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| | F23N20.17 | Probable 3-hydroxyisobutyrate dehydrogenase-like 3, mitochondrial. (318 aa) |
| | CYP707A1 | Abscisic acid 8'-hydroxylase 1; Involved in the oxidative degradation of abscisic acid. Plays an important role in determining abscisic acid levels in dry seeds and in the control of postgermination growth; Belongs to the cytochrome P450 family. (467 aa) |
| | DLD | D-lactate dehydrogenase [cytochrome], mitochondrial; Catalyzes the stereospecific oxidation of D-lactate to pyruvate. Involved in the detoxification of methylglyoxal and D- lactate, but probably not involved in the metabolization of glycolate. Belongs to the FAD-binding oxidoreductase/transferase type 4 family. (567 aa) |
| | GLDP1 | Glycine dehydrogenase (decarboxylating) 1, mitochondrial; The glycine decarboxylase (GDC) or glycine cleavage system catalyzes the degradation of glycine. The P protein binds the alpha- amino group of glycine through its pyridoxal phosphate cofactor; CO(2) is released and the remaining methylamine moiety is then transferred to the lipoamide cofactor of the H protein (By similarity). (1037 aa) |
| | SHM2 | Serine hydroxymethyltransferase 2, mitochondrial; Functions outside the photorespiratory pathway in catalyzing the interconversion of serine and glycine. Belongs to the SHMT family. (517 aa) |
| | K7M2.21 | 3-hydroxyisobutyryl-CoA hydrolase-like protein 4, mitochondrial; Belongs to the enoyl-CoA hydratase/isomerase family. (418 aa) |
| | CYP707A4 | Abscisic acid 8'-hydroxylase 4; Involved in the oxidative degradation of abscisic acid, but not in the isomerization of the produced 8'-hydroxyabscisic acid (8'- OH-ABA) to (-)-phaseic acid (PA); Belongs to the cytochrome P450 family. (468 aa) |
| | HACL | 2-hydroxyacyl-CoA lyase; Catalyzes a carbon-carbon cleavage reaction; cleaves a 2- hydroxy-3-methylacyl-CoA into formyl-CoA and a 2-methyl-branched fatty aldehyde; Belongs to the TPP enzyme family. (572 aa) |
| | DIN4 | 2-oxoisovalerate dehydrogenase subunit beta 2, mitochondrial; The branched-chain alpha-keto dehydrogenase complex catalyzes the overall conversion of alpha-keto acids to acyl-CoA and CO(2). It contains multiple copies of three enzymatic components: branched-chain alpha-keto acid decarboxylase (E1), lipoamide acyltransferase (E2) and lipoamide dehydrogenase (E3) (By similarity). Required during sugar starvation and acts under the control of a sugar-sensing mechanism involving Ser/Thr kinases and phosphatases. (358 aa) |
| | ALAAT2 | Alanine aminotransferase 2, mitochondrial; Belongs to the class-I pyridoxal-phosphate-dependent aminotransferase family. Alanine aminotransferase subfamily. (540 aa) |
| | MCCB | Methylcrotonoyl-CoA carboxylase beta chain, mitochondrial; Carboxyltransferase subunit of the 3-methylcrotonyl-CoA carboxylase, an enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of 3- methylcrotonyl-CoA to 3-methylglutaconyl-CoA, a critical step for leucine and isovaleric acid catabolism. (587 aa) |
| | PGD2 | 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase, decarboxylating 2; Catalyzes the oxidative decarboxylation of 6-phosphogluconate to ribulose 5-phosphate and CO(2), with concomitant reduction of NADP to NADPH. Required for guided growth of the male gametophytes and interaction between the pollen tube and the ovule. (486 aa) |
| | THA2 | Probable low-specificity L-threonine aldolase 2; Threonine aldolase involved in threonine degradation to glycine. May play a role in the removal of L-allo-threonine. (355 aa) |
| | PEX1 | Peroxisome biogenesis protein 1; Involved in PTS1- and PTS2-dependent protein import into peroxisomes. May form heteromeric AAA ATPase complexes required for the import of proteins. (1130 aa) |
| | DELTA-OAT | Ornithine aminotransferase, mitochondrial; Mediates degradation of arginine for nitrogen recycling. Plays a role in non-host disease resistance by regulating pyrroline-5- carboxylate metabolism-induced hypersensitive response. (475 aa) |
| | SCP2 | Sterol carrier protein 2; Enhances the transfer of lipids between membranes in vitro. Active on phosphatidylcholine (PC), 1-palmitoyl 2- oleoyl phosphatidylcholine (POPC) and ergosterol, and, to a lower extent, dimyristoyl phosphatidic acid, stigmasterol, desmosterol, beta- sitosterol and steryl glucoside. Inactive or poorly active on palmitic acid, stearoyl-coenzyme A, cholesterol, glucosylceramide and ceramide. Required during seeds and seedlings development. (123 aa) |
| | DMR6 | Protein DOWNY MILDEW RESISTANCE 6; Converts salicylic acid (SA) to 2,3-dihydroxybenzoic acid (2,3-DHBA) (By similarity). Suppressor of immunity. Regulates negatively defense associated genes expression (e.g. PR-1, PR-2, and PR-5). Negative regulator of defense against Hyaloperonospora arabidopsidis. (Microbial infection) Required for susceptibility to Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000; Belongs to the iron/ascorbate-dependent oxidoreductase family. (341 aa) |
| | MCO15.2 | 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase E2 component (dihydrolipoamide succinyltransferase); The 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase complex catalyzes the overall conversion of 2-oxoglutarate to succinyl-CoA and CO(2). It contains multiple copies of three enzymatic components: 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase (E1), dihydrolipoamide succinyltransferase (E2) and lipoamide dehydrogenase (E3) (By similarity). (464 aa) |
| | AACT1 | Probable acetyl-CoA acetyltransferase, cytosolic 2; Belongs to the thiolase-like superfamily. Thiolase family. (415 aa) |
| | DCI1 | Delta(3,5)-Delta(2,4)-dienoyl-CoA isomerase, peroxisomal; Converts 3,5-dienoyl-CoAs to the corresponding 2,4-dienoyl- CoAs. Involved in degradation of unsaturated fatty acids. (278 aa) |
| | CYP707A3 | Abscisic acid 8'-hydroxylase 3; Involved in the oxidative degradation of abscisic acid, but not in the isomerization of the produced 8'-hydroxyabscisic acid (8'- OH-ABA) to (-)-phaseic acid (PA). Involved in the control of postgermination growth. (463 aa) |
| | PGD3 | 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase, decarboxylating 3, chloroplastic; Catalyzes the oxidative decarboxylation of 6-phosphogluconate to ribulose 5-phosphate and CO(2), with concomitant reduction of NADP to NADPH. (487 aa) |
| | PEX2 | Peroxisome biogenesis protein 2; Might act directly in a photomorphogenetic pathway negatively regulated by DET1, which is involved in peroxisome assembly and matrix protein import. Could be part of a complex responsible for the monoubiquitination of PEX5. Acts as an E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase. Belongs to the pex2/pex10/pex12 family. (333 aa) |
| | ETFQO | Electron transfer flavoprotein-ubiquinone oxidoreductase, mitochondrial; Accepts electrons from ETF and reduces ubiquinone. May act downstream of IVD and D2HGDH in the degradation of phytol or chlorophyll during dark-induced senescence and sugar starvation. Belongs to the ETF-QO/FixC family. (633 aa) |
| | ECI1 | Enoyl-CoA delta isomerase 1, peroxisomal; Able to isomerize both 3-cis and 3-trans double bonds into the 2-trans form in a range of enoyl-CoA species. Essential for the beta oxidation of unsaturated fatty acids. (240 aa) |
| | LIP1-4 | Lipoyl synthase, mitochondrial; Catalyzes the radical-mediated insertion of two sulfur atoms into the C-6 and C-8 positions of the octanoyl moiety bound to the lipoyl domains of lipoate-dependent enzymes, thereby converting the octanoylated domains into lipoylated derivatives (By similarity). Together with LIP2 is essential for mitochondrial protein lipoylation during seed development. Required for the lipoylation of mitochondrial pyruvate dehydrogenase component E2 proteins in leaves and roots. (374 aa) |
| | GSTZ2 | Glutathione S-transferase Z2; May be involved in the conjugation of reduced glutathione to a wide number of exogenous and endogenous hydrophobic electrophiles and have a detoxification role against certain herbicides. (223 aa) |
| | GSTZ1 | Glutathione S-transferase Z1; Acts a maleylacetone isomerase. Also catalyzes the glutathione-dependent dehalogenation of dichloroacetic acid to glyoxylic acid. In vitro, possesses glutathione peroxidase activity toward cumene hydroperoxide and linoleic acid-13-hydroperoxide. Belongs to the GST superfamily. Zeta family. (221 aa) |
| | QPT | Nicotinate-nucleotide pyrophosphorylase [carboxylating], chloroplastic; Involved in the catabolism of quinolinic acid (QA). (348 aa) |
| | OMR1 | Threonine dehydratase biosynthetic, chloroplastic; Catalyzes the formation of alpha-ketobutyrate from threonine in a two-step reaction. The first step is a dehydration of threonine, followed by rehydration and liberation of ammonia; Belongs to the serine/threonine dehydratase family. (592 aa) |
| | DLO1 | Protein DMR6-LIKE OXYGENASE 1; Converts salicylic acid (SA) to both 2,3-dihydroxybenzoic acid (2,3-DHBA) and 2,5-DHBA in vitro but only 2,3-DHBA in vivo. Component of a negative feedback regulation system of SA levels during senescence. Regulates both onset and progression of leaf senescence. Negative regulator of defense against Hyaloperonospora arabidopsidis. Belongs to the iron/ascorbate-dependent oxidoreductase family. (349 aa) |
| | DLO2 | Protein DMR6-LIKE OXYGENASE 2; Converts salicylic acid (SA) to 2,3-dihydroxybenzoic acid (2,3-DHBA) (By similarity). Negative regulator of defense against Hyaloperonospora arabidopsidis. Belongs to the iron/ascorbate-dependent oxidoreductase family. (348 aa) |
| | HGO | Homogentisate 1,2-dioxygenase. (461 aa) |
| | ACX1.2 | Putative peroxisomal acyl-coenzyme A oxidase 1.2; Catalyzes the desaturation of acyl-CoAs to 2-trans-enoyl- CoAs. (664 aa) |
| | GAD3 | Glutamate decarboxylase 3; Catalyzes the production of GABA. The calmodulin-binding is calcium-dependent and it is proposed that this may, directly or indirectly, form a calcium regulated control of GABA biosynthesis (By similarity). (500 aa) |
| | GAD4 | Glutamate decarboxylase 4; Catalyzes the production of GABA. The calmodulin-binding is calcium-dependent and it is proposed that this may, directly or indirectly, form a calcium regulated control of GABA biosynthesis (By similarity); Belongs to the group II decarboxylase family. (493 aa) |
| | GEK1 | D-aminoacyl-tRNA deacylase; Hydrolyzes D-aminoacyl-tRNA into D-amino acid and free tRNA. Broad specificity toward the amino acid, but strict specificity toward the D-isomer. Seems to be required for ethanol tolerance. (317 aa) |
| | AIM1 | Enoyl-CoA hydratase/3-2-trans-enoyl-CoA isomerase/3-hydroxybutyryl-CoA epimerase; Involved in peroxisomal fatty acid beta-oxidation. Required for wound-induced jasmonate biosynthesis. Possesses enoyl-CoA hydratase activity against short chain substrates (C4-C6) and 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase activity against chains of variable sizes (C6-C16). Possesses cinnamoyl-CoA hydratase activity and is involved in the peroxisomal beta-oxidation pathway for the biosynthesis of benzoic acid (BA). Required for the accumulation in seeds of benzoylated glucosinolates (BGs) and substituted hydroxy [...] (721 aa) |
| | MFP2 | Enoyl-CoA hydratase/3-2-trans-enoyl-CoA isomerase/3-hydroxybutyryl-CoA epimerase; Involved in peroxisomal fatty acid beta-oxidation during seed germination. Possesses enoyl-CoA hydratase activity against long chain substrates (C14-C18) and 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase activity against chains of variable sizes (C6-C18). Possesses 3-hydroxy-3- phenylpropionyl-CoA dehydrogenase activity and is involved in the peroxisomal beta-oxidation pathway for the biosynthesis of benzoic acid (BA). Required for the accumulation in seeds of substituted hydroxybenzoylated choline esters, which are BA [...] (725 aa) |
| | Q9XE46_ARATH | NAD(P)-binding Rossmann-fold superfamily protein. (156 aa) |
| | T9E8.100 | 3-hydroxyisobutyryl-CoA hydrolase-like protein 3, mitochondrial. (421 aa) |
| | SHM1 | Serine hydroxymethyltransferase 1, mitochondrial; Functions in the photorespiratory pathway in catalyzing the interconversion of serine and glycine. Involved in controlling cell damage caused by abiotic stress, such as high light and salt and the hypersensitive defense response of plants. Belongs to the SHMT family. (517 aa) |
| | F19B15.150 | Probable 3-hydroxyisobutyrate dehydrogenase-like 1, mitochondrial. (334 aa) |
| | PEX10 | Peroxisome biogenesis factor 10; Involved in the formation of peroxisomes, lipid bodies and protein bodies. Required for normal-shaped peroxisomes that can physically associate with the outer membrane of the chloroplast envelope. Not involved in beta-oxidation and glyoxylate cycle. Acts as an E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase. Belongs to the pex2/pex10/pex12 family. (381 aa) |
| | IVD | Isovaleryl-CoA dehydrogenase, mitochondrial; Involved in degradation of the branched-chain amino acids, phytol and lysine for the supply of carbon and electrons to the ETF/ETFQO complex during dark-induced sugar starvation. Belongs to the acyl-CoA dehydrogenase family. (409 aa) |
| | SHM5 | Serine hydroxymethyltransferase 5; Catalyzes the interconversion of serine and glycine. Belongs to the SHMT family. (470 aa) |
| | T13K14.90 | Probable 3-hydroxyisobutyrate dehydrogenase, mitochondrial. (347 aa) |
| | T23J7.10 | DNA binding protein. (302 aa) |
| | REF6 | Lysine-specific demethylase REF6; Histone demethylase that demethylates 'Lys-27' (H3K27me) of histone H3. Demethylates both tri- (H3K27me3) and di-methylated (H3K27me2) H3K27me. Demethylates also H3K4me3/2 and H3K36me3/2 in an in vitro assay. Involved in the transcriptional regulation of hundreds of genes regulating developmental patterning and responses to various stimuli. Binds DNA via its four zinc fingers in a sequence- specific manner, 5'-CTCTGYTY-3', to promote the demethylation of H3K27me3 and the regulation of organ boundary formation. Involved in the regulation of flowering ti [...] (1360 aa) |
| | PAL4 | Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase 4; This is a key enzyme of plant metabolism catalyzing the first reaction in the biosynthesis from L-phenylalanine of a wide variety of natural products based on the phenylpropane skeleton; Belongs to the PAL/histidase family. (707 aa) |
| | PEX13 | Peroxisomal membrane protein 13; Involved in PTS1- and PTS2-dependent protein import into peroxisomes. Required for PTS1- dependent protein import into pollen peroxisomes. Acts as a docking factor on peroxisomal membranes. Required for the proper targeting of PEX7 to the peroxisome. Required for the export/release of receptors on the peroxisome membrane. Essential for pollen-tube discharge that take place only in the presence of functional peroxisomes in either the male or the female gametophyte. Belongs to the peroxin-13 family. (304 aa) |
| | LKR/SDH | Alpha-aminoadipic semialdehyde synthase; Bifunctional enzyme that catalyzes the first two steps in lysine degradation. The N-terminal and the C-terminal contain lysine- oxoglutarate reductase and saccharopine dehydrogenase activity, respectively. Negatively regulates free Lys accumulation in seeds. In the N-terminal section; belongs to the AlaDH/PNT family. (1064 aa) |
| | AAE3 | Oxalate--CoA ligase; Oxalyl-CoA synthetase acting exclusively against oxalate. No activity with malonate, succinate, malate, acetate, formate, lactate, glycolate, glyoxylate or glutarate. Required for oxalate degradation, normal seed development and defense against oxalate-producing fungal pathogens. (514 aa) |
| | T24I21.20 | Gluconokinase; Phosphorylates gluconate to 6-phosphogluconate. Belongs to the gluconokinase GntK/GntV family. (189 aa) |
| | CSY3 | Citrate synthase 3, peroxisomal; Peroxisomal citrate synthase required for the fatty acid respiration in seedlings, citrate being exported from peroxisomes into mitochondria during respiration of triacylglycerol (TAG). Indeed, complete respiration requires the transfer of carbon in the form of citrate from the peroxisome to the mitochondria. (509 aa) |
| | ADC1 | Arginine decarboxylase 1; Required for the biosynthesis of putrescine. Catalyzes the first step of polyamine (PA) biosynthesis to produce putrescine from arginine. Is a minor contributor to basal arginine decarboxylase (ADC) activity and putrescine biosynthesis. Accumulation of putrescine plays a positive role in freezing tolerance. Production of polyamines is essential for normal seed development. Controls PA homeostasis which is crucial for normal plant growth and development. (702 aa) |
| | F12K11.12 | 3-hydroxyisobutyryl-CoA hydrolase-like protein 5; Belongs to the enoyl-CoA hydratase/isomerase family. (387 aa) |
| | PGD1 | 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase, decarboxylating 1, chloroplastic; Catalyzes the oxidative decarboxylation of 6-phosphogluconate to ribulose 5-phosphate and CO(2), with concomitant reduction of NADP to NADPH. (487 aa) |
| | MGL | Methionine gamma-lyase; Catalyzes the degradation of L-methionine to alpha- ketobutyrate, methanethiol and ammonia. Exhibits a high activity toward L-methionine, L-ethionine, L-homocysteine and seleno-L-methionine, but not L-cysteine. Involved in an alternative cysteine biosynthesis pathway to the reverse trans-sulfuration pathway (methionine->homocysteine->cystathionine->cysteine) in which methanethiol is an intermediate. Mediates also an alternative isoleucine biosynthesis pathway in which 2-ketobutyrate is an intermediate. (441 aa) |
| | DOX1 | Alpha-dioxygenase 1; Alpha-dioxygenase that catalyzes the primary oxygenation of fatty acids into oxylipins. Mediates a protection against oxidative stress and cell death, probably by generating some lipid-derived molecules. Promotes local and systemic plant defense in a salicylic acid (SA)-dependent manner, including the establishment of systemic acquired resistance (SAR) in response to incompatible interaction. Involved in a negative regulation of abscisic acid (ABA)-mediated signaling pathway. (639 aa) |
| | BCDH_BETA1 | 2-oxoisovalerate dehydrogenase subunit beta 1, mitochondrial; The branched-chain alpha-keto dehydrogenase complex catalyzes the overall conversion of alpha-keto acids to acyl-CoA and CO(2). It contains multiple copies of three enzymatic components: branched-chain alpha-keto acid decarboxylase (E1), lipoamide acyltransferase (E2) and lipoamide dehydrogenase (E3) (By similarity). (352 aa) |
| | HSPRO2 | Nematode resistance protein-like HSPRO2; Positive regulator of basal resistance. (435 aa) |
| | KPR | Putative 2-dehydropantoate 2-reductase; Catalyzes the NADPH-dependent reduction of ketopantoate into pantoic acid. (365 aa) |
| | dl4425c | Probable enoyl-CoA hydratase 2, mitochondrial; Straight-chain enoyl-CoA thioesters from C4 up to at least C16 are processed, although with decreasing catalytic rate. (301 aa) |
| | F4J6E0_ARATH | Pyridoxal phosphate (PLP)-dependent transferases superfamily protein. (194 aa) |
| | ALAAT1 | Alanine aminotransferase 1, mitochondrial; Major alanine aminotransferase in roots. (543 aa) |
| | F28J9.2 | Uncharacterized protein. (195 aa) |
| | DCD | Bifunctional D-cysteine desulfhydrase/1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate deaminase, mitochondrial; Catalyzes the production of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) from cysteine. Is mainly responsible for the degradation of cysteine to generate H2S, a regulator of stomatal movement and closure. Has high affinity for D-cysteine. (401 aa) |
| | T1N6.10 | Acyl-CoA thioesterase II. (427 aa) |
| | F2I11.130 | Transducin family protein / WD-40 repeat family protein. (615 aa) |
| | MPE11.30 | D-cysteine desulfhydrase 2, mitochondrial; Catalyzes the production of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) from cysteine. Can accept both D-cysteine and L-cysteine as substrate. (427 aa) |
| | F23N20.16 | Probable 3-hydroxyisobutyrate dehydrogenase-like 2, mitochondrial. (299 aa) |
| | ISS1 | Aromatic aminotransferase ISS1; Coordinates and prevents auxin (IAA) and ethylene biosynthesis, thus regulating auxin homeostasis in young seedlings. Shows aminotransferase activity with methionine; can use the ethylene biosynthetic intermediate L- methionine (L-Met) as an amino donor and the auxin biosynthetic intermediate, indole-3-pyruvic acid (3-IPA) as an amino acceptor to produce L-tryptophan (L-Trp) and 2-oxo-4-methylthiobutyric acid (KMBA). Can also use tryptophan (Trp), phenylalanine (Phe), and tyrosine (Tyr) as substrates. Regulates tryptophan (Trp) homeostasis and catabolism [...] (394 aa) |
| | ETFA | Electron transfer flavoprotein subunit alpha, mitochondrial; The electron transfer flavoprotein serves as a specific electron acceptor for several dehydrogenases, including five acyl-CoA dehydrogenases, glutaryl-CoA and sarcosine dehydrogenase. It transfers the electrons to the main mitochondrial respiratory chain via ETF- ubiquinone oxidoreductase (ETF dehydrogenase). Involved in leucine catabolism and in phytol degradation (By similarity). (363 aa) |
| | ACX4 | Acyl-coenzyme A oxidase 4, peroxisomal; Catalyzes the desaturation of short-chain acyl-CoAs to 2- trans-enoyl-CoAs. Active on butyryl-CoA (C4), hexanoyl-CoA (C6), and octanoyl-CoA (C8). Has no activity as acyl-CoA dehydrogenase or on crotonyl-CoA (an unsaturated C4:1 carbocyclic ester) or glutaryl-CoA (a dicarboxylic ester). (436 aa) |
| | CYCLASE3 | Cyclase-like protein 3. (271 aa) |
| | CYCLASE2 | Cyclase-like protein 2; May function redundantly with CYCLASE1 for normal plant growth, development and viability. (272 aa) |
| | SHM3 | Serine hydroxymethyltransferase 3, chloroplastic; Catalyzes the interconversion of serine and glycine and directs the hydroxymethyl moiety of serine into the metabolic network of H4PteGlu(n)-bound one-carbon units; Belongs to the SHMT family. (529 aa) |
| | ABCD1 | ABC transporter D family member 1; Contributes to the transport of fatty acids and their derivatives (acyl CoAs) across the peroxisomal membrane. Provides acetate to the glyoxylate cycle in developing seedlings. Involved in pollen tube elongation, ovule fertilization, and seeds germination after imbibition (controls the switch between the opposing developmental programs of dormancy and germination), probably by promoting beta-oxidation of storage lipids during gluconeogenesis. Required for biosynthesis of jasmonic acid and conversion of indole butyric acid to indole acetic acid. Confer [...] (1337 aa) |
| | POP2 | Gamma-aminobutyrate transaminase POP2, mitochondrial; Transaminase that degrades gamma-amino butyric acid (GABA) and uses pyruvate or glyoxylate as amino-group acceptor, but not 2- oxoglutarate. The pyruvate-dependent activity is reversible while the glyoxylate-dependent activity is irreversible. Cannot use beta-alanine, ornithine, acetylornithine, serine, glycine, asparagine, glutamine, glutamate, valine, leucine, isoleucine, methionine, phenylalanine, histidine, lysine, arginine, aspartate, threonine, tyrosine, tryptophan, proline, or cysteine as amino donors. Modulates steady- state [...] (504 aa) |
| | HSPRO1 | Nematode resistance protein-like HSPRO1; Positive regulator of basal resistance. (428 aa) |
| | ALDH5F1 | Succinate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase, mitochondrial; Oxidizes specifically succinate semialdehyde. Involved in plant response to environmental stress by preventing the accumulation of reactive oxygen species, probably by regulating proline, gamma- hydroxybutyrate (GHB) and gamma-aminobutyrate (GABA) levels. Required for the maintenance of the shoot apical meristem (SAM) structure and subsequent adaxial-abaxial axis-dependent development of cotyledons and leaves. (528 aa) |
| | GGAT2 | Glutamate--glyoxylate aminotransferase 2; Catalyzes the Glu:glyoxylate aminotransferase (GGT), Ala:glyoxylate aminotransferase (AGT), Ala:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase (AKT) and Glu:pyruvate aminotransferase (GPT) reactions in peroxisomes; Belongs to the class-I pyridoxal-phosphate-dependent aminotransferase family. Alanine aminotransferase subfamily. (481 aa) |
| | FDH1 | Formate dehydrogenase, chloroplastic/mitochondrial; Catalyzes the NAD(+)-dependent oxidation of formate to carbon dioxide. Involved in the cell stress response; Belongs to the D-isomer specific 2-hydroxyacid dehydrogenase family. FDH subfamily. (384 aa) |
| | GSH3 | Probable glutamate dehydrogenase 3; Belongs to the Glu/Leu/Phe/Val dehydrogenases family. (411 aa) |
| | PNC1 | Peroxisomal adenine nucleotide carrier 1; Peroxisomal adenine nucleotide transporter catalyzing the counterexchange of ATP with AMP. ATP is needed by reactions that generate acyl-CoA for peroxisomal fatty acid beta-oxidation during postgerminative growth. Required for the beta-oxidation reactions involved in auxin biosynthesis and for the conversion of seed-reserved triacylglycerols into sucrose that is necessary for growth before the onset of photosynthesis. (322 aa) |
| | PEX12 | Peroxisome biogenesis protein 12; Required for peroxisome biogenesis and for PTS1- and PTS2- dependent protein import into peroxisomes. Essential for the peroxisomal targeting of PEX7. Required for the export/release of receptors on the peroxisome membrane. Acts as an E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase involved in monoubiquitination of PEX5. (393 aa) |
| | LCD | L-cysteine desulfhydrase; Catalyzes the production of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) from cysteine. Is mainly responsible for the degradation of cysteine to generate H2S, a regulator of stomatal movement and closure. Belongs to the class-V pyridoxal-phosphate-dependent aminotransferase family. (454 aa) |
| | CSY2 | Citrate synthase 2, peroxisomal; Peroxisomal citrate synthase required for the fatty acid respiration in seedlings, citrate being exported from peroxisomes into mitochondria during respiration of triacylglycerol (TAG). Indeed, complete respiration requires the transfer of carbon in the form of citrate from the peroxisome to the mitochondria. (514 aa) |
| | TAT | Tyrosine aminotransferase; Transaminase involved in tyrosine breakdown. Converts tyrosine to p-hydroxyphenylpyruvate. Can catalyze the reverse reaction, using L-glutamate in vitro. Can convert phenylalanine to phenylpyruvate and catalyze the reverse reaction in vitro. Belongs to the class-I pyridoxal-phosphate-dependent aminotransferase family. (420 aa) |
| | SDRB | Peroxisomal 2,4-dienoyl-CoA reductase; Auxiliary enzyme of beta-oxidation. Participates in the degradation of unsaturated fatty enoyl-CoA esters having double bonds in both even- and odd-numbered positions in peroxisome. Catalyzes the NADP-dependent reduction of 2,4-dienoyl-CoA to yield trans-3-enoyl-CoA (By similarity). (298 aa) |
| | UGT71B6 | UDP-glycosyltransferase 71B6; Glucosyltransferase that glucosylates the (+) enantiomer of abscisic acid ((+)-ABA). Is not active on structural analogs with alterations to the 8'- and 9'- methyl groups. Belongs to the UDP-glycosyltransferase family. (479 aa) |
| | ETFB | Electron transfer flavoprotein subunit beta, mitochondrial; The electron transfer flavoprotein serves as a specific electron acceptor for several dehydrogenases, including five acyl-CoA dehydrogenases, glutaryl-CoA and sarcosine dehydrogenase. It transfers the electrons to the main mitochondrial respiratory chain via ETF- ubiquinone oxidoreductase (ETF dehydrogenase) (By similarity). Involved in leucine catabolism and in phytol degradation. (251 aa) |
| | GAD5 | Glutamate decarboxylase 5; Catalyzes the production of GABA. The calmodulin-binding is calcium-dependent and it is proposed that this may, directly or indirectly, form a calcium regulated control of GABA biosynthesis (By similarity). (494 aa) |
| | GGAT1 | Glutamate--glyoxylate aminotransferase 1; Catalyzes the glutamate:glyoxylate (GGT or GGAT), alanine:glyoxylate (AGT), alanine:2-oxoglutarate (AKT) and glutamate:pyruvate (GPT) aminotransferase reactions in peroxisomes. Required for abscisic acid (ABA)- and stress-mediated responses in an H(2)O(2)-dependent manner. Functions as a photorespiratory aminotransferase that modulates amino acid content during photorespiration (GGAT activity); promotes serine, glycine and citrulline metabolism in response to light. (481 aa) |
| | GDH3 | Glycine cleavage system H protein 3, mitochondrial; The glycine decarboxylase (GDC) or glycine cleavage system catalyzes the degradation of glycine. The H protein shuttles the methylamine group of glycine from the P protein to the T protein (By similarity); Belongs to the GcvH family. (166 aa) |
| | F24J8.4 | 2-oxoisovalerate dehydrogenase subunit alpha 1, mitochondrial; The branched-chain alpha-keto dehydrogenase complex catalyzes the overall conversion of alpha-keto acids to acyl-CoA and CO(2). It contains multiple copies of three enzymatic components: branched-chain alpha-keto acid decarboxylase (E1), lipoamide acyltransferase (E2) and lipoamide dehydrogenase (E3) (By similarity). Required during sugar starvation. (472 aa) |
| | ACX3.2 | Putative acyl-coenzyme A oxidase 3.2, peroxisomal; Catalyzes the desaturation of acyl-CoAs to 2-trans-enoyl- CoAs. (675 aa) |
| | SHM6 | Serine hydroxymethyltransferase 6; Catalyzes the interconversion of serine and glycine. Belongs to the SHMT family. (599 aa) |
| | CHY1 | 3-hydroxyisobutyryl-CoA hydrolase 1; Involved in valine catabolism. May be indirectly involved in benzoic acid biosynthesis and in cold signaling and cold tolerance. Belongs to the enoyl-CoA hydratase/isomerase family. (378 aa) |
| | ECH2 | Enoyl-CoA hydratase 2, peroxisomal; Bidirectional monofunctional enoyl-CoA hydratase 2 involved in the degradation of even cis-unsaturated fatty acids. Devoid of 3- hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase activity. (309 aa) |
| | ALDH12A1 | Delta-1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate dehydrogenase 12A1, mitochondrial; Plays a role in the inhibition of programmed cell death by converting the toxic proline catabolism intermediate (s)-1-pyrroline-5- carboxylate (P5C) to glutamate; Belongs to the aldehyde dehydrogenase family. (556 aa) |
| | PNC2 | Peroxisomal adenine nucleotide carrier 2; Peroxisomal adenine nucleotide transporter catalyzing the counterexchange of ATP with AMP. ATP is needed by reactions that generate acyl-CoA for peroxisomal fatty acid beta-oxidation during postgerminative growth. Required for the beta-oxidation reactions involved in auxin biosynthesis and for the conversion of seed-reserved triacylglycerols into sucrose that is necessary for growth before the onset of photosynthesis. (321 aa) |
| | CYCLASE1 | Cyclase-like protein 1; Acts as a negative regulator of fumonisin B1- and pathogen- induced programmed cell death (PCD), and regulates pathogen-induced symptom development. May function redundantly with CYCLASE2 for normal plant growth, development and viability (Probable). (255 aa) |
| | AAT1 | Acetyl-CoA acetyltransferase, cytosolic 1. (403 aa) |
| | ELI5 | Tyrosine decarboxylase 1. (490 aa) |
| | PEX6 | Peroxisome biogenesis protein 6; Involved in peroxisomal-targeting signal one (PTS1) and peroxisomal-targeting signal two (PTS2) protein import. Required for jasmonate biosynthesis. Necessary for the developmental elimination of obsolete peroxisome matix proteins. May form heteromeric AAA ATPase complexes required for the import of proteins. May be involved in PEX5 recycling. (941 aa) |
| | THA1 | Probable low-specificity L-threonine aldolase 1; Threonine aldolase involved in threonine degradation to glycine. May play a role in the removal of L-allo-threonine. (358 aa) |
| | F11C18.10 | 3-hydroxyisobutyryl-CoA hydrolase-like protein 2, mitochondrial. (409 aa) |
| | IBR3 | Probable acyl-CoA dehydrogenase IBR3; Involved with IBR1 and IBR10 in the peroxisomal beta- oxidation of indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) to form indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), a biologically active auxin. May be responsible for catalyzing the first step in IBA-CoA beta-oxidation. May play a role in defense response to pathogenic bacteria. (824 aa) |
| | FAH | Fumarylacetoacetase; Converts fumarylacetoacetate to acetoacetate and fumarate. Involved in tyrosine catabolic pathway. Catalyzes the final step in the tyrosine degradation pathway. (421 aa) |
| | T10F18.130 | Ascorbate oxidase-like protein; Belongs to the multicopper oxidase family. (573 aa) |
| | PEX4-2 | Protein PEROXIN-4; Required for peroxisome biogenesis. Necessary for the developmental elimination of obsolete peroxisome matrix proteins. May be involved in the ubiquitination of PEX5, targeting it for recycling. Accepts the ubiquitin from the E1 complex and catalyzes its covalent attachment to other proteins. (157 aa) |
| | KAT1-2 | 3-ketoacyl-CoA thiolase 1, peroxisomal; Involved in fatty-acid beta-oxidation prior to gluconeogenesis during germination and subsequent seedling growth. Implicated in jasmonic acid (JA) biosynthesis (By similarity). Belongs to the thiolase-like superfamily. Thiolase family. (443 aa) |
| | AAE13 | Malonate--CoA ligase; Malonate--CoA ligase that catalyzes the formation of malonyl- CoA directly from malonate and CoA. May be required for the detoxification of malonate; Belongs to the ATP-dependent AMP-binding enzyme family. (608 aa) |
| | F10M23.250 | 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase E2 component (dihydrolipoamide succinyltransferase); The 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase complex catalyzes the overall conversion of 2-oxoglutarate to succinyl-CoA and CO(2). It contains multiple copies of three enzymatic components: 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase (E1), dihydrolipoamide succinyltransferase (E2) and lipoamide dehydrogenase (E3) (By similarity). (464 aa) |
| | SHM7 | Serine hydroxymethyltransferase 7; Catalyzes the interconversion of serine and glycine. Belongs to the SHMT family. (598 aa) |
| | T5E8_100 | 2-oxoisovalerate dehydrogenase subunit alpha 2, mitochondrial; The branched-chain alpha-keto dehydrogenase complex catalyzes the overall conversion of alpha-keto acids to acyl-CoA and CO(2). It contains multiple copies of three enzymatic components: branched-chain alpha-keto acid decarboxylase (E1), lipoamide acyltransferase (E2) and lipoamide dehydrogenase (E3) (By similarity). (472 aa) |
| | T11J7.5 | Probable 3-hydroxyisobutyryl-CoA hydrolase 3; Involved in valine catabolism; Belongs to the enoyl-CoA hydratase/isomerase family. (378 aa) |
| | ABCC2-2 | ABC transporter D family member 2, chloroplastic; Belongs to the ABC transporter superfamily. ABCD family. Peroxisomal fatty acyl CoA transporter (TC 3.A.1.203) subfamily. (706 aa) |
| | ECHIA | Probable enoyl-CoA hydratase 1, peroxisomal; Straight-chain enoyl-CoA thioesters from C4 up to at least C16 are processed, although with decreasing catalytic rate. (265 aa) |
| | POX2 | Proline dehydrogenase 2, mitochondrial; Converts proline to delta-1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate. (476 aa) |
| | T8B10.170 | 3-hydroxyisobutyryl-CoA hydrolase-like protein 1, mitochondrial; Belongs to the enoyl-CoA hydratase/isomerase family. (401 aa) |
| | KAT5 | 3-ketoacyl-CoA thiolase 5, peroxisomal; Probably involved in long chain fatty-acid beta-oxidation prior to gluconeogenesis during germination and subsequent seedling growth. Involved in systemic jasmonic acid (JA) biosynthesis after wounding and may be during senescence. (457 aa) |
| | PED1 | 3-ketoacyl-CoA thiolase 2, peroxisomal; Involved in long chain fatty-acid beta-oxidation prior to gluconeogenesis during germination and subsequent seedling growth. Confers sensitivity to 2,4-dichlorophenoxybutiric acid (2,4-DB). Required for local and systemic induction of jasmonic acid (JA) biosynthesis after wounding. Seems to be involved in JA biosynthesis during senescence. (462 aa) |
| | CYP79B3 | Tryptophan N-monooxygenase 2; Converts tryptophan to indole-3-acetaldoxime, a precursor for tryptophan derived glucosinolates and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA). Belongs to the cytochrome P450 family. (543 aa) |
| | GDH1-2 | Glutamate dehydrogenase 1; Belongs to the Glu/Leu/Phe/Val dehydrogenases family. (411 aa) |
| | MCCA | Methylcrotonoyl-CoA carboxylase subunit alpha, mitochondrial; Biotin-attachment subunit of the 3-methylcrotonyl-CoA carboxylase, an enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of 3- methylcrotonyl-CoA to 3-methylglutaconyl-CoA, a critical step for leucine and isovaleric acid catabolism. (734 aa) |
| | GAD1 | Glutamate decarboxylase 1; Catalyzes the production of GABA. The calmodulin-binding is calcium-dependent and it is proposed that this may, directly or indirectly, form a calcium regulated control of GABA biosynthesis. Belongs to the group II decarboxylase family. (502 aa) |
| | GAD2 | Glutamate decarboxylase 2; Catalyzes the production of GABA. The calmodulin-binding is calcium-dependent and it is proposed that this may, directly or indirectly, form a calcium regulated control of GABA biosynthesis. (494 aa) |
| | GDH2-2 | Glutamate dehydrogenase 2; Belongs to the Glu/Leu/Phe/Val dehydrogenases family. (411 aa) |
| | T11J7.4 | Probable 3-hydroxyisobutyryl-CoA hydrolase 2; Involved in valine catabolism; Belongs to the enoyl-CoA hydratase/isomerase family. (378 aa) |
| | PHYLLO | 2-succinyl-5-enolpyruvyl-6-hydroxy-3-cyclohexene-1-carboxylate synthase; Multifunctional enzyme required for phylloquinone (vitamin K1) biosynthesis; In the N-terminal section; belongs to the isochorismate synthase family. In the 3rd section; belongs to the mandelate racemase/muconate lactonizing enzyme family. MenC type 1 subfamily. (1715 aa) |
| | ALDH6B2 | Methylmalonate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase [acylating], mitochondrial. (607 aa) |
| | HPD | 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase; Belongs to the 4HPPD family. (445 aa) |
| | POX1 | Proline dehydrogenase 1, mitochondrial; Converts proline to delta-1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate. Belongs to the proline oxidase family. (499 aa) |
| | ASN1 | Asparagine synthetase [glutamine-hydrolyzing] 1; Essential for nitrogen assimilation, distribution and remobilization within the plant via the phloem. (584 aa) |
| | ARGAH1 | Arginase 1, mitochondrial; Catalyzes the hydrolysis of L-arginine to urea and L- ornithine. The latter can be utilized in the urea cycle or as a precursor for the synthesis of both polyamines and proline. Possesses agmatinase activity. Catalyzes the formation of putrescine from agmatine. (342 aa) |
| | PAL3 | Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase 3; This is a key enzyme of plant metabolism catalyzing the first reaction in the biosynthesis from L-phenylalanine of a wide variety of natural products based on the phenylpropane skeleton. (694 aa) |
| | PAL2 | Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase 2; This is a key enzyme of plant metabolism catalyzing the first reaction in the biosynthesis from L-phenylalanine of a wide variety of natural products based on the phenylpropane skeleton; Belongs to the PAL/histidase family. (717 aa) |
| | PAL1 | Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase 1; This is a key enzyme of plant metabolism catalyzing the first reaction in the biosynthesis from L-phenylalanine of a wide variety of natural products based on the phenylpropane skeleton; Belongs to the PAL/histidase family. (725 aa) |
| | GDH1 | Glycine cleavage system H protein 1, mitochondrial; The glycine decarboxylase (GDC) or glycine cleavage system catalyzes the degradation of glycine. The H protein shuttles the methylamine group of glycine from the P protein to the T protein; Belongs to the GcvH family. (165 aa) |
| | F3E22.17 | Putative acyl-coenzyme A oxidase At3g06690. (187 aa) |
| | ACX3 | Acyl-coenzyme A oxidase 3, peroxisomal; Catalyzes the desaturation of medium-chain acyl-CoAs to 2- trans-enoyl-CoAs. Active on C8:0- to C14:0-CoA with a maximal activity on C12:0-CoA. (675 aa) |
| | GDH2 | Glycine cleavage system H protein 2, mitochondrial; The glycine decarboxylase (GDC) or glycine cleavage system catalyzes the degradation of glycine. The H protein shuttles the methylamine group of glycine from the P protein to the T protein (By similarity); Belongs to the GcvH family. (156 aa) |
| | CYP79B2 | Tryptophan N-monooxygenase 1; Converts tryptophan to indole-3-acetaldoxime, a precursor for tryptophan-derived glucosinolates and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA). Involved in the biosynthetic pathway to 4-hydroxyindole-3-carbonyl nitrile (4-OH-ICN), a cyanogenic metabolite required for inducible pathogen defense. Belongs to the cytochrome P450 family. (541 aa) |
| | CYP707A2 | Abscisic acid 8'-hydroxylase 2; Involved in the oxidative degradation of abscisic acid, but not in the isomerization of the produced 8'-hydroxyabscisic acid (8'- OH-ABA) to (-)-phaseic acid (PA). Involved in the control of seed dormancy and germination. (482 aa) |
| | HMGCL | Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA lyase, mitochondrial; Involved in the catabolism of branched amino acids such as leucine. (468 aa) |
| | GLDP2 | Glycine dehydrogenase (decarboxylating) 2, mitochondrial; The glycine decarboxylase (GDC) or glycine cleavage system catalyzes the degradation of glycine. The P protein binds the alpha- amino group of glycine through its pyridoxal phosphate cofactor; CO(2) is released and the remaining methylamine moiety is then transferred to the lipoamide cofactor of the H protein (By similarity). (1044 aa) |
| | GDCST | Aminomethyltransferase, mitochondrial; The glycine decarboxylase (GDC) or glycine cleavage system catalyzes the degradation of glycine; Belongs to the GcvT family. (408 aa) |
| | ACX1 | Peroxisomal acyl-coenzyme A oxidase 1; Catalyzes the desaturation of both long- and medium-chain acyl-CoAs to 2-trans-enoyl-CoAs. Most active with C14-CoA. Activity on long-chain mono-unsaturated substrates is 40% higher than with the corresponding saturated substrates. Seems to be an important factor in the general metabolism of root tips. May be involved in the biosynthesis of jasmonic acid. (664 aa) |
| | ACX2 | Acyl-coenzyme A oxidase 2, peroxisomal; Catalyzes the desaturation of long-chain acyl-CoAs to 2- trans-enoyl-CoAs. Active on substrates longer than C14 and mostly with C18-CoA. Activity on long-chain mono-unsaturated substrates is double than with the corresponding saturated substrates. (692 aa) |
| | ECI3 | Enoyl-CoA delta isomerase 3; Able to isomerize both 3-cis and 3-trans double bonds into the 2-trans form in a range of enoyl-CoA species. Essential for the beta oxidation of unsaturated fatty acids. (238 aa) |
| | ECI2 | Enoyl-CoA delta isomerase 2, peroxisomal; Able to isomerize both 3-cis and 3-trans double bonds into the 2-trans form in a range of enoyl-CoA species. Essential for the beta oxidation of unsaturated fatty acids. Involved with IBR1 and IBR3 in the peroxisomal beta-oxidation of indole-3- butyric acid (IBA) to form indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), a biologically active auxin. (240 aa) |
| | SHM4 | Serine hydroxymethyltransferase 4; Catalyzes the interconversion of serine and glycine. (471 aa) |
| | ADC2 | Arginine decarboxylase 2; Required for the biosynthesis of putrescine. Catalyzes the first step of polyamine (PA) biosynthesis to produce putrescine from arginine. Is a major contributor to basal arginine decarboxylase (ADC) activity and putrescine biosynthesis. Accumulation of putrescine plays a positive role in salt stress tolerance. Accumulation of putrescine plays a positive role in freezing tolerance. Production of PA is essential for normal seed development. Controls PA homeostasis which is crucial for normal plant growth and development. Belongs to the Orn/Lys/Arg decarboxylase [...] (711 aa) |
| | BCAT1 | Branched-chain-amino-acid aminotransferase 1, mitochondrial; Converts 2-oxo acids to branched-chain amino acids. Acts on leucine, isoleucine and valine (By similarity); Belongs to the class-IV pyridoxal-phosphate-dependent aminotransferase family. (384 aa) |
| | AGT2 | Alanine--glyoxylate aminotransferase 2 homolog 1, mitochondrial; Belongs to the class-III pyridoxal-phosphate-dependent aminotransferase family. (476 aa) |
