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| | SARD1 | Protein SAR DEFICIENT 1; Transcription activator that binds DNA in a sequence-specific manner, 5'-GAAATTTTGG-3', to promote the expression of target genes. Recruited to the promoter of ICS1 and other defense-related genes (e.g. PR1 and SID2) in response to both biotic (e.g. Pseudomonas syringae pv. maculicola ES4326) and abiotic stresses (e.g. UV-B), thus triggering slow defense responses by stimulating salicylic acid (SA) biosynthesis. Required for basal and systemic acquired resistance to P. syringae pv. maculicola and Hyaloperonospora arabidopsidis. Belongs to the plant ACBP60 prote [...] (451 aa) |
| | ETL1 | Protein CHROMATIN REMODELING 19; DNA helicase that possesses intrinsic ATP-dependent nucleosome-remodeling activity and is both required for DNA repair and heterochromatin organization. Promotes DNA end resection of double- strand breaks (DSBs) following DNA damage: probably acts by weakening histone DNA interactions in nucleosomes flanking DSBs (By similarity). Probable chromatin remodeling factor. Probable helicase-like transcription factor involved in transcriptional gene silencing. Associates with SUVR2 and contributes to transcriptional gene silencing at RNA-directed DNA methylati [...] (763 aa) |
| | LPP1 | Lipid phosphate phosphatase 1; Plays a general role in cellular responses to stress, may be by attenuating the signal produced by phospholipases. Exhibits both diacylglycerol pyrophosphate (DGPP) phosphatase and phosphatidate (PA) phosphatase activities. Substrate preference is diacylglycerol pyrophosphate > phosphatidate; Belongs to the PA-phosphatase related phosphoesterase family. (327 aa) |
| | ABCB1 | ABC transporter B family member 1; Auxin efflux transporter that acts as a negative regulator of light signaling to promote hypocotyl elongation. Mediates the accumulation of chlorophyll and anthocyanin, as well as the expression of genes in response to light. Participates directly in auxin efflux and thus regulates the polar (presumably basipetal) auxin transport (from root tips to root elongating zone). Transports also some auxin metabolites such as oxindoleacetic acid and indoleacetaldehyde. Involved in diverse auxin-mediated responses including gravitropism, phototropism and latera [...] (1286 aa) |
| | UGT73C1 | UDP-glycosyltransferase 73C1; Involved in the O-glucosylation of trans-zeatin and dihydrozeatin. Also active in vitro on cis-zeatin, dihydrozeatin-9-N- Glc, and olomoucine. Can detoxify the explosive 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene in plant by forming O- or C-glucose conjugates. Belongs to the UDP-glycosyltransferase family. (491 aa) |
| | GLYI4 | Lactoylglutathione lyase / glyoxalase I family protein. (174 aa) |
| | HUA2 | ENHANCER OF AG-4 protein 2; Transcription factor that functions as repressor of flowering by enhancing the expression of several genes that delay flowering including FLC, FLM/MAF1, MAF2 and SVP. Also acts in the floral homeotic AGAMOUS (AG) pathway, specifically by processing the AGAMOUS pre-mRNA. Functions in association with HUA1 and HEN4 in AG pre-mRNA processing. Involved in all three aspects of the AG functions, the specification of stamen and carpel identities, the control of floral determinacy, and the spatial restriction of AP1 expression. Acts as transcription regulator that c [...] (1392 aa) |
| | HKL3 | Probable hexokinase-like 2 protein; Fructose and glucose phosphorylating enzyme. (493 aa) |
| | MYB4 | Transcription repressor MYB4; Transcription repressor involved in regulation of protection against UV. Mediates transcriptional repression of CYP73A5, the gene encoding trans-cinnamate 4-monooxygenase, thereby regulating the accumulation of the UV-protectant compound sinapoylmalate. (282 aa) |
| | POLD3 | DNA-directed DNA polymerase. (509 aa) |
| | F11M15.26 | Photosystem II 5 kD protein. (106 aa) |
| | JAR1 | Jasmonoyl--L-amino acid synthetase JAR1; Catalyzes the synthesis of jasmonates-amino acid conjugates by adenylation; can use Ile and, in vitro at least, Val, Leu and Phe as conjugating amino acids on jasmonic acid (JA) and 9,10-dihydro-JA substrates, and to a lower extent, on 3-oxo-2-(2Z-pentenyl)- cyclopentane-1-butyric acid (OPC-4) and 12-hydroxy-JA (12-OH-JA). Can synthesize adenosine 5-tetraphosphate in vitro. Required for the JA- mediated signaling pathway that regulates many developmental and defense mechanisms, including growth root inhibition, vegetative storage proteins (VSPs) [...] (575 aa) |
| | RUS2 | Protein root UVB sensitive 2, chloroplastic; Involved in a root UV-B sensing pathway and in the protection against the hypersensitivity to very low-fluence-rate (VLF) UV-B. RSU1 and RUS2 are probably both negative modulators of the same UV-B perception pathway, which when overstimulated in the roots causes a block to postgermination development. Required for polar auxin transport and to maintain the normal levels of PIN proteins in the root. (433 aa) |
| | F14N22.2 | Phospholipase A1-IIdelta; Acylhydrolase that catalyzes the hydrolysis of phosphatidylcholine (PC) at the sn-1 position. High activity toward PC, medium activity toward monogalactosyldiacylglycerol (MGDG) and low activity toward triacylglycerol (TAG). Confers sensitivity to UV-B radiation probably by deesterifying membrane phospholipids. (412 aa) |
| | SEP2-2 | Stress enhanced protein 2, chloroplastic; May be involved in non-photochemical quenching, a process that maintains the balance between dissipation and utilization of light energy to minimize generation of oxidizing molecules, thereby protecting the plant against photo-oxidative damage (By similarity). May play a photoprotective role in the thylakoid membrane in response to light stress (Probable); Belongs to the ELIP/psbS family. (202 aa) |
| | RPA1B | Replication protein A 70 kDa DNA-binding subunit B; Component of the replication protein A complex (RPA) required for DNA recombination, repair and replication. The activity of RPA is mediated by single-stranded DNA binding and protein interactions (By similarity). Probably involved in repair of double-strand DNA breaks (DSBs) induced by genotoxic stresses (By similarity). (604 aa) |
| | ABC1 | Protein ABC transporter 1, mitochondrial; Atypical kinase involved in the biosynthesis of coenzyme Q, also named ubiquinone, an essential lipid-soluble electron transporter for aerobic cellular respiration; Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. ADCK protein kinase family. (623 aa) |
| | PHR1-2 | Deoxyribodipyrimidine photo-lyase; Involved in repair of UV radiation-induced DNA damage. Catalyzes the light-dependent monomerization (300-600 nm) of cyclobutylpyrimidine dimers (CPDs), which are formed between adjacent bases on the same DNA strand upon exposure to ultraviolet radiation. Required for plant survival in the presence of UV-B light. Not involved in the repair of (6-4) photoproducts. (496 aa) |
| | AMC8 | Metacaspase-8; Cysteine protease that cleaves specifically after arginine residues. Does not cleave caspase-specific substrates. May be involved in the modulation of programmed cell death activated by oxidative stress; Belongs to the peptidase C14B family. (381 aa) |
| | F3H | Naringenin,2-oxoglutarate 3-dioxygenase; Catalyzes the 3-beta-hydroxylation of 2S-flavanones to 2R,3R- dihydroflavonols which are intermediates in the biosynthesis of flavonols, anthocyanidins, catechins and proanthocyanidins in plants. (358 aa) |
| | TK1A | Thymidine kinase a; Part of the salvage pathway for purine and pyrimidine deoxyribonucleotide synthesis. Phosphorylates preferentially purines over pyrimidines. Mediates tolerance to genotoxins, such as ultraviolet-C (UV-C) irradiation, MMC, a DNA crosslinker, and ZEO, a DNA intercalator, that induce double-strand breaks and thus contributes to several DNA repair pathways by providing deoxythymidine triphosphate that serve as precursors for DNA repair and to balance deoxyribonucleotides pools. (238 aa) |
| | PAD4 | Lipase-like PAD4; Probable lipase required downstream of MPK4 for accumulation of the plant defense-potentiating molecule, salicylic acid, thus contributing to the plant innate immunity against invasive biotrophic pathogens and to defense mechanisms upon recognition of microbe- associated molecular patterns (MAMPs). Participates in the regulation of various molecular and physiological processes that influence fitness. Together with SG101, required for programmed cell death (PCD) triggered by NBS-LRR resistance proteins (e.g. RPS4, RPW8.1 and RPW8.2) in response to the fungal toxin fumo [...] (541 aa) |
| | ERCC1 | DNA excision repair protein ERCC-1; Seems to be involved in nucleotide excision repair (NER) of damaged DNA (dark repair mechanism). The UVH1/RAD1-ERCC1/RAD10 complex may act as an endonuclease making DNA incision 5' to the lesion site. In vitro, is implicated in double strand breaks (DSBs) repair and is required for homologous recombination in the presence of non-homologous overhangs. In vitro, is involved in chromosomal recombination between tandem repeats in both direct and inverted orientations. May mediate the induction of a DNA-damage sensitive cell-cycle checkpoint during the G2 [...] (410 aa) |
| | SEP1-2 | Stress enhanced protein 1, chloroplastic; May be involved in non-photochemical quenching, a process that maintains the balance between dissipation and utilization of light energy to minimize generation of oxidizing molecules, thereby protecting the plant against photo-oxidative damage (By similarity). May play a photoprotective role in the thylakoid membrane in response to light stress (Probable). (146 aa) |
| | F15G16.190 | UV-stimulated scaffold protein A homolog; Belongs to the UVSSA family. (664 aa) |
| | GEN2 | Flap endonuclease GEN-like 2; Belongs to the XPG/RAD2 endonuclease family. GEN subfamily. (600 aa) |
| | MYB11 | Transcription factor MYB11; Modulates overall growth by reducing the proliferation activity of meristematic cells and delaying development. Flavonol-specific transcription activator involved in the regulation of several genes of flavonoid biosynthesis. Activates the expression of CHS, CHI, F3H and FLS1. Confers tolerance to UV-B. (343 aa) |
| | HAM2 | Histone acetyltransferase of the MYST family 2; Histone acetyltransferase which may be involved in transcriptional activation. Acetylates 'Lys-5' of histone H4 (H4K5ac). Essential for gametophyte development. Negative regulator of flowering controlling the H4K5ac levels in the FLC chromatin. Belongs to the MYST (SAS/MOZ) family. (445 aa) |
| | MEB5.2 | UV-B-induced protein At3g17800, chloroplastic. (421 aa) |
| | FSD2 | Superoxide dismutase [Fe] 2, chloroplastic; Destroys superoxide anion radicals which are normally produced within the cells and which are toxic to biological systems (By similarity). Plays important role in chloroplast development, particularly in the maintenance of thylakoids membranes. Seems to act as a heterodimer with FSD3. (305 aa) |
| | RUP1 | WD repeat-containing protein RUP1; Functions in association with RUP2 as repressor of UV-B- induced photomorphogenesis mediated by UVR8 and HY5. Plays a crucial negative feedback regulatory role downstream of UVR8-COP1 to inhibit UVR8 function, balance UV-B-specific responses and ensure normal plant growth. Is involved in the regulation of photoperiodic flowering and vegetative development. (385 aa) |
| | MIP1B | B-box domain protein 31; Developmental regulator acting by forming heterodimeric complexes, that sequester CO and CO-like (COL) proteins into non- functional complexes. Involved in the CO-mediated long-day flowering-promotion pathway. Engages CO and the transcriptional repressor TPL in a tripartite complex (By similarity). Involved in the CO-mediated long-day flowering-promotion pathway. (121 aa) |
| | GEN1 | Flap endonuclease GEN-like 1; Endonuclease which cleaves flap structures at the junction between single-stranded DNA and double-stranded DNA; Belongs to the XPG/RAD2 endonuclease family. GEN subfamily. (599 aa) |
| | ABCB19 | ABC transporter B family member 19; Auxin efflux transporter that acts as a negative regulator of light signaling to promote hypocotyl elongation. Mediates the accumulation of chlorophyll and anthocyanin, as well as the expression of genes in response to light. Participates in auxin efflux and thus regulates the polar auxin basipetal transport (from auxin-producing leaves to auxin-sensitive tissues, and from root tips to root elongating zone). Involved in diverse auxin-mediated responses including gravitropism, phototropism and lateral root formation. (1252 aa) |
| | ZAT18 | Zinc finger protein ZAT18; Transcription factor involved in stress responses (Probable). Positive regulator of the jasmonic acid (JA)- mediated signaling pathway. Triggers the up- regulation of LOX3, VSP2, PAL1 and PAL2 in a JA-dependent manner. Promotes drought and osmotic stress tolerance by preventing reactive oxygen species (ROS) production (e.g. H(2)O(2)). (175 aa) |
| | E2FC | Transcription factor E2FC; Involved in transcriptional repression. May act by repressing E2F-regulated genes in mature differentiated cells, but is not an antagonist of E2FA. Restricts cell division and is involved in the coordination between cell proliferation and endoreduplication during development. May play a role during the transition from skotomorphogenesis to photomorphogenesis. Regulated by phosphorylation- dependent proteolysis via the protein-ubiquitin ligase SCF(SKP2A) complex. Belongs to the E2F/DP family. (396 aa) |
| | XPB2 | General transcription and DNA repair factor IIH helicase subunit XPB2; ATP-dependent 3'-5' DNA helicase, component of the general transcription and DNA repair factor IIH (TFIIH) core complex, which is involved in general and transcription-coupled nucleotide excision repair (NER) of damaged DNA and, when complexed to CAK, in RNA transcription by RNA polymerase II. In NER, TFIIH acts by opening DNA around the lesion to allow the excision of the damaged oligonucleotide and its replacement by a new DNA fragment. The ATPase activity of XPB, but not its helicase activity, is required for DNA [...] (766 aa) |
| | POLL | DNA polymerase lambda; Repair polymerase involved in base excision repair (BER) and responsible for repair of lesions that give rise to abasic (AP) sites in DNA. Has both DNA polymerase and terminal transferase activities. Has a 5'-deoxyribose-5-phosphate lyase (dRP lyase) activity (By similarity). Involved in the repair of transposon-induced DNA double strand breaks (DSBs). Involved in repair of UV-B- mediated DNA damage during seedling development through an excision repair mechanism. Involved the repair of DSBs induced by high salinity and DNA cross-linking agent. Functions via the [...] (529 aa) |
| | UVR8 | Ultraviolet-B receptor UVR8; UV-B specific signaling component that acts as UV-B photoreceptor and plays a key role in establishing UV-protective responses in plants. Upon UV-B irradiation, UVR8 undergoes an immediate switch from homodimer to monomer, accumulates in the nucleus, interacts with the photomorphogenic repressor COP1 and regulates the expression of the transcription factor HY5 by associating with chromatin (through histone H2B binding) in the HY5 promoter region. UVR8 is involved in controlling aspects of leaf growth and morphogenesis in response to UV- B, is required for n [...] (440 aa) |
| | CHC1-2 | SWI/SNF complex component SNF12 homolog; Involved in transcriptional activation and repression of select genes by chromatin remodeling (alteration of DNA-nucleosome topology); Belongs to the SMARCD family. (534 aa) |
| | Mge1 | GrpE protein homolog 1, mitochondrial; Essential component of the PAM complex, a complex required for the translocation of transit peptide-containing proteins from the inner membrane into the mitochondrial matrix in an ATP-dependent manner (By similarity). Seems to control the nucleotide-dependent binding of mitochondrial HSP70 to substrate proteins (By similarity). Binds ATP. Interacts with copper ions Cu(2+). Belongs to the GrpE family. (302 aa) |
| | HAM1 | Histone acetyltransferase of the MYST family 1; Histone acetyltransferase which may be involved in transcriptional activation. Acetylates 'Lys-5' of histone H4 (H4K5ac). Essential for gametophyte development. Involved in DNA repair after UV-B exposure. Negative regulator of flowering controlling the H4K5ac levels in the FLC chromatin. (445 aa) |
| | K18L3.9 | E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase SINA-like 7; E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that mediates ubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation of target proteins. E3 ubiquitin ligases accept ubiquitin from an E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme in the form of a thioester and then directly transfers the ubiquitin to targeted substrates. It probably triggers the ubiquitin-mediated degradation of different substrates. (286 aa) |
| | CSD3 | Superoxide dismutase [Cu-Zn] 3; Destroys radicals which are normally produced within the cells and which are toxic to biological systems. (164 aa) |
| | MCM23.3 | Cysteine/Histidine-rich C1 domain family protein. (599 aa) |
| | SAG12 | Senescence-specific cysteine protease SAG12; Cysteine protease that may have a developmental senescence specific cell death function during apoptosis, heavy metal detoxification, and hypersensitive response. (346 aa) |
| | MYB111 | Transcription factor MYB111; Flavonol-specific transcription activator involved in the regulation of several genes of flavonoid biosynthesis. Activates the expression of CHS, CHI, F3H and FLS1. Controls flavonol biosynthesis primarily in cotyledons and leaves. Confers tolerance to UV-B. (342 aa) |
| | RUP2 | WD repeat-containing protein RUP2; Functions in association with RUP1 as repressor of UV-B- induced photomorphogenesis mediated by UVR8 and HY5. Plays a crucial negative feedback regulatory role downstream of UVR8-COP1 to inhibit UVR8 function, balance UV-B-specific responses and ensure normal plant growth. Is involved in the regulation of photoperiodic flowering and vegetative development. May act as negative regulator of photoperiodic flowering by suppressing flowering through the action of CONSTANS (CO) and FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT). (368 aa) |
| | ADR2 | Disease resistance protein ADR2; TIR-NB-LRR receptor-like protein that confers broad-spectrum resistance and full immunity to several races of the pathogen Albugo candida (white rust disease). Confers resistance to the biotrophic pathogens Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 and Hyaloperonospora arabidopsis isolate Noco2. May play a role in the response to UV stress. (1007 aa) |
| | T32G9.25 | Uncharacterized protein T32G9.25. (156 aa) |
| | HISN8 | Histidinol dehydrogenase, chloroplastic; Catalyzes the sequential NAD-dependent oxidations of L- histidinol to L-histidinaldehyde and then to L-histidine. (466 aa) |
| | MKP1 | Protein-tyrosine-phosphatase MKP1; Protein-tyrosine-phosphatase that acts as a negative regulator of MPK6 and MPK3 signaling by dephosphorylating and repressing MPK6 and MPK3. Modulates defense response by repressing salicylic acid (SA) production, camalexin biosynthesis and SNC1- mediated responses. Acts as a negative regulator of MPK6-mediated pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP) responses, including MPK6 and MPK3 activation, accumulation of extracellular reactive oxygen species and inhibition of seedling growth. Involved in UV-B stress tolerance. May be involved in salt and [...] (784 aa) |
| | FBL4 | F-box/LRR-repeat protein 4. (610 aa) |
| | Q9C597_ARATH | RNI-like superfamily protein. (544 aa) |
| | ELIP2 | Early light-induced protein 2, chloroplastic; Probably involved in the integration of pigments into the mature light-harvesting pigment-protein complexes. Light-harvesting chlorophyll (LHC) a/b-binding protein required to ensure a high rate of chlorophyll accumulation during deetiolation in continuous high light. Involved in seed germination. May fulfill a photoprotective functions. Prevents excess accumulation of free chlorophyll by inhibiting the entire chlorophyll biosynthesis pathway (e.g. 5-aminolevulinate synthesis and Mg-protoporphyrin IX chelatase activity), and hence prevent p [...] (193 aa) |
| | REV7 | DNA polymerase zeta processivity subunit; Regulatory subunit of the error prone DNA polymerase zeta. Involved in damage-tolerance mechanisms through translesion DNA synthesis (By similarity). (215 aa) |
| | PCC1 | Cysteine-rich and transmembrane domain-containing protein PCC1; Modulates resistance against pathogens including oomycetes (e.g. Hyaloperonospora parasitica and Phytophthora brassicae) and fungi (e.g. Phytophthora brassicae). Controls the abscisic acid-mediated (ABA) signaling pathways. Regulator of the flowering time in response to stress (e.g. UV-C). Regulates polar lipid content; promotes phosphatidylinositol (PI) and 18:0 but prevents 18:2 and 18:3 polar lipids accumulation; Belongs to the CYSTM1 family. (81 aa) |
| | ATCSA-1 | WD repeat-containing protein ATCSA-1; Involved in UV-B tolerance and genome integrity. In association with DDB2, is necessary for repair of UV-B-induced DNA lesions. (450 aa) |
| | RPL10C | 60S ribosomal protein L10-3. (221 aa) |
| | RPL10A | 60S ribosomal protein L10-1; Ribosomal protein involved in translational regulation. Contribute to general translation under UV-B stress. Involved in the NIK1-mediated defense response to geminivirus infection. Acts coordinately with LIMYB as a transcriptional repressor. (220 aa) |
| | XPD | General transcription and DNA repair factor IIH helicase subunit XPD; ATP-dependent 5'-3' DNA helicase, component of the general transcription and DNA repair factor IIH (TFIIH) core complex, which is involved in general and transcription-coupled nucleotide excision repair (NER) of damaged DNA and, when complexed to CAK, in RNA transcription by RNA polymerase II. In NER, TFIIH acts by opening DNA around the lesion to allow the excision of the damaged oligonucleotide and its replacement by a new DNA fragment. The ATP-dependent helicase activity of XPD is required for DNA opening. In tran [...] (758 aa) |
| | ULI3 | Cysteine/Histidine-rich C1 domain family protein. (710 aa) |
| | HYH | Transcription factor HY5-like; Transcription factor that promotes photomorphogenesis in light. Acts downstream of the light receptor network and directly affects transcription of light-induced genes. Specifically involved in the blue light specific pathway, suggesting that it participates in transmission of cryptochromes (CRY1 and CRY2) signals to downstream responses. In darkness, its degradation prevents the activation of light-induced genes; Belongs to the bZIP family. (149 aa) |
| | HSR4 | Protein HYPER-SENSITIVITY-RELATED 4. (576 aa) |
| | SCPL52 | Putative serine carboxypeptidase-like 52. (184 aa) |
| | PAI3 | N-(5'-phosphoribosyl)anthranilate isomerase 3, chloroplastic; Belongs to the TrpF family. (244 aa) |
| | PDX13 | Pyridoxal 5'-phosphate synthase subunit PDX1.3; Catalyzes the formation of pyridoxal 5'-phosphate from ribose 5-phosphate (RBP), glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (G3P) and ammonia. The ammonia is provided by PDX2. Can also use ribulose 5-phosphate and dihydroxyacetone phosphate as substrates, resulting from enzyme- catalyzed isomerization of RBP and G3P, respectively. Also plays an indirect role in resistance to singlet oxygen-generating photosensitizers; Belongs to the PdxS/SNZ family. (309 aa) |
| | POLH | DNA polymerase eta; Error-free DNA polymerase specifically involved in DNA repair. Plays an important role in translesion synthesis (TLS), where the normal high fidelity DNA polymerases cannot proceed and DNA synthesis stalls. Plays an important role in the repair of UV-induced pyrimidine dimers and confers resistance to ultraviolet light. Depending on the context, it inserts the correct base, but may cause base transitions and transversions. Forms a Schiff base with 5'- deoxyribose phosphate at abasic sites, but does not have lyase activity. Targets POLI to replication foci. Exhibits [...] (672 aa) |
| | DHU1 | Transducin family protein / WD-40 repeat family protein. (783 aa) |
| | MYB60 | Transcription factor MYB60; Transcription factor involved in the regulation of gene (e.g. drought-regulated and flavonoid biosynthetic genes) expression and stomatal movements leading to negative regulation of responses to drought and responses to other physiological stimuli (e.g. light). Promotes guard cell deflation in response to water deficit. Triggers root growth upon osmotic stress (e.g. mannitol containing medium). (280 aa) |
| | ASHH1 | Histone-lysine N-methyltransferase ASHH1; Histone methyltransferase involved in regulation of flowering time. Required for the expression of the SOC1/AGL20 gene. Required for histone H3 trimethylation on 'Lys-4' (H3K4me3) at the SOC1 locus. Prevents trimethylation on 'Lys-27' (H3K27me3) at the same locus. Belongs to the class V-like SAM-binding methyltransferase superfamily. Histone-lysine methyltransferase family. SET2 subfamily. (492 aa) |
| | ARI12 | Probable E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase ARI12; Might act as an E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase, or as part of E3 complex, which accepts ubiquitin from specific E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes and then transfers it to substrates; Belongs to the RBR family. Ariadne subfamily. (496 aa) |
| | RUS1 | Protein root UVB sensitive 1, chloroplastic; Involved in a root UV-B sensing pathway and in the protection against the hypersensitivity to very low-fluence-rate (VLF) UV-B. RSU1 and RUS2 are probably both negative modulators of the same UV-B perception pathway, which when overstimulated in the roots causes a block to postgermination development. Required for polar auxin transport by maintaining the proper levels of auxin transporters AUX1 (AC Q96247) and PIN proteins on the plasma membrane. Belongs to the RUS1 family. (608 aa) |
| | REV3 | DNA polymerase zeta catalytic subunit; Catalytic subunit of the error prone DNA polymerase zeta. Involved in damage-tolerance mechanisms through translesion DNA synthesis. (1890 aa) |
| | BDG4 | Probable lysophospholipase BODYGUARD 4; Involved in cuticle development and morphogenesis. (417 aa) |
| | MYB63 | Transcription factor MYB63; Transcriptional activator that binds DNA to the AC cis- elements 5'-ACCTACC-3', 5'-ACCAACC-3' and 5'-ACCTAAC-3' of promoters and specifically activates lignin biosynthetic genes during secondary wall formation mediated by SND1. (294 aa) |
| | DDB2 | Protein DAMAGED DNA-BINDING 2; May function as the substrate recognition module for a DCX (DDB1-CUL4-X-box) E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase complex including DDB1A and CUL4 (By similarity). Required for DNA repair. Binds to DDB1A to form the UV-damaged DNA-binding protein complex (the UV-DDB complex). The UV-DDB complex may recognize UV-induced DNA damage and recruit proteins of the nucleotide excision repair pathway (the NER pathway) to initiate DNA repair. Involved in UV-B tolerance and genome integrity. In association with ATCSA-1, is necessary for repair of UV-B-induced DNA lesions. (557 aa) |
| | UGT84A1 | UDP-glycosyltransferase 84A1; UDP-glucosyltransferase that forms glucose esters with phenylpropanoids. Glucosylates 4- coumarate, ferulate, caffeate, sinapate and cinnamate. Can glucosylate the phytotoxic xenobiotic compound 2,4,5-trichlorophenol (TCP). Belongs to the UDP-glycosyltransferase family. (490 aa) |
| | CYP84A1 | Cytochrome P450 84A1. (520 aa) |
| | CYP90A1 | Cytochrome P450 90A1. (472 aa) |
| | ZAT12 | Zinc finger protein ZAT12; Transcriptional repressor involved in light acclimation, cold and oxidative stress responses. May regulate a collection of transcripts involved in response to high-light, cold and oxidative stress. (162 aa) |
| | MPK6 | Mitogen-activated protein kinase 6; Involved in oxidative stress-mediated signaling cascade (such as ozone). Involved in the innate immune MAP kinase signaling cascade (MEKK1, MKK4/MKK5 and MPK3/MPK6) downstream of bacterial flagellin receptor FLS2. May be involved in hypersensitive response (HR)-mediated signaling cascade by modulating LIP5 phosphorylation and subsequent multivesicular bodies (MVBs) trafficking. May phosphorylate regulators of WRKY transcription factors. Phosphorylates 1-aminocyclopropane-1- carboxylic acid synthases (ACS2 and ACS6) and may be involved in the regulati [...] (395 aa) |
| | MPK3 | Mitogen-activated protein kinase 3; Involved in oxidative stress-mediated signaling cascade (such as ozone). Involved in the innate immune MAP kinase signaling cascade (MEKK1, MKK4/MKK5 and MPK3/MPK6) downstream of bacterial flagellin receptor FLS2. May be involved in hypersensitive response (HR)-mediated signaling cascade by modulating LIP5 phosphorylation and subsequent multivesicular bodies (MVBs) trafficking. May phosphorylate regulators of WRKY transcription factors. Mediates the phosphorylation of VIP1 and subsequent stress genes transcription in response to Agrobacterium. MKK9-M [...] (370 aa) |
| | XPB1 | General transcription and DNA repair factor IIH helicase subunit XPB1; ATP-dependent 3'-5' DNA helicase, component of the general transcription and DNA repair factor IIH (TFIIH) core complex, which is involved in general and transcription-coupled nucleotide excision repair (NER) of damaged DNA and, when complexed to CAK, in RNA transcription by RNA polymerase II. In NER, TFIIH acts by opening DNA around the lesion to allow the excision of the damaged oligonucleotide and its replacement by a new DNA fragment. The ATPase activity of XPB, but not its helicase activity, is required for DNA [...] (767 aa) |
| | UBQ3 | Polyubiquitin 3; Ubiquitin exists either covalently attached to another protein, or free (unanchored). When covalently bound, it is conjugated to target proteins via an isopeptide bond either as a monomer (monoubiquitin), a polymer linked via different Lys residues of the ubiquitin (polyubiquitin chains) or a linear polymer linked via the initiator Met of the ubiquitin (linear polyubiquitin chains). Polyubiquitin chains, when attached to a target protein, have different functions depending on the Lys residue of the ubiquitin that is linked: Lys-11-linked is involved in ERAD (endoplasmi [...] (306 aa) |
| | ANL2 | Homeobox-leucine zipper protein ANTHOCYANINLESS 2; Probable transcription factor involved in the regulation of the tissue-specific accumulation of anthocyanins and in cellular organization of the primary root. (802 aa) |
| | RPL10B | 60S ribosomal protein L10-2. (221 aa) |
| | ELIP1 | Early light-induced protein 1, chloroplastic; Prevents excess accumulation of free chlorophyll by inhibiting the entire chlorophyll biosynthesis pathway (e.g. 5- aminolevulinate synthesis and Mg-protoporphyrin IX chelatase activity), and hence prevent photooxidative stress (By similarity). Probably involved in the integration of pigments into the mature light- harvesting pigment-protein complexes. Light-harvesting chlorophyll (LHC) a/b-binding protein required to ensure a high rate of chlorophyll accumulation during deetiolation in continuous high light. Involved in seed germination. M [...] (195 aa) |
| | COP1 | E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase COP1; E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that acts as a repressor of photomorphogenesis and as an activator of etiolation in darkness. E3 ubiquitin ligases accept ubiquitin from an E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme in the form of a thioester and then directly transfers the ubiquitin to targeted substrates. Represses photomorphogenesis in darkness by mediating ubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation of light-induced transcription factors such as HY5, HYH and LAF1. Down-regulates MYB21, probably via ubiquitination process. Light stimuli abrogate the repre [...] (675 aa) |
| | CHI1 | Chalcone--flavonone isomerase 1; Catalyzes the intramolecular cyclization of bicyclic chalcones into tricyclic (S)-flavanones. Responsible for the isomerization of 4,2',4',6'-tetrahydroxychalcone (also termed chalcone) into naringenin. (246 aa) |
| | PAL1 | Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase 1; This is a key enzyme of plant metabolism catalyzing the first reaction in the biosynthesis from L-phenylalanine of a wide variety of natural products based on the phenylpropane skeleton; Belongs to the PAL/histidase family. (725 aa) |
| | PR5 | Pathogenesis-related protein 5; Partially responsible for acquired pathogen resistance. (239 aa) |
| | CSD1 | Superoxide dismutase [Cu-Zn] 1; Destroys radicals which are normally produced within the cells and which are toxic to biological systems; Belongs to the Cu-Zn superoxide dismutase family. (152 aa) |
| | CHS | Chalcone synthase; The primary product of this enzyme is 4,2',4',6'- tetrahydroxychalcone (also termed naringenin-chalcone or chalcone) which can under specific conditions spontaneously isomerize into naringenin. (395 aa) |
| | DREB2A | Dehydration-responsive element-binding protein 2A; Transcriptional activator that binds specifically to the DNA sequence 5'-[AG]CCGAC-3'. Binding to the C-repeat/DRE element mediates high salinity- and dehydration-inducible transcription. Belongs to the AP2/ERF transcription factor family. ERF subfamily. (335 aa) |
| | T20K9.9 | VQ motif-containing protein. (114 aa) |
| | CSD2 | Superoxide dismutase [Cu-Zn] 2, chloroplastic; Destroys radicals which are normally produced within the cells and which are toxic to biological systems. Mediates tolerance to stress, including photo-oxidative stress. (216 aa) |
| | NDPK2 | Nucleoside diphosphate kinase II, chloroplastic; Major role in the synthesis of nucleoside triphosphates other than ATP. The ATP gamma phosphate is transferred to the NDP beta phosphate via a ping-pong mechanism, using a phosphorylated active-site intermediate. May activate MPK3 and MPK6. May be involved in the regulation of cellular redox state and hydrogen peroxide-mediated MAP kinase signaling. (231 aa) |
| | CKA3 | Casein kinase II subunit alpha-3; Casein kinases are operationally defined by their preferential utilization of acidic proteins such as caseins as substrates. The alpha chain contains the catalytic site. The tetrameric holoenzyme CK2 is composed of two alpha and two beta subunits (By similarity). Acts as circadian clock component that maintains the correct period length through phosphorylation of CCA1. (333 aa) |
| | HO1 | Heme oxygenase 1, chloroplastic; Key enzyme in the synthesis of the chromophore of the phytochrome family of plant photoreceptors. Catalyzes the opening of the heme ring to form the open-chain tetrapyrrole biliverdin IX with the release of iron and carbon monoxide (CO). Produces specifically the biliverdin IX-alpha isomer. Can form complex with heme, is ferredoxin- dependent and its activity is increased in the presence of ascorbate. Plays a role in salt acclimation signaling. May affect the plastid-to- nucleus signaling pathway by perturbing tetrapyrrole synthesis. The plastid-to-nucl [...] (282 aa) |
| | UVR3 | (6-4)DNA photolyase; Involved in repair of UV radiation-induced DNA damage. Catalyzes the photoreactivation of pyrimidine [6-4] pyrimidone photoproduct (6-4 products). Binds specifically to DNA containing 6-4 products and repairs these lesions in a visible light-dependent manner. Not required for repair of cyclobutane pyrimidine dimer (CPD). (556 aa) |
| | PYM | Protein POLYCHOME; Negative regulator of the anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C) ubiquitin ligase required for proper mitotic progression and cell fate determination; inhibits premature cell differentiation. Prevents DNA endoreplication by promoting the maintenance of the mitotic state by preferentially inhibiting APC/C(FZR) and triggering cyclins accumulation (e.g. CYCB1-1, CYCB1-2 and CYCA2-3) in a temporal manner. Required for megagametophyte and endosperm development. Counteracts the activity of CCS52A1 thus inhibiting the turnover of CYCA2-3. Confers immunity to bacterial [...] (259 aa) |
| | HY5 | Transcription factor HY5; Transcription factor that promotes photomorphogenesis in light. Acts downstream of the light receptor network and directly affects transcription of light-induced genes. Specifically involved in the blue light specific pathway, suggesting that it participates in transmission of cryptochromes (CRY1 and CRY2) signals to downstream responses. In darkness, its degradation prevents the activation of light-induced genes (Probable). Acts coordinately with SPL7 to regulate the microRNA miR408 and its target genes in response to changes in light and copper conditions. R [...] (168 aa) |
| | MSI4 | WD-40 repeat-containing protein MSI4; Core histone-binding subunit that may target chromatin assembly factors, chromatin remodeling factors and histone deacetylases to their histone substrates in a manner that is regulated by nucleosomal DNA. Component of the flowering autonomous pathway which positively regulates flowering by promoting transcriptional repression of the flowering repressor FLC. May promote histone deacetylation at the FLC locus leading to the formation of repressive chromatin structures. Also negatively regulates cold-responsive genes. (507 aa) |
| | BRI1 | Protein BRASSINOSTEROID INSENSITIVE 1; Receptor with a dual specificity kinase activity acting on both serine/threonine- and tyrosine-containing substrates. Regulates, in response to brassinosteroid binding, a signaling cascade involved in plant development, including expression of light- and stress-regulated genes, promotion of cell elongation, normal leaf and chloroplast senescence, and flowering. Binds brassinolide, and less effectively castasterone, but not 2,3,22,23-O-tetramethylbrassinolide or ecdysone. May be involved in a feedback regulation of brassinosteroid biosynthesis. Pho [...] (1196 aa) |
| | MYB12 | Transcription factor MYB12; Flavonol-specific transcription activator involved in the regulation of several genes of flavonoid biosynthesis. Activates the expression of CHS, CHI, F3H and FLS1. Controls flavonol biosynthesis mainly in the root. Confers tolerance to UV-B. (371 aa) |
| | MXC20.1 | DNA primase. (614 aa) |
| | CBP60G | Calmodulin-binding protein 60 G; Transcription activator that binds DNA in a sequence-specific manner, 5'-GAAATTTTGG-3', to promote the expression of target genes. Recruited to the promoter of ICS1 and other defense-related genes (e.g. PR1, PR2 and EDS5) in response to both biotic (e.g. Pseudomonas syringae pv. maculicola ES4326, P. syringae pv. tomato DC3000, and microbe- associated molecular patterns (MAMPs) such as flg22) and abiotic stresses (e.g. UV-B, drought and abscisic acid), thus triggering rapid defense responses by stimulating salicylic acid (SA) biosynthesis. Involved in b [...] (563 aa) |
| | F5K7.20 | F-box/LRR protein. (762 aa) |
| | NAC013 | NAC domain-containing protein 13; Transcriptional activator activated by proteolytic cleavage through regulated intramembrane proteolysis (RIP). Involved in oxidative stress tolerance by mediating regulation of mitochondrial retrograde signaling during mitochondrial dysfunction. Interacts directly with the mitochondrial dysfunction DNA consensus motif 5'- CTTGNNNNNCA[AC]G-3', a cis-regulatory elements of several mitochondrial retrograde regulation-induced genes, and triggers increased oxidative stress tolerance. (528 aa) |
| | LIG6 | DNA ligase 6; DNA ligase that seals nicks in double-stranded DNA during DNA replication, DNA recombination and DNA repair (Probable). Required to maintain seed viability (e.g. longevity and storability) and during seed germination, probably by repairing DNA damage accumulated during seed development, storage and/or imbibition. Facilitates seed germination in cold conditions (2 degrees Celsius) and under oxidative stress (e.g. menadione, a genotoxic agent). Involved in repair of X- ray-induced damage ; Belongs to the ATP-dependent DNA ligase family. (1396 aa) |
| | SUV2 | Protein SENSITIVE TO UV 2; Required for tolerance to DNA-damaging and cross-linking agents such as UVB irradiation, gamma-radiation, aphidicolin, ionizing radiation and hydroxyurea (HU), cisplatin (CDDP) and mitomycin C (MMC). Involved in cell- cycle G2/M arrest in response to DNA damage. Required for aluminum-dependent gene regulation and root growth inhibition in an ATR-dependent manner by halting cell cycle progression and triggering loss of the quiescent center (QC) ; Belongs to the serpin family. (646 aa) |
| | REV1 | DNA repair protein REV1; Deoxycytidyl transferase involved in DNA repair and translesion synthesis (TLS). Transfers a dCMP residue from dCTP to the 3'-end of a DNA primer in a template-dependent reaction. Mediates also the insertion of dTMP or dGMP when the opposite base is G, and, with a low efficiency, dGMP insertions opposite G, T, and C, dAMP insertions opposite G, A, and T, and dTMP insertion opposite A. May assist in the first step in the bypass of abasic lesions by the insertion of a nucleotide opposite the lesion. Required for normal induction of mutations by physical and chemi [...] (1105 aa) |
