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AIL7 | AP2-like ethylene-responsive transcription factor AIL7; Probably acts as a transcriptional activator. Binds to the GCC-box pathogenesis-related promoter element. May be involved in the regulation of gene expression by stress factors and by components of stress signal transduction pathways (By similarity); Belongs to the AP2/ERF transcription factor family. AP2 subfamily. (498 aa) | ||||
EXPA17 | Putative expansin-A17; Causes loosening and extension of plant cell walls by disrupting non-covalent bonding between cellulose microfibrils and matrix glucans. No enzymatic activity has been found (By similarity). Target of the transcriptional activator LBD18. Regulated by LBD18 to promote lateral root formation. (255 aa) | ||||
PLT3 | Probable polyol transporter 3; Plasma membrane sugar-proton symporter; Belongs to the major facilitator superfamily. Sugar transporter (TC 2.A.1.1) family. (508 aa) | ||||
LACS2 | Long chain acyl-CoA synthetase 2; Activation of long-chain fatty acids for both synthesis of cellular lipids, and degradation via beta-oxidation. Acts in the cutin pathway. Preferentially uses palmitate, palmitoleate, oleate and linoleate. Required for repression of lateral root formation through its role in cutin biosynthesis and subsequent aerial tissues permeability. Belongs to the ATP-dependent AMP-binding enzyme family. (665 aa) | ||||
RPT2A | 26S proteasome regulatory subunit 4 homolog A; The 26S protease is involved in the ATP-dependent degradation of ubiquitinated proteins. The regulatory (or ATPase) complex confers ATP dependency and substrate specificity to the 26S complex. Is required for the maintenance of postembryonic root and shoot meristems. Has a specific role in the regulation of organs size. (443 aa) | ||||
BIG | Auxin transport protein BIG; Required for auxin efflux and polar auxin transport (PAT) influencing auxin-mediated developmental responses (e.g. cell elongation, apical dominance, lateral root production, inflorescence architecture, general growth and development). Controls the elongation of the pedicels and stem internodes through auxin action. Involved in the expression modulation of light-regulated genes. Represses CAB1 and CAB3 genes expression in etiolated seedlings. Confers sensitivity to the auxin transport inhibitors N-1-naphthylphthalamic acid (NPA), 2- carboxyphenyl-3-phenylpr [...] (5098 aa) | ||||
AMT1-3 | Ammonium transporter 1 member 3; Ammonium transporter probably involved in ammonium uptake from the soil. Contributes with AMT1-1 to the overall ammonium uptake capacity in roots under nitrogen-deficiency conditions. (498 aa) | ||||
LBD16 | LOB domain-containing protein 16; Transcriptional activator. Involved in lateral root formation. Regulated by the transcriptional activators ARF7 and ARF19. Functions in the initiation and emergence of lateral roots, in conjunction with LBD18, downstream of ARF7 and ARF19. Acts downstream of the auxin influx carriers AUX1 and LAX1 in the regulation of lateral root initiation and development. (245 aa) | ||||
PILS5 | Protein PIN-LIKES 5; Involved in cellular auxin homeostasis by regulating auxin metabolism. Regulates intracellular auxin accumulation at the endoplasmic reticulum and thus auxin availability for nuclear auxin signaling. (396 aa) | ||||
LBD29 | LOB domain-containing protein 29; Involved in lateral root formation. Regulated by the transcriptional activators ARF7 and ARF19. (218 aa) | ||||
NOXY2 | Uncharacterized protein T22P22_20. (93 aa) | ||||
RLF | Cytochrome b5 domain-containing protein RLF; Involved in the control of lateral root (LR) formation. Acts a positive regulator of early cell divisions involved in LR initiation, independently of ARF7 and ARF19-mediated auxin signaling. Belongs to the cytochrome b5 family. (211 aa) | ||||
ACR4-2 | Serine/threonine-protein kinase-like protein ACR4; Controls formative cell division in meristems, including root tips and lateral root initiation zones of the pericycle, in response to CLE40 signal. Acts with CLE40p peptide as a ligand-receptor pair in a signal transduction pathway, coordinating movement of the root tip and organization of cell divisions in the root meristem. Required during embryogenesis and development, probably for the differentiation of protoderm and epidermal cells. Involved in the regulation of cellular organization during the development of sepal margins and ovu [...] (895 aa) | ||||
LOX5 | Linoleate 9S-lipoxygenase 5; 9S-lipoxygenase that can use linoleic acid or linolenic acid as substrates. Plant lipoxygenases may be involved in a number of diverse aspects of plant physiology including growth and development, pest resistance, and senescence or responses to wounding. Catalyzes the hydroperoxidation of lipids containing a cis,cis-1,4-pentadiene structure. Function as regulators of root development by controlling the emergence of lateral roots. (886 aa) | ||||
NEK6 | Serine/threonine-protein kinase Nek6; May be involved in plant development processes. (416 aa) | ||||
MPK13 | Mitogen-activated protein kinase 13; MKK6-MPK13 module positively regulates lateral root formation; Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. CMGC Ser/Thr protein kinase family. MAP kinase subfamily. (363 aa) | ||||
SKP2A | F-box protein SKP2A; Component of SCF(SKP2A) E3 ubiquitin ligase complexes, which mediate the ubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation of target proteins (including cell cycle repressors). Acts as an auxin receptor. Regulates the stability of the transcription factors E2FC and DPB, repressors of cell proliferation. Confers increase tolerance to osmotic stress by promoting cell division, especially in meristems. Promotes the formation of lateral root primordia. (360 aa) | ||||
EXPA14 | Expansin-A14; Causes loosening and extension of plant cell walls by disrupting non-covalent bonding between cellulose microfibrils and matrix glucans. No enzymatic activity has been found (By similarity). Target of the transcriptional activator LBD18. Regulated by LBD18 to promote lateral root formation. Belongs to the expansin family. Expansin A subfamily. (255 aa) | ||||
MKK6 | Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 6; The ANPs-MKK6-MPK4 module is involved in the regulation of plant cytokinesis during meiosis and mitosis. MKK6-MPK13 module positively regulates lateral root formation. Phosphorylates and activates MPK4. Activates MPK5 and MPK13 in vitro. (356 aa) | ||||
CEPR1 | Receptor protein-tyrosine kinase CEPR1; Receptor kinase involved in the perception of C-terminally encoded plant signaling peptide (CEP) and subsequent regulation of root and shoot development. Required for xylem and phloem cell files morphology and organization, probably by preventing ectopic lignification in phloem cells. Together with CEPR2, mediates systemic nitrogen (N)-demand signaling upon the perception of root-derived peptides (e.g. CEP1) via the up-regulation of genes involved in N uptake and assimilation pathways. Regulates positively lateral root initiation and development; [...] (966 aa) | ||||
LAX3 | Auxin transporter-like protein 3; Carrier protein involved in proton-driven auxin influx. Mediates the formation of auxin gradient from developing leaves (site of auxin biosynthesis) to tips by contributing to the loading of auxin in vascular tissues and facilitating acropetal (base to tip) auxin transport within inner tissues of the root apex, and basipetal (tip to base) auxin transport within outer tissues of the root apex (By similarity); Belongs to the amino acid/polyamine transporter 2 family. Amino acid/auxin permease (AAAP) (TC 2.A.18.1) subfamily. (470 aa) | ||||
PILS2 | Protein PIN-LIKES 2; Involved in cellular auxin homeostasis by regulating auxin metabolism. Regulates intracellular auxin accumulation at the endoplasmic reticulum and thus auxin availability for nuclear auxin signaling. (457 aa) | ||||
LBD13 | LOB domain-containing protein 13; Belongs to the LOB domain-containing protein family. (268 aa) | ||||
AUX1 | Auxin transporter protein 1; Carrier protein involved in proton-driven auxin influx. Mediates the formation of auxin gradient from developing leaves (site of auxin biosynthesis) to tips by contributing to the loading of auxin in vascular tissues and facilitating acropetal (base to tip) auxin transport within inner tissues of the root apex, and basipetal (tip to base) auxin transport within outer tissues of the root apex. Unloads auxin from the mature phloem to deliver the hormone to the root meristem via the protophloem cell files. Coordinated subcellular localization of AUX1 is regula [...] (485 aa) | ||||
LRS1 | Transducin/WD40 repeat-like superfamily protein. (753 aa) | ||||
PLT5 | Polyol transporter 5; Plasma membrane broad-spectrum sugar-proton symporter. Mediates the uptake of linear polyols such as sorbitol, xylitol, erythritol or glycerol. Can transport the cyclic polyol myo-inositol and different hexoses, pentoses (including ribose), tetroses and sugar alcohols. (539 aa) | ||||
ARF19 | Auxin response factor 19; Auxin response factors (ARFs) are transcriptional factors that bind specifically to the DNA sequence 5'-TGTCTC-3' found in the auxin-responsive promoter elements (AuxREs). Could act as transcriptional activator or repressor. Formation of heterodimers with Aux/IAA proteins may alter their ability to modulate early auxin response genes expression. Involved in ethylene responses. Regulates lateral root formation through direct regulation of LBD16 and/or LBD29. Functionally redundant with ARF7. (1086 aa) | ||||
PCN | WD repeat-containing protein PCN; Involved in auxin signaling pathway. Required for embryo development and meristem organization. Functions in the auxin pathway, integrating auxin signaling in the organization and maintenance of the shoot apical meristem (SAM) and root apical meristem (RAM). (815 aa) | ||||
ATHB-23 | Homeobox-leucine zipper protein ATHB-23; Probable transcription factor; Belongs to the HD-ZIP homeobox family. Class I subfamily. (255 aa) | ||||
MHK10.21 | Amine oxidase. (776 aa) | ||||
PIP5K2 | Phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate 5-kinase 2; Possesses phosphatidylinositol kinase activity in vitro. (754 aa) | ||||
SRD2 | snRNA-activating protein complex subunit; Transcription activator of small-nuclear RNA genes (snRNA), which have essential roles in pre-mRNA splicing and rRNA processing. Essential protein involved in the establishment of apical meristems and organ primordia, embryogenesis, cell differentiation and cell proliferation, probably by modulating the establishment of auxin gradients. Participates in the control of competence in cell proliferation; required for the reinitiation of the progression of the cell cycle and subsequent cell proliferation during cell redifferentiation leading to call [...] (375 aa) | ||||
AGL79 | MADS-box protein AGL79. (249 aa) | ||||
AIL5 | AP2-like ethylene-responsive transcription factor AIL5; Probably acts as a transcriptional activator. Binds to the GCC-box pathogenesis-related promoter element. May be involved in the regulation of gene expression by stress factors and by components of stress signal transduction pathways (By similarity). Involved in the regulation of floral organs size; Belongs to the AP2/ERF transcription factor family. AP2 subfamily. (558 aa) | ||||
XBAT32 | E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase XBAT32; E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that mediates ubiquitination of ACC synthases (ACS). Negatively regulates ethylene biosynthesis probably via ubiquitin-dependent degradation of ACS4 and ACS7 enzymes. Regulates lateral root formation and development by controlling ethylene production which inhibits lateral root formation at high concentration. (508 aa) | ||||
KRP1-2 | Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1; Binds and inhibits CYCD2-1/CDKA-1 kinase complex activity. Regulates cell division which is crucial for plant growth, development and morphogenesis. Functions in turning cells from a mitotic to an endoreplicating cell cycle mode. Acts cell- and non-cell-autonomously to regulate endoreduplication by allowing S phase progression, but blocking entry into mitosis. Keeps on the one hand the plant cell cycle locally controlled, and on the other hand provides a possibility of linking cell cycle control in single cells with the supracellular organization of [...] (191 aa) | ||||
ATXR2 | Histone-lysine N-methyltransferase ATXR2; Histone methyltransferase. (473 aa) | ||||
TIR1 | Protein TRANSPORT INHIBITOR RESPONSE 1; Auxin receptor that mediates Aux/IAA proteins proteasomal degradation and auxin-regulated transcription. The SCF(TIR1) E3 ubiquitin ligase complex is involved in auxin-mediated signaling pathway that regulate root and hypocotyl growth, lateral root formation, cell elongation, and gravitropism. Appears to allow pericycle cells to overcome G2 arrest prior to lateral root development. Plays a role in ethylene signaling in roots. Confers sensitivity to the virulent bacterial pathogen P.syringae. (594 aa) | ||||
GN | ARF guanine-nucleotide exchange factor GNOM; Activates the ARF proteins by exchanging bound GDP for free GTP. Plays a role in vesicular protein sorting. Acts as the major regulator of endosomal vesicle trafficking but is also involved in the endocytosis process. Could function redundantly with GNL1 in the retrograde Golgi to endoplasmic reticulum trafficking. Regulates vesicle trafficking required for the coordinated polar localization of auxin efflux carriers which in turn determines the direction of auxin flow. Mediates the sorting of PIN1 from endosomal compartments to the basal pla [...] (1451 aa) | ||||
CYCA2-3 | Cyclin-A2-3; Negatively regulates endocycles and acts as a regulator of ploidy levels in endoreduplication. Promotes divisions in the guard cells (GCs) after the guard mother cells (GMC) symmetric division ; Belongs to the cyclin family. Cyclin AB subfamily. (450 aa) | ||||
LOX1 | Linoleate 9S-lipoxygenase 1; 9S-lipoxygenase that can use linoleic acid or linolenic acid as substrates. Plant lipoxygenases may be involved in a number of diverse aspects of plant physiology including growth and development, pest resistance, and senescence or responses to wounding. Catalyzes the hydroperoxidation of lipids containing a cis,cis-1,4-pentadiene structure. Function as regulators of root development by controlling the emergence of lateral roots. (859 aa) | ||||
CEP5 | C-terminally encoded peptide 5; Extracellular signaling peptide that represses plant growth rate. Regulates shoot gravitropic responses. Represses primary root length and lateral root initiation, probably by repressing the CEP receptor CEPR1. Regulates systemic nitrogen (N)-demand signaling. Mediates up- regulation of genes involved in N uptake and assimilation pathways. (105 aa) | ||||
HAT4 | Homeobox-leucine zipper protein HAT4; Probable transcription factor involved in the negative regulation of cell elongation and specific cell proliferation processes such as lateral root formation and secondary growth of the vascular system. Acts as mediator of the red/far-red light effects on leaf cell expansion in the shading response. Binds to the DNA sequence 5'- CAAT[GC]ATTG-3'. Negatively regulates its own expression. Belongs to the HD-ZIP homeobox family. Class II subfamily. (284 aa) | ||||
ARF7 | Auxin response factor 7; Auxin response factors (ARFs) are transcriptional factors that bind specifically to the DNA sequence 5'-TGTCTC-3' found in the auxin-responsive promoter elements (AuxREs). Act as a transcriptional activator of several tropic stimulus-induced (TSI) genes, including SAUR50. Formation of heterodimers with Aux/IAA proteins may alter their ability to modulate early auxin response genes expression. Required for differential growth responses of aerial tissues. Involved in ethylene responses. Regulates lateral root formation through direct regulation of LBD16 and/or LB [...] (1164 aa) | ||||
AMT1-1 | Ammonium transporter 1 member 1; High affinity ammonium transporter probably involved in ammonium uptake from the soil, long-distance transport to the shoots and re-uptake of apoplastic ammonium that derives from photorespiration in shoots. Contributes with AMT1-3 to the overall ammonium uptake capacity in roots under nitrogen-deficiency conditions. Belongs to the ammonia transporter channel (TC 1.A.11.2) family. (501 aa) | ||||
CTU2 | Cytoplasmic tRNA 2-thiolation protein 2; Plays a central role in 2-thiolation of mcm(5)S(2)U at tRNA wobble positions of tRNA(Lys), tRNA(Glu) and tRNA(Gln). May act by forming a heterodimer with NCS6/CTU1 that ligates sulfur from thiocarboxylated URM1 onto the uridine of tRNAs at wobble position. (458 aa) | ||||
PLP5 | Patatin-like protein 5; Possesses non-specific lipolytic acyl hydrolase (LAH) activity. Catalyzes the hydrolysis of the neutral lipids monogalactosyldiacylglycerol (MGDG), digalactosyldiacylglycerol (DGDG) and phosphatidylglycerol (PG), and less efficiently the polar lipids phosphatidylcholine (PC) and phosphatidylinositol (PI), but not the storage lipid triacylglycerol (TAG). May play a role in root development. (414 aa) | ||||
PLP1 | Patatin-like protein 1; Possesses non-specific lipolytic acyl hydrolase (LAH) activity. Catalyzes the hydrolysis of the neutral lipids monogalactosyldiacylglycerol (MGDG), digalactosyldiacylglycerol (DGDG) and phosphatidylglycerol (PG), and less efficiently the polar lipids phosphatidylcholine (PC) and phosphatidylinositol (PI), but not the storage lipid triacylglycerol (TAG). May play a role in root development; Belongs to the patatin family. (414 aa) | ||||
LBD18 | LOB domain-containing protein 18; Involved in the positive regulation of tracheary element (TE) differentiation. Involved in a positive feedback loop that maintains or promotes NAC030/VND7 expression that regulates TE differentiation- related genes. Functions in the initiation and emergence of lateral roots, in conjunction with LBD16, downstream of ARF7 and ARF19. Transcriptional activator that directly regulates EXPA14, a gene encoding a cell wall- loosening factor that promotes lateral root emergence. Activates EXPA14 by directly binding to a specific region of its promoter. Transcri [...] (262 aa) | ||||
NodGS | Nodulin/glutamine synthase-like protein; Belongs to the glutamine synthetase family. (852 aa) |