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| | GIS2 | Zinc finger protein GIS2; Probable transcription factor required for the initiation of inflorescence trichomes in response to gibberellin and cytokinin. Is not involved in the regulation of trichome branching. Is functionally equivalent to ZFP8. (191 aa) |
| | ARC6 | Protein ACCUMULATION AND REPLICATION OF CHLOROPLASTS 6, chloroplastic; Component of the plastid division machinery. Involved in the initiation of proplastid and plastid division (including chloroplasts, statoliths and leukoplasts). Promotes the assembly and/or stabilization of the plastid-dividing FtsZ ring, functioning as an antagonistic regulator of FtsZ dynamics against CDP1. Relays plastid division site position between stroma and outer surface via interactions with the stromal FtsZ ring and the outer membrane PDV2 that recruits cytoplasmic ARC5 ring. Required for plastid equatoria [...] (801 aa) |
| | ZHD10 | Zinc-finger homeodomain protein 10; Putative transcription factor. Probably involved in establishing polarity during leaf development through the gibberellic acid (GA) signaling pathway. (334 aa) |
| | MCM23.3 | Cysteine/Histidine-rich C1 domain family protein. (599 aa) |
| | BT4 | BTB/POZ and TAZ domain-containing protein 4; May act as a substrate-specific adapter of an E3 ubiquitin- protein ligase complex (CUL3-RBX1-BTB) which mediates the ubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation of target proteins. (372 aa) |
| | PDV1 | Plastid division protein PDV1; Component of the plastid division machinery. Required to mediate the recruitment of ARC5 at the midplastid constriction site in the cytoplasm. (272 aa) |
| | MRG7.15 | Protein kinase family protein. (691 aa) |
| | PRE1 | Transcription factor PRE1; Atypical and probable non DNA-binding bHLH transcription factor that integrates multiple signaling pathways to regulate cell elongation and plant development. Binds IBH1, forming a pair of antagonistic bHLH transcription factors that function downstream of BZR1 to mediate brassinosteroid regulation of cell elongation. Regulates light responses by binding and inhibiting the activity of the bHLH transcription factor HFR1, a critical regulator of light signaling and shade avoidance. May have a regulatory role in various aspects of gibberellin-dependent growth an [...] (92 aa) |
| | WRKY27 | Probable WRKY transcription factor 27; Transcription factor. Interacts specifically with the W box (5'-(T)TGAC[CT]-3'), a frequently occurring elicitor-responsive cis- acting element (By similarity); Belongs to the WRKY group II-e family. (348 aa) |
| | NFYC4 | Nuclear transcription factor Y subunit C-4; Stimulates the transcription of various genes by recognizing and binding to a CCAAT motif in promoters (By similarity). Involved in the abscisic acid (ABA) signaling pathway. (250 aa) |
| | SRM1 | Transcription factor SRM1; Transcription activator that coordinates abscisic acid (ABA) biosynthesis and signaling-related genes via binding to the specific promoter motif 5'-(A/T)AACCAT-3'. Represses ABA-mediated salt (e.g. NaCl and KCl) stress tolerance. Regulates leaf shape and promotes vegetative growth. (298 aa) |
| | MYB65 | Transcription factor MYB65; Transcriptional activator of alpha-amylase expression that binds to 5'-CAACTGTC-3' motif in target gene promoter. In vegetative tissues, inhibits growth by reducing cell proliferation. Promotes the expression of aleurone-related genes (e.g. CP1, CP, GASA1, BXL1 and BXL2) in seeds. Together with MYB33 and MYB101, promotes the programmed cell death (PCD) the vacuolation of protein storage vacuoles (PSVs) in the aleurone layers during seed germination. Together with MYB33, facilitates anther and tapetum development. (553 aa) |
| | ESR2 | Ethylene-responsive transcription factor ESR2; Required for correct embryo patterning and cotyledon organogenesis. May regulate positively the gibberellin signaling pathway leading to germination, hypocotyl elongation, and leaf expansion. Involved in the cytokinin signaling pathway that promotes shoot regeneration, probably through transcriptional activation of target genes such as CUC1. Acts as a transcriptional activator. Binds to the GCC-box pathogenesis-related promoter element. May be involved in the regulation of gene expression by stress factors and by components of stress signa [...] (306 aa) |
| | CEP13 | C-terminally encoded peptide 13; Extracellular signaling peptide that may regulate primary root growth rate and systemic nitrogen (N)-demand signaling. (93 aa) |
| | RGL3 | DELLA protein RGL3; Probable transcriptional regulator that acts as a repressor of the gibberellin (GA) signaling pathway. No effect of the BOI proteins on its stability. Probably acts by participating in large multiprotein complexes that repress transcription of GA-inducible genes. Its activity may be regulated by phytohormones such as auxin and ethylene (By similarity); Belongs to the GRAS family. DELLA subfamily. (523 aa) |
| | GASA14 | Gibberellin-regulated protein 14; Gibberellin-regulated protein that may function in hormonal controlled steps of development such as seed germination, flowering and seed maturation; Belongs to the GASA family. (275 aa) |
| | PDF2-2 | Probable prefoldin subunit 2; Binds specifically to cytosolic chaperonin (c-CPN) and transfers target proteins to it. Binds to nascent polypeptide chain and promotes folding in an environment in which there are many competing pathways for nonnative proteins (By similarity); Belongs to the prefoldin subunit beta family. (148 aa) |
| | SOC1 | MADS-box protein SOC1; Transcription activator active in flowering time control. May integrate signals from the photoperiod, vernalization and autonomous floral induction pathways. Can modulate class B and C homeotic genes expression. When associated with AGL24, mediates effect of gibberellins on flowering under short-day conditions, and regulates the expression of LEAFY (LFY), which links floral induction and floral development. (214 aa) |
| | HY5 | Transcription factor HY5; Transcription factor that promotes photomorphogenesis in light. Acts downstream of the light receptor network and directly affects transcription of light-induced genes. Specifically involved in the blue light specific pathway, suggesting that it participates in transmission of cryptochromes (CRY1 and CRY2) signals to downstream responses. In darkness, its degradation prevents the activation of light-induced genes (Probable). Acts coordinately with SPL7 to regulate the microRNA miR408 and its target genes in response to changes in light and copper conditions. R [...] (168 aa) |
| | RACK1A | Receptor for activated C kinase 1A; Major component of the RACK1 regulatory proteins that play a role in multiple signal transduction pathways. Involved in multiple hormone responses and developmental processes. MAPK cascade scaffolding protein involved in the protease IV and ArgC signaling pathway but not the flg22 pathway. Belongs to the WD repeat G protein beta family. Ribosomal protein RACK1 subfamily. (327 aa) |
| | UBC17 | Probable ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2 17; Accepts the ubiquitin from the E1 complex and catalyzes its covalent attachment to other proteins; Belongs to the ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme family. (161 aa) |
| | GCR1 | G-protein coupled receptor 1; Together with GPA1, may regulate the cell cycle via a signaling cascade that uses phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C (PI-PLC) as an effector and inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate(IP(3)) as a second messenger. Acts as a negative regulator of GPA1-mediated abscisic acid (ABA) responses in guard cells, and together with GPA1 and GB1 during seed germination and early seedling development. Promotes PI-PLC activity and IP(3) accumulation. Involved in the blue light (BL) signaling. Together with GPA1 and ADT3, required for BL- mediated synthesis of phenylpy [...] (326 aa) |
| | F8F6.140 | F-box protein. (178 aa) |
| | F8F6.130 | F-box protein. (174 aa) |
| | PRE4 | Transcription factor PRE4; Atypical and probable non DNA-binding bHLH transcription factor that integrates multiple signaling pathways to regulate cell elongation and plant development. Regulates light responses by binding and inhibiting the activity of the bHLH transcription factor HFR1, a critical regulator of light signaling and shade avoidance. May have a regulatory role in various aspects of gibberellin-dependent growth and development. (92 aa) |
| | F4J3U4_ARATH | Homeodomain-like superfamily protein. (165 aa) |
| | GASA11 | Gibberellin-regulated protein 11; Gibberellin-regulated protein that may function in hormonal controlled steps of development such as seed germination, flowering and seed maturation. (94 aa) |
| | T24I21.16 | Kinase with adenine nucleotide alpha hydrolases-like domain-containing protein. (617 aa) |
| | GASA13 | Gibberellin-regulated protein 13; Gibberellin-regulated protein that may function in hormonal controlled steps of development such as seed germination, flowering and seed maturation. (103 aa) |
| | RSL1 | RBR-type E3 ubiquitin transferase. (398 aa) |
| | PRE5 | Transcription factor PRE5; Atypical and probable non DNA-binding bHLH transcription factor that integrates multiple signaling pathways to regulate cell elongation and plant development. May have a regulatory role in various aspects of gibberellin-dependent growth and development. (92 aa) |
| | MYB21 | Transcription factor MYB21; Transcription factor involved in photomorphogenesis in the light. May act downstream of the light receptor network and directly affects transcription of light-induced genes. In darkness, its probable degradation prevent the activation of light-induced genes. Required to activate expression of PAL. Acts redundantly with MYB24 and MYB57 to control stamen filament elongation in the late developed flowers. Contributes with MYB24 to induction of MYB108 by jasmonate. Repressed at the transcript levels by DELLA proteins. (226 aa) |
| | F18K10.20 | Duplicated homeodomain-like superfamily protein. (183 aa) |
| | SCL3 | Scarecrow-like protein 3; Probable transcription factor involved in plant development. (482 aa) |
| | GAI | DELLA protein GAI; Transcriptional regulator that acts as a repressor of the gibberellin (GA) signaling pathway. Transcription coactivator of the zinc finger transcription factors GAF1/IDD2 and ENY/IDD1 in regulation of gibberellin homeostasis and signaling. No effect of the BOI proteins on its stability. Probably acts by participating in large multiprotein complexes that repress transcription of GA-inducible genes. Positively regulates XERICO expression. In contrast to RGA, it is less sensitive to GA. Its activity is probably regulated by other phytohormones such as auxin and ethylene [...] (533 aa) |
| | MQM1.9 | Homeodomain-like transcriptional regulator. (337 aa) |
| | PCAP2 | Plasma membrane-associated cation-binding protein 2; May be involved in intracellular signaling through interaction with PtdInsPs and calmodulin (CaM); may keep PtdInsPs attached to the plasma membrane until Ca(2+)-CaM reaches a competitive concentration subsequent to an increase triggered by a stimulus, thus leading to PtdInsPs release and subsequent activation of InsPs- dependent signaling cascade (Probable). Binds to microtubules and inhibits tubulin polymerization. Regulates directional cell growth and cortical microtubule organization by destabilizing microtubules (e.g. in cotyled [...] (168 aa) |
| | SNE | F-box protein SNE; Essential component of a SCF-type E3 ligase complex that positively regulates the gibberellin signaling pathway. Upon gibberellin treatment, such complex probably mediates the ubiquitination and subsequent degradation of DELLA proteins (GAI, RGA and RGL2), some repressors of the gibberellin pathway, leading to activate the pathway. Can partially complement the absence of GID2/SLY1. (157 aa) |
| | ENY | Zinc finger protein ENHYDROUS; Transcription factor promoting the transition to germination by regulating light and hormonal signaling during seed maturation. Acts as a positive regulator of phytochrome and/or gibberellin action. (500 aa) |
| | KUA1 | Transcription factor KUA1; Transcriptional repressor. Direct regulator of the transcription of peroxidase (Prxs) and reactive oxygen species (ROS)-related genes via the recognition of 5'-ATCACA-3' motif. Binds to 5'-TATCCA-3' motif (TA box) and represses the activity of corresponding promoters (e.g. sugar response genes). Regulates hypocotyl elongation in response to darkness by enhancing auxin accumulation in a phytochrome-interacting factor (PIF) proteins-dependent manner. Promotes lateral roots formation. Promotes cell expansion during leaves development via the modulation of cell w [...] (365 aa) |
| | PRE2 | Transcription factor PRE2; Atypical and probable non DNA-binding bHLH transcription factor that integrates multiple signaling pathways to regulate cell elongation and plant development. Regulates light responses by binding and inhibiting the activity of the bHLH transcription factor HFR1, a critical regulator of light signaling and shade avoidance. May have a regulatory role in various aspects of gibberellin-dependent growth and development. (94 aa) |
| | GID1B | Gibberellin receptor GID1B; Functions as soluble gibberellin (GA) receptor. GA is an essential hormone that regulates growth and development in plants. Binds with high affinity the biologically active gibberellin GA4, but has no affinity for the biologically inactive GAs. In response to GA, interacts with specific DELLA proteins, known as repressors of GA- induced growth, and targets them for degradation via proteasome. Seems to be required for GA signaling that controls root growth, seed germination and flower development. May function as a dominant GA receptor at low GA concentration [...] (358 aa) |
| | T1E3_120 | Duplicated homeodomain-like superfamily protein. (215 aa) |
| | IBL1 | Transcription factor IBH1-like 1; Functions redundandly with IBH1/BHLH158 in a regulation node known as the incoherent feed-forward loop (FFL). Acts as transcriptional repressor that negatively regulates cell and organ elongation in response to gibberellin (GA) and brassinosteroid (BR) signaling. (180 aa) |
| | AIP3 | Probable prefoldin subunit 4; Binds specifically to cytosolic chaperonin (c-CPN) and transfers target proteins to it. Binds to nascent polypeptide chain and promotes folding in an environment in which there are many competing pathways for nonnative proteins (By similarity). (129 aa) |
| | LEP | Ethylene-responsive transcription factor LEP; Cell division-promoting factor involved in leaf blade differentiation, inflorescence branching, as well as in carpel and silique shape. Promotes the number of xylem cells. Regulates positively the gibberellin signaling pathway leading to germination, hypocotyl elongation, and leaf expansion. Probably acts as a transcriptional activator. Binds to the GCC-box pathogenesis-related promoter element. May be involved in the regulation of gene expression by stress factors and by components of stress signal transduction pathways (By similarity); Be [...] (211 aa) |
| | F27J15.20 | Duplicated homeodomain-like superfamily protein. (314 aa) |
| | GID1A | Gibberellin receptor GID1A; Functions as soluble gibberellin (GA) receptor. GA is an essential hormone that regulates growth and development in plants. Binds with high affinity the biologically active gibberellin GA4, but has no affinity for the biologically inactive GAs. In response to GA, interacts with specific DELLA proteins, known as repressors of GA- induced growth, and targets them for degradation via proteasome. Seems to be required for GA signaling that controls root growth, seed germination, stem elongation and flower development. Partially redundant with GID1B and GID1C; Bel [...] (345 aa) |
| | PKL | CHD3-type chromatin-remodeling factor PICKLE; Chromatin remodeling factor that represses the expression of embryonic trait genes (such as NFYB9/LEC1) upon and after seed germination and thus enables the developmental switch to post- germinative growth. Silences some MADS-box proteins such as PHE1 and PHE2. Plays a role during carpel differentiation. Regulates late processes in cytokinin signaling. (1384 aa) |
| | GA2 | Ent-kaur-16-ene synthase, chloroplastic; Catalyzes the conversion of ent-copalyl diphosphate to the gibberellin precursor ent-kaur-16-ene. (785 aa) |
| | GAF1-2 | Zinc finger protein GAI-ASSOCIATED FACTOR 1; Transcription factor that acts as a positive regulator of gibberellin (GA) action, homeostasis and signaling. GA converts the GAF1 complex from transcriptional activator to repressor via the degradation of DELLA proteins. (452 aa) |
| | XERICO | Probable E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase XERICO; Function on abscisic acid homeostasis at post-translational level, probably through ubiquitin/proteasome-dependent substrate- specific degradation. (162 aa) |
| | ABI5 | Protein ABSCISIC ACID-INSENSITIVE 5; Participates in ABA-regulated gene expression during seed development and subsequent vegetative stage by acting as the major mediator of ABA repression of growth. Binds to the embryo specification element and the ABA-responsive element (ABRE) of the Dc3 gene promoter and to the ABRE of the Em1 and Em6 genes promoters. Can also trans- activate its own promoter, suggesting that it is autoregulated. Plays a role in sugar-mediated senescence. Belongs to the bZIP family. ABI5 subfamily. (442 aa) |
| | GRF3-2 | Growth-regulating factor 3; Transcription activator that plays a role in the regulation of cell expansion in leaf and cotyledons tissues. Component of a network formed by miR396, the GRFs and their interacting factors (GIFs) acting in the regulation of meristem function, at least partially through the control of cell proliferation. microRNA396-GRF1/GRF3 regulatory module acts as a developmental regulator in the reprogramming of root cells during cyst nematode infection, leading to the formation of the syncytium. (398 aa) |
| | IBH1 | Transcription factor IBH1; Atypical and probable non DNA-binding bHLH transcription factor that acts as transcriptional repressor that negatively regulates cell and organ elongation in response to gibberellin (GA) and brassinosteroid (BR) signaling. Is able to form heterodimer with BHLH49, thus inhibiting DNA binding of BHLH49, which is a transcriptional activator that regulates the expression of a subset of genes involved in cell expansion by binding to the G-box motif. Binds and inhibits HBI1, a positive regulator of cell elongation that directly binds to the promoters and activated [...] (156 aa) |
| | RGA | DELLA protein RGA; Probable transcriptional regulator that acts as a repressor of the gibberellin (GA) signaling pathway. Probably acts by participating in large multiprotein complexes that repress transcription of GA-inducible genes. Positively regulates XERICO expression in seeds. Upon GA application, it is degraded by the proteasome, allowing the GA signaling pathway. Compared to other DELLA proteins, it is the most sensitive to GA application. No effect of the BOI proteins on its stability. Its activity is probably regulated by other phytohormones such as auxin and ethylene, attenu [...] (587 aa) |
| | MYB24 | Transcription factor MYB24; Transcription factor acting redundantly with MYB21 and MYB57 to control stamen filament elongation in the late developed flowers. Contributes with MYB21 to induction of MYB108 by jasmonate. Repressed at the transcript levels by DELLA proteins. (214 aa) |
| | PIF3 | Transcription factor PIF3; Transcription factor acting positively in the phytochrome signaling pathway. Activates transcription by binding to the G box (5'- CACGTG-3'). (524 aa) |
| | T11I18.5 | Protein kinase family protein. (701 aa) |
| | F13M14.13 | Homeodomain-like superfamily protein. (287 aa) |
| | MYB57 | Transcription factor MYB57; Transcription factor acting redundantly with MYB21 and MYB24 to control stamen filament elongation in the late developed flowers. Repressed at the transcript levels by DELLA proteins. (206 aa) |
| | GID2 | F-box protein GID2; Essential component of the SCF-type E3 ligase complex, SCF(GID2), a complex that positively regulates the gibberellin signaling pathway. Upon gibberellin treatment, the SCF(GID2) complex mediates the ubiquitination and subsequent degradation of DELLA proteins (GAI, RGA and RGL2), some repressors of the gibberellin pathway, leading to activate the pathway. (151 aa) |
| | GATA22 | Putative GATA transcription factor 22; Transcriptional regulator that specifically binds 5'-GATA-3' or 5'-GAT-3' motifs within gene promoters. Involved in the modulation of chloroplast development, growth and division in a cytokinin-dependent manner. Repressor of the gibberellic acid (GA) signaling pathway that regulates flowering and modulates greening, in a SOC1-dependent manner. Prevents the accumulation of SOC1 during flowering. Promotes chlorophyll biosynthesis throughout the plant, by regulating chlorophyll biosynthetic genes (e.g. HEMA1 and GUN4) and chloroplast localized glutam [...] (352 aa) |
| | SHI | Protein SHORT INTERNODES; Transcription activator that binds DNA on 5'-ACTCTAC-3' and promotes auxin homeostasis-regulating gene expression (e.g. YUC genes), as well as genes affecting stamen development, cell expansion and timing of flowering. Synergistically with other SHI-related proteins, regulates gynoecium, stamen and leaf development in a dose-dependent manner, controlling apical-basal patterning. Promotes style and stigma formation, and influences vascular development during gynoecium development. May also have a role in the formation and/or maintenance of the shoot apical meri [...] (331 aa) |
| | PDV2 | Plastid division protein PDV2; Component of the plastid division machinery. Required to mediate the recruitment of ARC5 at the midplastid constriction site in the cytoplasm. Relays plastid division site position between stroma and outer surface via interactions with the cytoplasmic ARC5 and the inner membrane ARC6 that recruits stromal FtsZ ring. (307 aa) |
| | NTL8 | NAC domain-containing protein 40; Transcriptional activator activated by proteolytic cleavage through regulated intramembrane proteolysis (RIP), probably via metalloprotease activity. Regulates gibberellic acid-mediated salt- responsive repression of seed germination and flowering via FT, thus delaying seed germination under high salinity conditions. (335 aa) |
| | HBI1 | Transcription factor HBI1; Atypical bHLH transcription factor that acts as positive regulator of cell elongation downstream of multiple external and endogenous signals by direct binding to the promoters and activation of the two expansin genes EXPA1 and EXPA8, encoding cell wall loosening enzymes. Transcriptional activity is inhibited when binding to the bHLH transcription factor IBH1. (337 aa) |
| | EFM | Myb family transcription factor EFM; Transcription factor acting as a flowering repressor, directly repressing FT expression in a dosage-dependent manner in the leaf vasculature. (432 aa) |
| | TFIIS | Transcription elongation factor TFIIS; Necessary for efficient RNA polymerase II transcription elongation past template-encoded arresting sites (Probable). Involved in the control of seed dormancy and germination. (378 aa) |
| | NFYC3 | Nuclear transcription factor Y subunit C-3; Stimulates the transcription of various genes by recognizing and binding to a CCAAT motif in promoters; Belongs to the NFYC/HAP5 subunit family. (217 aa) |
| | LBD40 | LOB domain-containing protein 40. (233 aa) |
| | MGP | Zinc finger protein MAGPIE; Transcription factor that regulates tissue boundaries and asymmetric cell division. Contributes to the sequestration of 'SHORT-ROOT' to the nucleus. Interacts with the SCR and MGP promoters. Does not show transcription activity by itself, but regulates the transcription of downstream genes through interaction with other transcription factors. Binds DNA via its zinc fingers. Recognizes and binds to SCL3 promoter sequence 5'-AGACAA-3' to promotes its expression when in complex with RGA. Positively involved in gibberellic acid (GA) signaling. (506 aa) |
| | F12L6.20 | Gibberellin-regulated protein 8; Gibberellin-regulated protein that may function in hormonal controlled steps of development such as seed germination, flowering and seed maturation; Belongs to the GASA family. (87 aa) |
| | F13P17.18 | Expressed protein. (136 aa) |
| | TRM13 | Phosphatidylinositol N-acetyglucosaminlytransferase subunit P-like protein. (720 aa) |
| | MYB101 | Transcription factor MYB101; Transcription activator. Binds to 5'-CAACTGTC-3' and/or 5'-TAACAAA-3' motif in target gene promoter (e.g. alpha-amylase) to promote their expression. Positive regulator of abscisic acid (ABA) responses leading to growth arrest during seed germination. Promotes the expression of aleurone-related genes (e.g. CP1, CP, GASA1, BXL1 and BXL2) in seeds. Together with MYB33 and MYB65, promotes the programmed cell death (PCD) leading to vacuolation of protein storage vacuoles (PSVs) in the aleurone layers during seed germination. Maybe involved in the regulation of [...] (490 aa) |
| | EXPA3 | Expansin-A3; Causes loosening and extension of plant cell walls by disrupting non-covalent bonding between cellulose microfibrils and matrix glucans. No enzymatic activity has been found (By similarity). Belongs to the expansin family. Expansin A subfamily. (262 aa) |
| | GRF1 | Growth-regulating factor 1; Transcription activator that plays a role in the regulation of cell expansion in leaf and cotyledons tissues. Component of a network formed by miR396, the GRFs and their interacting factors (GIFs) acting in the regulation of meristem function, at least partially through the control of cell proliferation. microRNA396-GRF1/GRF3 regulatory module acts as a developmental regulator in the reprogramming of root cells during cyst nematode infection, leading to the formation of the syncytium. (530 aa) |
| | BOI | E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase BOI; E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase involved in the regulation of pathogen and abiotic stress responses by facilitating degradation of MYB108/BOI. Attenuates cell death by preventing caspase activation. Has no effect on the stability of the DELLA proteins. Not regulated by MYB108/BOI. (304 aa) |
| | GASA7 | Gibberellin-regulated protein 7; Gibberellin-regulated protein that may function in hormonal controlled steps of development such as seed germination, flowering and seed maturation. (108 aa) |
| | FTSZ2-1 | Cell division protein FtsZ homolog 2-1, chloroplastic; Exhibits GTPase activity. Component of the plastid division machinery that forms a contractile ring at the division site. Required for plastid division in a dose-dependent manner. Belongs to the FtsZ family. (478 aa) |
| | AGL24 | MADS-box protein AGL24; Transcription activator that mediates floral transition in response to vernalization. Promotes inflorescence fate in apical meristems. Acts in a dosage-dependent manner. Probably involved in the transduction of RLK-mediated signaling (e.g. IMK3 pathway). Together with AP1 and SVP, controls the identity of the floral meristem and regulates expression of class B, C and E genes. When associated with SOC1, mediates effect of gibberellins on flowering under short-day conditions, and regulates the expression of LEAFY (LFY), which links floral induction and floral deve [...] (220 aa) |
| | GPA1 | Guanine nucleotide-binding protein alpha-1 subunit; Exhibits a fast rate of basal nucleotide exchange. Guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins) are involved as modulators or transducers in various transmembrane signaling systems. Together with GCR1, may regulate the cell cycle via a signaling cascade that uses phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C (PI-PLC) as an effector and inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP(3)) as a second messenger. Promotes abscisic acid (ABA) responses in guard cells. But, together with GCR1 and GB1, acts as a negative regulator of ABA during seed ge [...] (383 aa) |
| | GL1 | Trichome differentiation protein GL1; Transcription activator, when associated with BHLH2/EGL3/MYC146 or BHLH12/MYC1. Involved in epidermal cell fate specification in leaves. Together with TTG1 and GL3, promotes trichome formation and endoreplication. Regulates the production of a signal that induces hair (trichome) precursor cells on leaf primordia to differentiate. Binds to the WER-binding sites (WBS) promoter regions and activates the transcription of target genes (By similarity). (228 aa) |
| | GASA3 | Gibberellin-regulated protein 3; Gibberellin-regulated protein that may function in hormonal controlled steps of development such as seed germination, flowering and seed maturation; Belongs to the GASA family. (99 aa) |
| | GASA2 | Gibberellin-regulated protein 2; Gibberellin-regulated protein that may function in hormonal controlled steps of development such as seed germination, flowering and seed maturation; Belongs to the GASA family. (99 aa) |
| | GASA1 | Gibberellin-regulated protein 1; Gibberellin-regulated protein that may function in hormonal controlled steps of development such as seed germination, flowering and seed maturation; Belongs to the GASA family. (98 aa) |
| | GASA4 | Gibberellin-regulated protein 4; Gibberellin-regulated protein involved in the regulation of floral meristem and floral organ identity, and promotion of seed size and weight. May play a role in the promotion of gibberellin responses such as regulation of flowering under short-day conditions, seed germination and inhibition of gibberellin oxidase. Possesses redox activity in E.coli and may function in redox regulation in planta. (106 aa) |
| | TOPP4 | Serine/threonine-protein phosphatase PP1 isozyme 4; Serine/threonine-protein phosphatase that possesses phosphatase activity toward para-nitrophenyl phosphate (pNPP) in vitro. Acts as positive regulator in the gibberellin (GA) signaling pathway to regulate plant growth and development. Promotes the GA-induced and proteasomal-dependent degradation of the DELLA proteins RGA and GAI by directly binding and dephosphorylating these proteins. Involved in the regulation of phytochrome B (phyB) signaling pathway that controls photomorphogenesis. Promotes the proteasomal-dependent degradation o [...] (321 aa) |
| | ETR1 | Ethylene receptor 1; Ethylene receptor related to bacterial two-component regulators. Acts as a redundant negative regulator of ethylene signaling. In the presence of ethylene, the auto-kinase activity of ETR1 is inhibited and the non- phosphorylated kinase domain binds tightly to the corresponding domain of EIN2. (738 aa) |
| | PFD3 | Probable prefoldin subunit 3; Binds specifically to cytosolic chaperonin (c-CPN) and transfers target proteins to it. Binds to nascent polypeptide chain and promotes folding in an environment in which there are many competing pathways for nonnative proteins (By similarity); Belongs to the prefoldin subunit alpha family. (195 aa) |
| | PFD5 | Probable prefoldin subunit 5; Binds specifically to cytosolic chaperonin (c-CPN) and transfers target proteins to it. Binds to nascent polypeptide chain and promotes folding in an environment in which there are many competing pathways for nonnative proteins (By similarity); Belongs to the prefoldin subunit alpha family. (151 aa) |
| | ZFP8 | Zinc finger protein 8; Probable transcription factor required for the initiation of inflorescence trichomes in response to gibberellin and cytokinin. Is not involved in the regulation of trichome branching. Is functionally equivalent to GIS2. Acts as negative regulator of abscisic acid (ABA) signaling during germination and early seedling development. (257 aa) |
| | LFY | Protein LEAFY; Probable transcription factor that promotes early floral meristem identity in synergy with APETALA1. Is required subsequently for the transition of an inflorescence meristem into a floral meristem, by an immediate upstream regulation of the ABC classes of floral homeotic genes. Activates directly APETALA1, CAULIFLOWER and AGAMOUS, and indirectly APETALA3 and PISTILLATA with the cooperation of UFO. Belongs to the FLO/LFY family. (420 aa) |
| | CEP5 | C-terminally encoded peptide 5; Extracellular signaling peptide that represses plant growth rate. Regulates shoot gravitropic responses. Represses primary root length and lateral root initiation, probably by repressing the CEP receptor CEPR1. Regulates systemic nitrogen (N)-demand signaling. Mediates up- regulation of genes involved in N uptake and assimilation pathways. (105 aa) |
| | Q1G2Y4_ARATH | Gibberellin-regulated family protein. (90 aa) |
| | Q1PEF0_ARATH | WRKY transcription factor-like protein. (78 aa) |
| | PFD6 | Prefoldin 6. (129 aa) |
| | IQD22 | Calmodulin binding protein IQD22. (484 aa) |
| | GA1 | Ent-copalyl diphosphate synthase, chloroplastic; Catalyzes the conversion of geranylgeranyl diphosphate to the gibberellin precursor ent-copalyl diphosphate. (802 aa) |
| | BFRUCT4 | Acid beta-fructofuranosidase 4, vacuolar; Possible role in the continued mobilization of sucrose to sink organs. Regulates root elongation. (664 aa) |
| | GA3OX1 | Gibberellin 3-beta-dioxygenase 1; Converts the inactive gibberellin (GA) precursors GA9 and GA20 in the bioactives gibberellins GA4 and GA1. Involved in the production of bioactive GA for vegetative growth and development. Belongs to the iron/ascorbate-dependent oxidoreductase family. GA3OX subfamily. (358 aa) |
| | GA20OX1 | Gibberellin 20 oxidase 1; Key oxidase enzyme in the biosynthesis of gibberellin that catalyzes the conversion of GA12 and GA53 to GA9 and GA20 respectively, via a three-step oxidation at C-20 of the GA skeleton. GA53 is less effectively oxidized than GA12, and GA25 is also formed as a minor product. Involved in the promotion of the floral transition, fertility and silique elongation, but plays only a minor role in elongation of seedling organs. Acts redundantly with GA20OX2. Belongs to the iron/ascorbate-dependent oxidoreductase family. GA20OX subfamily. (377 aa) |
| | GA20OX2 | Gibberellin 20 oxidase 2; Key oxidase enzyme in the biosynthesis of gibberellin that catalyzes the conversion of GA12 and GA53 to GA9 and GA20 respectively, via a three-step oxidation at C-20 of the GA skeleton. GA53 is less effectively oxidized than GA12, and GA25 is also formed as a minor product. Involved in the promotion of the floral transition, fertility and silique elongation, but plays only a minor role in elongation of seedling organs. Acts redundantly with GA20OX1. (378 aa) |
| | SRK2I | Serine/threonine-protein kinase SRK2I; Together with SRK2D, key component and activator of the abscisic acid (ABA) signaling pathway that regulates numerous ABA responses, such as seed germination, Pro accumulation, root growth inhibition, dormancy and seedling growth, and, to a lesser extent, stomatal closure. (361 aa) |
| | ZFP5 | Zinc finger protein 5; Probable transcription factor required for the initiation of inflorescence trichomes in response to gibberellin (GA). Acts upstream of GIS, GIS2, ZFP8 and the trichome initiation regulators GL1 and GL3. Binds the promoter region of ZFP8, which may be a direct target of ZPF5. Is not involved in the regulation of trichome branching. Modulates root hair initiation and elongation in response to cytokinin and ethylene signals by directly promoting expression of the CAPRICE (CPC) gene. (211 aa) |
| | ZFP6 | Zinc finger protein 6; Probable transcription factor required for the initiation of inflorescence trichomes in response to gibberellin and cytokinin. Acts upstream of GIS, GIS2, ZFP8, ZFP5 and the trichome initiation regulators GL1 and GL3. Acts as negative regulator of abscisic acid (ABA) signaling during germination and early seedling development. (197 aa) |
| | BFRUCT3 | Acid beta-fructofuranosidase 3, vacuolar; Possible role in the continued mobilization of sucrose to sink organs. (648 aa) |
| | NSFBx | Probable F-box protein At5g04010. (287 aa) |
| | GATA21 | GATA transcription factor 21; Transcriptional regulator that specifically binds 5'-GATA-3' or 5'-GAT-3' motifs within gene promoters. Involved in the modulation of chloroplast development, growth and division in a cytokinin-dependent manner. Repressor of the gibberellic acid (GA) signaling pathway that represses flowering and modulates greening, in a SOC1-dependent manner. Prevents the accumulation of SOC1 during flowering. Promotes chlorophyll biosynthesis throughout the plant, by regulating chlorophyll biosynthetic genes (e.g. HEMA1 and GUN4) and chloroplast localized glutamate synth [...] (398 aa) |
| | F15M7.8 | F-box protein At5g06550. (502 aa) |
| | MDC12.4 | 2-oxoglutarate (2OG) and Fe(II)-dependent oxygenase superfamily protein. (462 aa) |
| | GASA12 | Gibberellin-regulated protein 12; Gibberellin-regulated protein that may function in hormonal controlled steps of development such as seed germination, flowering and seed maturation. (106 aa) |
| | GASA6 | Gibberellin-regulated protein 6; Gibberellin-regulated protein that may function in hormonal controlled steps of development such as seed germination, flowering and seed maturation. (101 aa) |
| | LIP1-2 | Triacylglycerol lipase 1; Triacylglycerol (TAG) lipase active on triolein, trioctanoin, tributyrin and 1,3-Diolein, but not on phospho- and galactolipids. May be involved but dispensable for TAG storage breakdown during seed germination. (393 aa) |
| | BHLH154 | Transcription factor bHLH154; Belongs to the bHLH protein family. (153 aa) |
| | GASA5 | Gibberellin-regulated protein 5; Gibberellin-regulated protein that acts as a negative regulator of gibberellin-induced flowering and stem growth. May inhibit flowering and inflorescence growth via a pathway involving GAI and by enhancing FLC expression and repressing FT and LFY. Acts as a negative regulator in thermotolerance by resogulating both salicylic acid (SA) signaling and heat shock-protein accumulation. Belongs to the GASA family. (97 aa) |
| | ARC5 | Dynamin-like protein ARC5; Probable GTPase component of both plastid and peroxisme division machinery. Required for the last steps of plastid division specifically in mesophyll-cell, when the narrow isthmus breaks, facilitating the separation of the daughter plastids. Necessary for peroxisome activities. Seems to influence stromule (stroma-filled tubular extensions of the plastid envelope membrane) length and frequency. Belongs to the TRAFAC class dynamin-like GTPase superfamily. Dynamin/Fzo/YdjA family. (777 aa) |
| | T2O4.10 | Homeodomain-like superfamily protein. (387 aa) |
| | GIS | Zinc finger protein GIS; Probable transcription factor required for the initiation of inflorescence trichomes in response to gibberellin (GA). Mediates the induction of GL1 expression by GA in inflorescence organs and is antagonized in its action by the DELLA repressor GAI. Acts upstream of the trichome initiation regulators GL1 and GL3, and downstream of the GA signaling repressor SPINDLY (SPY). Does not play a significant role in the cytokinin response. Controls trichome branching through GA signaling. Acts downstream of the key regulator STICHEL (STI) in an endoreduplication- indepe [...] (253 aa) |
| | GASA9 | Gibberellin-regulated protein 9; Gibberellin-regulated protein that may function in hormonal controlled steps of development such as seed germination, flowering and seed maturation. (119 aa) |
| | RGL2 | DELLA protein RGL2; Probable transcriptional regulator that acts as a repressor of the gibberellin (GA) signaling pathway. No effect of the BOI proteins on its stability. Probably acts by participating in large multiprotein complexes that repress transcription of GA-inducible genes. Upon GA application, it is degraded by the proteasome, allowing the GA signaling pathway. Acts as a major GA-response repressor of seed germination, including seed thermoinhibition. Promotes the biosynthesis of abscisic acid (ABA), especially in seed coats to maintain seed dormancy. Delays flowering and adu [...] (547 aa) |
| | PIF1 | Transcription factor PIF1; Transcription activator. Regulates negatively chlorophyll biosynthesis and seed germination in the dark, and lightinduced degradation of PIF1 relieves this negative regulation to promote photomorphogenesis. Binds to the G-box motif (5'-CACGTG-3') found in many light-regulated promoters. Promotes the expression of SOM, and thus modulates responses to abscisic acid (ABA) and gibberellic acid (GA). (478 aa) |
| | NFYC9 | Nuclear transcription factor Y subunit C-9; Stimulates the transcription of various genes by recognizing and binding to a CCAAT motif in promoters (By similarity). Interacts with REF6 to directly regulate SOC1 transcription in response to flowering signals from photoperiod and gibberellic acid pathways. (231 aa) |
| | UBP14 | Ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase 14; Recognizes and hydrolyzes the peptide bond at the C-terminal Gly of ubiquitin. Involved in the processing of poly-ubiquitin precursors as well as that of ubiquitinated proteins. Involved in seed and embryo development. (797 aa) |
| | GRF5-2 | Growth-regulating factor 5; Transcription activator that plays a role in the regulation of cell expansion in leaf and cotyledons tissues. Acts together with GIF1 for the development of appropriate leaf size and shape through the promotion and/or maintenance of cell proliferation activity in leaf primordia; Belongs to the GRF family. (397 aa) |
| | ATHB-23 | Homeobox-leucine zipper protein ATHB-23; Probable transcription factor; Belongs to the HD-ZIP homeobox family. Class I subfamily. (255 aa) |
| | GASA10 | Gibberellin-regulated protein 10; Gibberellin-regulated protein that may function in hormonal controlled steps of development such as seed germination, flowering and seed maturation; Belongs to the GASA family. (89 aa) |
| | AMY1 | Alpha-amylase 1; Possesses alpha-amylase activity in vitro, but seems not required for breakdown of transitory starch in leaves. (423 aa) |
| | MYB33 | Transcription factor MYB33; Transcriptional activator of alpha-amylase expression that binds to 5'-CAACTGTC-3' motif in target gene promoter. Positive regulator of abscisic acid (ABA) responses leading to growth arrest during seed germination. In vegetative tissues, inhibits growth by reducing cell proliferation. Promotes the expression of aleurone-related genes (e.g. CP1, CP, GASA1, BXL1 and BXL2) in seeds. Together with MYB65 and MYB101, promotes the programmed cell death (PCD) the vacuolation of protein storage vacuoles (PSVs) in the aleurone layers during seed germination. Binds to [...] (520 aa) |
| | BHLH137 | Transcription factor bHLH137. (286 aa) |
| | TCP14 | Transcription factor TCP14; Transcription factor involved the regulation of plant development. Together with TCP15, modulates plant stature by promoting cell division in young internodes. Represses cell proliferation in leaf and floral tissues. Together with TCP15, acts downstream of gibberellin (GA), and the stratification pathways that promote seed germination. Involved in the control of cell proliferation at the root apical meristem (RAM) by regulating the activity of CYCB1-1. Involved in the regulation of seed germination. May regulate the activation of embryonic growth potential d [...] (489 aa) |
| | KO | Ent-kaurene oxidase, chloroplastic; Catalyzes three successive oxidations of the 4-methyl group of ent-kaurene giving kaurenoic acid, a key step in gibberellins (GAs) biosynthesis. GAs, which are involved many processes, including stem elongation, play a central role in plant development. (509 aa) |
| | GID1C | Gibberellin receptor GID1C; Functions as soluble gibberellin (GA) receptor. GA is an essential hormone that regulates growth and development in plants. Binds with high affinity the biologically active gibberellin GA4, but has no affinity for the biologically inactive GAs. In response to GA, interacts with specific DELLA proteins, known as repressors of GA- induced growth, and targets them for degradation via proteasome. Seems to be required for GA signaling that controls root growth, seed germination and stem elongation. Partially redundant with GID1A and GID1B; Belongs to the 'GDXG' l [...] (344 aa) |
| | PFD1 | At2g07350/T13E11.12. (128 aa) |
| | SPY | Probable UDP-N-acetylglucosamine--peptide N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase SPINDLY; Probable O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase (OGT) involved in various processes such as gibberellin (GA) signaling pathway and circadian clock. OGTs catalyze the addition of nucleotide- activated sugars directly onto the polypeptide through O-glycosidic linkage with the hydroxyl of serine or threonine. Probably acts by adding O-linked sugars to yet unknown proteins. Acts as a repressor of GA signaling pathway to inhibit hypocotyl elongation. Functions with GIGANTEA (GI) in pathways controlling flow [...] (914 aa) |
| | F11B9.1 | Duplicated homeodomain-like superfamily protein. (263 aa) |
| | RGL1 | DELLA protein RGL1; Probable transcriptional regulator that acts as a repressor of the gibberellin (GA) signaling pathway. No effect of the BOI proteins on its stability. Probably acts by participating in large multiprotein complexes that repress transcription of GA-inducible genes. Has overlapping but distinct roles in GA signaling compared to RGA and GAI. Regulates the floral development. May also participate in seed germination and in ovule and anther development. Its activity is probably regulated by other phytohormones such as auxin and ethylene. (511 aa) |
| | MYB62 | Transcription factor MYB62; Transcription repressor of phosphate (Pi) starvation-induced genes. Regulates negatively Pi starvation responses via the repression of gibberellic acid (GA) biosynthesis and signaling. Modulates root architecture, phosphatase activity, and Pi uptake and accumulation. (286 aa) |
| | GIS3 | Zinc finger protein GIS3; Probable transcription factor required for the initiation of inflorescence trichomes in response to gibberellin and cytokinin. Acts upstream of GIS, GIS2, ZFP8, and the trichome initiation factors GL1 and GL3. Binds the promoter region of GIS and GIS2, which may be direct targets of GIS3. (244 aa) |
| | MIF1 | Mini zinc finger protein 1; Inhibits zinc finger homeodomain (ZHD) transcription factors, such as ZHD5, by interacting with them to prevent both their nuclear localization and their DNA-binding properties. Involved in integrating signals from multiple hormones by preventing the expression of genes involved in gibberellic acid (GA), auxin and brassinosteroid signaling and by promoting the expression of abscisic acid (ABA)-responsive genes. Regulates several development aspects, including photomorphogenesis, apical dominance, longevity, flower morphology and fertility, as well as root an [...] (102 aa) |
| | PRE3 | Transcription factor PRE3; Atypical and probable non DNA-binding bHLH transcription factor required for MONOPTEROS-dependent root initiation in embryo. Promotes the correct definition of the hypophysis cell division plane. Transcriptionally controlled by MONOPTEROS. Moves from its site of synthesis in pro-embryos cells into the hypophysis. Regulates brassinosteroid (BR) signaling by sequestering negative BR signaling components. May function as positive regulator of gibberellin signaling. May play a role in the regulation of light signaling and possibly auxin signaling. (93 aa) |
