylglucosinolate (4OH-I3M) and/or 1-hydroxy-indol-3-yl- methylglucosinolate (1OH-I3M) intermediates. These hydroxy intermediates are converted to 4-methoxy-indol-3-yl-methylglucosinolate (4MO-I3M) and 1-methoxy-indol-3-yl-methylglucosinolate (1MO-I3M) by indole glucosinolate methyltransferase 1 and 2 (IGMT1 and IGMT2). Contributes to defense against the green peach aphid (Myzus [...] (491 aa)
CES101G-type lectin S-receptor-like serine/threonine-protein kinase CES101; Promotes the expression of genes involved in photosynthesis at least in dedifferentiated calli. (850 aa)
DCL3Endoribonuclease Dicer homolog 3; Ribonuclease (RNase) III involved in RNA-mediated post- transcriptional gene silencing (PTGS). Involved in the processing of repeat-associated small interfering RNAs (ra-siRNAs, derived from heterochromatin and DNA repeats such as transposons) by cleaving small dsRNAs into 24 nucleotide ra-siRNAs. Plays a role in antiviral RNA silencing. Involved in the production of viral siRNAs derived from the cabbage leaf curl virus (CaLCuV) and tobacco rattle virus (TRV). Targeted by the viral silencing suppressor (VSR) protein 2b of the cucumber mosaic virus (CMV [...] (1580 aa)
WRKY70Probable WRKY transcription factor 70; Transcription factor involved in senescence, biotic and abiotic stress responses by modulating various phytohormones signaling pathways. Interacts specifically with the W box (5'- (T)TGAC[CT]-3'), a frequently occurring elicitor-responsive cis-acting element (By similarity). Binds to the 5'-[CT]GACTTTT-3' motif in promoters of target genes to induce their expression. Plays an important but not indispensable role in jasmonate and salicylic acid signaling. Regulates positively the salicylic acid (SA)-mediated signal pathway, but negatively the jasmo [...] (294 aa)
GH3.124-substituted benzoates-glutamate ligase GH3.12; Catalyzes the conjugation of specific amino acids (e.g. Glu and possibly His, Lys, and Met) to their preferred acyl substrates (e.g. 4-substituted benzoates), in a magnesium ion- and ATP-dependent manner. Can use 4-substituted benzoates such as 4-aminobenzoate (pABA), 4-fluorobenzoate and 4-hydroxybenzoate (4-HBA), and, to a lesser extent, benzoate, vanillate and trans-cinnamate, but not 2-substituted benzoates and salicylic acid (SA), as conjugating acyl substrates. Involved in both basal and induced resistance in a SA-dependent manner. [...] (575 aa)
NPR6Regulatory protein NPR6; May act as a substrate-specific adapter of an E3 ubiquitin- protein ligase complex (CUL3-RBX1-BTB) which mediates the ubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation of target proteins (By similarity). Acts redundantly with BOP2. BOP1/2 promote leaf and floral meristem fate and determinacy in a pathway targeting AP1 and AGL24. BOP1/2 act as transcriptional co-regulators through direct interaction with TGA factors, including PAN, a direct regulator of AP1. Controls lateral organ fate through positive regulation of adaxial-abaxial polarity genes ATHB-14/PHB [...] (467 aa)
AHL15AT-hook motif nuclear-localized protein 15; Transcription factor that specifically binds AT-rich DNA sequences related to the nuclear matrix attachment regions (MARs) (By similarity). Binds the DNA sequence GNFEI (GA-negative feedback element I) in the GA3OX1 promoter. Negatively regulates plant innate immunity (PTI) to pathogens through the down-regulation of the PAMP-triggered FRK1 expression. (310 aa)
RPP13Disease resistance protein RPP13; Disease resistance protein. Resistance proteins guard the plant against pathogens that contain an appropriate avirulence protein via an indirect interaction with this avirulence protein. That triggers a defense system including the hypersensitive response, which restricts the pathogen growth. In contrast to other resistance proteins, it works independently of ESD1 and NSD1 proteins and does not require the accumulation of salicylic acid, suggesting the existence of an independent signaling pathway. The specificity to avirulence proteins differs in the [...] (835 aa)
SBT3.3Subtilisin-like protease SBT3.3; Serine protease that plays a role in the control of the establishment of immune priming and systemic induced resistance. (777 aa)
PAD4Lipase-like PAD4; Probable lipase required downstream of MPK4 for accumulation of the plant defense-potentiating molecule, salicylic acid, thus contributing to the plant innate immunity against invasive biotrophic pathogens and to defense mechanisms upon recognition of microbe- associated molecular patterns (MAMPs). Participates in the regulation of various molecular and physiological processes that influence fitness. Together with SG101, required for programmed cell death (PCD) triggered by NBS-LRR resistance proteins (e.g. RPS4, RPW8.1 and RPW8.2) in response to the fungal toxin fumo [...] (541 aa)
CYSC1Bifunctional L-3-cyanoalanine synthase/cysteine synthase C1, mitochondrial; Acts as a major beta-cyanoalanine synthase. The cyanoalanine synthesis reaction is more efficient than the cysteine synthase activity. Probably unable to interact with SAT and to form the decameric Cys synthase complex (CSC) and is therefore not an enzymatically true OASTL protein. Probably involved in the detoxification of cyanide that arises from ethylene biosynthesis. Maintains a low level of cyanide for proper root hair development. (368 aa)
AHL27AT-hook motif nuclear-localized protein 27; Transcription factor that specifically binds AT-rich DNA sequences related to the nuclear matrix attachment regions (MARs). Negatively regulates plant innate immunity (PTI) to pathogens through the down-regulation of the PAMP- triggered FRK1 expression. Acts redundantly with AHL18, AHL22 and AHL29 in the regulation of flowering and regulation of the hypocotyl elongation. Acts as a chromatin remodeling factor that negatively regulates the leaf senescence. Acts redundantly with AHL29/SOB3 to modulate hypocotyl growth inhibition in response to light. (311 aa)
MKK2Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 2; MEKK1, MKK1/MKK2 and MPK4 function in a signaling pathway that modulates the expression of genes responding to biotic and abiotic stresses and also plays an important role in pathogen defense by negatively regulating innate immunity. Plays a role in abiotic stress tolerance and plant disease resistance through activation of MPK4 and MPK6 by phosphorylation. Acts redundantly with MKK1. (363 aa)
HR4RPW8-like protein 4; Probable disease resistance (R) protein; Belongs to the plant RPW8 protein family. (200 aa)
HR3RPW8-like protein 3; Probable disease resistance (R) protein. (213 aa)
HR2RPW8-like protein 2; Probable disease resistance (R) protein. (205 aa)
HR1RPW8-like protein 1; Probable disease resistance (R) protein. (189 aa)
MYB30Transcription factor MYB30; Transcription factor that binds specifically to the DNA sequence 5'-AACAAAC-3'. Acts as a positive regulator of hypersensitive cell death. Acts as a positive regulator of salicylic acid synthesis. Regulates very-long-chain fatty acid biosynthesis. Acts cooperatively with BZR2 to promote expression of a subset of brassinosteroids target genes. Transcriptional activity and hypersensitive response control negatively regulated by PLA2-ALPHA and by the Xanthomonas type III effector XopD (AC G9L9K6). Involved in the regulation of abscisic acid (ABA) signaling. Inc [...] (323 aa)
RAR1Cysteine and histidine-rich domain-containing protein RAR1; Required specifically for plant innate immunity. Is essential for resistance conferred by multiple R genes recognizing different bacterial and oomycete pathogen isolates like avirulent P.syringae or H.parasitica (downy mildew). Contributes additively with SGT1B to RPP5- dependent resistance. Functions as positive regulator of RPS5 accumulation by assisting its stabilization. May function as co- chaperone of HSP90-2 to positively regulate the steady-state accumulation of RPM1 and protect it from SGT1-mediated degradation. Acts [...] (226 aa)
RDR6RNA-dependent RNA polymerase 6; RNA-dependent RNA polymerase involved in post-transcriptional gene silencing (PTGS). Possesses ssRNA and ssDNA-dependent polymerase activity, but does not have priming activity. Possesses in vitro 3' nucleotidyltransferase activity in the presence of UTP as single nucleotide. Required for the production of 21 nucleotide trans-acting small interfering RNAs (ta-siRNAs) derived from TAS1, TAS2 and TAS3 endogenous transcripts. Acts in the RDR6/SGS3/DCL4/AGO7 ta-siRNA pathway involved in leaf developmental timing. Required for the production of natural siRNAs [...] (1196 aa)
DOX1Alpha-dioxygenase 1; Alpha-dioxygenase that catalyzes the primary oxygenation of fatty acids into oxylipins. Mediates a protection against oxidative stress and cell death, probably by generating some lipid-derived molecules. Promotes local and systemic plant defense in a salicylic acid (SA)-dependent manner, including the establishment of systemic acquired resistance (SAR) in response to incompatible interaction. Involved in a negative regulation of abscisic acid (ABA)-mediated signaling pathway. (639 aa)
NSL1MACPF domain-containing protein NSL1; Negatively controls the salicylic acid (SA)-mediated pathway of programmed cell death in plant immunity. Belongs to the complement C6/C7/C8/C9 (TC 1.C.39) family. (612 aa)
MYB72Transcription factor MYB72; Involved in metal ions homeostasis, including iron ions (Fe) acquisition, via the regulation of NAS4 and NAS2 genes expression. Necessary for plant survival in alkaline soil where iron availability is greatly restricted. Involved in the up-regulation of several biosynthesis genes of secondary metabolites involved in iron uptake under conditions of iron deficiency. Triggers tolerance to nickel (Ni) and zinc (Zn) ions. Required in the roots during early signaling steps of rhizobacteria-mediated (e.g. P.fluorescens WCS417r) and beneficial fungi-mediated (e.g. T [...] (296 aa)
RLP3Receptor-like protein 3; Involved in the perception of CLV3 and CLV3-like peptides, that act as extracellular signals regulating meristems maintenance (By similarity). Contributes, with WAKL22/RFO1, to resistance to F.oxysporum (f.) matthioli in cv. Columbia relative to cv. Ty-0 ; Belongs to the RLP family. (756 aa)
RPN1A26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 2 homolog A; Acts as a regulatory subunit of the 26 proteasome which is involved in the ATP-dependent degradation of ubiquitinated proteins (By similarity). Required during embryogenesis. Required for optimal plant growth and stress responses. Required for innate immunity. (891 aa)
PEP6Elicitor peptide 6; Elicitor of plant defense. (104 aa)
AGO5Protein argonaute 5; Involved in RNA-mediated post-transcriptional gene silencing (PTGS). Main component of the RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC) that binds to a short guide RNA such as a microRNA (miRNA) or small interfering RNA (siRNA). RISC uses the mature miRNA or siRNA as a guide for slicer-directed cleavage of homologous mRNAs to repress gene expression. Associates with siRNAs of various sizes, from 21-24 nucleotide in length and preferentially recruits small RNAs with a 5' terminal cytosine. Probably involved in antiviral RNA silencing. Associates with siRNAs derived from cuc [...] (997 aa)
F27C12.22DnaJ/Hsp40 cysteine-rich domain superfamily protein. (144 aa)
RIN13RPM1 interacting protein 13. (430 aa)
JAR1Jasmonoyl--L-amino acid synthetase JAR1; Catalyzes the synthesis of jasmonates-amino acid conjugates by adenylation; can use Ile and, in vitro at least, Val, Leu and Phe as conjugating amino acids on jasmonic acid (JA) and 9,10-dihydro-JA substrates, and to a lower extent, on 3-oxo-2-(2Z-pentenyl)- cyclopentane-1-butyric acid (OPC-4) and 12-hydroxy-JA (12-OH-JA). Can synthesize adenosine 5-tetraphosphate in vitro. Required for the JA- mediated signaling pathway that regulates many developmental and defense mechanisms, including growth root inhibition, vegetative storage proteins (VSPs) [...] (575 aa)
VDAC3Mitochondrial outer membrane protein porin 3; Forms a channel through the mitochondrial outer membrane that allows diffusion of small hydrophilic molecules. The channel adopts an open conformation at low or zero membrane potential and a closed conformation at potentials above 30-40 mV. The open state has a weak anion selectivity whereas the closed state is cation-selective (By similarity); Belongs to the eukaryotic mitochondrial porin (TC 1.B.8.1) family. (274 aa)
MYB28Transcription factor MYB28; Major regulator of short-chained aliphatic glucosinolates (GLSs) biosynthesis. Together with MYB29/HAG3 and MYB76/HAG2, promotes aliphatic glucosinolate biosynthesis but represses indolic glucosinolate biosynthesis. Prevents insect performance (e.g. lepidopteran insect Mamestra brassicae and Spodoptera exigua) by promoting glucosinolates. (366 aa)
SINE2Protein SINE2; Plays a role in innate immunity against the oomycete pathogen A.arabidopsidis (Hpa). (554 aa)
AHL19AT-hook motif nuclear-localized protein 19; Transcription factor that specifically binds AT-rich DNA sequences related to the nuclear matrix attachment regions (MARs) (By similarity). Negatively regulates plant innate immunity (PTI) to pathogens through the down-regulation of the PAMP-triggered FRK1 expression. Positively regulates defense against fungal Verticillium infection. (315 aa)
BAH1E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase BAH1; Mediates E2-dependent protein ubiquitination. Plays a role in salicylic acid-mediated negative feedback regulation of salicylic acid (SA) accumulation. May be involved in the overall regulation of SA, benzoic acid and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis. Controls the adaptability to nitrogen limitation by channeling the phenylpropanoid metabolic flux to the induced anthocyanin synthesis. (335 aa)
TMMProtein TOO MANY MOUTHS; Promotes cell fate progression in stomatal development. In leaves, needed to correctly orient spacing divisions, to limit the number of asymmetric divisions in neighbor cells, and to promote the asymmetric (amplifying) divisions of meristemoids. In stems, promotes the conversion of meristemoids into guard mother cells (GMC). Positively regulates CAPRICE (CPC) expression in differentiating stomaless-forming cell files. Forms constitutive complexes with ERECTA and ERL1 involved in the recognition of the stomatal regulatory peptides EPF1, EPF2 and EPFL9/STOMAGEN. [...] (496 aa)
PEPR1Leucine-rich repeat receptor-like protein kinase PEPR1; Acts as a receptor for PEP defense peptides. Unlike typical immune receptors, senses an endogenous elicitor that potentiates pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP)-inducible plant responses. Involved in PAMP-triggered immunity (PTI) signaling. Interacts with and phosphorylates the kinase BIK1, a central rate-limiting kinase in PTI signaling. (1123 aa)
T22A6.120MACPF domain-containing protein At4g24290; Negatively controls the salicylic acid (SA)-mediated pathway of programmed cell death in plant immunity. (606 aa)
CPR1F-box protein CPR1; Component of SCF(ASK-cullin-F-box) E3 ubiquitin ligase complexes, which may mediate the ubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation of target proteins (By similarity). Regulates negatively both salicylic acid (SA)-dependent and SA-independent defense signaling. (413 aa)
AZI1pEARLI1-like lipid transfer protein 1; Probable lipid transfer protein (LTP). Seems to control the flowering process and lignin synthesis. Together with DIR1, required for glycerol-3-phosphate- (G3P) and azelaic acid- (AA) induced systemic acquired resistance (SAR). Component of plant systemic immunity involved in priming defenses in a AA-dependent manner, by modulating production and/or translocation of a mobile signal(s) during SAR. Confers resistance to Botrytis cinerea and Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 and PmaDG3. May be involved in induced systemic resistance (ISR) mediat [...] (161 aa)
EDS1BProtein EDS1B; Acts as a second functional copy of EDS1. Can mediate HRT- mediated resistance to turnip crinkle virus. (629 aa)
EDS1Protein EDS1; Positive regulator of basal resistance and of effector- triggered immunity specifically mediated by TIR-NB-LRR (TNL) resistance proteins. Disruption by bacterial effector of EDS1-TIR-NB-LRR resistance protein interactions constitutes the first step in resistance activation. Acts redundantly with salicylic acid to regulate resistance gene-mediated signaling. Triggers early plant defenses and hypersensitive response independently of PAD4, and then recruits PAD4 to potentiate plant defenses through the accumulation of salicylic acid. Nuclear localization is essential for bas [...] (623 aa)
SGT1AProtein SGT1 homolog A; Functions in R gene-mediated resistance, but participates in a lower extent than SGT1B to RPP5-mediated resistance. Not required for RPM1, RPS2, RPS4 and RPS5-mediated resistance. Probably required for SCF-mediated ubiquitination, by coupling HSP90 to SCF complex for ubiquitination of HSP90 client proteins. (350 aa)
SGT1BProtein SGT1 homolog B; Involved in plant innate immunity. Is essential for resistance conferred by multiple R genes recognizing different oomycete pathogen isolates like avirulent H.parasitica (downy mildew). Contributes additively with RAR1 to RPP5-dependent resistance. Not required for RPM1, RPS2, RPS4 and RPS5-mediated resistance. Functions as negative regulator of RPS5 accumulation by assisting its degradation. May be involved in heat shock response by associating with HSC70-1 chaperone. Required for the SCF(TIR1)-mediated degradation of Aux/IAA proteins, but maybe not for SCF(TIR [...] (358 aa)
WRKY11Probable WRKY transcription factor 11; Transcription factor. Interacts specifically with the W box (5'-(T)TGAC[CT]-3'), a frequently occurring elicitor-responsive cis- acting element (By similarity). Regulates rhizobacterium B.cereus AR156-induced systemic resistance (ISR) to P.syringae pv. tomato DC3000, probably by activating the jasmonic acid (JA)- signaling pathway ; Belongs to the WRKY group II-d family. (325 aa)
SNI1Negative regulator of systemic acquired resistance SNI1; Component of the SMC5-SMC6 complex, a complex involved in repair of DNA double-strand breaks by homologous recombination. Transcription repressor that prevents expression of pathogenesis-related genes (PR) via histone modifications and binding negative cis-acting elements at their promoters. Negative regulator of hypersensitive response (HR) and systemic acquired resistance (SAR) required to dampen the basal expression of pathogenesis related (PR) genes. Functions synergistically with NTL9/CBNAC as negative regulator of pathogen- [...] (432 aa)
T28P6.7G-type lectin S-receptor-like serine/threonine-protein kinase At1g11280; Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. Ser/Thr protein kinase family. (820 aa)
T28P6.2G-type lectin S-receptor-like serine/threonine-protein kinase At1g11330; Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. Ser/Thr protein kinase family. (842 aa)
T25B24.4Putative G-type lectin S-receptor-like serine/threonine-protein kinase At1g61610. (842 aa)
T25B24.10G-type lectin S-receptor-like serine/threonine-protein kinase At1g61550. (802 aa)
T25B24.15G-type lectin S-receptor-like serine/threonine-protein kinase At1g61500. (804 aa)
DSC1Disease resistance-like protein DSC1; TIR-NB-LRR receptor-like protein involved in plant defense. Acts as a trigger of hypersensitive response (HR). Functions as guard of CAMTA3, a negative regulator of immunity, during pathogen infection. Belongs to the disease resistance NB-LRR family. (1219 aa)
RPT2A26S proteasome regulatory subunit 4 homolog A; The 26S protease is involved in the ATP-dependent degradation of ubiquitinated proteins. The regulatory (or ATPase) complex confers ATP dependency and substrate specificity to the 26S complex. Is required for the maintenance of postembryonic root and shoot meristems. Has a specific role in the regulation of organs size. (443 aa)
SHM1Serine hydroxymethyltransferase 1, mitochondrial; Functions in the photorespiratory pathway in catalyzing the interconversion of serine and glycine. Involved in controlling cell damage caused by abiotic stress, such as high light and salt and the hypersensitive defense response of plants. Belongs to the SHMT family. (517 aa)
PLDGAMMA1Phospholipase D gamma 1; Hydrolyzes glycerol-phospholipids at the terminal phosphodiesteric bond to generate phosphatidic acids (PA). Plays an important role in various cellular processes, including phytohormone action, vesicular trafficking, secretion, cytoskeletal arrangement, meiosis, tumor promotion, pathogenesis, membrane deterioration and senescence. Can use phosphatidylserine (PS) and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) as substrates only in the presence of PIP2. Can use phosphatidylcholine (PC), phosphatidylglycerol (PG) or N- acylphosphatidylethanolamine (NAPE) as substrates in the [...] (858 aa)
CLV3Protein CLAVATA 3; Extracellular signal that regulates meristem maintenance. Acts with CLV1 as a ligand-receptor pair in a signal transduction pathway coordinating growth between adjacent meristematic regions and controlling the balance between meristem cell proliferation and differentiation; Belongs to the CLV3/ESR signal peptide family. (96 aa)
RPS4-2Disease resistance protein RPS4; Disease resistance (R) protein that specifically recognizes the AvrRps4 type III effector avirulence protein from P.syringae. Resistance proteins guard the plant against pathogens that contain an appropriate avirulence protein via an indirect interaction with this avirulence protein. That triggers a defense system including the hypersensitive response, which restricts the pathogen growth. Probably acts as a NAD(+) hydrolase (NADase): in response to activation, catalyzes cleavage of NAD(+) into ADP-D-ribose (ADPR) and nicotinamide; NAD(+) cleavage trigge [...] (1217 aa)
ABCG36ABC transporter G family member 36; Key factor that controls the extent of cell death in the defense response. Necessary for both callose deposition and glucosinolate activation in response to pathogens. Required for limiting invasion by nonadapted powdery mildews. Confers resistance to cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb), probably as an efflux pump of Cd2+ or Cd conjugates, and possibly, of chemicals that mediate pathogen resistance. (1469 aa)
LPP1Lipid phosphate phosphatase 1; Plays a general role in cellular responses to stress, may be by attenuating the signal produced by phospholipases. Exhibits both diacylglycerol pyrophosphate (DGPP) phosphatase and phosphatidate (PA) phosphatase activities. Substrate preference is diacylglycerol pyrophosphate > phosphatidate; Belongs to the PA-phosphatase related phosphoesterase family. (327 aa)
CP29BRNA-binding protein CP29B, chloroplastic; Could be involved in splicing and/or processing of chloroplast RNA's. (289 aa)
NPR5Regulatory protein NPR5; May act as a substrate-specific adapter of an E3 ubiquitin- protein ligase complex (CUL3-RBX1-BTB) which mediates the ubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation of target proteins (By similarity). Acts redundantly with BOP2. BOP1/2 promote leaf and floral meristem fate and determinacy in a pathway targeting AP1 and AGL24. BOP1/2 act as transcriptional co-regulators through direct interaction with TGA factors, including PAN, a direct regulator of AP1. Controls lateral organ fate through positive regulation of adaxial-abaxial polarity genes ATHB-14/PHB [...] (491 aa)
PSKR1Phytosulfokine receptor 1; Phytosulfokine receptor with both a serine/threonine-protein kinase activity and a guanylate cyclase activity. Regulates, in response to phytosulfokine binding, a signaling cascade involved in plant cell differentiation, organogenesis, somatic embryogenesis, cellular proliferation and plant growth. Involved in plant immunity, with antagonistic effects on bacterial and fungal resistances. Not involved in PSY perception. CNGC17 and AHAs form a functional cation-translocating unit that is activated by PSKR1/BAK1 and possibly other BAK1/RLK complexes. (1008 aa)
Your Current Organism:
Arabidopsis thaliana
NCBI taxonomy Id: 3702
Other names: A. thaliana, Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh., mouse-ear cress, thale cress, thale-cress
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