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| | CAR3 | Protein C2-DOMAIN ABA-RELATED 3; Stimulates the GTPase/ATPase activities of Obg-like ATPases (By similarity). Mediates the transient calcium-dependent interaction of PYR/PYL/RCAR abscisic acid (ABA) receptors with the plasma membrane and thus regulates ABA sensitivity (By similarity). (168 aa) |
| | GHR1 | LRR receptor-like serine/threonine-protein kinase GHR1; Receptor kinase acting as an early component in abscisic acid (ABA) signaling. Required for darkness, ABA, high CO(2) and hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) induction of S-type anion currents in guard cells leading to stomatal closure, possibly via the phosphorylation and activation of the anion channel SLAC1 and as a scaffolding component. Seems to act in parallel with SRK2E/OST1 in the ABA signaling pathway which regulates stomatal movement. Binds ATP. Involved in the local and/or systemic stomatal responses (e.g. stomatal closure) to [...] (1053 aa) |
| | RAF11 | PAS domain-containing protein tyrosine kinase family protein. (765 aa) |
| | RIC3 | CRIB domain-containing protein RIC3; Functions as downstream effector of Rho-related GTP binding proteins of the 'Rho of Plants' (ROPs) family. Participates in the propagation of ROP GTPase signals in specific cellular responses. Functions as downstream effector of ARAC11/ROP1 to activate calcium signaling that leads to F-actin disassembly associated with exocytosis in the tip of the growing pollen tube. Counteracts the ARAC11/ROP1-RIC4 pathway, which promotes apical F-actin assembly associated with vesicle accumulation, to control actin dynamics and pollen tube apical growth. (220 aa) |
| | LYK3 | LysM domain receptor-like kinase 3; Putative Lysin motif (LysM) receptor kinase that may recognize microbe-derived N-acetylglucosamine (NAG)-containing ligands. Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. Ser/Thr protein kinase family. (651 aa) |
| | F5O11.24 | F-box associated ubiquitination effector family protein. (352 aa) |
| | PTAC12 | Protein PLASTID TRANSCRIPTIONALLY ACTIVE 12, chloroplastic; Involved in plastid gene expression. Required in the nucleus for the initiation of photomorphogenesis mediated by phytochromes (PHYs) (e.g. PHYA and PHYB) by mediating PHYs localization to photobodies, especially in response to red and far-red light, and implicating phytochrome nuclear bodies as sites of proteolysis for PHYs and PIFs proteins (e.g. PIF1 and PIF3). Acts downstream of PHYs and upstream of DET1. (527 aa) |
| | F4J8A2_ARATH | Glycosyltransferase family protein. (273 aa) |
| | CIP1 | COP1-interactive protein 1; Positive regulator of abscisic acid (ABA)-mediated signaling pathways involved in abiotic stress responses (e.g. osmotic stress) and leading to various plant adaptation (e.g. stomata closure). (1586 aa) |
| | CBP60G | Calmodulin-binding protein 60 G; Transcription activator that binds DNA in a sequence-specific manner, 5'-GAAATTTTGG-3', to promote the expression of target genes. Recruited to the promoter of ICS1 and other defense-related genes (e.g. PR1, PR2 and EDS5) in response to both biotic (e.g. Pseudomonas syringae pv. maculicola ES4326, P. syringae pv. tomato DC3000, and microbe- associated molecular patterns (MAMPs) such as flg22) and abiotic stresses (e.g. UV-B, drought and abscisic acid), thus triggering rapid defense responses by stimulating salicylic acid (SA) biosynthesis. Involved in b [...] (563 aa) |
| | RAF10 | PAS domain-containing protein tyrosine kinase family protein. (831 aa) |
| | GCR1 | G-protein coupled receptor 1; Together with GPA1, may regulate the cell cycle via a signaling cascade that uses phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C (PI-PLC) as an effector and inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate(IP(3)) as a second messenger. Acts as a negative regulator of GPA1-mediated abscisic acid (ABA) responses in guard cells, and together with GPA1 and GB1 during seed germination and early seedling development. Promotes PI-PLC activity and IP(3) accumulation. Involved in the blue light (BL) signaling. Together with GPA1 and ADT3, required for BL- mediated synthesis of phenylpy [...] (326 aa) |
| | MYB73 | Transcription factor MYB73; Transcription factor that functions in salt stress response. Acts as negative regulator of NHX7/SOS1 and CBL4/SOS3 induction in response to salt stress. In response to auxin, activates the transcription of the auxin-responsive gene IAA19. The IAA19 transcription activation by MYB73 is enhanced by direct interaction between MYB73 and PYL8. (320 aa) |
| | RACK1A | Receptor for activated C kinase 1A; Major component of the RACK1 regulatory proteins that play a role in multiple signal transduction pathways. Involved in multiple hormone responses and developmental processes. MAPK cascade scaffolding protein involved in the protease IV and ArgC signaling pathway but not the flg22 pathway. Belongs to the WD repeat G protein beta family. Ribosomal protein RACK1 subfamily. (327 aa) |
| | CAR8 | Protein C2-DOMAIN ABA-RELATED 8; Stimulates the GTPase/ATPase activities of Obg-like ATPases (By similarity). Mediates the transient calcium-dependent interaction of PYR/PYL/RCAR abscisic acid (ABA) receptors with the plasma membrane and thus regulates ABA sensitivity (By similarity). (165 aa) |
| | MYB101 | Transcription factor MYB101; Transcription activator. Binds to 5'-CAACTGTC-3' and/or 5'-TAACAAA-3' motif in target gene promoter (e.g. alpha-amylase) to promote their expression. Positive regulator of abscisic acid (ABA) responses leading to growth arrest during seed germination. Promotes the expression of aleurone-related genes (e.g. CP1, CP, GASA1, BXL1 and BXL2) in seeds. Together with MYB33 and MYB65, promotes the programmed cell death (PCD) leading to vacuolation of protein storage vacuoles (PSVs) in the aleurone layers during seed germination. Maybe involved in the regulation of [...] (490 aa) |
| | GPA1 | Guanine nucleotide-binding protein alpha-1 subunit; Exhibits a fast rate of basal nucleotide exchange. Guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins) are involved as modulators or transducers in various transmembrane signaling systems. Together with GCR1, may regulate the cell cycle via a signaling cascade that uses phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C (PI-PLC) as an effector and inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP(3)) as a second messenger. Promotes abscisic acid (ABA) responses in guard cells. But, together with GCR1 and GB1, acts as a negative regulator of ABA during seed ge [...] (383 aa) |
| | PBL7 | Probable serine/threonine-protein kinase PBL7; Serine/threonine-protein kinase involved in the positive regulation of brassinosteroid (BR) signaling and plant growth. Phosphorylates both BSU1 and BSL1 in vitro. (378 aa) |
| | PBL27 | Serine/threonine-protein kinase PBL27; Receptor-like cytoplasmic kinase involved in the transduction of signal between the host cell surface chitin receptor complex CERK1- LYK5 and the intracellular MAPKKK5-dependent mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade that leads to chitin-induced immunity. Phosphorylates and activates MAPKKK5 when phosphorylated by CERK1 after elicitation by chitin. (513 aa) |
| | MYB96 | Transcription factor MYB96; Transcription activator involved in the activation of cuticular wax biosynthesis under drought stress. Binds directly to DNA consensus sequences found in the promoters of genes encoding very-long- chain fatty acid-condensing enzymes involved in cuticular wax biosynthesis. Functions together with MYB94 in the activation of cuticular wax biosynthesis. Involved in drought stress response through abscisic acid (ABA) signaling. Mediates ABA signals that enhance plant resistance to drought by reducing stomatal opening. Mediates ABA-auxin cross-talk to regulate lat [...] (352 aa) |
| | PP2AA1 | Serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A 65 kDa regulatory subunit A alpha isoform; The A subunit of protein phosphatase 2A serves as a scaffolding molecule to coordinate the assembly of the catalytic subunit and a variable regulatory B subunit. Seems to act as a positive regulator of PP2A catalytic activity. Confers resistance to phosphatase inhibitors such as okadaic acid and cantharidin. Involved during developmental process such as seedling and floral developments, root gravitropism, and stomatal opening regulation. Involved in the regulation of auxin efflux, especially during basip [...] (588 aa) |
| | CPK4 | Calcium-dependent protein kinase 4; May play a role in signal transduction pathways that involve calcium as a second messenger. Functions as regulator of the calcium- mediated abscisic acid (ABA) signaling pathway. Phosphorylates ABA- responsive transcription factors ABF1 and ABF4 in vitro. Phosphorylates the nuclear zinc finger Di19 in vitro. (501 aa) |
| | PLDALPHA1 | Phospholipase D alpha 1; Hydrolyzes glycerol-phospholipids at the terminal phosphodiesteric bond to generate phosphatidic acids (PA). Plays an important role in various cellular processes, including phytohormone action and response to stress, characterized by acidification of the cell. Involved in wound induction of jasmonic acid. May be involved in membrane lipid remodeling. Probably involved in freezing tolerance by modulating the cold-responsive genes and accumulation of osmolytes. Can use phosphatidylcholine (PC), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) and phosphatidylglycerol (PG) as subst [...] (810 aa) |
| | KIN10 | SNF1-related protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha KIN10; Catalytic subunit of the probable trimeric SNF1-related protein kinase (SnRK) complex, a central regulator of cellular energy homeostasis, which, in response to seemingly unrelated darkness, sugar and stress conditions, activates energy-producing pathways and inhibits energy-consuming processes. May play a role in a signal transduction cascade regulating gene expression and carbohydrate metabolism in higher plants. The SnRK complex may also be involved in the regulation of fatty acid synthesis by phosphorylation of acetyl-CoA c [...] (512 aa) |
| | CPK11 | Calcium-dependent protein kinase 11; May play a role in signal transduction pathways that involve calcium as a second messenger. Functions as regulator of the calcium- mediated abscisic acid (ABA) signaling pathway. Phosphorylates ABA- responsive transcription factors ABF1 and ABF4 in vitro. Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. Ser/Thr protein kinase family. CDPK subfamily. (495 aa) |
| | PED1 | 3-ketoacyl-CoA thiolase 2, peroxisomal; Involved in long chain fatty-acid beta-oxidation prior to gluconeogenesis during germination and subsequent seedling growth. Confers sensitivity to 2,4-dichlorophenoxybutiric acid (2,4-DB). Required for local and systemic induction of jasmonic acid (JA) biosynthesis after wounding. Seems to be involved in JA biosynthesis during senescence. (462 aa) |
| | BSK12 | Probable inactive receptor-like kinase BSK12; Probable inactive protein kinase that activates the YODA MAP kinase cascade, which regulates the asymmetric first division and embryo polarity, by promoting the elongation of the zygote and the development of its basal daughter cell into the extra-embryonic suspensor. Acts as an adapter at the plasma membrane, possibly by recruiting and binding an activator. (465 aa) |
| | HDA15 | Histone deacetylase 15; Responsible for the deacetylation of lysine residues on the N-terminal part of the core histones (H2A, H2B, H3 and H4). Histone deacetylation gives a tag for epigenetic repression and plays an important role in transcriptional regulation, cell cycle progression and developmental events. Histone deacetylases act via the formation of large multiprotein complexes (By similarity). (552 aa) |
| | MMS21 | E3 SUMO-protein ligase MMS21; E3 SUMO-protein ligase that modulates cell cycle progression and functions as a repressor of endocycle onset in meristems. May function downstream of the meristem patterning transcription factors PLETHORA 1 and 2 (PLT1 and PLT2) in root meristem development. Modulates the expression of the mitotic cyclins CYCB1-1 and CYCB1-2 and cyclin-dependent kinases CDKB1-1 and CDKB2-1 in root meristem. Involved in cytokinin signaling in root development. Belongs to the NSE2 family. (249 aa) |
| | RGLG5 | E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase RGLG5; Together with RGLG1, mediates the ubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation of the target protein PP2CA. Functions as positive regulator of abscisic acid (ABA) signaling through ABA-dependent degradation of PP2CA, a major inhibitor of ABA signaling. (433 aa) |
| | F15H18.5 | Transmembrane Fragile-X-F-associated protein. (467 aa) |
| | TAP46 | PP2A regulatory subunit TAP46; Involved in the positive regulation of the TOR signaling pathway. Acts as a negative regulator of PP2A catalytic activity. Plays a positive role in the ABA-regulated inhibition of germination, probably throught its interaction with ABI5. Belongs to the IGBP1/TAP42 family. (405 aa) |
| | BRN1 | RNA-binding protein BRN1; RNA-binding protein involved in the regulation of flowering time. Acts as repressor of the activity of SOC1, a transcriptional activator of flowering time. Binds to the 3'-UTR of SOC1 mRNA in the cytoplasm and participates in SOC1 mRNA decay, mediated by the distal region of the SOC1 3'-UTR. Acts as positive regulator of salicylic acid (SA)-mediated immunity. May act on SA signaling- related genes at a post-transcriptional level. (441 aa) |
| | YAK1 | Dual specificity protein kinase YAK1 homolog; Dual specificity protein kinase that phosphorylates ANN1, ANN2 and CP29B at serine and threonine residues, and ANN1, ANN2 and ANN4 at tyrosine residues. May regulate the phosphorylation status of annexin proteins. Acts as positive regulator in abscisic acid (ABA)-mediated regulation of postgermination growth and drought response. May regulate the expression of ABA-responsive genes such as RD22, RD29A, LTI65/RD29B and RAB18. (956 aa) |
| | MYB33 | Transcription factor MYB33; Transcriptional activator of alpha-amylase expression that binds to 5'-CAACTGTC-3' motif in target gene promoter. Positive regulator of abscisic acid (ABA) responses leading to growth arrest during seed germination. In vegetative tissues, inhibits growth by reducing cell proliferation. Promotes the expression of aleurone-related genes (e.g. CP1, CP, GASA1, BXL1 and BXL2) in seeds. Together with MYB65 and MYB101, promotes the programmed cell death (PCD) the vacuolation of protein storage vacuoles (PSVs) in the aleurone layers during seed germination. Binds to [...] (520 aa) |
| | SEH1 | Protein SEH1; Required for proper export of mRNAs from the nucleus to the cytoplasm; Belongs to the WD repeat SEC13 family. (326 aa) |
| | F4N2.12 | Protein BIG GRAIN 1-like E; Involved in auxin transport. Regulator of the auxin signaling pathway; Belongs to the BIG GRAIN 1 (BG1) plant protein family. (321 aa) |
| | AIRP1 | E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase AIRP1; Possesses E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase activity in vitro when associated with the E2 enzyme UBC8 in vitro. Plays combinatory roles with AIRP2 in the positive regulation of the abscisic acid-mediated drought stress response. (153 aa) |
| | GID1C | Gibberellin receptor GID1C; Functions as soluble gibberellin (GA) receptor. GA is an essential hormone that regulates growth and development in plants. Binds with high affinity the biologically active gibberellin GA4, but has no affinity for the biologically inactive GAs. In response to GA, interacts with specific DELLA proteins, known as repressors of GA- induced growth, and targets them for degradation via proteasome. Seems to be required for GA signaling that controls root growth, seed germination and stem elongation. Partially redundant with GID1A and GID1B; Belongs to the 'GDXG' l [...] (344 aa) |
| | SRK2E | Serine/threonine-protein kinase SRK2E; Activator of the abscisic acid (ABA) signaling pathway that regulates numerous ABA responses, such as stomata closure in response to drought, darkness, high CO(2), plant pathogens, or decreases in atmospheric relative humidity (RH). Involved in the resistance to drought by avoiding water loss. Required for the stomata closure mediated by pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMPs) (e.g. flg22 and LPS) of pathogenic bacteria such as P.syringae pv. tomato (Pst) and E.coli O157:H7. As a plant defense process, stomata are closed transiently in order [...] (362 aa) |
| | F10M10.12-2 | Receptor protein kinase-like protein At4g34220; Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. (757 aa) |
| | RACK1B | Receptor for activated C kinase 1B; Minor component of the RACK1 regulatory proteins that play a role in multiple signal transduction pathways. Involved in multiple hormone responses and developmental processes. MAPK cascade scaffolding protein involved in the protease IV and ArgC signaling pathway but not the flg22 pathway. Belongs to the WD repeat G protein beta family. Ribosomal protein RACK1 subfamily. (326 aa) |
| | PLDDELTA | Phospholipase D delta; Hydrolyzes glycerol-phospholipids at the terminal phosphodiesteric bond to generate phosphatidic acids (PA). May be involved in PA accumulation in the dehydration stress response and in the transduction of hormonal and environmental signals to the microtubules cytoskeleton. Prefers phosphatidylethanolamine to phosphatidylcholine as substrate. Involved in H(2)O(2) and abscisic acid (ABA)-induced stomatal closure. Involved in nitric oxide (NO) signaling during stomatal closure. Plays a positive role in ABA-promoted senescence. Involved in basal defense and nonhost [...] (868 aa) |
| | CAR2 | Protein C2-DOMAIN ABA-RELATED 2; Stimulates the GTPase/ATPase activities of Obg-like ATPases (By similarity). Mediates the transient calcium-dependent interaction of PYR/PYL/RCAR abscisic acid (ABA) receptors with the plasma membrane and thus regulates ABA sensitivity (By similarity). (174 aa) |
| | SCL28-2 | Scarecrow-like protein 28; Probable transcription factor involved in plant development. Belongs to the GRAS family. (658 aa) |
| | MYB44 | Transcription factor MYB44; Transcription factor. Represses the expression of protein phosphatases 2C in response to abscisic acid (ABA). Confers resistance to abiotic stresses dependent of ABA. In response to auxin, activates the transcription of the auxin-responsive gene IAA19. The IAA19 transcription activation by MYB44 is enhanced by direct interaction between MYB44 and PYL8. Transcriptional activator of WRKY70 by direct binding to its promoter region, especially at 5'-TAACNG-3' and 5'-CNGTTA-3' symmetric motifs. Activates salicylic acid (SA)- mediated defenses and subsequent resis [...] (305 aa) |
| | EXO70B1 | Exocyst complex component EXO70B1; Component of an exocyst subcomplex specifically involved in autophagy-related, Golgi-independent membrane traffic to the vacuole. Regulates autophagosome formation and autophagy-related Golgi- independent import into the vacuole. Positive regulator of both abscisic acid (ABA)-promoted and mannitol (drought)-promoted stomatal closure. (624 aa) |
| | PYL8 | Abscisic acid receptor PYL8; Receptor for abscisic acid (ABA) required for ABA-mediated responses such as stomatal closure and germination inhibition. Inhibits the activity of group-A protein phosphatases type 2C (PP2Cs) in an ABA- independent manner but more efficiently when activated by ABA. Confers enhanced sensitivity to ABA. Can be activated by both (-)-ABA and (+)-ABA. Mediates crosstalk between ABA and auxin signaling to regulate lateral root growth. Required for lateral root growth suppression by ABA. In response to auxin, promotes lateral root growth by enhancing MYB77- depend [...] (188 aa) |
| | CAR1 | Protein C2-DOMAIN ABA-RELATED 1; Stimulates the GTPase/ATPase activities of Obg-like ATPases (By similarity). Mediates the transient calcium-dependent interaction of PYR/PYL/RCAR abscisic acid (ABA) receptors with the plasma membrane and thus regulates ABA sensitivity. Binds liposomes in the absence of exogenous Ca(2+), but this activity is enhanced in the presence of Ca(2+) and generates membrane curvature (By similarity). (168 aa) |
| | CAR11 | Protein C2-DOMAIN ABA-RELATED 11, N-terminally processed; Stimulates the GTPase/ATPase activities of Obg-like ATPases (By similarity). Mediates the transient calcium-dependent interaction of PYR/PYL/RCAR abscisic acid (ABA) receptors with the plasma membrane and thus regulates ABA sensitivity (By similarity). (166 aa) |
| | TOR | Serine/threonine-protein kinase TOR; Essential cell growth regulator that controls development from early embryo to seed production. Controls plant growth in environmental stress conditions. Acts through the phosphorylation of downstream effectors that are recruited by the binding partner RAPTOR. Acts by activating transcription, protein synthesis and ribosome biogenesis, and inhibiting mRNA degradation and autophagy. Can phosphorylate TAP46, a regulatory subunit of protein phosphatase 2A that modulates cell growth and survival. Involved in modulating the transition from heterotrophic [...] (2481 aa) |
| | DHAR2 | Glutathione S-transferase DHAR2; Displays a dual function. As a soluble protein, exhibits glutathione-dependent thiol transferase and dehydroascorbate (DHA) reductase activities. Exhibits glutathione-dependent thiol transferase and dehydroascorbate (DHA) reductase activities. Key component of the ascorbate recycling system. Involved in the redox homeostasis, especially in scavenging of ROS under oxidative stresses. Plays a role in ozone tolerance; Belongs to the GST superfamily. DHAR family. (213 aa) |
| | DHAR1 | Glutathione S-transferase DHAR1, mitochondrial; Displays a dual function. As a soluble protein, exhibits glutathione-dependent thiol transferase and dehydroascorbate (DHA) reductase activities. Key component of the ascorbate recycling system. Involved in the redox homeostasis, especially in scavenging of ROS under oxidative stresses, subsequently to biotic or abiotic inducers. As a peripheral membrane protein, could also function as voltage-gated ion channel. Belongs to the GST superfamily. DHAR family. (213 aa) |
| | CRK2-2 | CDPK-related kinase 2; May play a role in signal transduction pathways that involve calcium as a second messenger; Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. Ser/Thr protein kinase family. CDPK subfamily. (599 aa) |
| | AIP1 | Protein phosphatase 2C 3; Involved in the negative regulation of the K(+) potassium channel AKT1 by its dephosphorylation, antagonistically to CIPK proteins (e.g. CIPK23). Functions as positive regulator of abscisic acid-mediated cell signaling during seedling growth. Involved in the regulation of seed dormancy. Acts as negative regulator of seed dormancy by inhibiting abscisic signaling and subsequently activating gibberellic acid signaling ; Belongs to the PP2C family. (442 aa) |
| | CAR5 | Protein C2-DOMAIN ABA-RELATED 5; Stimulates the GTPase/ATPase activities of Obg-like ATPases (By similarity). Mediates the transient calcium-dependent interaction of PYR/PYL/RCAR abscisic acid (ABA) receptors with the plasma membrane and thus regulates ABA sensitivity. (200 aa) |
| | GAI | DELLA protein GAI; Transcriptional regulator that acts as a repressor of the gibberellin (GA) signaling pathway. Transcription coactivator of the zinc finger transcription factors GAF1/IDD2 and ENY/IDD1 in regulation of gibberellin homeostasis and signaling. No effect of the BOI proteins on its stability. Probably acts by participating in large multiprotein complexes that repress transcription of GA-inducible genes. Positively regulates XERICO expression. In contrast to RGA, it is less sensitive to GA. Its activity is probably regulated by other phytohormones such as auxin and ethylene [...] (533 aa) |
| | BSU1 | Serine/threonine-protein phosphatase BSU1; Phosphatase that acts as a positive regulator of brassinosteroid (BR) signaling. Dephosphorylates BES1, a transcription factor that regulates the expression of BR-response genes, thereby playing an important role in the regulation of response to BRs. Inactivates the negative regulator of BR signaling ASK7/BIN2 by dephosphorylation at 'Tyr-200'. (793 aa) |
| | NAC096 | NAC domain-containing protein 96; Transcriptional activator involved in the positive regulation of abscisic acid (ABA) responsive genes. Acts as a positive factor of ABA-mediated responses. Involved in the transcriptional activation of ABA-inducible genes in response to dehydration and osmotic stresses. Plays a positive role in both stomatal closure and water loss under dehydration stress conditions. Acts synergistically with ABF2 to activate the dehydration stress-response factor RD29A transcription. Binds to the consensus core cis-acting elements 5'-CGTA-3' and 5'-CACG- 3' at the RD2 [...] (292 aa) |
| | CDG1 | Serine/threonine-protein kinase CDG1; Serine/threonine-protein kinase involved in the positive regulation of brassinosteroid (BR) signaling and plant growth. Mediates BR signal transduction from BRI1 receptor kinase to BSU1 phosphatase. After activation by phosphorylation at Ser-234 by BRI1, CDG1 phosphorylates BSU1 at 'Ser-764' in the phosphatase domain, increasing the ability of BSU1 to inactivate the negative regulator of BR signaling ASK7/BIN2 by dephosphorylation at 'Tyr-200'. The full kinase activity of CDG1 is required for its biological function. (432 aa) |
| | ERF096 | Ethylene-responsive transcription factor ERF096; Probably acts as a transcriptional activator. Binds to the GCC-box pathogenesis-related promoter element. May be involved in the regulation of gene expression by stress factors and by components of stress signal transduction pathways (By similarity); Belongs to the AP2/ERF transcription factor family. ERF subfamily. (131 aa) |
| | CARK1 | Receptor-like cytoplasmic kinase 1; Receptor-like cytoplasmic kinase (RLCK) that triggers abscisic acid (ABA) signaling by phosphorylating and activating ABA receptors (e.g. PYL8/RCAR3 and PYR1/RCAR11), which in turn repress ABI1, a negative regulator of ABA responses. Promotes drought tolerance ; Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. Ser/Thr protein kinase family. (364 aa) |
| | RACK1C | Receptor for activated C kinase 1C; Minor component of the RACK1 regulatory proteins that play a role in multiple signal transduction pathways. Involved in multiple hormone responses and developmental processes. MAPK cascade scaffolding protein involved in the protease IV and ArgC signaling pathway but not the flg22 pathway. Belongs to the WD repeat G protein beta family. Ribosomal protein RACK1 subfamily. (326 aa) |
| | CAR4 | Protein C2-DOMAIN ABA-RELATED 4; Mediates the transient calcium-dependent interaction of PYR/PYL/RCAR abscisic acid (ABA) receptors with the plasma membrane and thus regulates ABA sensitivity. Stimulates the GTPase/ATPase activities of YchF1, and regulates its subcellular localization. Promotes tolerance towards salinity stress by limiting the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Promotes resistance to bacterial pathogens (e.g. Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae and P. syringae pv. tomato DC3000) (By similarity). Binds liposomes in the absence of exogenous Ca(2+), but this activit [...] (177 aa) |
| | MDC16.10 | Protein BIG GRAIN 1-like A; Involved in auxin transport. Regulator of the auxin signaling pathway; Belongs to the BIG GRAIN 1 (BG1) plant protein family. (357 aa) |
| | FUS3 | B3 domain-containing transcription factor FUS3; Transcription regulator involved in gene regulation during late embryogenesis. Its expression to the epidermis is sufficient to control foliar organ identity by regulating positively the synthesis abscisic acid (ABA) and negatively gibberellin production. Negatively regulates TTG1 in the embryo. Positively regulates the abundance of the ABI3 protein in the seed. Cooperates with KIN10 to regulate developmental phase transitions and lateral organ development and act both as positive regulators of abscisic acid (ABA) signaling during germination. (313 aa) |
| | WRKY70 | Probable WRKY transcription factor 70; Transcription factor involved in senescence, biotic and abiotic stress responses by modulating various phytohormones signaling pathways. Interacts specifically with the W box (5'- (T)TGAC[CT]-3'), a frequently occurring elicitor-responsive cis-acting element (By similarity). Binds to the 5'-[CT]GACTTTT-3' motif in promoters of target genes to induce their expression. Plays an important but not indispensable role in jasmonate and salicylic acid signaling. Regulates positively the salicylic acid (SA)-mediated signal pathway, but negatively the jasmo [...] (294 aa) |
| | GID1B | Gibberellin receptor GID1B; Functions as soluble gibberellin (GA) receptor. GA is an essential hormone that regulates growth and development in plants. Binds with high affinity the biologically active gibberellin GA4, but has no affinity for the biologically inactive GAs. In response to GA, interacts with specific DELLA proteins, known as repressors of GA- induced growth, and targets them for degradation via proteasome. Seems to be required for GA signaling that controls root growth, seed germination and flower development. May function as a dominant GA receptor at low GA concentration [...] (358 aa) |
| | F14F18.220 | Protein BIG GRAIN 1-like D; Involved in auxin transport. Regulator of the auxin signaling pathway; Belongs to the BIG GRAIN 1 (BG1) plant protein family. (362 aa) |
| | AIRP2 | E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase AIRP2; Possesses E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase activity in vitro when associated with the E2 enzyme UBC8 in vitro. Plays combinatory roles with AIRP1 in the positive regulation of the abscisic acid-mediated drought stress response. Plays a positive role in abscisic acid- and high salinity-regulated seed germination through the ubiquitin-proteasome- dependent down-regulation of ATP1/SDIRIP1. (242 aa) |
| | T21C14.20 | Protein BIG GRAIN 1-like C; Involved in auxin transport. Regulator of the auxin signaling pathway; Belongs to the BIG GRAIN 1 (BG1) plant protein family. (341 aa) |
| | SDIR1 | E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase SDIR1; E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that acts as a positive regulator of abscisic acid-related stress signal transduction. Interacts with and ubiquitinates ATP1/SDIRIP1 to modulate ATP1/SDIRIP1 stability through the 26S proteasome pathway. Regulates abscisic acid (ABA) and salt stress responses by negatively affecting ATP1/SDIRIP1 stability. The SDIR1-ATP1/SDIRIP1 complex plays an important role in ABA signaling through the ubiquitination pathway. (273 aa) |
| | GID1A | Gibberellin receptor GID1A; Functions as soluble gibberellin (GA) receptor. GA is an essential hormone that regulates growth and development in plants. Binds with high affinity the biologically active gibberellin GA4, but has no affinity for the biologically inactive GAs. In response to GA, interacts with specific DELLA proteins, known as repressors of GA- induced growth, and targets them for degradation via proteasome. Seems to be required for GA signaling that controls root growth, seed germination, stem elongation and flower development. Partially redundant with GID1B and GID1C; Bel [...] (345 aa) |
| | TTL1 | TPR repeat-containing thioredoxin TTL1; Involved in responses to osmotic stress and abscisic acid (ABA). May act as a positive regulator of ABA signaling during germination and seedling development under stress. (699 aa) |
| | PAD4 | Lipase-like PAD4; Probable lipase required downstream of MPK4 for accumulation of the plant defense-potentiating molecule, salicylic acid, thus contributing to the plant innate immunity against invasive biotrophic pathogens and to defense mechanisms upon recognition of microbe- associated molecular patterns (MAMPs). Participates in the regulation of various molecular and physiological processes that influence fitness. Together with SG101, required for programmed cell death (PCD) triggered by NBS-LRR resistance proteins (e.g. RPS4, RPW8.1 and RPW8.2) in response to the fungal toxin fumo [...] (541 aa) |
| | CAR6 | Protein C2-DOMAIN ABA-RELATED 6; Stimulates the GTPase/ATPase activities of Obg-like ATPases (By similarity). Mediates the transient calcium-dependent interaction of PYR/PYL/RCAR abscisic acid (ABA) receptors with the plasma membrane and thus regulates ABA sensitivity (By similarity). Prevents hypocotyl bending as well as gravitropic response under blue light conditions ; Belongs to the plant CAR protein family. (174 aa) |
| | CAR9 | Protein C2-DOMAIN ABA-RELATED 9; Stimulates the GTPase/ATPase activities of Obg-like ATPases (By similarity). Mediates the transient calcium-dependent interaction of PYR/PYL/RCAR abscisic acid (ABA) receptors with the plasma membrane and thus regulates ABA sensitivity. Belongs to the plant CAR protein family. (185 aa) |
| | EIN2 | Ethylene-insensitive protein 2; Central factor in signaling pathways regulated by ethylene (ET), and involved in various processes including development, plant defense, senescence, nucleotide sugar flux, and tropisms. Necessary for ethylene-mediated gene regulation, and for the induction of some genes by ozone. Acts downstream of ET receptors, and upstream of ethylene regulated transcription factors. Required for cytokinin-mediated processes. Seems to be implicated in cross-talk between ET, jasmonate and other pathways. Probably not involved in iron uptake. Has a short half-life and un [...] (1294 aa) |
| | NAC062 | NAC domain-containing protein 62; Transcriptional activator activated by proteolytic cleavage through regulated intramembrane proteolysis (RIP). Transcriptional activator involved in response to cold stress. Mediates induction of pathogenesis-related (PR) genes independently of salicylic signaling in response to cold. Binds directly to the PR gene promoters and enhances plant resistance to pathogen infection, incorporating cold signals into pathogen resistance responses. Plays a regulatory role in abscisic acid (ABA)-mediated drought-resistance response. (469 aa) |
| | BGLU18 | Beta-D-glucopyranosyl abscisate beta-glucosidase; Hydrolyzes abscisic acid glucose ester (ABA-GE) which represents the predominant form of conjugated ABA (biologically inactive). No activity with beta-D-glucopyranosyl zeatin. The hydrolysis of ABA-GE in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) forms free ABA and contributes to increase its cellular levels under dehydration conditions. ABA-GE hydrolyzing activity is enhanced by dehydration stress-induced polymerization into higher molecular weight forms. The ABA produced by BGLU18 contributes to the initiation of intracellular signaling as well a [...] (528 aa) |
| | NUDT6 | Nudix hydrolase 6; Probably mediates the hydrolysis of some nucleoside diphosphate derivatives. In vitro, it can use both NADH and ADP-ribose as substrates; however the relevance of such substrates in vivo is unclear. (283 aa) |
| | F20D21.2 | Protein BIG GRAIN 1-like B; Involved in auxin transport. Regulator of the auxin signaling pathway; Belongs to the BIG GRAIN 1 (BG1) plant protein family. (366 aa) |
| | SUV3 | DExH-box ATP-dependent RNA helicase DExH16, mitochondrial; Major helicase player in mitochondrial RNA metabolism. Component of the mitochondrial degradosome (mtEXO) complex, that degrades 3' overhang double-stranded RNA with a 3'-to-5' directionality in an ATP-dependent manner. ATPase and ATP-dependent multisubstrate helicase, able to unwind double-stranded (ds) DNA and RNA, and RNA/DNA heteroduplexes in the 5'-to-3' direction. Plays a role in the RNA surveillance system in mitochondria; regulates the stability of mature mRNAs, the removal of aberrantly formed mRNAs and the rapid degra [...] (571 aa) |
| | MYB77 | Transcription factor MYB77; Transcription factor involved in auxin response. Functions in auxin signal transduction and modulates lateral root growth. Interacts with ARF response factors to promote auxin-responsive gene expression. In response to auxin, binds sequence-specific motifs in the promoter of the auxin-responsive gene IAA19, and activates IAA19 transcription. The IAA19 transcription activation by MYB77 is enhanced by direct interaction between MYB77 and PYL8. (301 aa) |
| | KIB4 | F-box protein KIB4; Component of SCF(ASK-cullin-F-box) E3 ubiquitin ligase complexes, which may mediate the ubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation of target proteins. Required for brassinosteroid (BR) signal transduction. Mediates ASK7/BIN2/SK21 inactivation both by competing with substrate binding (e.g. BZR1) and by promoting its ubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation. (393 aa) |
| | RGLG1 | E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase RGLG1; E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that mediates the formation of 'Lys-63'-linked ubiquitin chains. Regulates apical dominance by acting on the auxin transport proteins abundance. Together with RGLG5, mediates the ubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation of the target protein PP2CA. Functions as positive regulator of abscisic acid (ABA) signaling through ABA-dependent degradation of PP2CA, a major inhibitor of ABA signaling. Acts as a negative regulator of drought stress response. (489 aa) |
| | CAR7 | Protein C2-DOMAIN ABA-RELATED 7; Stimulates the GTPase/ATPase activities of Obg-like ATPases (By similarity). Mediates the transient calcium-dependent interaction of PYR/PYL/RCAR abscisic acid (ABA) receptors with the plasma membrane and thus regulates ABA sensitivity (By similarity). (165 aa) |
| | KIB2 | F-box protein KIB2; Component of SCF(ASK-cullin-F-box) E3 ubiquitin ligase complexes, which may mediate the ubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation of target proteins. Required for brassinosteroid (BR) signal transduction. Mediates ASK7/BIN2/SK21 inactivation both by competing with substrate binding (e.g. BZR1) and by promoting its ubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation. (442 aa) |
| | KIB1 | F-box/kelch-repeat protein KIB1; Component of SCF(ASK-cullin-F-box) E3 ubiquitin ligase complexes, which may mediate the ubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation of target proteins. Required for brassinosteroid (BR) signal transduction. Mediates ASK7/BIN2/SK21 inactivation both by competing with substrate binding (e.g. BZR1) and by promoting its ubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation. (382 aa) |
| | RHA2A | E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase RHA2A; E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase involved in the positive regulation of abscisic acid (ABA) signaling and responses to salt and osmotic stresses during seed germination and early seedling development. Acts additively with RHA2B in regulating ABA signaling and drought response. Possesses E3 ubiquitin ligase activity in vitro. (155 aa) |
| | RHA2B | E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase RHA2B; E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase involved in the positive regulation of abscisic acid (ABA) signaling and responses to salt and osmotic stresses during seed germination and early seedling development. Acts additively with RHA2A in regulating ABA signaling and drought response. Possesses E3 ubiquitin ligase activity in vitro. (147 aa) |
| | CAR10 | Protein C2-DOMAIN ABA-RELATED 10; Stimulates the GTPase/ATPase activities of Obg-like ATPases (By similarity). Mediates the transient calcium-dependent interaction of PYR/PYL/RCAR abscisic acid (ABA) receptors with the plasma membrane and thus regulates ABA sensitivity (By similarity). (180 aa) |
| | MAPKKK18 | Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 18; Component of the abscisic acid (ABA) signaling pathway that acts as ABA signal transducer in the context of abiotic stresses. Triggers MPK1, MPK2, MPK7 and MPK14 activation in a MKK3-dependent manner and MPK6 activation in a MKK3-independent manner. Mediates the ABA-dependent activation of the MKK3-MPK7 module. Positive regulator of ABA responses leading to the induction of gene expression (e.g. RD29B and RAB18) and involved in various responses including stomatal development, stomatal movement, inhibition of germination and root growt [...] (339 aa) |
| | KIB3 | F-box protein KIB3; Component of SCF(ASK-cullin-F-box) E3 ubiquitin ligase complexes, which may mediate the ubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation of target proteins. Required for brassinosteroid (BR) signal transduction. Mediates ASK7/BIN2/SK21 inactivation both by competing with substrate binding (e.g. BZR1) and by promoting its ubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation. (450 aa) |
| | MGP | Zinc finger protein MAGPIE; Transcription factor that regulates tissue boundaries and asymmetric cell division. Contributes to the sequestration of 'SHORT-ROOT' to the nucleus. Interacts with the SCR and MGP promoters. Does not show transcription activity by itself, but regulates the transcription of downstream genes through interaction with other transcription factors. Binds DNA via its zinc fingers. Recognizes and binds to SCL3 promoter sequence 5'-AGACAA-3' to promotes its expression when in complex with RGA. Positively involved in gibberellic acid (GA) signaling. (506 aa) |
