Your Input: | |
| | AZI1 | pEARLI1-like lipid transfer protein 1; Probable lipid transfer protein (LTP). Seems to control the flowering process and lignin synthesis. Together with DIR1, required for glycerol-3-phosphate- (G3P) and azelaic acid- (AA) induced systemic acquired resistance (SAR). Component of plant systemic immunity involved in priming defenses in a AA-dependent manner, by modulating production and/or translocation of a mobile signal(s) during SAR. Confers resistance to Botrytis cinerea and Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 and PmaDG3. May be involved in induced systemic resistance (ISR) mediat [...] (161 aa) |
| | CPSF30 | 30-kDa cleavage and polyadenylation specificity factor 30; Component of the cleavage and polyadenylation specificity factor (CPSF) complex that play a key role in pre-mRNA 3'-end formation. May interact with poly(A) polymerase and other factors to bring about cleavage and poly(A) addition (By similarity). Mediates poly(A) site selection. Binds RNA in a calcium- dependent manner. Exhibits endonuclease activity with an ability to nick and degrade linear as well as circular single-stranded RNA that leaves RNA 3' ends with hydroxyl groups, thus mediating processing of the pre-mRNA as a pre [...] (631 aa) |
| | SMG7 | Protein SMG7; Plays multiple roles in growth and development. Involved in nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD). May provide a link to the mRNA degradation machinery to initiate NMD and serve as an adapter for UPF proteins function. Required for meiotic progression through anaphase II of pollen mother cells. May counteract cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) activity at the end of meiosis. May play a role in plant defense through its involvement in NMD. Together with EXA1, helps to restrict cell death induction during pathogen infection in a salicylic acid- (SA) and reactive oxygen species- (RO [...] (1059 aa) |
| | LRE | GPI-anchored protein LORELEI; Female gametophyte-specific component of the signaling pathway required for fertilization. Required for reception of the pollen tube by the female gametophyte. Acts specifically at the synergid cell surface for pollen tube reception. Plays a role in double fertilization and early seed development. Component of the FER-regulated Rho GTPase signaling complex. Acts as a chaperone and coreceptor for FER. Required for localization of FER to the plasma membrane. (165 aa) |
| | EFR | LRR receptor-like serine/threonine-protein kinase EFR; Constitutes the pattern-recognition receptor (PPR) that determines the specific perception of elongation factor Tu (EF-Tu), a potent elicitor of the defense response to pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). Reduces transformation by Rhizobium radiobacter probably by inducing plant defense during the interaction. Binding to the effector AvrPto1 from P.syringae blocks the downstream plant immune response while interaction with hopD2 decreases the phosphorylation level of EFR upon elf18 treatment. Specific endoplasmic reticu [...] (1031 aa) |
| | VAD1 | Protein VASCULAR ASSOCIATED DEATH 1, chloroplastic; Involved in ethylene- and salicylic acid-dependent cell death control associated with cells in the vicinity of vascular bundles. (598 aa) |
| | F1N18.11 | Double-stranded DNA-binding family protein. (138 aa) |
| | EDR2 | Protein ENHANCED DISEASE RESISTANCE 2; Negative regulator of the salicylic acid- (SA-) mediated resistance to pathogens, including the biotrophic powdery mildew pathogens Golovinomyces cichoracearum and Blumeria graminis, and the downy mildew pathogen Hyaloperonospora parasitica, probably by limiting the initiation of cell death and the establishment of the hypersensitive response (HR). Prevents ethylene-induced senescence. Binds to phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate (PtdIns(4)P) in vitro. (718 aa) |
| | LAZ1 | Protein LAZ1; Required for programmed cell death (PCD) associated with hypersensitive response (HR). Involved both in the induction of EDS1/PAD4 mediated HR and in accelerated cell death in the acd11 mutant. Not required for HR induction elicited through pathways exclusively dependent on CC-NB-LRR resistance proteins. Belongs to the TMEM184 family. (485 aa) |
| | DSC2 | Disease resistance-like protein DSC2; TIR-NB-LRR receptor-like protein involved in plant defense. Acts as a trigger of hypersensitive response (HR). Functions as guard of CAMTA3, a negative regulator of immunity, during pathogen infection. Belongs to the disease resistance NB-LRR family. (1210 aa) |
| | CBP60G | Calmodulin-binding protein 60 G; Transcription activator that binds DNA in a sequence-specific manner, 5'-GAAATTTTGG-3', to promote the expression of target genes. Recruited to the promoter of ICS1 and other defense-related genes (e.g. PR1, PR2 and EDS5) in response to both biotic (e.g. Pseudomonas syringae pv. maculicola ES4326, P. syringae pv. tomato DC3000, and microbe- associated molecular patterns (MAMPs) such as flg22) and abiotic stresses (e.g. UV-B, drought and abscisic acid), thus triggering rapid defense responses by stimulating salicylic acid (SA) biosynthesis. Involved in b [...] (563 aa) |
| | CRT3 | Calreticulin-3; Molecular calcium-binding chaperone promoting folding, oligomeric assembly and quality control in the ER via the calreticulin/calnexin cycle. This lectin may interact transiently with almost all of the monoglucosylated glycoproteins that are synthesized in the ER. Required for elongation factor Tu receptor (EFR) accumulation and for EFR, but not flagellin-sensing 2 (FLS2) signaling. (424 aa) |
| | RABG3B | Ras-related protein RABG3b; Intracellular vesicle trafficking and protein transport. Functions in autophagy. Involved in xylem and tracheary element differentiation. (203 aa) |
| | BZIP10 | Basic leucine zipper 10; Transcription factor that binds to the C-box-like motif (5'- TGCTGACGTCA-3') and G-box-like motif (5'-CCACGTGGCC-3'), ABRE elements, of gene promoters. Binds to the 5'-ACGT-3' motif of seed storage protein (SSP) encoding gene promoters (e.g. At2S and CRU3) and promotes their expression in seeds when in complex with ABI3 and BZIP53. Involved in the defense responses to the biotrophic pathogen Hyaloperonospora parasitica and oxidative stress responses; mediates positively cell death. Promotes BZIP53-mediated response to hypoosmolarity stress that leads to POX1/PR [...] (411 aa) |
| | LAZ5 | Disease resistance protein LAZ5; TIR-NB-LRR receptor-like protein that may play a role in plant innate immunity. May trigger hypersensitive programmed cell death in response to pathogen attack. Involved in tolerance to tobacco ringspot virus (TRSV). (1170 aa) |
| | PLP2 | Patatin-like protein 2; Possesses non-specific lipolytic acyl hydrolase (LAH) activity. Catalyzes the hydrolysis of the galactolipids monogalactosyldiacylglycerol (MGDG) and digalactosyldiacylglycerol (DGDG), and less efficiently the phoshpolipids phosphatidylcholine (PC), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), phosphatidylglycerol (PG), phosphatidic acid (PA), phosphatidylserine (PS) and phosphatidylinositol (PI). Favors the release of fatty acid at the sn-1 position for PC or PE and the sn-2 position for PG, PA, PS and PI. Negatively affects disease resistance to the necrotic fungal pathogen [...] (407 aa) |
| | NDR1 | Protein NDR1; Involved in disease resistance. Required for resistance conferred by multiple R genes recognizing different bacterial and oomycete pathogen isolates like avirulent P.syringae or H.parasitica (downy mildew). Required for the establishment of hypersensitive response (HR) and systemic acquired resistance (SAR) after infection with the bacterial pathogen P.syringae DC3000 carrying avrRpt2. Required for resistance to the soilborne fungus V.longisporum. Interaction with RIN4 is required for the activation of the R gene RPS2 and RPS2-mediated resistance. (219 aa) |
| | ACD11 | Accelerated cell death 11; Exhibits selective intermembrane transfer of ceramide-1- phosphate (C1P) and phytoceramide-1-phosphate. Does not transport ceramide (Cer) or GalCer, suggesting a requirement for phosphate in the headgroup for functionality. Transports in vitro sphingosine, but not glycosphigolipids. Has also some in vitro activity with sphingomyelin, a lipid not detected in plant tissues. The transport function may be not directly involved in regulating cell death. Rather, perturbations in the function of ACD11 or related components could be monitored by R-proteins, which the [...] (206 aa) |
| | RPS5 | Disease resistance protein RPS5; Disease resistance (R) protein that specifically recognizes the avrPphB type III effector avirulence protein from Pseudomonas syringae. Also confers resistance against Hyaloperonospora parasitica (downy mildew). Resistance proteins guard the plant against pathogens that contain an appropriate avirulence protein via an indirect interaction with this avirulence protein. That triggers a defense system including the hypersensitive response, which restricts the pathogen growth. Requires PBS1 to trigger the defense reaction against avrPphB. In case of infecti [...] (889 aa) |
| | CRK9 | Putative cysteine-rich receptor-like protein kinase 9; Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. Ser/Thr protein kinase family. CRK subfamily. (265 aa) |
| | XCP1 | Cysteine protease XCP1; Cysteine protease involved in xylem tracheary element (TE) autolysis during xylogenesis in roots. Participates in micro autolysis within the intact central vacuole before mega autolysis is initiated by tonoplast implosion. (355 aa) |
| | CNGC2 | Cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channel 2; Acts as cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channel. Permeable to potassium and calcium in a cyclic nucleotide-dependent fashion (cAMP or cGMP). Could also transport lithium, cesium and rubium and displays a strong selectivity against sodium. Seems to directly participate in pathogen-induced calcium influx. May function in homeostasis, re- establishing ionic balance after defense action and/or other stimuli. Could mediate the initiation of the developmentally regulated cell death programs. (726 aa) |
| | MKK4 | Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 4; Involved in the second phase of hydrogen peroxide generation during hypersensitive response-like cell death. Involved in the innate immune MAP kinase signaling cascade (MEKK1, MKK4/MKK5 and MPK3/MPK6) downstream of bacterial flagellin receptor FLS2. Activates by phosphorylation the downstream MPK3 and MPK6. YDA-MKK4/MKK5-MPK3/MPK6 module regulates stomatal cell fate before the guard mother cell (GMC) is specified. This MAPK cascade also functions downstream of the ER receptor in regulating coordinated local cell proliferation, which shapes the [...] (366 aa) |
| | UBA2B | UBP1-associated protein 2B; Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein (hnRNP)-like protein that acts as component of a complex regulating the turnover of mRNAs in the nucleus. Binds with high affinity to RNA molecules that contain U- rich sequences in 3'-UTRs. May function in complex with UBP1 and contribute to the stabilization of mRNAs in the nucleus (By similarity). (451 aa) |
| | SDR3a | Short-chain dehydrogenase reductase 3a; Confers resistance to the incompatible pathogenic bacteria P.syringae pv. tomato DC3000 in a PR1-dependent manner. Seems not involved in abscisic acid (ABA) biosynthesis. Belongs to the short-chain dehydrogenases/reductases (SDR) family. (257 aa) |
| | GPA1 | Guanine nucleotide-binding protein alpha-1 subunit; Exhibits a fast rate of basal nucleotide exchange. Guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins) are involved as modulators or transducers in various transmembrane signaling systems. Together with GCR1, may regulate the cell cycle via a signaling cascade that uses phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C (PI-PLC) as an effector and inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP(3)) as a second messenger. Promotes abscisic acid (ABA) responses in guard cells. But, together with GCR1 and GB1, acts as a negative regulator of ABA during seed ge [...] (383 aa) |
| | CHI-B | Basic endochitinase B; Defense against chitin-containing fungal pathogens. Seems particularly implicated in resistance to jasmonate-inducing pathogens such as A.brassicicola. In vitro antifungal activity against T.reesei, but not against A.solani, F.oxysporum, S.sclerotiorum, G.graminis and P.megasperma. (335 aa) |
| | CPN60B1 | Chaperonin 60 subunit beta 1, chloroplastic; Binds RuBisCO small and large subunits and is implicated in the assembly of the enzyme oligomer. Involved in protein assisted folding. Required for proper plastid division. (600 aa) |
| | CAT2 | Catalase-2; Occurs in almost all aerobically respiring organisms and serves to protect cells from the toxic effects of hydrogen peroxide; Belongs to the catalase family. (492 aa) |
| | CYP18-3 | Peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase CYP18-3; PPIases accelerate the folding of proteins. It catalyzes the cis-trans isomerization of proline imidic peptide bonds in oligopeptides. Involved in de-etiolation. Reduces the sensitivity to brassinosteroids by decreasing somehow the abundance of the partially dephosphorylated form of BES1. Triggers the activation of bacterial AvrRpt2 protease activity upon infection by P.syringae. Activated AvrRpt2 confers virulence in plant lacking the RPS2 resistance gene. In plants expressing RPS2, the AvrRpt2-mediated degradation of RIN4 activates RPS2, w [...] (172 aa) |
| | RAP2-3 | Ethylene-responsive transcription factor RAP2-3; Probably acts as a transcriptional activator. Binds to the GCC-box pathogenesis-related promoter element. May be involved in the regulation of gene expression by stress factors and by components of stress signal transduction pathways (By similarity); Belongs to the AP2/ERF transcription factor family. ERF subfamily. (248 aa) |
| | TGA2 | Transcription factor TGA2; Transcriptional activator that binds specifically to the DNA sequence 5'-TGACG-3'. Recognizes ocs elements like the as-1 motif of the cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter. Binding to the as-1-like cis elements mediate auxin- and salicylic acid-inducible transcription. Required to induce the systemic acquired resistance (SAR) via the regulation of pathogenesis-related genes expression. Binding to the as- 1 element of PR-1 promoter is salicylic acid-inducible and mediated by NPR1. Could also bind to the C-boxes (5'-ATGACGTCAT-3') with high affinity. (330 aa) |
| | NPR1 | Regulatory protein NPR1; May act as a substrate-specific adapter of an E3 ubiquitin- protein ligase complex (CUL3-RBX1-BTB) which mediates the ubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation of target proteins (By similarity). Key positive regulator of the SA-dependent signaling pathway that negatively regulates JA-dependent signaling pathway. Mediates the binding of TGA factors to the as-1 motif found in the pathogenesis-related PR-1 gene, leading to the transcriptional regulation of the gene defense. Controls the onset of systemic acquired resistance (SAR). Upon SAR induction, [...] (593 aa) |
| | HXK2 | Hexokinase-2; Fructose and glucose phosphorylating enzyme. May be involved in the phosphorylation of glucose during the export from mitochondrion to cytosol. Acts as sugar sensor which may regulate sugar-dependent gene repression or activation. Mediates the effects of sugar on plant growth and development independently of its catalytic activity or the sugar metabolism. May regulate the execution of program cell death in plant cells ; Belongs to the hexokinase family. (502 aa) |
| | LSD1 | Protein LSD1; Negative regulator of reactive oxygen-induced cell death, cold stress-induced cell death, pathogen-induced hypersensitive response (HR), basal disease resistance. May be involved in the induction of the copper/zinc superoxide dismutase CSD1 and CSD2 that detoxify accumulating superoxide before the reactive oxygen species (ROS) can trigger a cell death cascade. LSD1 and LOL1 have antagonistic effects on CSD1 and CSD2 accumulation to regulate oxidative stress- induced cell death. Antagonizes the function of BZIP10, a positive regulator of cell death, by interacting in the c [...] (189 aa) |
| | CRK13 | Cysteine-rich receptor-like protein kinase 13; Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. Ser/Thr protein kinase family. CRK subfamily. (673 aa) |
| | UGGT | UDP-glucose:glycoprotein glucosyltransferase; Recognizes glycoproteins with minor folding defects. Reglucosylates single N-glycans near the misfolded part of the protein, thus providing quality control for protein folding in the endoplasmic reticulum. Reglucosylated proteins are recognized by calreticulin for recycling to the endoplasmic reticulum and refolding or degradation. Required for elongation factor Tu receptor (EFR), but not flagellin- sensing 2 (FLS2) signaling. (1613 aa) |
| | MPK3 | Mitogen-activated protein kinase 3; Involved in oxidative stress-mediated signaling cascade (such as ozone). Involved in the innate immune MAP kinase signaling cascade (MEKK1, MKK4/MKK5 and MPK3/MPK6) downstream of bacterial flagellin receptor FLS2. May be involved in hypersensitive response (HR)-mediated signaling cascade by modulating LIP5 phosphorylation and subsequent multivesicular bodies (MVBs) trafficking. May phosphorylate regulators of WRKY transcription factors. Mediates the phosphorylation of VIP1 and subsequent stress genes transcription in response to Agrobacterium. MKK9-M [...] (370 aa) |
| | MPK6 | Mitogen-activated protein kinase 6; Involved in oxidative stress-mediated signaling cascade (such as ozone). Involved in the innate immune MAP kinase signaling cascade (MEKK1, MKK4/MKK5 and MPK3/MPK6) downstream of bacterial flagellin receptor FLS2. May be involved in hypersensitive response (HR)-mediated signaling cascade by modulating LIP5 phosphorylation and subsequent multivesicular bodies (MVBs) trafficking. May phosphorylate regulators of WRKY transcription factors. Phosphorylates 1-aminocyclopropane-1- carboxylic acid synthases (ACS2 and ACS6) and may be involved in the regulati [...] (395 aa) |
| | RPM1 | Disease resistance protein RPM1; Disease resistance (R) protein that specifically recognizes the AvrRpm1 type III effector avirulence protein from Pseudomonas syringae. Resistance proteins guard the plant against pathogens that contain an appropriate avirulence protein via an indirect interaction with this avirulence protein. That triggers a defense system including the hypersensitive response, which restricts the pathogen growth. Acts via its interaction with RIN4, and probably triggers the plant resistance when RIN4 is phosphorylated by AvrRpm1. It is then degraded at the onset of th [...] (926 aa) |
| | TGA3 | Transcription factor TGA3; Transcriptional activator that binds specifically to the DNA sequence 5'-TGACG-3'. Recognizes ocs elements like the as-1 motif of the cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter. Binding to the as-1-like cis elements mediate auxin- and salicylic acid-inducible transcription. Required to induce the systemic acquired resistance (SAR) via the regulation of pathogenesis-related genes expression. Binding to the as- 1 element of PR-1 promoter is salicylic acid-inducible and mediated by NPR1. Could also bind to the Hex-motif (5'-TGACGTGG-3') another cis- acting element fo [...] (384 aa) |
| | RPS2 | Disease resistance protein RPS2; Disease resistance (R) protein that specifically recognizes the AvrRpt2 type III effector avirulence protein from Pseudomonas syringae. Resistance proteins guard the plant against pathogens that contain an appropriate avirulence protein via an indirect interaction with this avirulence protein. That triggers a defense system including the hypersensitive response, which restricts the pathogen growth. Acts via its interaction with RIN4, and probably triggers the plant resistance when RIN4 is degraded by AvrRpt2. (909 aa) |
| | HXK1 | Hexokinase-1; Fructose and glucose phosphorylating enzyme. May be involved in the phosphorylation of glucose during the export from mitochondrion to cytosol. Acts as sugar sensor which may regulate sugar-dependent gene repression or activation. Mediates the effects of sugar on plant growth and development independently of its catalytic activity or the sugar metabolism. May regulate the execution of program cell death in plant cells. Promotes roots and leaves growth. Belongs to the hexokinase family. (496 aa) |
| | CRY1 | Cryptochrome-1; Photoreceptor that mediates primarily blue light inhibition of hypocotyl elongation and photoperiodic control of floral initiation, and regulates other light responses, including circadian rhythms, tropic growth, stomata opening, guard cell development, root development, bacterial and viral pathogen responses, abiotic stress responses, cell cycles, programmed cell death, apical dominance, fruit and ovule development, seed dormancy, and magnetoreception. Photoexcited cryptochromes interact with signaling partner proteins to alter gene expression at both transcriptional a [...] (681 aa) |
| | SAG101 | Senescence-associated carboxylesterase 101; Acyl hydrolase that triggers the leaf senescence onset. Can use triolein as substrate to produce oleic acids. (537 aa) |
| | MORC2 | Protein MICRORCHIDIA 2; Mediator of defense signaling triggered by distinct classes of R proteins. Required during hypersensitive response (HR) that confers disease resistance to turnip crinkle virus (TCV). Contributes to resistance against Pseudomonas syringae and Hyaloperonospora arabidopsidis, at early stages prior to cytosolic calcium ions Ca(2+) accumulation. Required for pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP)-triggered immunity, basal resistance, non-host resistance and systemic acquired resistance (SAR). Involved in RNA-directed DNA methylation (RdDM) as a component of the [...] (626 aa) |
| | CERK | Ceramide kinase; Catalyzes specifically the phosphorylation of ceramide to form ceramide 1-phosphate. Possesses high activity on ceramide analogs (C6, C8 synthetic ceramides) and lower activity on C6 and C8 dihydroceramides. Has weak activity on natural ceramides (a mixture of ceramides from bovine brain) and the synthetic substrate C2 ceramide. Has very poor activity on diacylglycerol and sphingosine. Ceramide is a critical sphingolipid metabolite that induces programmed cell death (PCD) in plants and ceramide-1-phosphate has a PCD suppressive effect. Thus, ceramide phosphorylation pl [...] (608 aa) |
| | MORC1 | Protein MICRORCHIDIA 1; Mediator of defense signaling triggered by distinct classes of R proteins. Required during hypersensitive response (HR) that confers disease resistance to turnip crinkle virus (TCV). Exhibits ATPase activity. Contributes to resistance against Pseudomonas syringae and Hyaloperonospora arabidopsidis, at early stages prior to cytosolic calcium ions Ca(2+) accumulation. Required for pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP)-triggered immunity (PTI), basal resistance, non-host resistance and systemic acquired resistance (SAR). Binds DNA/RNA in a non-specific manne [...] (635 aa) |
| | GFA2 | Chaperone protein dnaJ GFA2, mitochondrial; Chaperone that may play a role in mitochondrial protein folding. Involved in female gametophyte development. Required for cell death of the synergid cells during fertilization process, and fusion of the polar nuclei during megagametogenesis. Belongs to the DnaJ family. (456 aa) |
| | RIN4 | RPM1-interacting protein 4; Essential regulator of plant defense, which plays a central role in resistance in case of infection by a pathogen. It is a common target for both type III avirulence proteins from P.syringae (AvrB, AvrRpm1 and AvrRpt2) and for the plant Resistance (R) proteins RPM1 and RPS2. In strains carrying the appropriate R gene for avirulence proteins of the pathogen, its association with avirulence proteins triggers a defense system including the hypersensitive response, which limits the spread of disease. In contrast, in plants lacking appropriate R genes, its associ [...] (211 aa) |
| | T15F16.15 | DNA-directed RNA polymerase II protein. (473 aa) |
| | F10B6.18 | MACPF domain-containing protein At1g14780; Negatively controls the salicylic acid (SA)-mediated pathway of programmed cell death in plant immunity. (627 aa) |
| | ARF1-2 | Auxin response factor 1; Auxin response factors (ARFs) are transcriptional factors that bind specifically to the DNA sequence 5'-TGTCTC-3' found in the auxin-responsive promoter elements (AuxREs). Seems to act as transcriptional repressor. Formation of heterodimers with Aux/IAA proteins may alter their ability to modulate early auxin response genes expression. Promotes flowering, stamen development, floral organ abscission and fruit dehiscence. Acts as repressor of IAA2, IAA3 and IAA7. (665 aa) |
| | BRN1 | RNA-binding protein BRN1; RNA-binding protein involved in the regulation of flowering time. Acts as repressor of the activity of SOC1, a transcriptional activator of flowering time. Binds to the 3'-UTR of SOC1 mRNA in the cytoplasm and participates in SOC1 mRNA decay, mediated by the distal region of the SOC1 3'-UTR. Acts as positive regulator of salicylic acid (SA)-mediated immunity. May act on SA signaling- related genes at a post-transcriptional level. (441 aa) |
| | ACD6 | Protein ACCELERATED CELL DEATH 6; Dose-dependent activator of the defense response against virulent pathogens, including bacteria, fungi and oomycetes, that acts in a positive feedback loop with the defense signal salicylic acid (SA). Regulates the salicylic acid (SA) signaling pathway leading to cell death and modulating cell fate (e.g. cell enlargement and/or cell division). In response to SA signaling, triggers the accumulation of FLS2 at the plasma membrane, thus priming defenses. Involved in SA-dependent freezing signaling and tolerance. (670 aa) |
| | FAH | Fumarylacetoacetase; Converts fumarylacetoacetate to acetoacetate and fumarate. Involved in tyrosine catabolic pathway. Catalyzes the final step in the tyrosine degradation pathway. (421 aa) |
| | KTI4 | Kunitz trypsin inhibitor 4; Exhibits Kunitz trypsin protease inhibitor activity. Involved in modulating programmed cell death (PCD) in plant-pathogen interactions. Can inhibit both serine proteases and cysteine proteases. May be involved in the modulation of the proteases that participate in the hydrolysis of dietary proteins in the gut of spider mites ; Belongs to the protease inhibitor I3 (leguminous Kunitz- type inhibitor) family. (215 aa) |
| | MKK5 | Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 5; Involved in the second phase of hydrogen peroxide generation during hypersensitive response-like cell death. Involved in the innate immune MAP kinase signaling cascade (MEKK1, MKK4/MKK5 and MPK3/MPK6) downstream of bacterial flagellin receptor FLS2. Activates by phosphorylation the downstream MPK3 and MPK6. YDA-MKK4/MKK5-MPK3/MPK6 module regulates stomatal cell fate before the guard mother cell (GMC) is specified. This MAPK cascade also functions downstream of the ER receptor in regulating coordinated local cell proliferation, which shapes the [...] (348 aa) |
| | RCD1 | Inactive poly [ADP-ribose] polymerase RCD1; Inactive ADP-ribosyltransferase that functions with SRO1 to regulate oxidative stress, hormonal and developmental responses. Required for embryogenesis, vegetative and reproductive development, and abiotic stress responses. May regulate several stress-responsive genes. Seems to play a larger developmental role than SRO1. Does not bind NAD in vitro. (589 aa) |
| | RIN2 | E3 ubiquitin protein ligase RIN2; E3 ubiquitin protein ligase that acts as positive regulator of RPM1- and RPS2-dependent hypersensitive response (HR), in association with RIN3. Probably not required for RPM1 degradation during HR. (578 aa) |
| | HSR4 | Protein HYPER-SENSITIVITY-RELATED 4. (576 aa) |
| | RPP8 | Disease resistance protein RPP8; Disease resistance protein. Resistance proteins guard the plant against pathogens that contain an appropriate avirulence protein via an indirect interaction with this avirulence protein. That triggers a defense system including the hypersensitive response, which restricts the pathogen growth. The interaction with TIP (TCV-interacting protein) may be essential for the recognition of the avirulence proteins, and the triggering of the defense response. Triggers resistance to turnip crinkle virus (TCV) via a SAG101-dependent pathway. (908 aa) |
| | RIN3 | E3 ubiquitin protein ligase RIN3; E3 ubiquitin protein ligase that acts as positive regulator of RPM1- and RPS2-dependent hypersensitive response (HR), in association with RIN2. Probably not required for RPM1 degradation during HR. (577 aa) |
| | ELF5A-2 | Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 5A-2; The precise role of eIF-5A in protein biosynthesis is not known but it may function as a bimodular protein capable of binding to both RNA and proteins. Regulates cytokinin-mediated root protoxylem specification and represses secifically the expression of AHP6. Regulates the induction of programmed cell death caused by infection with virulent pathogen. (159 aa) |
| | EX1 | Protein EXECUTER 1, chloroplastic; Together with EX2, enables higher plants to perceive singlet oxygen as a stress signal in plastid that activates a genetically determined nuclear stress response program which triggers a programmed cell death (PCD). This transfer of singlet oxygen-induced stress- related signals from the plastid to the nucleus that triggers genetically controlled PCD pathway is unique to photosynthetic eukaryotes and operates under mild stress conditions, impeding photosystem II (PSII) without causing photooxidative damage of the plant. (684 aa) |
| | LOL1 | Protein LOL1; Positive regulator of reactive oxygen-induced cell death. May be involved in the repression of the copper/zinc superoxide dismutase CSD1 and CSD2 that detoxify accumulating superoxide before the reactive oxygen species (ROS) can trigger a cell death cascade. LSD1 and LOL1 have antagonistic effects on CSD1 and CSD2 accumulation to regulate oxidative stress-induced cell death. (154 aa) |
| | CNGC4 | Cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channel 4; Acts as cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channel. Permeable to potassium and sodium in a cyclic nucleotide-dependent fashion (cAMP or cGMP). Might constitute a common downstream component of the signaling pathways leading to hypersensitive response (HR). (694 aa) |
| | EX2 | Protein EXECUTER 2, chloroplastic; Together with EX1, enables higher plants to perceive singlet oxygen as a stress signal in plastid that activates a genetically determined nuclear stress response program which triggers a programmed cell death (PCD). This transfer of singlet oxygen-induced stress- related signals from the plastid to the nucleus that triggers genetically controlled PCD pathway is unique to photosynthetic eukaryotes and operates under mild stress conditions, impeding photosystem II (PSII) without causing photooxidative damage of the plant. (651 aa) |
| | NAC089 | NAC domain-containing protein 89; Transcription factor involved in plant cell division. (340 aa) |
| | CRK5 | Cysteine-rich receptor-like protein kinase 5; Involved in multiple distinct defense responses. May function as a disease resistance (R) protein; Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. Ser/Thr protein kinase family. CRK subfamily. (659 aa) |
| | PLDDELTA | Phospholipase D delta; Hydrolyzes glycerol-phospholipids at the terminal phosphodiesteric bond to generate phosphatidic acids (PA). May be involved in PA accumulation in the dehydration stress response and in the transduction of hormonal and environmental signals to the microtubules cytoskeleton. Prefers phosphatidylethanolamine to phosphatidylcholine as substrate. Involved in H(2)O(2) and abscisic acid (ABA)-induced stomatal closure. Involved in nitric oxide (NO) signaling during stomatal closure. Plays a positive role in ABA-promoted senescence. Involved in basal defense and nonhost [...] (868 aa) |
| | TTM2 | Inorganic pyrophosphatase TTM2; Exhibits pyrophosphatase activity with stronger affinity for pyrophosphate (PPi), moderate affinity for ATP and ADP, and weak affinity for tripolyphosphate (PPPi). No activity observed toward uridine substrate. Negative regulator of the salicylic acid (SA)- mediated amplification of defense responses against both virulent and avirulent pathogens, including oomycetes (e.g. H.arabidopsidis) and bacteria (e.g. P.syringae). Represses systemic acquired resistance (SAR). (674 aa) |
| | CAD1 | MACPF domain-containing protein CAD1; Negatively controls the salicylic acid (SA)-mediated pathway of programmed cell death in plant immunity. (561 aa) |
| | SARD1 | Protein SAR DEFICIENT 1; Transcription activator that binds DNA in a sequence-specific manner, 5'-GAAATTTTGG-3', to promote the expression of target genes. Recruited to the promoter of ICS1 and other defense-related genes (e.g. PR1 and SID2) in response to both biotic (e.g. Pseudomonas syringae pv. maculicola ES4326) and abiotic stresses (e.g. UV-B), thus triggering slow defense responses by stimulating salicylic acid (SA) biosynthesis. Required for basal and systemic acquired resistance to P. syringae pv. maculicola and Hyaloperonospora arabidopsidis. Belongs to the plant ACBP60 prote [...] (451 aa) |
| | CEP1-2 | KDEL-tailed cysteine endopeptidase CEP1; Possesses protease activity in vitro. Involved in the final stage of developmental programmed cell death and in intercalation of new cells. Cleaves extensins, thus probably supporting the final cell collapse. During the compatible interaction with the biotrophic powdery mildew fungus Erysiphe cruciferarum, involved in the control of late epidermal cell death that limits growth and susceptibility to the parasite. During anther development, involved in tapetal programmed cell death (PCD), leading to degeneration of tapetal cells and functional pol [...] (361 aa) |
| | MGO3.2 | B3 domain-containing protein At5g60140. (328 aa) |
| | SAG12 | Senescence-specific cysteine protease SAG12; Cysteine protease that may have a developmental senescence specific cell death function during apoptosis, heavy metal detoxification, and hypersensitive response. (346 aa) |
| | VDD | B3 domain-containing protein At5g18000. (307 aa) |
| | MTERF9 | Transcription termination factor MTERF9, chloroplastic; Transcription termination factor required for processing and steady-state levels of plastid transcripts. May play a role in response to abiotic stresses. (496 aa) |
| | EXA1 | Protein ESSENTIAL FOR POTEXVIRUS ACCUMULATION 1; Translational repressor involved in the negative regulation of immune receptor accumulation via the inhibition of nucleotide- binding leucine-rich repeat (NLR) receptor mediated defense. Represses NLR protein accumulation (e.g. SNC1, RPS4, RPM1 and RPS2). Together with SMG7, helps to restrict effector-triggered immunity (ETI) cell death induction during pathogen infection in a salicylic acid- (SA) and reactive oxygen species- (ROS) independent manner. Required for pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP)-induced suppression of necrot [...] (1714 aa) |
| | CPP1 | Protein CHAPERONE-LIKE PROTEIN OF POR1, chloroplastic; Essential protein required during embryogenesis. Exhibits holdase chaperone activity involved in the stabilization of NADPH:protochlorophyllide oxidoreductase (POR) proteins against photooxidative stress during POR proteins import into chloroplasts. Required for chloroplast biogenesis and development. When expressed in yeast, triggers mitochondria-mediated cell death associated with the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential. (258 aa) |
| | DELTA-OAT | Ornithine aminotransferase, mitochondrial; Mediates degradation of arginine for nitrogen recycling. Plays a role in non-host disease resistance by regulating pyrroline-5- carboxylate metabolism-induced hypersensitive response. (475 aa) |
| | EDR1 | Serine/threonine-protein kinase EDR1; MAPKKK serine/threonine-protein kinase involved in the regulation of a MAP kinase cascade (probably including MPK3 and MPK6) that negatively regulates salicylic acid- (SA-) dependent defense responses, abscisic acid (ABA) signaling, and ethylene-induced senescence. Modulates also stress response (e.g. drought) signaling and cell death, in an ORE9-dependent manner. Functions at a point of cross talk between ethylene, ABA and SA signaling that impinges on senescence and cell death. On the other hand, it confers sensitivity to various pathogens such a [...] (933 aa) |
| | ADR1 | Disease resistance protein ADR1; Disease resistance (R) protein that mediates resistance against Hyaloperonospora parasitica in a salicylic acid-dependent manner. Also mediates resistance against Erysiphe cichoracearum is both salicylic acid-dependent and partially NPR1-dependent. Resistance proteins guard the plant against pathogens that contain an appropriate avirulence protein via an indirect interaction with this avirulence protein. That triggers a defense system including the hypersensitive response, which restricts the pathogen growth. (787 aa) |
| | PAO | Pheophorbide a oxygenase, chloroplastic; Catalyzes the key reaction of chlorophyll catabolism, porphyrin macrocycle cleavage of pheophorbide a (pheide a) to a primary fluorescent catabolite (pFCC). Works in a two-step reaction with red chlorophyll catabolite reductase (RCCR). Creates the intermediate RCC through the opening of the porphyrin macrocycle by the introduction of one atom of molecular oxygen at the alpha-methine bridge. Seems to be specific for pheide a. Belongs to the chlorophyll catabolic enzymes (CCEs). (537 aa) |
| | MYB108 | Transcription factor MYB108; Transcription factor contributing to the regulation of stamen maturation and male fertility in response to jasmonate signaling. Required for correct timing of anther dehiscence. Acts as a negative regulator of abscisic acid-induced cell death. Not involved in the regulation of BOI. Regulated by MYB21 and at a lower level by MYB24. Negatively regulated by the proteasome in an SCF(COI1) E3 ubiquitin- protein ligase complex-dependent manner. (323 aa) |
| | UBA2A | UBP1-associated protein 2A; Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein (hnRNP)-like protein that acts as component of a complex regulating the turnover of mRNAs in the nucleus. Binds with high affinity to RNA molecules that contain U- rich sequences in 3'-UTRs. May function in complex with UBP1 and contribute to the stabilization of mRNAs in the nucleus. However, unlike UBP1, UBA2A does not stimulate pre-mRNA splicing. (478 aa) |
| | F2I11.230 | Acyl-CoA N-acyltransferases (NAT) superfamily protein. (164 aa) |
| | F6'H1 | Feruloyl CoA ortho-hydroxylase 1; 2-oxoglutarate (OG)- and Fe(II)-dependent dioxygenase (2OGD) involved in scopoletin biosynthesis. Converts feruloyl CoA into 6'-hydroxyferuloyl CoA but has no activity with ferulic acid, feruloylquinic acid, caffeic acid, caffeoyl CoA, p- coumaric acid, cinnamic acid, cinnamoyl CoA or benzoyl CoA. Required for the production and secretion of compounds (e.g. fluorescent coumarins) that facilitate the mobilization and uptake of iron from sources with low bioavailability or in high pH- induced iron deficiency conditions. Involved in the pathway of sideret [...] (361 aa) |
| | dVPE | Vacuolar-processing enzyme delta-isozyme; Asparagine-specific endopeptidase that may be involved in processing of proteins targeted to vacuoles (By similarity). Probably involved in post-translational proteolysis of seed storage proteins in the protein storage vacuole of developing seeds. Exhibits a caspase-1-like activity in extracellular granules. At the early stage of seed development, required for the formation of the seed coat, by regulating cell death of specific cell layers in inner integument. (466 aa) |
| | UBA2C | UBP1-associated protein 2C; Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein (hnRNP)-like protein that acts as component of a complex regulating the turnover of mRNAs in the nucleus. Binds with high affinity to RNA molecules that contain U- rich sequences in 3'-UTRs. May function in complex with UBP1 and contribute to the stabilization of mRNAs in the nucleus (By similarity). (404 aa) |
| | XCP2 | Cysteine protease XCP2; Cysteine protease involved in xylem tracheary element (TE) autolysis during xylogenesis in roots. Participates in micro autolysis within the intact central vacuole before mega autolysis is initiated by tonoplast implosion. Involved in susceptibility to the bacterial plant pathogen Ralstonia solanacearum. (356 aa) |
| | FMO1 | Probable flavin-containing monooxygenase 1; Required for the establishment of systemic acquired resistance (SAR). Not involved in local defense mechanisms. Confers a salicylic acid-dependent (SA) resistance to virulent pathogens such as P.syringae pv tomato and H.parasitica. (530 aa) |
| | F21F23.12 | PLC-like phosphodiesterases superfamily protein. (346 aa) |
| | MXC7.5 | Pentatricopeptide repeat-containing protein At3g23020; Belongs to the PPR family. P subfamily. (842 aa) |
| | TSO2 | Ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase small chain C; Provides the precursors necessary for DNA synthesis. Catalyzes the biosynthesis of deoxyribonucleotides from the corresponding ribonucleotides. Involved in DNA damage repair and programmed cell death inhibition; Belongs to the ribonucleoside diphosphate reductase small chain family. (332 aa) |
| | ATL55 | E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase RING1; E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that may be involved in positive regulation of programmed cell death (PCD) by facilitating degradation of negative regulators of PCD. May be involved in the early steps of the plant defense signaling pathway. Undergoes auto-ubiquitination. Belongs to the RING-type zinc finger family. ATL subfamily. (301 aa) |
| | EPC1 | Glycosyltransferase family 64 protein C4; Probable glycosyltransferase (By similarity). Maybe involved in cell-cell adhesion that maintains the integrity of organs by providing mechanical strength and facilitating the movement of metabolites throughout the plant during development. Prevents abscisic acid- (ABA-) mediated effects on development (e.g. cell size, flowering time, senescence). Probably implicated in beta- (1,4)-galactan biosynthesis thus being a cell-wall synthesis-related (CWSR) protein. (334 aa) |
| | MSL10 | Mechanosensitive ion channel protein 10; Mechanosensitive channel that opens in response to stretch forces in the membrane lipid bilayer. (734 aa) |
| | GH3.12 | 4-substituted benzoates-glutamate ligase GH3.12; Catalyzes the conjugation of specific amino acids (e.g. Glu and possibly His, Lys, and Met) to their preferred acyl substrates (e.g. 4-substituted benzoates), in a magnesium ion- and ATP-dependent manner. Can use 4-substituted benzoates such as 4-aminobenzoate (pABA), 4-fluorobenzoate and 4-hydroxybenzoate (4-HBA), and, to a lesser extent, benzoate, vanillate and trans-cinnamate, but not 2-substituted benzoates and salicylic acid (SA), as conjugating acyl substrates. Involved in both basal and induced resistance in a SA-dependent manner. [...] (575 aa) |
| | PCS1 | Aspartic proteinase PCS1; Embryo-specific aspartic protease that limits programmed cell death during reproductive development. Possesses peptidase activity toward casein in vitro. (453 aa) |
| | CRK4-2 | Cysteine-rich receptor-like protein kinase 4; Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. Ser/Thr protein kinase family. CRK subfamily. (676 aa) |
| | RPP13 | Disease resistance protein RPP13; Disease resistance protein. Resistance proteins guard the plant against pathogens that contain an appropriate avirulence protein via an indirect interaction with this avirulence protein. That triggers a defense system including the hypersensitive response, which restricts the pathogen growth. In contrast to other resistance proteins, it works independently of ESD1 and NSD1 proteins and does not require the accumulation of salicylic acid, suggesting the existence of an independent signaling pathway. The specificity to avirulence proteins differs in the [...] (835 aa) |
| | PAD4 | Lipase-like PAD4; Probable lipase required downstream of MPK4 for accumulation of the plant defense-potentiating molecule, salicylic acid, thus contributing to the plant innate immunity against invasive biotrophic pathogens and to defense mechanisms upon recognition of microbe- associated molecular patterns (MAMPs). Participates in the regulation of various molecular and physiological processes that influence fitness. Together with SG101, required for programmed cell death (PCD) triggered by NBS-LRR resistance proteins (e.g. RPS4, RPW8.1 and RPW8.2) in response to the fungal toxin fumo [...] (541 aa) |
| | AMC8 | Metacaspase-8; Cysteine protease that cleaves specifically after arginine residues. Does not cleave caspase-specific substrates. May be involved in the modulation of programmed cell death activated by oxidative stress; Belongs to the peptidase C14B family. (381 aa) |
| | HR4 | RPW8-like protein 4; Probable disease resistance (R) protein; Belongs to the plant RPW8 protein family. (200 aa) |
| | HR3 | RPW8-like protein 3; Probable disease resistance (R) protein. (213 aa) |
| | HR2 | RPW8-like protein 2; Probable disease resistance (R) protein. (205 aa) |
| | HR1 | RPW8-like protein 1; Probable disease resistance (R) protein. (189 aa) |
| | MYB30 | Transcription factor MYB30; Transcription factor that binds specifically to the DNA sequence 5'-AACAAAC-3'. Acts as a positive regulator of hypersensitive cell death. Acts as a positive regulator of salicylic acid synthesis. Regulates very-long-chain fatty acid biosynthesis. Acts cooperatively with BZR2 to promote expression of a subset of brassinosteroids target genes. Transcriptional activity and hypersensitive response control negatively regulated by PLA2-ALPHA and by the Xanthomonas type III effector XopD (AC G9L9K6). Involved in the regulation of abscisic acid (ABA) signaling. Inc [...] (323 aa) |
| | RAR1 | Cysteine and histidine-rich domain-containing protein RAR1; Required specifically for plant innate immunity. Is essential for resistance conferred by multiple R genes recognizing different bacterial and oomycete pathogen isolates like avirulent P.syringae or H.parasitica (downy mildew). Contributes additively with SGT1B to RPP5- dependent resistance. Functions as positive regulator of RPS5 accumulation by assisting its stabilization. May function as co- chaperone of HSP90-2 to positively regulate the steady-state accumulation of RPM1 and protect it from SGT1-mediated degradation. Acts [...] (226 aa) |
| | DOX1 | Alpha-dioxygenase 1; Alpha-dioxygenase that catalyzes the primary oxygenation of fatty acids into oxylipins. Mediates a protection against oxidative stress and cell death, probably by generating some lipid-derived molecules. Promotes local and systemic plant defense in a salicylic acid (SA)-dependent manner, including the establishment of systemic acquired resistance (SAR) in response to incompatible interaction. Involved in a negative regulation of abscisic acid (ABA)-mediated signaling pathway. (639 aa) |
| | NSL1 | MACPF domain-containing protein NSL1; Negatively controls the salicylic acid (SA)-mediated pathway of programmed cell death in plant immunity. Belongs to the complement C6/C7/C8/C9 (TC 1.C.39) family. (612 aa) |
| | RIN13 | RPM1 interacting protein 13. (430 aa) |
| | SERK4 | Somatic embryogenesis receptor kinase 4; Dual specificity kinase acting on both serine/threonine- and tyrosine-containing substrates. Positively regulates the BR-dependent plant growth pathway and negatively regulates the BR-independent cell- death pathway. (620 aa) |
| | VDAC3 | Mitochondrial outer membrane protein porin 3; Forms a channel through the mitochondrial outer membrane that allows diffusion of small hydrophilic molecules. The channel adopts an open conformation at low or zero membrane potential and a closed conformation at potentials above 30-40 mV. The open state has a weak anion selectivity whereas the closed state is cation-selective (By similarity); Belongs to the eukaryotic mitochondrial porin (TC 1.B.8.1) family. (274 aa) |
| | BAH1 | E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase BAH1; Mediates E2-dependent protein ubiquitination. Plays a role in salicylic acid-mediated negative feedback regulation of salicylic acid (SA) accumulation. May be involved in the overall regulation of SA, benzoic acid and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis. Controls the adaptability to nitrogen limitation by channeling the phenylpropanoid metabolic flux to the induced anthocyanin synthesis. (335 aa) |
| | T22A6.120 | MACPF domain-containing protein At4g24290; Negatively controls the salicylic acid (SA)-mediated pathway of programmed cell death in plant immunity. (606 aa) |
| | CPR1 | F-box protein CPR1; Component of SCF(ASK-cullin-F-box) E3 ubiquitin ligase complexes, which may mediate the ubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation of target proteins (By similarity). Regulates negatively both salicylic acid (SA)-dependent and SA-independent defense signaling. (413 aa) |
| | EDS1B | Protein EDS1B; Acts as a second functional copy of EDS1. Can mediate HRT- mediated resistance to turnip crinkle virus. (629 aa) |
| | EDS1 | Protein EDS1; Positive regulator of basal resistance and of effector- triggered immunity specifically mediated by TIR-NB-LRR (TNL) resistance proteins. Disruption by bacterial effector of EDS1-TIR-NB-LRR resistance protein interactions constitutes the first step in resistance activation. Acts redundantly with salicylic acid to regulate resistance gene-mediated signaling. Triggers early plant defenses and hypersensitive response independently of PAD4, and then recruits PAD4 to potentiate plant defenses through the accumulation of salicylic acid. Nuclear localization is essential for bas [...] (623 aa) |
| | SNI1 | Negative regulator of systemic acquired resistance SNI1; Component of the SMC5-SMC6 complex, a complex involved in repair of DNA double-strand breaks by homologous recombination. Transcription repressor that prevents expression of pathogenesis-related genes (PR) via histone modifications and binding negative cis-acting elements at their promoters. Negative regulator of hypersensitive response (HR) and systemic acquired resistance (SAR) required to dampen the basal expression of pathogenesis related (PR) genes. Functions synergistically with NTL9/CBNAC as negative regulator of pathogen- [...] (432 aa) |
| | DSC1 | Disease resistance-like protein DSC1; TIR-NB-LRR receptor-like protein involved in plant defense. Acts as a trigger of hypersensitive response (HR). Functions as guard of CAMTA3, a negative regulator of immunity, during pathogen infection. Belongs to the disease resistance NB-LRR family. (1219 aa) |
| | SHM1 | Serine hydroxymethyltransferase 1, mitochondrial; Functions in the photorespiratory pathway in catalyzing the interconversion of serine and glycine. Involved in controlling cell damage caused by abiotic stress, such as high light and salt and the hypersensitive defense response of plants. Belongs to the SHMT family. (517 aa) |
| | RPS4-2 | Disease resistance protein RPS4; Disease resistance (R) protein that specifically recognizes the AvrRps4 type III effector avirulence protein from P.syringae. Resistance proteins guard the plant against pathogens that contain an appropriate avirulence protein via an indirect interaction with this avirulence protein. That triggers a defense system including the hypersensitive response, which restricts the pathogen growth. Probably acts as a NAD(+) hydrolase (NADase): in response to activation, catalyzes cleavage of NAD(+) into ADP-D-ribose (ADPR) and nicotinamide; NAD(+) cleavage trigge [...] (1217 aa) |
| | ABCG36 | ABC transporter G family member 36; Key factor that controls the extent of cell death in the defense response. Necessary for both callose deposition and glucosinolate activation in response to pathogens. Required for limiting invasion by nonadapted powdery mildews. Confers resistance to cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb), probably as an efflux pump of Cd2+ or Cd conjugates, and possibly, of chemicals that mediate pathogen resistance. (1469 aa) |
| | AGP4 | Classical arabinogalactan protein 4; Proteoglycan that seems to be implicated in diverse developmental roles such as differentiation, cell-cell recognition, embryogenesis and programmed cell death; Belongs to the classical AGP family. (135 aa) |
| | RPI2 | Probable ribose-5-phosphate isomerase 2; Catalyzes the reversible conversion of ribose-5-phosphate to ribulose 5-phosphate. (265 aa) |
| | LPP1 | Lipid phosphate phosphatase 1; Plays a general role in cellular responses to stress, may be by attenuating the signal produced by phospholipases. Exhibits both diacylglycerol pyrophosphate (DGPP) phosphatase and phosphatidate (PA) phosphatase activities. Substrate preference is diacylglycerol pyrophosphate > phosphatidate; Belongs to the PA-phosphatase related phosphoesterase family. (327 aa) |
