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| | GATA7 | GATA transcription factor 7; Transcriptional activator that specifically binds 5'-GATA-3' or 5'-GAT-3' motifs within gene promoters. May be involved in the regulation of some light-responsive genes (By similarity). Belongs to the type IV zinc-finger family. Class A subfamily. (238 aa) |
| | LNK1 | Protein LNK1; Transcriptional coactivator necessary for expression of the clock genes PRR5 and TOC1. Antagonizes REV8 function in the regulation of anthocyanin accumulation. Involved in red light input to the clock. Activates clock-controlled genes with afternoon peak. Mediates light inhibition of hypocotyl elongation. (616 aa) |
| | CCR4-4 | Carbon catabolite repressor protein 4 homolog 4; Acts as catalytic component of the CCR4-NOT core complex, which in the nucleus seems to be a general transcription factor, and in the cytoplasm the major mRNA deadenylase involved in mRNA turnover (By similarity). Transcriptional regulator of circadian rhythms with poly(A)-degrading activity that affects the expression and rhythmicity of the clock core oscillator genes TOC1 and CCA1. Deadenylation may be a mechanism involved in the regulation of the circadian clock. May play a negative role in response against oxidative stress. Possesses [...] (417 aa) |
| | RVE7 | Protein REVEILLE 7; Transcription factor involved in phytochrome A-mediated cotyledon opening. Controlled by the central oscillator mediated by LHY and CCA1. Part of a regulatory circadian feedback loop. Regulates its own expression. (372 aa) |
| | INVC | Alkaline/neutral invertase C, mitochondrial; Mitochondrial invertase that cleaves sucrose into glucose and fructose and is involved in the regulation of aerial tissue development and floral transition. May be modulating hormone balance in relation to the radicle emergence; Belongs to the glycosyl hydrolase 100 family. (664 aa) |
| | PHL | Protein PHYTOCHROME-DEPENDENT LATE-FLOWERING; Triggers photoperiod-monitored flowering by repressing PHYB- dependent flowering negative regulation, probably through physical interactions with PHYB and CO. (1325 aa) |
| | FIO1 | U6 small nuclear RNA (adenine-(43)-N(6))-methyltransferase; Belongs to the methyltransferase superfamily. METTL16/RlmF family. (513 aa) |
| | LNK2 | Protein LNK2; Transcriptional coactivator necessary for expression of the clock genes PRR5 and TOC1. Antagonizes REV8 function in the regulation of anthocyanin accumulation. Involved in red light input to the clock. Activates clock-controlled genes with afternoon peak. Mediates light inhibition of hypocotyl elongation. Unable to bind to DNA, but recruited to the evening element (EE)-containing region of the PRR5 and TOC1 promoters through its interaction with the DNA binding proteins REV8 and REV4. (663 aa) |
| | MED16 | Mediator of RNA polymerase II transcription subunit 16; Component of the Mediator complex, a coactivator involved in the regulated transcription of nearly all RNA polymerase II-dependent genes. Mediator functions as a bridge to convey information from gene- specific regulatory proteins to the basal RNA polymerase II transcription machinery. The Mediator complex, having a compact conformation in its free form, is recruited to promoters by direct interactions with regulatory proteins and serves for the assembly of a functional preinitiation complex with RNA polymerase II and the general [...] (1278 aa) |
| | RVE2 | Protein REVEILLE 2; Positive regulator for cold-responsive gene expression and cold tolerance. Part of a regulatory feedback loop that controls a subset of the circadian outputs and modulates the central oscillator. Negatively self-regulates its own expression. (287 aa) |
| | NUP205 | Nuclear pore complex protein NUP205; Belongs to the NUP186/NUP192/NUP205 family. (1838 aa) |
| | RVE1 | Protein REVEILLE 1; Morning-phased transcription factor integrating the circadian clock and auxin pathways. Binds to the evening element (EE) of promoters. Does not act within the central clock, but regulates free auxin levels in a time-of-day specific manner. Positively regulates the expression of YUC8 during the day, but has no effect during the night. Negative regulator of freezing tolerance. (387 aa) |
| | ELF4 | Protein EARLY FLOWERING 4; Component of the central CCA1/LHY-TOC1 feedback loop in the circadian clock that promotes clock accuracy and is required for sustained rhythms in the absence of daily light/dark cycles. Part of a corepressor complex consisting of ELF4, ELF3, and LUX involved in the transcriptional regulation of APRR9. Increases ELF3 nuclear distribution and localization in nuclear bodies. Required for responsiveness to continuous red, by regulating phytochrome B (phyB) signaling (including during seedling de-etiolation) and gene expression. Mediates both entrainment to an env [...] (111 aa) |
| | T10P11.10 | Putative serine/threonine protein kinase; Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. (492 aa) |
| | SHM4 | Serine hydroxymethyltransferase 4; Catalyzes the interconversion of serine and glycine. (471 aa) |
| | ATXR3 | Histone-lysine N-methyltransferase ATXR3; Histone methyltransferase specifically required for trimethylation of 'Lys-4' of histone H3 (H3K4me3) and is crucial for both sporophyte and gametophyte development. (2335 aa) |
| | UVR3 | (6-4)DNA photolyase; Involved in repair of UV radiation-induced DNA damage. Catalyzes the photoreactivation of pyrimidine [6-4] pyrimidone photoproduct (6-4 products). Binds specifically to DNA containing 6-4 products and repairs these lesions in a visible light-dependent manner. Not required for repair of cyclobutane pyrimidine dimer (CPD). (556 aa) |
| | ERD7 | Protein EARLY-RESPONSIVE TO DEHYDRATION 7, chloroplastic. (452 aa) |
| | PHOT1 | Phototropin-1; Protein kinase that acts as a blue light photoreceptor in a signal-transduction pathway for photo-induced movements. Phosphorylates BLUS1, a kinase involved in stomatal opening. Required for blue light mediated mRNA destabilization. Mediates calcium spiking of extracellular origin in response to a low rate of blue light. Also mediates rapid membrane depolarization and growth inhibition in response to blue light. Necessary for root phototropism. Involved in hypocotyl phototropism under a low rate but not under a high rate of blue light. Contributes to the chloroplast accu [...] (996 aa) |
| | CKA3 | Casein kinase II subunit alpha-3; Casein kinases are operationally defined by their preferential utilization of acidic proteins such as caseins as substrates. The alpha chain contains the catalytic site. The tetrameric holoenzyme CK2 is composed of two alpha and two beta subunits (By similarity). Acts as circadian clock component that maintains the correct period length through phosphorylation of CCA1. (333 aa) |
| | ARR8 | Two-component response regulator ARR8; Functions as response regulator involved in His-to-Asp phosphorelay signal transduction system. Phosphorylation of the Asp residue in the receiver domain activates the ability of the protein to promote the transcription of target genes. Type-A response regulators seem to act as negative regulators of the cytokinin signaling. (225 aa) |
| | ARR9 | Two-component response regulator ARR9; Functions as response regulator involved in His-to-Asp phosphorelay signal transduction system. Phosphorylation of the Asp residue in the receiver domain activates the ability of the protein to promote the transcription of target genes. Type-A response regulators seem to act as negative regulators of the cytokinin signaling. Belongs to the ARR family. Type-A subfamily. (234 aa) |
| | CKB4 | Putative casein kinase II subunit beta-4; Plays a complex role in regulating the basal catalytic activity of the alpha subunit. The tetrameric holoenzyme CK2, composed of two alpha and two beta subunits, phosphorylates the transcription factor PIF1 after an exposure to light, resulting in a proteasome- dependent degradation of PIF1 and promotion of photomorphogenesis. CK2 phosphorylates translation initiation factors. May participate in the regulation of the initiation of translation. (283 aa) |
| | SKIP | SNW/SKI-interacting protein; Splicing factor involved in post-transcriptional regulation of circadian clock and flowering time genes. Associates with the pre- mRNA of PRR7, PRR9, ELF3 and GI, and is necessary for the regulation of their alternative splicing and mRNA maturation. Probably involved in splice site recognition; Belongs to the SNW family. (613 aa) |
| | EFL1 | Protein ELF4-LIKE 1; Component of the central CCA1/LHY-TOC1 feedback loop in the circadian clock that promotes clock accuracy and is required for sustained rhythms in the absence of daily light/dark cycles. (125 aa) |
| | OHP1 | Light-harvesting complex-like protein OHP1, chloroplastic; May play a photoprotective role in the thylakoid membrane in response to light stress (Probable). Involved in photosystems I (PSI) and II (PSII) core proteins function. (110 aa) |
| | SCL6 | Scarecrow-like protein 6; Probable transcription factor involved in plant development. (558 aa) |
| | RFI2 | E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase RFI2; Mediates phytochrome (phyA and phyB)-controlled seedling deetiolation responses such as hypocotyl elongation in response to red and far-red light. Required for light-induced expression of LHCB3 and CHALCONE SYNTHASE (CHS). Regulates negatively CONSTANS (CO) and FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT) expression and photoperiodic flowering. (358 aa) |
| | COL13 | Zinc finger protein CONSTANS-LIKE 13. (332 aa) |
| | GATA9 | GATA transcription factor 9; Transcriptional activator that specifically binds 5'-GATA-3' or 5'-GAT-3' motifs within gene promoters. May be involved in the regulation of some light-responsive genes (By similarity). Belongs to the type IV zinc-finger family. Class A subfamily. (308 aa) |
| | ARR4 | Two-component response regulator ARR4; Functions as response regulator involved in His-to-Asp phosphorelay signal transduction system. Phosphorylation of the Asp residue in the receiver domain activates the ability of the protein to promote the transcription of target genes. Type-A response regulators seem to act as negative regulators of the cytokinin signaling. Modulates red light signaling through its interaction with the phytochrome B photoreceptor. (259 aa) |
| | ELF3 | Protein EARLY FLOWERING 3; May be a transcription factor part of a circadian clock input pathway. Acts within a 'zeitnehmer' feedback loop and is involved in its own circadian regulation. Has no role in regulating circadian clock function in the dark. Part of a corepressor complex consisting of ELF4, ELF3, and LUX involved in the transcriptional regulation of APRR9. The activity of the protein may be decreased in long day conditions due to its interaction with phytochrome B (phyB). Can regulate the initiation of flowering independently of phyB. Also involved in responses to nematode pa [...] (695 aa) |
| | PHYB | Phytochrome B; Regulatory photoreceptor which exists in two forms that are reversibly interconvertible by light: the Pr form that absorbs maximally in the red region of the spectrum and the Pfr form that absorbs maximally in the far-red region. Photoconversion of Pr to Pfr induces an array of morphogenetic responses, whereas reconversion of Pfr to Pr cancels the induction of those responses. Pfr controls the expression of a number of nuclear genes including those encoding the small subunit of ribulose-bisphosphate carboxylase, chlorophyll A/B binding protein, protochlorophyllide reduct [...] (1172 aa) |
| | FSD1 | Superoxide dismutase [Fe] 1, chloroplastic; Destroys superoxide anion radicals which are normally produced within the cells and which are toxic to biological systems. (212 aa) |
| | GATA12 | GATA transcription factor 12; Transcriptional activator that specifically binds 5'-GATA-3' or 5'-GAT-3' motifs within gene promoters. May be involved in the regulation of some light-responsive genes (By similarity). Transcription activator involved in xylem formation. Functions upstream of NAC030/VND7, a master switch of xylem vessel differentiation ; Belongs to the type IV zinc-finger family. Class A subfamily. (331 aa) |
| | CCA1 | Protein CCA1; Transcription factor involved in the circadian clock and in the phytochrome regulation. Binds to the promoter regions of APRR1/TOC1 and TCP21/CHE to repress their transcription. Binds to the promoter regions of CAB2A and CAB2B to promote their transcription. Represses both LHY and itself. (608 aa) |
| | PHOT2 | Phototropin-2; Protein kinase that acts as a blue light photoreceptor in a signal-transduction pathway for photo-induced movements. Phosphorylates BLUS1, a kinase involved in stomatal opening. Mediates calcium spiking of extra- and intracellular origins in response to blue light. Involved in hypocotyl phototropism. Contributes to the chloroplast accumulation in low blue light and mediates their translocation (avoidance response) at high fluence. Regulates stomata opening and photomorphogenesis response of leaf tissue. Not involved in hypocotyl elongation inhibition, anthocyanin accumul [...] (915 aa) |
| | RBG7 | Glycine-rich RNA-binding protein 7; Plays a role in RNA transcription or processing during stress. Binds RNAs and DNAs sequence with a preference to single- stranded nucleic acids. Displays strong affinity to poly(U) and poly(G) sequence. Involved in mRNA alternative splicing of numerous targets by modulating splice site selection. Negatively regulates the circadian oscillations of its own transcript as well as RBG8 transcript. Forms an interlocked post-transcriptional negative feedback loop with the RBG8 autoregulatory circuit. Both proteins negatively autoregulate and reciprocally cr [...] (176 aa) |
| | RD29A | Low-temperature-induced 78 kDa protein; Involved in responses to abiotic stresses. Regulates probably root elongation in cold conditions ; Belongs to the LTI78/LTI65 family. (710 aa) |
| | MIP1A | B-box domain protein 30; Developmental regulator acting by forming heterodimeric complexes, that sequester CO and CO-like (COL) proteins into non- functional complexes. Engages CO and the transcriptional repressor TPL in a tripartite complex. Involved in the CO-mediated long-day flowering-promotion pathway. (117 aa) |
| | KAT2 | Potassium channel KAT2; Highly selective inward-rectifying potassium channel. This voltage-dependent channel could mediate long-term potassium influx into guard cells leading to stomatal opening. Assuming opened or closed conformations in response to the voltage difference across the membrane, the channel is activated by hyperpolarization. The channel activity is enhanced upon external acidification. (697 aa) |
| | LWD2 | WD repeat-containing protein LWD2; Clock protein essential for the proper expression phase and period length of both the oscillator and output genes known to participate in photoperiod sensing. Required for the expression of APRR9, APRR7, and APRR5. Regulated by APRR9 and APRR7 at the transcriptional level, indicating the existence of a positive feedback loop within the circadian clock. (346 aa) |
| | COR15A | Protein COLD-REGULATED 15A, chloroplastic; Exhibits cryoprotective activity toward stromal substrates (e.g. LDH and rubisco) in chloroplasts and in protoplasts and confers freezing tolerance to plants in a CBF-dependent manner. Protectant against various stresses (e.g. cold, drought and heat stress) by preventing protein aggregation (e.g. LDH) and attenuating enzyme inactivation. Influences the intrinsic curvature of the inner membrane of the chloroplast envelope, and modulates the freeze-induced lamellar-to-hexagonal II phase transitions that occur in regions where the plasma membrane [...] (139 aa) |
| | PER21 | Peroxidase 21; Removal of H(2)O(2), oxidation of toxic reductants, biosynthesis and degradation of lignin, suberization, auxin catabolism, response to environmental stresses such as wounding, pathogen attack and oxidative stress. These functions might be dependent on each isozyme/isoform in each plant tissue; Belongs to the peroxidase family. Classical plant (class III) peroxidase subfamily. (327 aa) |
| | CRY1 | Cryptochrome-1; Photoreceptor that mediates primarily blue light inhibition of hypocotyl elongation and photoperiodic control of floral initiation, and regulates other light responses, including circadian rhythms, tropic growth, stomata opening, guard cell development, root development, bacterial and viral pathogen responses, abiotic stress responses, cell cycles, programmed cell death, apical dominance, fruit and ovule development, seed dormancy, and magnetoreception. Photoexcited cryptochromes interact with signaling partner proteins to alter gene expression at both transcriptional a [...] (681 aa) |
| | PER71 | Peroxidase 71; Removal of H(2)O(2), oxidation of toxic reductants, biosynthesis and degradation of lignin, suberization, auxin catabolism, response to environmental stresses such as wounding, pathogen attack and oxidative stress. These functions might be dependent on each isozyme/isoform in each plant tissue; Belongs to the peroxidase family. Classical plant (class III) peroxidase subfamily. (328 aa) |
| | PER50 | Peroxidase 50; Removal of H(2)O(2), oxidation of toxic reductants, biosynthesis and degradation of lignin, suberization, auxin catabolism, response to environmental stresses such as wounding, pathogen attack and oxidative stress. These functions might be dependent on each isozyme/isoform in each plant tissue. (329 aa) |
| | EFL4 | Protein ELF4-LIKE 4; Component of the central CCA1/LHY-TOC1 feedback loop in the circadian clock that promotes clock accuracy and is required for sustained rhythms in the absence of daily light/dark cycles. Belongs to the EARLY FLOWERING 4 family. (114 aa) |
| | GATA21 | GATA transcription factor 21; Transcriptional regulator that specifically binds 5'-GATA-3' or 5'-GAT-3' motifs within gene promoters. Involved in the modulation of chloroplast development, growth and division in a cytokinin-dependent manner. Repressor of the gibberellic acid (GA) signaling pathway that represses flowering and modulates greening, in a SOC1-dependent manner. Prevents the accumulation of SOC1 during flowering. Promotes chlorophyll biosynthesis throughout the plant, by regulating chlorophyll biosynthetic genes (e.g. HEMA1 and GUN4) and chloroplast localized glutamate synth [...] (398 aa) |
| | T5L19.100 | Transmembrane protein. (250 aa) |
| | APRR5 | Two-component response regulator-like APRR5; Transcriptional repressor of CCA1 and LHY, thereby controlling photoperiodic flowering response. Involved in the positive and negative feedback loops of the circadian clock. With RVE8, forms a negative feedback loop of the circadian clock. Expression of several members of the ARR-like family is controlled by circadian rhythm. Proteolytic substrate of the E3 ubiquitin ligase SCF(ADO1) complex. APRR9, APRR7, and APRR5 coordinately act on the upstream region of the target genes to repress their expression from noon until midnight. The particula [...] (558 aa) |
| | RVE4 | Protein REVEILLE 4; Probable transcription factor. (293 aa) |
| | LHY | Protein LHY; Transcription factor involved in the circadian clock. Binds to the promoter region of APRR1/TOC1 and TCP21/CHE to repress their transcription. Represses both CCA1 and itself. (645 aa) |
| | SRF3 | Protein STRUBBELIG-RECEPTOR FAMILY 3; Not essential for epidermal patterning and not redundant with STRUBBELIG; Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. Ser/Thr protein kinase family. (776 aa) |
| | FIM1 | Fimbrin-1; Cross-links actin filaments (F-actin) in a calcium independent manner. Induces the formation of actin aggregates. Stabilizes and prevents F-actin depolymerization mediated by profilin. Key regulator of actin cytoarchitecture, probably involved in cell cycle, cell division, cell elongation and cytoplasmic tractus. (687 aa) |
| | PEX11E | Peroxisomal membrane protein 11E; Involved in peroxisomal proliferation. Promotes peroxisomal duplication, aggregation or elongation without fission. Belongs to the peroxin-11 family. (231 aa) |
| | ARC5 | Dynamin-like protein ARC5; Probable GTPase component of both plastid and peroxisme division machinery. Required for the last steps of plastid division specifically in mesophyll-cell, when the narrow isthmus breaks, facilitating the separation of the daughter plastids. Necessary for peroxisome activities. Seems to influence stromule (stroma-filled tubular extensions of the plastid envelope membrane) length and frequency. Belongs to the TRAFAC class dynamin-like GTPase superfamily. Dynamin/Fzo/YdjA family. (777 aa) |
| | F16F14.15 | F-box protein At2g16365. (778 aa) |
| | SWEET17 | Bidirectional sugar transporter SWEET17; Acts as a vacuolar hexose transporter. Regulates fructose (Fru) homeostasis in leaves and roots by exporting/importing Fru through the tonoplast regarding metabolic demand. (241 aa) |
| | JMJ14 | Probable lysine-specific demethylase JMJ14; Transcriptional repressor. Histone demethylase that demethylates 'Lys-4' (H3K4me) of histone H3 with a higher activity for H3K4me3 and H3K4me2 than H3K4me1. No activity on H3K9me3/2, H3K36me3/2 and H3K27me3/2. Represses FT and TSF expression to inhibit the floral transition. Binds around the transcription start site of the FT locus. Involved in the DRM2-mediated maintenance of DNA methylation, but not required for the de novo DNA methylation. Required for demethylating histone H3K4me3 at the target of RNA silencing. Together with NAC051/NAC05 [...] (954 aa) |
| | MLE2.7 | UPF0235 protein At5g63440; May play a role during early embryonic development. Probably involved in pre-mRNA splicing (By similarity); Belongs to the UPF0235 family. (232 aa) |
| | SRR1 | Protein SENSITIVITY TO RED LIGHT REDUCED 1; Probable regulator involved in a circadian clock input pathway, which is required for normal oscillator function. Regulates the expression of clock-regulated genes such as CCA1 and TOC1. Involved in both the phytochrome B (PHYB) and PHYB-independent signaling pathways. (275 aa) |
| | SCAB3 | Stomatal closure-related actin-binding protein 3; Probable plant-specific actin binding protein that bundles and stabilizes microfilaments (MFs). (490 aa) |
| | XCT | Protein XAP5 CIRCADIAN TIMEKEEPER; Involved in light regulation of the circadian clock and photomorphogenesis. May play a global role in coordinating growth in response to the light environment. Acts as a light quality sensor directing both negative and positive transcriptional regulation. Inhibits growth in red light but promote growth in blue light. Inhibits clock gene expression in diurnal cycles. Plays no role in the control of flowering time. (337 aa) |
| | GATA3 | GATA transcription factor 3; Transcriptional activator that specifically binds 5'-GATA-3' or 5'-GAT-3' motifs within gene promoters. May be involved in the regulation of some light-responsive genes. Belongs to the type IV zinc-finger family. Class A subfamily. (269 aa) |
| | APRR9 | Two-component response regulator-like APRR9; Transcriptional repressor of CCA1 and LHY, and positive regulator of LWD1 and LWD2 expression. Controls photoperiodic flowering response and temperature compensation. Involved in the positive and negative feedback loops of the circadian clock. Expression of several members of the ARR-like family is controlled by circadian rhythm. Regulated at the transcriptional level by a corepressor complex consisting of ELF4, ELF3, and LUX. APRR9, APRR7, and APRR5 coordinately act on the upstream region of the target genes to repress their expression from [...] (468 aa) |
| | COR27 | Cold-regulated protein 27; Together with COR28, involved in central circadian clock regulation and in flowering promotion, by binding to the chromatin of clock-associated evening genes TOC1, PRR5, ELF4 and cold-responsive genes in order to repress their transcription. Negative regulator of freezing tolerance. (246 aa) |
| | COR28 | Cold-regulated protein 28; Together with COR27, involved in central circadian clock regulation and in flowering promotion, by binding to the chromatin of clock-associated evening genes TOC1, PRR5, ELF4 and cold-responsive genes in order to repress their transcription. Negative regulator of freezing tolerance. (218 aa) |
| | GATA1 | GATA transcription factor 1; Transcriptional activator that specifically binds 5'-GATA-3' or 5'-GAT-3' motifs within gene promoters. May be involved in the regulation of some light-responsive genes. (274 aa) |
| | T4P13.26 | Lysine-tRNA ligase. (455 aa) |
| | JMJ30 | Lysine-specific demethylase JMJ30; Histone demethylase that demethylates 'Lys-36' (H3K36me) of histone H3 with a specific activity for H3K36me3 and H3K36me2. No activity on H3K36me1. Involved in the control of flowering time by demethylating H3K36me2 at the FT locus and repressing its expression. Acts within the central clock. Works in concert with TOC1 to promote the morning-phased clock genes CCA1 and LHY which function as components of the central oscillator. (429 aa) |
| | RVE8 | Protein REVEILLE 8; Transcriptional activator of evening element (EE)-containing clock-controlled genes. Forms a negative feedback loop with APRR5. Regulates the pattern of histone H3 acetylation of the TOC1 promoter. (298 aa) |
| | EFL3 | Protein ELF4-LIKE 3; Component of the central CCA1/LHY-TOC1 feedback loop in the circadian clock that promotes clock accuracy and is required for sustained rhythms in the absence of daily light/dark cycles. (109 aa) |
| | ADO2 | Adagio protein 2; Component of an E3 ubiquitin ligase complex that plays a central role in blue light-dependent circadian cycles. Acts as a blue light photoreceptor, due to the presence of FMN, that mediates light- regulated protein degradation of critical clock components by targeting them to the proteasome complex. The SCF(ADO2) E3 ubiquitin ligase complex is involved in the regulation of circadian clock-dependent processes including the transition to flowering time, hypocotyl elongation, cotyledons and leaf movement rhythms. APRR1/TOC1 and APRR5 seem to be substrates of the SCF(ADO2 [...] (611 aa) |
| | APRR7 | Two-component response regulator-like APRR7; Transcriptional repressor of CCA1 and LHY, and positive regulator of LWD1 and LWD2 expression. Represses the expression of other clock proteins and master regulators of plant growth, development and response to abiotic stress. Involved in the positive and negative feedback loops of the circadian clock. Controls photoperiodic flowering response and temperature compensation. Expression of several members of the ARR-like family is controlled by circadian rhythm. APRR9, APRR7, and APRR5 coordinately act on the upstream region of the target genes [...] (727 aa) |
| | ABC1K8 | Protein ACTIVITY OF BC1 COMPLEX KINASE 8, chloroplastic; Involved in resistance to oxidative stress (e.g. hydrogen peroxide H(2)O(2)), high light and heavy metals (e.g. cadmium ions Cd(2+)). Influences responses to reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Together with SIA1, regulates iron distribution within the chloroplast and mediates the oxidative stress response. Together with ABC1K7, influences chloroplast lipid synthesis/accumulation and modulates chloroplast membrane composition in response to stress. (761 aa) |
| | BT2 | BTB/POZ and TAZ domain-containing protein 2; May act as a substrate-specific adapter of an E3 ubiquitin- protein ligase complex (CUL3-RBX1-BTB) which mediates the ubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation of target proteins. Plays a key role as a component of the TAC1-mediated telomerase activation pathway certainly by targeting a telomerase repressor to degradation. Seems to occupy an integral position in a complex signaling network that perceives, integrates, and responds to multiple, and sometimes competing, signals. Enhances responses to auxin in postgermination and veg [...] (364 aa) |
| | EFL2 | Protein ELF4-LIKE 2; Component of the central CCA1/LHY-TOC1 feedback loop in the circadian clock that promotes clock accuracy and is required for sustained rhythms in the absence of daily light/dark cycles. Belongs to the EARLY FLOWERING 4 family. (119 aa) |
| | ADO1 | Adagio protein 1; Component of an E3 ubiquitin ligase complex that plays a central role in blue light-dependent circadian cycles. Acts as a blue light photoreceptor, due to the presence of FMN, that mediates light- regulated protein degradation of critical clock components by targeting them to the proteasome complex. The SCF(ADO1) E3 ubiquitin ligase complex is involved in the regulation of circadian clock-dependent processes including the transition to flowering time, hypocotyl elongation, cotyledons and leaf movement rhythms. APRR1/TOC1 and APRR5, but not 'GIGANTEA', are proteolytic [...] (609 aa) |
| | PCC1 | Cysteine-rich and transmembrane domain-containing protein PCC1; Modulates resistance against pathogens including oomycetes (e.g. Hyaloperonospora parasitica and Phytophthora brassicae) and fungi (e.g. Phytophthora brassicae). Controls the abscisic acid-mediated (ABA) signaling pathways. Regulator of the flowering time in response to stress (e.g. UV-C). Regulates polar lipid content; promotes phosphatidylinositol (PI) and 18:0 but prevents 18:2 and 18:3 polar lipids accumulation; Belongs to the CYSTM1 family. (81 aa) |
| | PHR1 | Protein PHOSPHATE STARVATION RESPONSE 1; Transcription factor involved in phosphate starvation signaling. Binds as a dimer to P1BS, an imperfect palindromic sequence 5'-GNATATNC-3', to promote the expression of inorganic phosphate (Pi) starvation- responsive genes. SPX1 is a competitive inhibitor of this DNA-binding. PHR1 binding to its targets is low Pi-dependent. Regulates the expression of miR399. Regulates the expression of IPS1 (At3g09922), a non-coding RNA that mimics the target of miR399 to block the cleavage of PHO2 under Pi-deficient conditions. Regulates lipid remodeling and [...] (409 aa) |
| | TIC | Protein TIME FOR COFFEE; Regulator of normal clock function. Acts in the mid to late night. Contributes to the amplitude of circadian clocks. May act on the transcriptional induction of LATE ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL (LHY). Inhibits MYC2 protein accumulation, acting as a negative factor in the JA- signaling pathway. (1550 aa) |
| | SPY | Probable UDP-N-acetylglucosamine--peptide N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase SPINDLY; Probable O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase (OGT) involved in various processes such as gibberellin (GA) signaling pathway and circadian clock. OGTs catalyze the addition of nucleotide- activated sugars directly onto the polypeptide through O-glycosidic linkage with the hydroxyl of serine or threonine. Probably acts by adding O-linked sugars to yet unknown proteins. Acts as a repressor of GA signaling pathway to inhibit hypocotyl elongation. Functions with GIGANTEA (GI) in pathways controlling flow [...] (914 aa) |
| | LIR1 | Light-regulated protein 1, chloroplastic; Thylakoid-determinant subunit of high molecular weight LFNRs- containing protein complexes. (141 aa) |
| | PER11 | Peroxidase 11; Removal of H(2)O(2), oxidation of toxic reductants, biosynthesis and degradation of lignin, suberization, auxin catabolism, response to environmental stresses such as wounding, pathogen attack and oxidative stress. These functions might be dependent on each isozyme/isoform in each plant tissue; Belongs to the peroxidase family. Classical plant (class III) peroxidase subfamily. (336 aa) |
| | CRY2 | Cryptochrome-2; Photoreceptor that mediates primarily blue light inhibition of hypocotyl elongation and photoperiodic control of floral initiation, and regulates other light responses, including circadian rhythms, tropic growth, stomata opening, guard cell development, root development, bacterial and viral pathogen responses, abiotic stress responses, cell cycles, programmed cell death, apical dominance, fruit and ovule development, seed dormancy, and magnetoreception. Photoexcited cryptochromes interact with signaling partner proteins to alter gene expression at both transcriptional a [...] (612 aa) |
| | LIP1-3 | Small GTPase LIP1; Functional small GTPase that acts as a negative factor controlling the light-dependent period shortening of circadian rhythms and light-induced phase resetting during the subjective night. May protect the clock from excessive or mistimed light. Suppresses red and blue light-mediated photomorphogenesis and is required for light-controlled inhibition of endoreplication and tolerance to salt stress. The entrainment of the circadian clock is independent from the other pleiotropic effects. Could be a regulator of seedling establishment. (342 aa) |
| | F5D21.4 | F-box/kelch-repeat protein At1g51550. (478 aa) |
| | BHLH80 | Transcription factor bHLH80. (259 aa) |
| | TCP15 | Transcription factor TCP15; Transcription factor involved the regulation of plant development. Together with TCP14, modulates plant stature by promoting cell division in young internodes. Represses cell proliferation in developing leaf blade and specific floral tissues. Together with TCP15, acts downstream of gibberellin (GA), and the stratification pathways that promote seed germination. Involved in the control of cell proliferation at the root apical meristem (RAM) by regulating the activity of CYCB1-1. Acts together with SPY to promote cytokinin responses that affect leaf shape and [...] (325 aa) |
| | ADO3 | Adagio protein 3; Component of an E3 ubiquitin ligase complex that plays a central role in blue light-dependent circadian cycles. Acts as a blue light photoreceptor, due to the presence of FMN, that mediates light- regulated protein degradation of critical clock components by targeting them to the proteasome complex. The SCF(ADO3) E3 ubiquitin ligase complex is involved in the regulation of circadian clock-dependent processes including transition to flowering time, hypocotyl elongation, cotyledons and leaf movement rhythms. Forms a complex with 'GIGANTEA' (GI) to regulate 'CONSTANS' (C [...] (619 aa) |
| | WNK1 | Serine/threonine-protein kinase WNK1; Regulates flowering time by modulating the photoperiod pathway. Phosphorylates APRR3. (700 aa) |
| | DSP4-2 | Phosphoglucan phosphatase DSP4, chloroplastic; Starch granule-associated phosphoglucan phosphatase involved in the control of starch accumulation. Acts as major regulator of the initial steps of starch degradation at the granule surface. Functions during the day by dephosphorylating the night-accumulated phospho- oligosaccharides. Can release phosphate from both the C6 and the C3 positions, but dephosphorylates preferentially the C6 position. (379 aa) |
| | NFXL2 | NF-X1-type zinc finger protein NFXL2; Probable transcriptional regulator. May mediate E2- or E3- dependent ubiquitination. Required to gate light sensitivity during the night. Regulates the speed of the clock by acting in the feedback loop between CCA1, LHY and APRR1/TOC1. Promotes the expression of CCA1 at night but not by days. This activational effect is enhanced by interaction with ADO1/ZTL. Association with ADO1/ZTL is not leading to the degradation of NFXL2. Confers sensitivity to osmotic stress such as high salinity. Prevents H(2)O(2) production and abscisic acid accumulation. P [...] (883 aa) |
| | LNK4 | Protein LNK4; Probable transcriptional coactivator. (274 aa) |
| | TCP21 | Transcription factor TCP21; Transcription factor involved in the regulation of the circadian clock. Acts as a repressor of CCA1 by binding to its promoter. No binding to the LHY promoter. (239 aa) |
| | SPT | Transcription factor SPATULA; Transcription factor that plays a role in floral organogenesis. Promotes the growth of carpel margins and of pollen tract tissues derived from them. (373 aa) |
| | TBL10 | Protein trichome birefringence-like 10; May act as a bridging protein that binds pectin and other cell wall polysaccharides. Probably involved in maintaining esterification of pectins (By similarity). May be involved in the specific O-acetylation of cell wall polymers (By similarity). Belongs to the PC-esterase family. TBL subfamily. (469 aa) |
| | LNK3 | Protein LNK3; Probable transcriptional coactivator. (269 aa) |
| | FHY3 | Protein FAR-RED ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL 3; Transcription activator that recognizes and binds to the DNA consensus sequence 5'-CACGCGC-3'. Activates the expression of FHY1 and FHL involved in light responses. When associated with PHYA, protects it from being recognized and degraded by the COP1/SPA complex. Positive regulator of chlorophyll biosynthesis via the activation of HEMB1 gene expression. Belongs to the FHY3/FAR1 family. (839 aa) |
| | APRR1 | Two-component response regulator-like APRR1; Controls photoperiodic flowering response. Component of the circadian clock. Expression of several members of the ARR-like family is controlled by circadian rhythm. The particular coordinated sequential expression of APRR9, APRR7, APRR5, APRR3 and APPR1 result to circadian waves that may be at the basis of the endogenous circadian clock. Positive regulator of CCA1 and LHY expression. (618 aa) |
| | LWD1 | WD repeat-containing protein LWD1; Clock protein essential for the proper expression phase and period length of both the oscillator and output genes known to participate in photoperiod sensing. Required for the expression of APRR9, APRR7, and APRR5. Regulated by APRR9 and APRR7 at the transcriptional level, indicating the existence of a positive feedback loop within the circadian clock. May function to delay the expression of the morning genes until dawn approaches. (346 aa) |
| | MIP1B | B-box domain protein 31; Developmental regulator acting by forming heterodimeric complexes, that sequester CO and CO-like (COL) proteins into non- functional complexes. Involved in the CO-mediated long-day flowering-promotion pathway. Engages CO and the transcriptional repressor TPL in a tripartite complex (By similarity). Involved in the CO-mediated long-day flowering-promotion pathway. (121 aa) |
| | BOA | Transcription factor BOA; Transcription factor that is a critical component of the regulatory circuit of the circadian clock. Binds to specific sites on CCA1 promoter leading to CCA1 activation. Is required for the rhythmic expression of other clock genes such as LHY, GI and APRR1/TOC1. (298 aa) |
| | NANA | Aspartic proteinase NANA, chloroplast; Aspartic proteinase that can use azocasein as substrate and regulates endogenous sugar levels (e.g. sucrose, glucose and fructose) by modulating starch accumulation and remobilization. Involved in the maintenance of the shoot apical meristem (SAM). Influences general morphology and development. (461 aa) |
| | CYP72A8 | Cytochrome P450, family 72, subfamily A, polypeptide 8; Belongs to the cytochrome P450 family. (515 aa) |
| | APRR3 | Two-component response regulator-like APRR3; Controls photoperiodic flowering response. Component of the circadian clock. Controls the degradation of APRR1/TOC1 by the SCF(ZTL) complex. Expression of several members of the ARR-like family is controlled by circadian rhythm. The particular coordinated sequential expression of APRR9, APRR7, APRR5, APRR3 and APPR1 result to circadian waves that may be at the basis of the endogenous circadian clock. (495 aa) |
| | PAR2 | Transcription factor PAR2; Atypical bHLH transcription factor that acts as negative regulator of a variety of shade avoidance syndrome (SAS) responses, including seedling elongation and photosynthetic pigment accumulation. Acts as direct transcriptional repressor of two auxin-responsive genes, SAUR15 and SAUR68. May function in integrating shade and hormone transcriptional networks in response to light and auxin changes. (118 aa) |
| | F27K19_140 | Haloacid dehalogenase-like hydrolase (HAD) superfamily protein. (305 aa) |
| | CSP41A | Chloroplast stem-loop binding protein of 41 kDa a, chloroplastic; Binds and cleaves RNA, particularly in stem-loops. Associates with pre-ribosomal particles in chloroplasts, and participates in chloroplast ribosomal RNA metabolism, probably during the final steps of 23S rRNA maturation. May enhance transcription by the plastid- encoded polymerase and translation in plastid via the stabilization of ribosome assembly intermediates. Required for chloroplast integrity. Involved in the regulation of the circadian system. Belongs to the NAD(P)-dependent epimerase/dehydratase family. (406 aa) |
| | F14F18.220 | Protein BIG GRAIN 1-like D; Involved in auxin transport. Regulator of the auxin signaling pathway; Belongs to the BIG GRAIN 1 (BG1) plant protein family. (362 aa) |
| | SMXL2 | Protein SMAX1-LIKE 2; Probable component of a transcriptional corepressor complex that acts specifically in the karrikin pathway. Controls seedling growth redundantly with SMAX1, but is not involved in leaf morphology, shoot branching or germination control. (924 aa) |
| | STN7 | Serine/threonine-protein kinase STN7, chloroplastic; Serine/threonine protein kinase required for state transition by phosphorylating light-harvesting complex II outer antennae (LCHII). State transition plays a central role in response to environmental changes and allows to adjust to changing light conditions via the redistribution of light excitation energy between photosystem II (PSII) and photosystem I (PSI). Phosphorylates the minor light harvesting protein LHCB4.2/CP29 and is involved in the light-dependent phosphorylation of TSP9. Acts as a key component of the long-term response [...] (562 aa) |
| | CCR1-2 | Cinnamoyl-CoA reductase 1; Involved in the latter stages of lignin biosynthesis. Catalyzes one of the last steps of monolignol biosynthesis, the conversion of cinnamoyl-CoAs into their corresponding cinnamaldehydes. (344 aa) |
| | CALS11 | Callose synthase 11; Required the formation of the callose wall separating the tetraspores (interstitial wall), but not for the callose wall surrounding the pollen mother cells (peripheral wall). Functionally redudant to CALS12 (GSL5). During plant growth and development, callose is found as a transitory component of the cell plate in dividing cells, is a major component of pollen mother cell walls and pollen tubes, and is found as a structural component of plasmodesmatal canals. (1768 aa) |
| | CSP41B | Chloroplast stem-loop binding protein of 41 kDa b, chloroplastic; Binds and cleaves RNA, particularly in stem-loops. Associates with pre-ribosomal particles in chloroplasts, and participates in chloroplast ribosomal RNA metabolism, probably during the final steps of 23S rRNA maturation. May enhance transcription by the plastid- encoded polymerase and translation in plastid via the stabilization of ribosome assembly intermediates. Required for chloroplast integrity. Involved in the regulation of the circadian system. Involved in the regulation of heteroglycans and monosaccharide mobiliz [...] (378 aa) |
| | CCR2-2 | Cinnamoyl-CoA reductase 2; Cinnamoyl-CoA reductase probably involved in the formation of phenolic compounds associated with the hypersensitive response. Seems not to be involved in lignin biosynthesis. Belongs to the NAD(P)-dependent epimerase/dehydratase family. Dihydroflavonol-4-reductase subfamily. (332 aa) |
| | ARR5 | Two-component response regulator ARR5; Functions as response regulator involved in His-to-Asp phosphorelay signal transduction system. Phosphorylation of the Asp residue in the receiver domain activates the ability of the protein to promote the transcription of target genes. Type-A response regulators seem to act as negative regulators of the cytokinin signaling. Belongs to the ARR family. Type-A subfamily. (184 aa) |
| | SIC | Protein SICKLE; Involved in miRNAs and siRNAs biogenesis and thus promotes gene silencing. Modulates auxin (IAA) transport- related developmental programs by regulating protein phosphatase 2A (PP2As)-driven auxin efflux carrier PIN proteins recycling and polarity. Required during development. Necessary for abiotic stress (e.g. chilling and salt) tolerance. (319 aa) |
| | PER42 | Peroxidase 42; Removal of H(2)O(2), oxidation of toxic reductants, biosynthesis and degradation of lignin, suberization, auxin catabolism, response to environmental stresses such as wounding, pathogen attack and oxidative stress. These functions might be dependent on each isozyme/isoform in each plant tissue. (330 aa) |
| | FER | Receptor-like protein kinase FERONIA; Receptor-like protein kinase that mediates the female control of male gamete delivery during fertilization, including growth cessation of compatible pollen tubes ensuring a reproductive isolation barriers, by regulating MLO7 subcellular polarization upon pollen tube perception in the female gametophyte synergids. Required for cell elongation during vegetative growth, mostly in a brassinosteroids- (BR-) independent manner. Acts as an upstream regulator for the Rac/Rop-signaling pathway that controls ROS-mediated root hair development. Seems to regul [...] (895 aa) |
| | TCP11 | Transcription factor TCP11. (188 aa) |
| | PARG1 | Poly(ADP-ribose) glycohydrolase 1; Poly(ADP-ribose) synthesized after DNA damage is only present transiently and is rapidly degraded by poly(ADP-ribose) glycohydrolase (By similarity). Involved in establishing period length of the circadian oscillator. May regulate post-translational poly(ADP- ribosyl)ation of an oscillator component. (548 aa) |
| | LUX | Transcription factor LUX; Transcription factor that is essential for the generation of the circadian clock oscillation. Is necessary for activation of CCA1 and LHY expression. Is coregulated with TOC1 and seems to be repressed by CCA1 and LHY by direct binding of these proteins to the evening element in the LUX promoter. Directly regulates the expression of PRR9, a major component of the morning transcriptional feedback circuit, by binding specific sites on PRR9 promoter. Binds to its own promoter, inducing a negative auto-regulatory feedback loop within the core clock. Binds to ELF3 a [...] (323 aa) |
| | GI | Protein GIGANTEA; Involved in regulation of circadian rhythm and photoperiodic flowering. May play a role in maintenance of circadian amplitude and period length. Is involved in phytochrome B signaling. Stabilizes ADO3 and the circadian photoreceptor ADO1/ZTL. Regulates 'CONSTANS' (CO) in the long-day flowering pathway by modulating the ADO3-dependent protein stability of CDF1 and CDF2, but is not essential to activate CO transcription. Regulates, via the microRNA miR172, a CO-independent pathway that promotes photoperiodic flowering by inducing 'FLOWERING LOCUS T'. (1173 aa) |
| | COL9 | Zinc finger protein CONSTANS-LIKE 9; Belongs to the CONSTANS family. (372 aa) |
| | PTAC16 | Protein PLASTID TRANSCRIPTIONALLY ACTIVE 16, chloroplastic; Probably involved in the regulation of plastid gene expression; Belongs to the NAD(P)-dependent epimerase/dehydratase family. (510 aa) |
| | VIL2 | VIN3-like protein 2; Maybe involved in both the vernalization and photoperiod pathways by regulating gene expression. Binds preferentially to dimethylated histone H3 'Lys-9' (H3K9me2). Promotes flowering in non- inductive photoperiods (e.g. short days) through the maintenance of the epigenetically repressed state of MAF5 via H3K9me2 and plant homeodomain / polycomb repressive complex 2 (PHD-PRC2)-dependent H3K27me3. (714 aa) |
| | GATA8 | GATA transcription factor 8; Transcriptional activator that specifically binds 5'-GATA-3' or 5'-GAT-3' motifs within gene promoters. May be involved in the regulation of some light-responsive genes (By similarity). Belongs to the type IV zinc-finger family. Class A subfamily. (322 aa) |
| | GATA22 | Putative GATA transcription factor 22; Transcriptional regulator that specifically binds 5'-GATA-3' or 5'-GAT-3' motifs within gene promoters. Involved in the modulation of chloroplast development, growth and division in a cytokinin-dependent manner. Repressor of the gibberellic acid (GA) signaling pathway that regulates flowering and modulates greening, in a SOC1-dependent manner. Prevents the accumulation of SOC1 during flowering. Promotes chlorophyll biosynthesis throughout the plant, by regulating chlorophyll biosynthetic genes (e.g. HEMA1 and GUN4) and chloroplast localized glutam [...] (352 aa) |
| | SHM1 | Serine hydroxymethyltransferase 1, mitochondrial; Functions in the photorespiratory pathway in catalyzing the interconversion of serine and glycine. Involved in controlling cell damage caused by abiotic stress, such as high light and salt and the hypersensitive defense response of plants. Belongs to the SHMT family. (517 aa) |
| | ARR3 | Two-component response regulator ARR3; Functions as response regulator involved in His-to-Asp phosphorelay signal transduction system. Phosphorylation of the Asp residue in the receiver domain activates the ability of the protein to promote the transcription of target genes. Type-A response regulators seem to act as negative regulators of the cytokinin signaling. (231 aa) |
