Your Input: | |
| | PYL8 | Abscisic acid receptor PYL8; Receptor for abscisic acid (ABA) required for ABA-mediated responses such as stomatal closure and germination inhibition. Inhibits the activity of group-A protein phosphatases type 2C (PP2Cs) in an ABA- independent manner but more efficiently when activated by ABA. Confers enhanced sensitivity to ABA. Can be activated by both (-)-ABA and (+)-ABA. Mediates crosstalk between ABA and auxin signaling to regulate lateral root growth. Required for lateral root growth suppression by ABA. In response to auxin, promotes lateral root growth by enhancing MYB77- depend [...] (188 aa) |
| | S-RBP11 | Small RNA-binding protein 11, chloroplastic; Probable RNA-binding protein that may be involved in salt and oxidative stress tolerance. (146 aa) |
| | MYB44 | Transcription factor MYB44; Transcription factor. Represses the expression of protein phosphatases 2C in response to abscisic acid (ABA). Confers resistance to abiotic stresses dependent of ABA. In response to auxin, activates the transcription of the auxin-responsive gene IAA19. The IAA19 transcription activation by MYB44 is enhanced by direct interaction between MYB44 and PYL8. Transcriptional activator of WRKY70 by direct binding to its promoter region, especially at 5'-TAACNG-3' and 5'-CNGTTA-3' symmetric motifs. Activates salicylic acid (SA)- mediated defenses and subsequent resis [...] (305 aa) |
| | SCL28-2 | Scarecrow-like protein 28; Probable transcription factor involved in plant development. Belongs to the GRAS family. (658 aa) |
| | SARD1 | Protein SAR DEFICIENT 1; Transcription activator that binds DNA in a sequence-specific manner, 5'-GAAATTTTGG-3', to promote the expression of target genes. Recruited to the promoter of ICS1 and other defense-related genes (e.g. PR1 and SID2) in response to both biotic (e.g. Pseudomonas syringae pv. maculicola ES4326) and abiotic stresses (e.g. UV-B), thus triggering slow defense responses by stimulating salicylic acid (SA) biosynthesis. Required for basal and systemic acquired resistance to P. syringae pv. maculicola and Hyaloperonospora arabidopsidis. Belongs to the plant ACBP60 prote [...] (451 aa) |
| | CDKD-2 | Cyclin-dependent kinase D-2; Forms a stable complex with cyclin CYCH1-1 that phosphorylates human CDK2 and the C-terminal domain (CTD) of the large subunit of RNA polymerase II. (348 aa) |
| | AE7 | Protein AE7; Central member of the cytosolic iron-sulfur (Fe-S) protein assembly (CIA) pathway. Involved in leaf polarity formation. Promotes leaf adaxial identity. May play a role in the cell cycle progression and is required for cell proliferation. (157 aa) |
| | CAR2 | Protein C2-DOMAIN ABA-RELATED 2; Stimulates the GTPase/ATPase activities of Obg-like ATPases (By similarity). Mediates the transient calcium-dependent interaction of PYR/PYL/RCAR abscisic acid (ABA) receptors with the plasma membrane and thus regulates ABA sensitivity (By similarity). (174 aa) |
| | IOS1 | LRR receptor-like serine/threonine-protein kinase IOS1; Regulates negatively the abscisic acid (ABA) signaling pathway. Required for full susceptibility to filamentous (hemi)biotrophic oomycetes (e.g. H.arabidopsidis and P.parasitica) and fungal (e.g. E.cruciferarum) pathogens, probably by triggering the repression of ABA-sensitive COLD REGULATED and RESISTANCE TO DESICCATION genes during infection, but independently of immune responses. Involved in BAK1- dependent and BAK1-independent microbe-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs)-triggered immunity (PTI) leading to defense responses, [...] (894 aa) |
| | GLR3.3 | Glutamate receptor 3.3; Glutamate-gated receptor that probably acts as non-selective cation channel, at least in roots and hypocotyls. Can be triggered by Ala, Asn, Cys, Glu, Gly, Ser and glutathione (a tripeptide consisting of Glu-Gly-Cys). Mediates leaf-to-leaf wound signaling. May be involved in light-signal transduction and calcium homeostasis via the regulation of calcium influx into cells. (933 aa) |
| | MOS2 | Protein MOS2; Required for innate and induced resistance to pathogens such as compatible and incompatible isolates of P.syringae and P.parasitica. Belongs to the MOS2 family. (462 aa) |
| | MYB20 | Transcription factor MYB20; Transcription factor that acts as positive regulator of abscisic acid (ABA) signaling in response to salt stress. Acts as negative regulator ABI1, ABI2 and PP2CA, which are protein phosphatases 2C acting as negative regulator of ABA signaling. Binds to the DNA specific sequence and core element 5'-ACGT-3' found in the promoters of ABI1 and PP2CA to negatively regulate their expression during ABA- dependent salt stress response. (282 aa) |
| | CAR3 | Protein C2-DOMAIN ABA-RELATED 3; Stimulates the GTPase/ATPase activities of Obg-like ATPases (By similarity). Mediates the transient calcium-dependent interaction of PYR/PYL/RCAR abscisic acid (ABA) receptors with the plasma membrane and thus regulates ABA sensitivity (By similarity). (168 aa) |
| | PLDDELTA | Phospholipase D delta; Hydrolyzes glycerol-phospholipids at the terminal phosphodiesteric bond to generate phosphatidic acids (PA). May be involved in PA accumulation in the dehydration stress response and in the transduction of hormonal and environmental signals to the microtubules cytoskeleton. Prefers phosphatidylethanolamine to phosphatidylcholine as substrate. Involved in H(2)O(2) and abscisic acid (ABA)-induced stomatal closure. Involved in nitric oxide (NO) signaling during stomatal closure. Plays a positive role in ABA-promoted senescence. Involved in basal defense and nonhost [...] (868 aa) |
| | RACK1B | Receptor for activated C kinase 1B; Minor component of the RACK1 regulatory proteins that play a role in multiple signal transduction pathways. Involved in multiple hormone responses and developmental processes. MAPK cascade scaffolding protein involved in the protease IV and ArgC signaling pathway but not the flg22 pathway. Belongs to the WD repeat G protein beta family. Ribosomal protein RACK1 subfamily. (326 aa) |
| | BBX24 | B-box zinc finger protein 24; Acts as negative regulator of seedling photomorphogenesis and light-regulated inhibition of hypocotyl elongation. BBX24/STO and BBX25/STH function as transcriptional corepressors of HY5 activity, leading to the down- regulation of BBX22 expression. BBX24/STO acts additively with BBX25/STH during de-etiolation and the hypocotyl shade avoidance response. Functions as negative regulator of photomorphogenic UV-B responses by interacting with both COP1 and HY5. May act as a transcription factor in the salt-stress response. (248 aa) |
| | MYB124 | Transcription factor MYB124; Transcription factor that binds to DNA in promoters cis- regulatory element 5'-GGCGCGC-3' of cell cycle genes, including cyclins, cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs), and components of the pre- replication complex. Binds to DNA in promoters cis-regulatory element 5'-AGCCG-3' of auxin regulated genes (e.g. PIN3 and PIN7). Together with FAMA and MYB88, ensures that stomata contain just two guard cells (GCs) by enforcing a single symmetric precursor cell division before stomatal maturity. Represses the expression of the mitosis-inducing factors CDKB1-1 and CDKA-1, [...] (436 aa) |
| | F10M10.12-2 | Receptor protein kinase-like protein At4g34220; Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. (757 aa) |
| | PCC1 | Cysteine-rich and transmembrane domain-containing protein PCC1; Modulates resistance against pathogens including oomycetes (e.g. Hyaloperonospora parasitica and Phytophthora brassicae) and fungi (e.g. Phytophthora brassicae). Controls the abscisic acid-mediated (ABA) signaling pathways. Regulator of the flowering time in response to stress (e.g. UV-C). Regulates polar lipid content; promotes phosphatidylinositol (PI) and 18:0 but prevents 18:2 and 18:3 polar lipids accumulation; Belongs to the CYSTM1 family. (81 aa) |
| | PLIP3 | Phospholipase A1 PLIP3, chloroplastic; Sn-1-specific phospholipase A1 that catalyzes the initial step of oxylipins and jasmonate (JA) biosynthesis. Hydrolyzes polyunsaturated acyl groups preferentially from chloroplastic phosphatidylglycerol (PG). May function downstream of abscisic acid (ABA), and provide a link between ABA-mediated abiotic stress responses and oxylipin and JA signalings. In vitro, possesses broad substrate specificity. Can hydrolyze the galactolipids monogalactosyldiacylglycerol (MGDG) and digalactosyldiacylglycerol (DGDG), the sulfolipid sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycero [...] (649 aa) |
| | SRK2E | Serine/threonine-protein kinase SRK2E; Activator of the abscisic acid (ABA) signaling pathway that regulates numerous ABA responses, such as stomata closure in response to drought, darkness, high CO(2), plant pathogens, or decreases in atmospheric relative humidity (RH). Involved in the resistance to drought by avoiding water loss. Required for the stomata closure mediated by pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMPs) (e.g. flg22 and LPS) of pathogenic bacteria such as P.syringae pv. tomato (Pst) and E.coli O157:H7. As a plant defense process, stomata are closed transiently in order [...] (362 aa) |
| | GID1C | Gibberellin receptor GID1C; Functions as soluble gibberellin (GA) receptor. GA is an essential hormone that regulates growth and development in plants. Binds with high affinity the biologically active gibberellin GA4, but has no affinity for the biologically inactive GAs. In response to GA, interacts with specific DELLA proteins, known as repressors of GA- induced growth, and targets them for degradation via proteasome. Seems to be required for GA signaling that controls root growth, seed germination and stem elongation. Partially redundant with GID1A and GID1B; Belongs to the 'GDXG' l [...] (344 aa) |
| | AIRP1 | E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase AIRP1; Possesses E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase activity in vitro when associated with the E2 enzyme UBC8 in vitro. Plays combinatory roles with AIRP2 in the positive regulation of the abscisic acid-mediated drought stress response. (153 aa) |
| | LOL1 | Protein LOL1; Positive regulator of reactive oxygen-induced cell death. May be involved in the repression of the copper/zinc superoxide dismutase CSD1 and CSD2 that detoxify accumulating superoxide before the reactive oxygen species (ROS) can trigger a cell death cascade. LSD1 and LOL1 have antagonistic effects on CSD1 and CSD2 accumulation to regulate oxidative stress-induced cell death. (154 aa) |
| | F4N2.12 | Protein BIG GRAIN 1-like E; Involved in auxin transport. Regulator of the auxin signaling pathway; Belongs to the BIG GRAIN 1 (BG1) plant protein family. (321 aa) |
| | SINAT6 | Probable inactive E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase SINAT6; Probable inactive E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that plays a role in regulation of autophagy. Upon starvation, involved in maintaining ATG6 homeostasis by competitively associating with ATG6, a component of the autophagosome complex. Acts as positive regulator of drought stress response. Functions as positive regulator of abscisic acid-mediated stomatal closure. Belongs to the SINA (Seven in absentia) family. (216 aa) |
| | SEH1 | Protein SEH1; Required for proper export of mRNAs from the nucleus to the cytoplasm; Belongs to the WD repeat SEC13 family. (326 aa) |
| | TCP2 | Transcription factor TCP2; Plays a pivotal role in the control of morphogenesis of shoot organs by negatively regulating the expression of boundary-specific genes such as CUC genes, probably through the induction of miRNA (e.g. miR164). Participates in ovule develpment. Participates in ovule develpment. Promotes light- regulated transcription of CHS, CAB, HYH and HY5. Regulates positively photomorphogenesis (e.g. hypocotyl elongation inhibition and cotyledon opening in response to blue light). (365 aa) |
| | RIN3 | E3 ubiquitin protein ligase RIN3; E3 ubiquitin protein ligase that acts as positive regulator of RPM1- and RPS2-dependent hypersensitive response (HR), in association with RIN2. Probably not required for RPM1 degradation during HR. (577 aa) |
| | MYB33 | Transcription factor MYB33; Transcriptional activator of alpha-amylase expression that binds to 5'-CAACTGTC-3' motif in target gene promoter. Positive regulator of abscisic acid (ABA) responses leading to growth arrest during seed germination. In vegetative tissues, inhibits growth by reducing cell proliferation. Promotes the expression of aleurone-related genes (e.g. CP1, CP, GASA1, BXL1 and BXL2) in seeds. Together with MYB65 and MYB101, promotes the programmed cell death (PCD) the vacuolation of protein storage vacuoles (PSVs) in the aleurone layers during seed germination. Binds to [...] (520 aa) |
| | RIN2 | E3 ubiquitin protein ligase RIN2; E3 ubiquitin protein ligase that acts as positive regulator of RPM1- and RPS2-dependent hypersensitive response (HR), in association with RIN3. Probably not required for RPM1 degradation during HR. (578 aa) |
| | Q8VYB9_ARATH | Transcription factor jumonji (JmjC) domain-containing protein. (840 aa) |
| | EXO70H1 | Exocyst complex component EXO70H1; Component of an exocyst subcomplex specifically involved in autophagy-related, Golgi-independent membrane traffic to the vacuole. Regulates autophagosome formation and autophagy-related Golgi- independent import into the vacuole (By similarity). Involved in defense responses to pathogenic bacteria (e.g. P.syringae pv. maculicola). (636 aa) |
| | ACIP1 | Ankyrin repeat 30A-like protein (DUF662). (178 aa) |
| | CHR11 | ISWI chromatin-remodeling complex ATPase CHR11; Possesses intrinsic ATP-dependent nucleosome-remodeling activity. Constitutes the catalytic subunit of several complexes capable of forming ordered nucleosome arrays on chromatin (By similarity). Involved in the formation of nucleosome distribution patterns. Involved in nuclear proliferation during megagametogenesis and cell expansion in the sporophyte. Required for the maintenance of the plant vegetative phase. In association with RLT1 or RLT2 may prevent the early activation of the vegetative-to-reproductive transition by regulating key [...] (1056 aa) |
| | YAK1 | Dual specificity protein kinase YAK1 homolog; Dual specificity protein kinase that phosphorylates ANN1, ANN2 and CP29B at serine and threonine residues, and ANN1, ANN2 and ANN4 at tyrosine residues. May regulate the phosphorylation status of annexin proteins. Acts as positive regulator in abscisic acid (ABA)-mediated regulation of postgermination growth and drought response. May regulate the expression of ABA-responsive genes such as RD22, RD29A, LTI65/RD29B and RAB18. (956 aa) |
| | ACD6 | Protein ACCELERATED CELL DEATH 6; Dose-dependent activator of the defense response against virulent pathogens, including bacteria, fungi and oomycetes, that acts in a positive feedback loop with the defense signal salicylic acid (SA). Regulates the salicylic acid (SA) signaling pathway leading to cell death and modulating cell fate (e.g. cell enlargement and/or cell division). In response to SA signaling, triggers the accumulation of FLS2 at the plasma membrane, thus priming defenses. Involved in SA-dependent freezing signaling and tolerance. (670 aa) |
| | NUP96 | Nuclear pore complex protein NUP96; Contributes to the transfer of mature mRNA from the nucleus to the cytosol. Required for both R gene-mediated and basal disease resistance. RNA export seems to play a critical role in stress responses and regulation of plant growth and development. (1046 aa) |
| | MKS1 | Protein MKS1; Regulator of plant defense response. May contribute to MPK4- regulated defense activation by coupling the kinase to specific WRKY transcription factors. (222 aa) |
| | BDG1 | Probable lysophospholipase BODYGUARD 1; Controls cuticle development and morphogenesis, by promoting cutin and suberin monomers loading. Involved in the regulation of abscissic acid (ABA) biosynthesis in response to osmotic stress. Plays an important role in osmotic stress and drought resistance. Required to ensure a reduced permeability of aerial tissue, thus preventing transpiration. Regulates lateral root hair development. (469 aa) |
| | BRN1 | RNA-binding protein BRN1; RNA-binding protein involved in the regulation of flowering time. Acts as repressor of the activity of SOC1, a transcriptional activator of flowering time. Binds to the 3'-UTR of SOC1 mRNA in the cytoplasm and participates in SOC1 mRNA decay, mediated by the distal region of the SOC1 3'-UTR. Acts as positive regulator of salicylic acid (SA)-mediated immunity. May act on SA signaling- related genes at a post-transcriptional level. (441 aa) |
| | CLE25 | CLAVATA3/ESR (CLE)-related protein 25; Extracellular signal peptide that regulates cell fate. Represses root apical meristem maintenance. Belongs to the CLV3/ESR signal peptide family. (81 aa) |
| | TAP46 | PP2A regulatory subunit TAP46; Involved in the positive regulation of the TOR signaling pathway. Acts as a negative regulator of PP2A catalytic activity. Plays a positive role in the ABA-regulated inhibition of germination, probably throught its interaction with ABI5. Belongs to the IGBP1/TAP42 family. (405 aa) |
| | SPX1 | SPX domain-containing protein 1; Plays a positive role in plant adaptation to phosphate starvation. Inhibits PHR1 DNA-binding activity in a Pi-dependent manner. (256 aa) |
| | F15H18.5 | Transmembrane Fragile-X-F-associated protein. (467 aa) |
| | RGLG5 | E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase RGLG5; Together with RGLG1, mediates the ubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation of the target protein PP2CA. Functions as positive regulator of abscisic acid (ABA) signaling through ABA-dependent degradation of PP2CA, a major inhibitor of ABA signaling. (433 aa) |
| | F28N24.23 | Bet1-like protein At1g29060; Required for vesicular transport from the ER to the Golgi complex. Functions as a SNARE associated with ER-derived vesicles (By similarity); Belongs to the BET1 family. (134 aa) |
| | Q8L923_ARATH | At3g14395. (75 aa) |
| | Q8L8N5_ARATH | RNA-binding protein-like protein. (242 aa) |
| | T7H20.10 | RING/U-box superfamily protein. (426 aa) |
| | NFYC9 | Nuclear transcription factor Y subunit C-9; Stimulates the transcription of various genes by recognizing and binding to a CCAAT motif in promoters (By similarity). Interacts with REF6 to directly regulate SOC1 transcription in response to flowering signals from photoperiod and gibberellic acid pathways. (231 aa) |
| | BEE1 | Transcription factor BEE 1; Positive regulator of brassinosteroid signaling. (260 aa) |
| | MMS21 | E3 SUMO-protein ligase MMS21; E3 SUMO-protein ligase that modulates cell cycle progression and functions as a repressor of endocycle onset in meristems. May function downstream of the meristem patterning transcription factors PLETHORA 1 and 2 (PLT1 and PLT2) in root meristem development. Modulates the expression of the mitotic cyclins CYCB1-1 and CYCB1-2 and cyclin-dependent kinases CDKB1-1 and CDKB2-1 in root meristem. Involved in cytokinin signaling in root development. Belongs to the NSE2 family. (249 aa) |
| | CRK45 | Cysteine-rich receptor-like protein kinase 45; Forms a complex with CRK36 that may negatively control abscisic acid (ABA) and osmotic stress signal transduction. Involved in plant response to ABA during seed germination, early seedling growth and responses to abiotic stresses by inducing the expression of ABA-responsive genes and stress-inducible genes. Acts as positive regulator in disease resistance, downstream of NPR1 and WRKY70. Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. Ser/Thr protein kinase family. CRK subfamily. (351 aa) |
| | HDA15 | Histone deacetylase 15; Responsible for the deacetylation of lysine residues on the N-terminal part of the core histones (H2A, H2B, H3 and H4). Histone deacetylation gives a tag for epigenetic repression and plays an important role in transcriptional regulation, cell cycle progression and developmental events. Histone deacetylases act via the formation of large multiprotein complexes (By similarity). (552 aa) |
| | PMRT15 | Protein arginine N-methyltransferase 1.5; Methylates arginine residues of myelin basic protein (MBP) in vitro. Methylates symmetrically histone H4 of the FLC chromatin to form H4R3me2s, which in turn suppresses FLC expression to induce flowering. Regulates alternative splicing by methylating spliceosomal proteins. Involved in the post-transcriptional regulation of the circadian clock. Belongs to the class I-like SAM-binding methyltransferase superfamily. Protein arginine N-methyltransferase family. (642 aa) |
| | MLE2.7 | UPF0235 protein At5g63440; May play a role during early embryonic development. Probably involved in pre-mRNA splicing (By similarity); Belongs to the UPF0235 family. (232 aa) |
| | CERK1 | Chitin elicitor receptor kinase 1; Lysin motif (LysM) receptor kinase that functions as a cell surface receptor in chitin elicitor (chitooligosaccharides) signaling leading to innate immunity toward both biotic and abiotic stresses (e.g. tolerance to salinity, heavy-metal stresses, and Botrytis cinerea infection). Recognizes microbe-derived N-acetylglucosamine (NAG)- containing ligands. Involved in the resistance to pathogenic fungi Alternaria brassicicola and Erysiphe cichoracearum, probably by sensing microbe-associated molecular patterns (MAMP) and pathogen-associated molecular patt [...] (617 aa) |
| | CPSF30 | 30-kDa cleavage and polyadenylation specificity factor 30; Component of the cleavage and polyadenylation specificity factor (CPSF) complex that play a key role in pre-mRNA 3'-end formation. May interact with poly(A) polymerase and other factors to bring about cleavage and poly(A) addition (By similarity). Mediates poly(A) site selection. Binds RNA in a calcium- dependent manner. Exhibits endonuclease activity with an ability to nick and degrade linear as well as circular single-stranded RNA that leaves RNA 3' ends with hydroxyl groups, thus mediating processing of the pre-mRNA as a pre [...] (631 aa) |
| | F12F1.17 | CSC1-like protein At1g11960; Acts as an osmosensitive calcium-permeable cation channel. Belongs to the CSC1 (TC 1.A.17) family. (771 aa) |
| | GHR1 | LRR receptor-like serine/threonine-protein kinase GHR1; Receptor kinase acting as an early component in abscisic acid (ABA) signaling. Required for darkness, ABA, high CO(2) and hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) induction of S-type anion currents in guard cells leading to stomatal closure, possibly via the phosphorylation and activation of the anion channel SLAC1 and as a scaffolding component. Seems to act in parallel with SRK2E/OST1 in the ABA signaling pathway which regulates stomatal movement. Binds ATP. Involved in the local and/or systemic stomatal responses (e.g. stomatal closure) to [...] (1053 aa) |
| | LIG6 | DNA ligase 6; DNA ligase that seals nicks in double-stranded DNA during DNA replication, DNA recombination and DNA repair (Probable). Required to maintain seed viability (e.g. longevity and storability) and during seed germination, probably by repairing DNA damage accumulated during seed development, storage and/or imbibition. Facilitates seed germination in cold conditions (2 degrees Celsius) and under oxidative stress (e.g. menadione, a genotoxic agent). Involved in repair of X- ray-induced damage ; Belongs to the ATP-dependent DNA ligase family. (1396 aa) |
| | RBA1 | Disease resistance protein RBA1; Disease resistance (R) protein that specifically recognizes the HopBA1 type III effector protein from P.syringae, and triggers cell death. Acts as a NAD(+) hydrolase (NADase): in response to pathogen-recognition, catalyzes cleavage of NAD(+) into ADP-D-ribose (ADPR) and nicotinamide; NAD(+) cleavage triggering a defense system that promotes cell death. In addition to ADPR, also generates a cyclization variant of cyclic ADPR (cADPR), termed v-cADPR, for which the cyclizing bond is unknown. Also able to hydrolyze NADP(+), but not other NAD(+)-related molecules. (363 aa) |
| | RAF11 | PAS domain-containing protein tyrosine kinase family protein. (765 aa) |
| | PLIP2 | Phospholipase A1 PLIP2, chloroplastic; Sn-1-specific phospholipase A1 that catalyzes the initial step of oxylipins and jasmonate (JA) biosynthesis. Hydrolyzes polyunsaturated acyl groups preferentially from chloroplastic monogalactosyldiacylglycerol (MGDG). May function downstream of abscisic acid (ABA) and provide a link between ABA-mediated abiotic stress responses and oxylipin and JA signalings. In vitro, possesses broad substrate specificity. Can hydrolyze the galactolipids monogalactosyldiacylglycerol (MGDG) and digalactosyldiacylglycerol (DGDG), the sulfolipid sulfoquinovosyldiac [...] (713 aa) |
| | ELP2 | Elongator complex protein 2; Component of the RNA polymerase II elongator complex, a multiprotein complex associated with the RNA polymerase II (Pol II) holoenzyme, and which is involved in transcriptional elongation (By similarity). The elongator complex catalyzes formation of carboxymethyluridine in the wobble base at position 34 in tRNAs (By similarity). Promotes organs development by modulating cell division rate. Prevents abscisic acid (ABA) signaling leading to stomatal closure and seedling growth inhibition. Involved in oxidative stress signaling. Prevents anthocyanins accumulat [...] (838 aa) |
| | SHW1 | Protein SHORT HYPOCOTYL IN WHITE LIGHT 1; Negative regulator of photomorphogenesis modulating both light and abscisic acid (ABA) signaling pathways. Regulates negatively the light- mediated inhibition of hypocotyl elongation, probably in a PHYB- mediated signaling pathway, but promotes flowering time (especially in long days) and lateral root formation. Enhances light-regulated gene expression. Promotes COP1-mediated degradation of HY5 during seedling development (e.g. hypocotyl growth) through enhanced ubiquitination in the darkness. Also involved in root gravitropism. (192 aa) |
| | F14N23.18 | Nucleolar GTP-binding protein 1; Involved in the biogenesis of the 60S ribosomal subunit. Belongs to the TRAFAC class OBG-HflX-like GTPase superfamily. OBG GTPase family. NOG subfamily. (687 aa) |
| | RIC3 | CRIB domain-containing protein RIC3; Functions as downstream effector of Rho-related GTP binding proteins of the 'Rho of Plants' (ROPs) family. Participates in the propagation of ROP GTPase signals in specific cellular responses. Functions as downstream effector of ARAC11/ROP1 to activate calcium signaling that leads to F-actin disassembly associated with exocytosis in the tip of the growing pollen tube. Counteracts the ARAC11/ROP1-RIC4 pathway, which promotes apical F-actin assembly associated with vesicle accumulation, to control actin dynamics and pollen tube apical growth. (220 aa) |
| | LYK3 | LysM domain receptor-like kinase 3; Putative Lysin motif (LysM) receptor kinase that may recognize microbe-derived N-acetylglucosamine (NAG)-containing ligands. Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. Ser/Thr protein kinase family. (651 aa) |
| | IBS1 | Protein IMPAIRED IN BABA-INDUCED STERILITY 1; Required for beta-aminobutyric acid (BABA)-induced resistance (BABA-IR) against bacteria (e.g. P.syringae) and oomycetes (e.g. H.parasitica) via priming for salicylate (SA)-dependent defense responses such as pathogenesis-related PR-1 gene expression and trailing necrosis. Involved in BABA-mediated sterility. Necessary for the inheritance of BABA-priming to next generation, especially for the primed to be primed phenotype which consists in an enhanced second BABA-priming in transgenerationally primed plants. (709 aa) |
| | F5O11.24 | F-box associated ubiquitination effector family protein. (352 aa) |
| | NAC013 | NAC domain-containing protein 13; Transcriptional activator activated by proteolytic cleavage through regulated intramembrane proteolysis (RIP). Involved in oxidative stress tolerance by mediating regulation of mitochondrial retrograde signaling during mitochondrial dysfunction. Interacts directly with the mitochondrial dysfunction DNA consensus motif 5'- CTTGNNNNNCA[AC]G-3', a cis-regulatory elements of several mitochondrial retrograde regulation-induced genes, and triggers increased oxidative stress tolerance. (528 aa) |
| | FGT1 | Protein FORGETTER 1; Required for normal embryo development. Necessary to acquire heat stress (HS) memory, by modulating nucleosome occupancy and regulating heat-induced gene expression. Associates globally with the nucleosome-poor regions flanking the transcription units of expressed genes. Binds to the promoter regions, primarily to the proximal promoter just upstream of the transcriptional start sites (TSS) and somewhat more weakly to the region downstream of the transcription termination site (TTS), of actively expressed genes (e.g. HSA32, HSP18.2 and HSP22.0) in a heat- dependent [...] (1295 aa) |
| | PTAC12 | Protein PLASTID TRANSCRIPTIONALLY ACTIVE 12, chloroplastic; Involved in plastid gene expression. Required in the nucleus for the initiation of photomorphogenesis mediated by phytochromes (PHYs) (e.g. PHYA and PHYB) by mediating PHYs localization to photobodies, especially in response to red and far-red light, and implicating phytochrome nuclear bodies as sites of proteolysis for PHYs and PIFs proteins (e.g. PIF1 and PIF3). Acts downstream of PHYs and upstream of DET1. (527 aa) |
| | MYB88 | Transcription factor MYB88; Transcription factor that binds to DNA in promoters cis- regulatory element 5'-GGCGCGC-3' of cell cycle genes, including cyclins, cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs), and components of the pre- replication complex. Binds to DNA in promoters cis-regulatory element 5'-AGCCG-3' of auxin regulated genes (e.g. PIN3 and PIN7). Together with FAMA and MYB124, ensures that stomata contain just two guard cells (GCs) by enforcing a single symmetric precursor cell division before stomatal maturity. Represses the expression of the mitosis-inducing factors CDKB1-1 and CDKA-1, [...] (484 aa) |
| | RPP1 | Probable disease resistance protein RPP1; TIR-NB-LRR receptor-like protein that confers resistance to the pathogen Hyaloperonospora arabidopsis (By similarity). Probably acts as a NAD(+) hydrolase (NADase): in response to activation, catalyzes cleavage of NAD(+) into ADP-D-ribose (ADPR) and nicotinamide; NAD(+) cleavage triggering a defense system that promotes cell death. (1194 aa) |
| | F4J8A2_ARATH | Glycosyltransferase family protein. (273 aa) |
| | VIP1 | Inositol hexakisphosphate and diphosphoinositol-pentakisphosphate kinase VIP1; Bifunctional inositol kinase that acts in concert with the IP6K kinases to synthesize the diphosphate group-containing inositol pyrophosphates diphosphoinositol pentakisphosphate, PP-InsP5, and bis- diphosphoinositol tetrakisphosphate, (PP)2-InsP4. PP-InsP5 and (PP)2- InsP4, also respectively called InsP7 and InsP8, may regulate a variety of cellular processes, including apoptosis, vesicle trafficking, cytoskeletal dynamics, and exocytosis. Phosphorylates inositol hexakisphosphate (InsP6) at positions 1 or 3 [...] (1050 aa) |
| | MED16 | Mediator of RNA polymerase II transcription subunit 16; Component of the Mediator complex, a coactivator involved in the regulated transcription of nearly all RNA polymerase II-dependent genes. Mediator functions as a bridge to convey information from gene- specific regulatory proteins to the basal RNA polymerase II transcription machinery. The Mediator complex, having a compact conformation in its free form, is recruited to promoters by direct interactions with regulatory proteins and serves for the assembly of a functional preinitiation complex with RNA polymerase II and the general [...] (1278 aa) |
| | NTL9 | Protein NTM1-like 9; Transcriptional activator activated by proteolytic cleavage through regulated intramembrane proteolysis (RIP). Calmodulin-regulated transcriptional repressor. Binds several synthetic promoters with randomly selected binding sites. Functions synergistically with SNI1 as negative regulator of pathogen-induced PR1 expression and basal resistance to a virulent strain of P.syringae. Binds directly to the promoter of the PR1 gene. Acts as positive regulator of innate immunity. Involved in the effector-triggered immunity (ETI) induction of immunity-related gene expression [...] (512 aa) |
| | PQT3 | E3 ubiquitin ligase PARAQUAT TOLERANCE 3; E3 ubiquitin ligase acting as a negative regulator of oxidative stress tolerance, probably by mediating 26S proteasome- mediated degradation of PRMT13/PRMT4B, thus preventing APX1 and GPX1 accumulation via the reduction of histone H3 methylation (H3R17me2a). Confers sensitivity to cadmium CdCl(2) and salt NaCl stresses. (826 aa) |
| | MORC3 | Protein MICRORCHIDIA 3; Exhibits ATPase activity. Binds DNA/RNA in a non-specific manner and exhibits endonuclease activity. Probably involved in DNA repair. Involved in RNA-directed DNA methylation (RdDM) as a component of the RdDM machinery and required for gene silencing. May also be involved in the regulation of chromatin architecture to maintain gene silencing. (589 aa) |
| | MORC7 | Protein MICRORCHIDIA 7; Exhibits ATPase activity. Binds DNA/RNA in a non-specific manner and exhibits endonuclease activity. Probably involved in DNA repair. Involved in RNA-directed DNA methylation (RdDM) as a component of the RdDM machinery and required for gene silencing. May also be involved in the regulation of chromatin architecture to maintain gene silencing. Together with MORC4, acts to suppress a wide set of non- methylated protein-coding genes, especially involved in pathogen response. Positive regulators of defense against the oomycete Hyaloperonospora arabidopsidis (Hpa). (707 aa) |
| | F26P21.90 | BRISC/BRCA1-A complex protein. (638 aa) |
| | CHR17 | ISWI chromatin-remodeling complex ATPase CHR17; Possesses intrinsic ATP-dependent nucleosome-remodeling activity. Constitutes the catalytic subunit of several complexes capable of forming ordered nucleosome arrays on chromatin (By similarity). Involved in the formation of nucleosome distribution patterns. Required for the maintenance of the plant vegetative phase. In association with RLT1 or RLT2 may prevent the early activation of the vegetative-to-reproductive transition by regulating key genes that contribute to flower timing, such as FT, SEP1, SEP3, AGL8/FUL, SOC1 and FLC. Necessar [...] (1069 aa) |
| | CIP1 | COP1-interactive protein 1; Positive regulator of abscisic acid (ABA)-mediated signaling pathways involved in abiotic stress responses (e.g. osmotic stress) and leading to various plant adaptation (e.g. stomata closure). (1586 aa) |
| | MORC5 | Protein MICRORCHIDIA 5; Exhibits ATPase activity. Binds DNA/RNA in a non-specific manner and exhibits endonuclease activity. Probably involved in DNA repair. Involved in RNA-directed DNA methylation (RdDM) as a component of the RdDM machinery and required for gene silencing. May also be involved in the regulation of chromatin architecture to maintain gene silencing. (708 aa) |
| | CBP60G | Calmodulin-binding protein 60 G; Transcription activator that binds DNA in a sequence-specific manner, 5'-GAAATTTTGG-3', to promote the expression of target genes. Recruited to the promoter of ICS1 and other defense-related genes (e.g. PR1, PR2 and EDS5) in response to both biotic (e.g. Pseudomonas syringae pv. maculicola ES4326, P. syringae pv. tomato DC3000, and microbe- associated molecular patterns (MAMPs) such as flg22) and abiotic stresses (e.g. UV-B, drought and abscisic acid), thus triggering rapid defense responses by stimulating salicylic acid (SA) biosynthesis. Involved in b [...] (563 aa) |
| | RAF10 | PAS domain-containing protein tyrosine kinase family protein. (831 aa) |
| | MORC4 | Protein MICRORCHIDIA 4; Exhibits ATPase activity. Binds DNA/RNA in a non-specific manner and exhibits endonuclease activity. Probably involved in DNA repair. Involved in RNA-directed DNA methylation (RdDM) as a component of the RdDM machinery and required for gene silencing. May also be involved in the regulation of chromatin architecture to maintain gene silencing. Together with MORC7, acts to suppress a wide set of non- methylated protein-coding genes, especially involved in pathogen response. Positive regulator of defense against the oomycete Hyaloperonospora arabidopsidis (Hpa). (800 aa) |
| | GCR1 | G-protein coupled receptor 1; Together with GPA1, may regulate the cell cycle via a signaling cascade that uses phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C (PI-PLC) as an effector and inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate(IP(3)) as a second messenger. Acts as a negative regulator of GPA1-mediated abscisic acid (ABA) responses in guard cells, and together with GPA1 and GB1 during seed germination and early seedling development. Promotes PI-PLC activity and IP(3) accumulation. Involved in the blue light (BL) signaling. Together with GPA1 and ADT3, required for BL- mediated synthesis of phenylpy [...] (326 aa) |
| | MYB73 | Transcription factor MYB73; Transcription factor that functions in salt stress response. Acts as negative regulator of NHX7/SOS1 and CBL4/SOS3 induction in response to salt stress. In response to auxin, activates the transcription of the auxin-responsive gene IAA19. The IAA19 transcription activation by MYB73 is enhanced by direct interaction between MYB73 and PYL8. (320 aa) |
| | ARF3 | Auxin response factor 3; Auxin response factors (ARFs) are transcriptional factors that bind specifically to the DNA sequence 5'-TGTCTC-3' found in the auxin-responsive promoter elements (AuxREs). Could act as transcriptional activator or repressor. Formation of heterodimers with Aux/IAA proteins may alter their ability to modulate early auxin response genes expression. Involved in the establishment or elaboration of tissue patterning during gynoecial development. (608 aa) |
| | RACK1A | Receptor for activated C kinase 1A; Major component of the RACK1 regulatory proteins that play a role in multiple signal transduction pathways. Involved in multiple hormone responses and developmental processes. MAPK cascade scaffolding protein involved in the protease IV and ArgC signaling pathway but not the flg22 pathway. Belongs to the WD repeat G protein beta family. Ribosomal protein RACK1 subfamily. (327 aa) |
| | PYM | Protein POLYCHOME; Negative regulator of the anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C) ubiquitin ligase required for proper mitotic progression and cell fate determination; inhibits premature cell differentiation. Prevents DNA endoreplication by promoting the maintenance of the mitotic state by preferentially inhibiting APC/C(FZR) and triggering cyclins accumulation (e.g. CYCB1-1, CYCB1-2 and CYCA2-3) in a temporal manner. Required for megagametophyte and endosperm development. Counteracts the activity of CCS52A1 thus inhibiting the turnover of CYCA2-3. Confers immunity to bacterial [...] (259 aa) |
| | RLP23 | Receptor like protein 23; Involved in the perception of necrosis and ethylene-inducing peptide 1-like proteins (NLPs), that act as extracellular signals mediating immune activation. Component of the RLP23-SOBIR1-BAK1 complex that mediates NLP-triggered immunity. (890 aa) |
| | CAR8 | Protein C2-DOMAIN ABA-RELATED 8; Stimulates the GTPase/ATPase activities of Obg-like ATPases (By similarity). Mediates the transient calcium-dependent interaction of PYR/PYL/RCAR abscisic acid (ABA) receptors with the plasma membrane and thus regulates ABA sensitivity (By similarity). (165 aa) |
| | F24J7.90 | Probable disease resistance protein At4g19530; Probable disease resistance protein. Belongs to the disease resistance TIR-NB-LRR family. (1189 aa) |
| | PYR1 | Abscisic acid receptor PYR1; Receptor for abscisic acid (ABA) required for ABA-mediated responses such as stomatal closure and germination inhibition. Inhibits the activity of group-A protein phosphatases type 2C (PP2Cs) when activated by ABA. Can be activated by both (-)-ABA and (+)-ABA. Promotes drought tolerance. (191 aa) |
| | PBL2 | Probable serine/threonine-protein kinase PBL2; Involved in disease resistance signaling. Contributes to pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP)-triggered immunity (PTI) signaling and defense responses downstream of FLS2. Required for the bacterial XopAC/AvrAC effector-triggered immunity (ETI) against Xanthomonas campestris ; Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. Ser/Thr protein kinase family. (426 aa) |
| | JMJ15 | Lysine-specific demethylase JMJ15; Histone demethylase that demethylates 'Lys-4' (H3K4me) of histone H3 with a specific activity for H3K4me3. No activity on H3K4me2, H3K4me1, H3K9me3/2, H3K27me3/2 and H3K36me3/2. Involved in the control of flowering time by demethylating H3K4me3 at the FLC locus and repressing its expression. The repression of FLC level and reduction in H3K4me3 at the FLC locus results in induction of the flowering activator FT, which is a downstream target of FLC. (806 aa) |
| | T5J17.9 | Cupredoxin superfamily protein; Belongs to the multicopper oxidase family. (582 aa) |
| | ERF2 | Ethylene-responsive transcription factor 2; Acts as a transcriptional activator. Binds to the GCC-box pathogenesis-related promoter element. Involved in the regulation of gene expression by stress factors and by components of stress signal transduction pathways. Involved in disease resistance pathways. Belongs to the AP2/ERF transcription factor family. ERF subfamily. (243 aa) |
| | ERF4 | Ethylene-responsive transcription factor 4; Acts as a transcriptional repressor. Binds to the GCC-box pathogenesis-related promoter element. Involved in the regulation of gene expression by stress factors and by components of stress signal transduction pathways, and could also regulate other AtERFs. (222 aa) |
| | MKK3 | Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 3; MKK3-MPK6 module plays an important role in the jasmonate signal transduction pathway through the negative regulation of MYC2/JIN1 expression. Activates by phosphorylation the downstream MPK6, MPK7 and MPK8. MKK3-MPK7 module acts as a positive regulator of PR1 gene expression. MKK3-MPK8 module negatively regulates ROS accumulation through controlling expression of the RBOHD gene. Component of the abscisic acid (ABA) signaling pathway that may act as ABA signal transducer in the context of abiotic stresses. Activator of the C group MAP kinases. [...] (520 aa) |
| | SKIP | SNW/SKI-interacting protein; Splicing factor involved in post-transcriptional regulation of circadian clock and flowering time genes. Associates with the pre- mRNA of PRR7, PRR9, ELF3 and GI, and is necessary for the regulation of their alternative splicing and mRNA maturation. Probably involved in splice site recognition; Belongs to the SNW family. (613 aa) |
| | MYB101 | Transcription factor MYB101; Transcription activator. Binds to 5'-CAACTGTC-3' and/or 5'-TAACAAA-3' motif in target gene promoter (e.g. alpha-amylase) to promote their expression. Positive regulator of abscisic acid (ABA) responses leading to growth arrest during seed germination. Promotes the expression of aleurone-related genes (e.g. CP1, CP, GASA1, BXL1 and BXL2) in seeds. Together with MYB33 and MYB65, promotes the programmed cell death (PCD) leading to vacuolation of protein storage vacuoles (PSVs) in the aleurone layers during seed germination. Maybe involved in the regulation of [...] (490 aa) |
| | SLT1 | HSP20-like chaperones superfamily protein. (494 aa) |
| | EYA | Eyes absent homolog; Possesses phosphatase activity toward para-nitrophenyl phosphate (pNPP) in vitro. Possesses phosphatase activity toward several phosphotyrosine-containing peptides in vitro, with low peptide substrate specificity. (307 aa) |
| | F17A22.17 | REF/SRPP-like protein At2g47780; Belongs to the REF/SRPP family. (235 aa) |
| | F26P21.80 | BRISC/BRCA1-A complex protein. (264 aa) |
| | AGL24 | MADS-box protein AGL24; Transcription activator that mediates floral transition in response to vernalization. Promotes inflorescence fate in apical meristems. Acts in a dosage-dependent manner. Probably involved in the transduction of RLK-mediated signaling (e.g. IMK3 pathway). Together with AP1 and SVP, controls the identity of the floral meristem and regulates expression of class B, C and E genes. When associated with SOC1, mediates effect of gibberellins on flowering under short-day conditions, and regulates the expression of LEAFY (LFY), which links floral induction and floral deve [...] (220 aa) |
| | ADH1 | Alcohol dehydrogenase class-P; Alcohol dehydrogenase mostly active on ethanol (EtOH), but exhibits broad substrates selectivity for primary and secondary alcohols (e.g. butanol, propyl alcohol, pentanol, isopentanol, ethylene glycol, isopropanol, methanol and tertiary butyl alcohol). Converts allyl alcohol to highly toxic acryl- aldehyde. Required for survival and acclimation in hypoxic conditions, especially in roots. (379 aa) |
| | GPA1 | Guanine nucleotide-binding protein alpha-1 subunit; Exhibits a fast rate of basal nucleotide exchange. Guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins) are involved as modulators or transducers in various transmembrane signaling systems. Together with GCR1, may regulate the cell cycle via a signaling cascade that uses phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C (PI-PLC) as an effector and inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP(3)) as a second messenger. Promotes abscisic acid (ABA) responses in guard cells. But, together with GCR1 and GB1, acts as a negative regulator of ABA during seed ge [...] (383 aa) |
| | ASK1 | Shaggy-related protein kinase alpha; May mediate extracellular signals to regulate transcription in differentiating cells. (405 aa) |
| | BBX20 | B-box zinc finger protein 20; Acts as positive regulator of seedling photomorphogenesis. Plays a negative role in brassinosteroid responses. (242 aa) |
| | PBL7 | Probable serine/threonine-protein kinase PBL7; Serine/threonine-protein kinase involved in the positive regulation of brassinosteroid (BR) signaling and plant growth. Phosphorylates both BSU1 and BSL1 in vitro. (378 aa) |
| | PBL27 | Serine/threonine-protein kinase PBL27; Receptor-like cytoplasmic kinase involved in the transduction of signal between the host cell surface chitin receptor complex CERK1- LYK5 and the intracellular MAPKKK5-dependent mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade that leads to chitin-induced immunity. Phosphorylates and activates MAPKKK5 when phosphorylated by CERK1 after elicitation by chitin. (513 aa) |
| | MYB96 | Transcription factor MYB96; Transcription activator involved in the activation of cuticular wax biosynthesis under drought stress. Binds directly to DNA consensus sequences found in the promoters of genes encoding very-long- chain fatty acid-condensing enzymes involved in cuticular wax biosynthesis. Functions together with MYB94 in the activation of cuticular wax biosynthesis. Involved in drought stress response through abscisic acid (ABA) signaling. Mediates ABA signals that enhance plant resistance to drought by reducing stomatal opening. Mediates ABA-auxin cross-talk to regulate lat [...] (352 aa) |
| | AGL17 | Agamous-like MADS-box protein AGL17; Probable transcription factor. (227 aa) |
| | PP2AA1 | Serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A 65 kDa regulatory subunit A alpha isoform; The A subunit of protein phosphatase 2A serves as a scaffolding molecule to coordinate the assembly of the catalytic subunit and a variable regulatory B subunit. Seems to act as a positive regulator of PP2A catalytic activity. Confers resistance to phosphatase inhibitors such as okadaic acid and cantharidin. Involved during developmental process such as seedling and floral developments, root gravitropism, and stomatal opening regulation. Involved in the regulation of auxin efflux, especially during basip [...] (588 aa) |
| | CPK4 | Calcium-dependent protein kinase 4; May play a role in signal transduction pathways that involve calcium as a second messenger. Functions as regulator of the calcium- mediated abscisic acid (ABA) signaling pathway. Phosphorylates ABA- responsive transcription factors ABF1 and ABF4 in vitro. Phosphorylates the nuclear zinc finger Di19 in vitro. (501 aa) |
| | PLDALPHA1 | Phospholipase D alpha 1; Hydrolyzes glycerol-phospholipids at the terminal phosphodiesteric bond to generate phosphatidic acids (PA). Plays an important role in various cellular processes, including phytohormone action and response to stress, characterized by acidification of the cell. Involved in wound induction of jasmonic acid. May be involved in membrane lipid remodeling. Probably involved in freezing tolerance by modulating the cold-responsive genes and accumulation of osmolytes. Can use phosphatidylcholine (PC), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) and phosphatidylglycerol (PG) as subst [...] (810 aa) |
| | KIN10 | SNF1-related protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha KIN10; Catalytic subunit of the probable trimeric SNF1-related protein kinase (SnRK) complex, a central regulator of cellular energy homeostasis, which, in response to seemingly unrelated darkness, sugar and stress conditions, activates energy-producing pathways and inhibits energy-consuming processes. May play a role in a signal transduction cascade regulating gene expression and carbohydrate metabolism in higher plants. The SnRK complex may also be involved in the regulation of fatty acid synthesis by phosphorylation of acetyl-CoA c [...] (512 aa) |
| | CPK11 | Calcium-dependent protein kinase 11; May play a role in signal transduction pathways that involve calcium as a second messenger. Functions as regulator of the calcium- mediated abscisic acid (ABA) signaling pathway. Phosphorylates ABA- responsive transcription factors ABF1 and ABF4 in vitro. Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. Ser/Thr protein kinase family. CDPK subfamily. (495 aa) |
| | MPK6 | Mitogen-activated protein kinase 6; Involved in oxidative stress-mediated signaling cascade (such as ozone). Involved in the innate immune MAP kinase signaling cascade (MEKK1, MKK4/MKK5 and MPK3/MPK6) downstream of bacterial flagellin receptor FLS2. May be involved in hypersensitive response (HR)-mediated signaling cascade by modulating LIP5 phosphorylation and subsequent multivesicular bodies (MVBs) trafficking. May phosphorylate regulators of WRKY transcription factors. Phosphorylates 1-aminocyclopropane-1- carboxylic acid synthases (ACS2 and ACS6) and may be involved in the regulati [...] (395 aa) |
| | F4L23.31 | Bifunctional inhibitor/lipid-transfer protein/seed storage 2S albumin superfamily protein. (134 aa) |
| | CRY1 | Cryptochrome-1; Photoreceptor that mediates primarily blue light inhibition of hypocotyl elongation and photoperiodic control of floral initiation, and regulates other light responses, including circadian rhythms, tropic growth, stomata opening, guard cell development, root development, bacterial and viral pathogen responses, abiotic stress responses, cell cycles, programmed cell death, apical dominance, fruit and ovule development, seed dormancy, and magnetoreception. Photoexcited cryptochromes interact with signaling partner proteins to alter gene expression at both transcriptional a [...] (681 aa) |
| | SAG101 | Senescence-associated carboxylesterase 101; Acyl hydrolase that triggers the leaf senescence onset. Can use triolein as substrate to produce oleic acids. (537 aa) |
| | PED1 | 3-ketoacyl-CoA thiolase 2, peroxisomal; Involved in long chain fatty-acid beta-oxidation prior to gluconeogenesis during germination and subsequent seedling growth. Confers sensitivity to 2,4-dichlorophenoxybutiric acid (2,4-DB). Required for local and systemic induction of jasmonic acid (JA) biosynthesis after wounding. Seems to be involved in JA biosynthesis during senescence. (462 aa) |
| | MORC6 | Protein MICRORCHIDIA 6; Involved in RNA-directed DNA methylation (RdDM) as a component of the RdDM machinery and required for gene silencing. Together with SUVH2 and SUVH9, regulates the silencing of some transposable elements (TEs). Exhibits ATPase activity. May also be involved in the regulation of chromatin architecture/condensation to maintain gene silencing. Binds DNA/RNA in a non-specific manner and exhibits endonuclease activity. Probably involved in DNA repair (By similarity). Positive regulator of defense against the oomycete Hyaloperonospora arabidopsidis (Hpa). Belongs to th [...] (663 aa) |
| | MORC2 | Protein MICRORCHIDIA 2; Mediator of defense signaling triggered by distinct classes of R proteins. Required during hypersensitive response (HR) that confers disease resistance to turnip crinkle virus (TCV). Contributes to resistance against Pseudomonas syringae and Hyaloperonospora arabidopsidis, at early stages prior to cytosolic calcium ions Ca(2+) accumulation. Required for pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP)-triggered immunity, basal resistance, non-host resistance and systemic acquired resistance (SAR). Involved in RNA-directed DNA methylation (RdDM) as a component of the [...] (626 aa) |
| | SPX3 | SPX domain-containing protein 3; Plays a positive role in plant adaptation to phosphate starvation and exerts negative feedback regulation of SPX1. (245 aa) |
| | SIZ1 | E3 SUMO-protein ligase SIZ1; E3 SUMO protein ligase involved in regulation processes. Mediates SUMO/ attachment to PHR1, a MYB transcriptional activator controlling the phosphate deficiency responses. Functions as an upstream negative regulator of salicylic acid (SA) accumulation and subsequent SA-mediated systemic acquired resistance (SAR) signaling. Probably not involved in jasmonic acid (JA)-mediated defense response. Participates in abiotic stress-induced sumoylation. Controls heat shock-induced SUMO1 and SUMO2 conjugation and facilitates basal thermotolerance. Involved in freezing [...] (884 aa) |
| | BRM | ATP-dependent helicase BRM; ATPase subunit of a multiprotein complex equivalent of the SWI/SNF complex that acts by remodeling the chromatin by catalyzing an ATP-dependent alteration in the structure of nucleosomal DNA. Represses embryonic genes in leaves and controls shoot development and flowering. Activates flower homeotic genes. The association of BRM with its target genes requires REF6. Necessary to acquire heat stress (HS) memory, by globally binding to HS memory genes. (2193 aa) |
| | BSK12 | Probable inactive receptor-like kinase BSK12; Probable inactive protein kinase that activates the YODA MAP kinase cascade, which regulates the asymmetric first division and embryo polarity, by promoting the elongation of the zygote and the development of its basal daughter cell into the extra-embryonic suspensor. Acts as an adapter at the plasma membrane, possibly by recruiting and binding an activator. (465 aa) |
| | MED25 | Mediator of RNA polymerase II transcription subunit 25; Component of the Mediator complex, a coactivator involved in the regulated transcription of nearly all RNA polymerase II-dependent genes. Mediator functions as a bridge to convey information from gene- specific regulatory proteins to the basal RNA polymerase II transcription machinery. Mediator is recruited to promoters by direct interactions with regulatory proteins and serves as a scaffold for the assembly of a functional preinitiation complex with RNA polymerase II and the general transcription factors. Positive regulator of sh [...] (836 aa) |
| | FES1 | Protein FRIGIDA-ESSENTIAL 1; Transcriptional activator involved in the FRIGIDA-mediated vernalization pathway, but not in the autonomous flowering pathway. Acts cooperatively with FRI (FRIGIDA) or FRL1 (FRIGIDA-LIKE 1) to promote FLC (FLOWERING LOCUS C) expression. Required for the stabilization of the FRI-C complex. (587 aa) |
| | GLR3.6 | Glutamate receptor 3.6; Glutamate-gated receptor that probably acts as non-selective cation channel. Mediates leaf-to-leaf wound signaling. May be involved in light-signal transduction and calcium homeostasis via the regulation of calcium influx into cells. (903 aa) |
| | PRMT13 | Probable histone-arginine methyltransferase 1.3; Methylates (mono- and asymmetric dimethylation) the guanidino nitrogens of arginyl residues in several proteins involved in DNA packaging, transcription regulation, and mRNA stability (By similarity). Recruited to promoters upon gene activation, methylates histone H3 and activates transcription via chromatin remodeling. Positive regulator in the oxidative stress tolerance that promotes the expression of enzymes preventing oxidative stress such as APX1 and GPX1 by histone methylation (H3R17me2a). Confers tolerance to cadmium CdCl(2) and s [...] (535 aa) |
| | MORC1 | Protein MICRORCHIDIA 1; Mediator of defense signaling triggered by distinct classes of R proteins. Required during hypersensitive response (HR) that confers disease resistance to turnip crinkle virus (TCV). Exhibits ATPase activity. Contributes to resistance against Pseudomonas syringae and Hyaloperonospora arabidopsidis, at early stages prior to cytosolic calcium ions Ca(2+) accumulation. Required for pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP)-triggered immunity (PTI), basal resistance, non-host resistance and systemic acquired resistance (SAR). Binds DNA/RNA in a non-specific manne [...] (635 aa) |
| | CAMTA3 | Calmodulin-binding transcription activator 3; Transcription activator that binds to the DNA consensus sequence 5'-[ACG]CGCG[GTC]-3'. Binds calmodulin in a calcium-dependent manner in vitro. Regulates transcriptional activity in response to calcium signals (Probable). Involved in freezing tolerance in association with CAMTA1 and CAMTA2. Required for the cold-induced expression of DREB1B/CBF1, DREB1C/CBF2, ZAT12 and GOLS3. Involved in response to cold. Contributes together with CAMTA5 to the positive regulation of the cold-induced expression of DREB1A/CBF3, DREB1B/CBF1 and DREB1C/CBF2. I [...] (1032 aa) |
| | JMJ14 | Probable lysine-specific demethylase JMJ14; Transcriptional repressor. Histone demethylase that demethylates 'Lys-4' (H3K4me) of histone H3 with a higher activity for H3K4me3 and H3K4me2 than H3K4me1. No activity on H3K9me3/2, H3K36me3/2 and H3K27me3/2. Represses FT and TSF expression to inhibit the floral transition. Binds around the transcription start site of the FT locus. Involved in the DRM2-mediated maintenance of DNA methylation, but not required for the de novo DNA methylation. Required for demethylating histone H3K4me3 at the target of RNA silencing. Together with NAC051/NAC05 [...] (954 aa) |
| | T7P1.14 | Membralin-like protein At1g60995. (623 aa) |
| | MGP | Zinc finger protein MAGPIE; Transcription factor that regulates tissue boundaries and asymmetric cell division. Contributes to the sequestration of 'SHORT-ROOT' to the nucleus. Interacts with the SCR and MGP promoters. Does not show transcription activity by itself, but regulates the transcription of downstream genes through interaction with other transcription factors. Binds DNA via its zinc fingers. Recognizes and binds to SCL3 promoter sequence 5'-AGACAA-3' to promotes its expression when in complex with RGA. Positively involved in gibberellic acid (GA) signaling. (506 aa) |
| | KIB3 | F-box protein KIB3; Component of SCF(ASK-cullin-F-box) E3 ubiquitin ligase complexes, which may mediate the ubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation of target proteins. Required for brassinosteroid (BR) signal transduction. Mediates ASK7/BIN2/SK21 inactivation both by competing with substrate binding (e.g. BZR1) and by promoting its ubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation. (450 aa) |
| | GSTU4 | Glutathione S-transferase U4; May be involved in the conjugation of reduced glutathione to a wide number of exogenous and endogenous hydrophobic electrophiles and have a detoxification role against certain herbicides. (224 aa) |
| | MAPKKK18 | Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 18; Component of the abscisic acid (ABA) signaling pathway that acts as ABA signal transducer in the context of abiotic stresses. Triggers MPK1, MPK2, MPK7 and MPK14 activation in a MKK3-dependent manner and MPK6 activation in a MKK3-independent manner. Mediates the ABA-dependent activation of the MKK3-MPK7 module. Positive regulator of ABA responses leading to the induction of gene expression (e.g. RD29B and RAB18) and involved in various responses including stomatal development, stomatal movement, inhibition of germination and root growt [...] (339 aa) |
| | NFYC3 | Nuclear transcription factor Y subunit C-3; Stimulates the transcription of various genes by recognizing and binding to a CCAAT motif in promoters; Belongs to the NFYC/HAP5 subunit family. (217 aa) |
| | CAR10 | Protein C2-DOMAIN ABA-RELATED 10; Stimulates the GTPase/ATPase activities of Obg-like ATPases (By similarity). Mediates the transient calcium-dependent interaction of PYR/PYL/RCAR abscisic acid (ABA) receptors with the plasma membrane and thus regulates ABA sensitivity (By similarity). (180 aa) |
| | NPR5 | Regulatory protein NPR5; May act as a substrate-specific adapter of an E3 ubiquitin- protein ligase complex (CUL3-RBX1-BTB) which mediates the ubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation of target proteins (By similarity). Acts redundantly with BOP2. BOP1/2 promote leaf and floral meristem fate and determinacy in a pathway targeting AP1 and AGL24. BOP1/2 act as transcriptional co-regulators through direct interaction with TGA factors, including PAN, a direct regulator of AP1. Controls lateral organ fate through positive regulation of adaxial-abaxial polarity genes ATHB-14/PHB [...] (491 aa) |
| | RLP18 | Receptor-like protein 18; Belongs to the RLP family. (826 aa) |
| | RPH1 | Protein RESISTANCE TO PHYTOPHTHORA 1, chloroplastic; Plays a positive role in the immune response to the oomycetes P.brassicae, including induced oxidative burst (e.g. H(2)O(2)) and enhanced expression of defense-related genes. (197 aa) |
| | RHA2B | E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase RHA2B; E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase involved in the positive regulation of abscisic acid (ABA) signaling and responses to salt and osmotic stresses during seed germination and early seedling development. Acts additively with RHA2A in regulating ABA signaling and drought response. Possesses E3 ubiquitin ligase activity in vitro. (147 aa) |
| | CALS12 | Callose synthase 12; Involved in sporophytic and gametophytic development. Required for normal leaf development. During pollen formation, required for the formation of the callose wall separating the tetraspores of the tetrad (interstitial wall), but not for the callose wall surrounding the pollen mother cells (peripheral wall). Functionally redudant to CALS11 (GSL1). May play a role later in pollen grain maturation. Required for callose formation induced by wounding and pathogen attack. May interfere with salicylic acid-induced signaling pathway during defense response. During plant g [...] (1780 aa) |
| | RHA2A | E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase RHA2A; E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase involved in the positive regulation of abscisic acid (ABA) signaling and responses to salt and osmotic stresses during seed germination and early seedling development. Acts additively with RHA2B in regulating ABA signaling and drought response. Possesses E3 ubiquitin ligase activity in vitro. (155 aa) |
| | ADF4 | Actin-depolymerizing factor 4; Actin-depolymerizing protein. Severs actin filaments (F- actin) and binds to actin monomers. Contributes to the stochastic dynamic turnover of actin filaments. Binds monomeric actin (G-actin) with a marked preference for the ADP-loaded form and inhibits the rate of nucleotide exchange on G-actin. Involved in resistance triggered by the effector AvrPphB of Pseudomonas syringae pv tomato (Pst). May modulate the AvrPphB-RPS5-mediated defense signal transduction pathway. During AvrPphB-triggered resistance signaling pathway, involved in the control of MPK3 an [...] (139 aa) |
| | NRP1-2 | Nodulin-related protein 1; Prevents accumulation of abscisic acid (ABA) after heat treatment, thus reducing thermotolerance. May be a negative regulator of the ABA signaling/synthesis pathway. Required for defense responses against avirulent bacteria such as P.syringae pv. tomato DC3000 (avrRpt2). (187 aa) |
| | ABCG36 | ABC transporter G family member 36; Key factor that controls the extent of cell death in the defense response. Necessary for both callose deposition and glucosinolate activation in response to pathogens. Required for limiting invasion by nonadapted powdery mildews. Confers resistance to cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb), probably as an efflux pump of Cd2+ or Cd conjugates, and possibly, of chemicals that mediate pathogen resistance. (1469 aa) |
| | RPS4-2 | Disease resistance protein RPS4; Disease resistance (R) protein that specifically recognizes the AvrRps4 type III effector avirulence protein from P.syringae. Resistance proteins guard the plant against pathogens that contain an appropriate avirulence protein via an indirect interaction with this avirulence protein. That triggers a defense system including the hypersensitive response, which restricts the pathogen growth. Probably acts as a NAD(+) hydrolase (NADase): in response to activation, catalyzes cleavage of NAD(+) into ADP-D-ribose (ADPR) and nicotinamide; NAD(+) cleavage trigge [...] (1217 aa) |
| | GPX7 | Putative glutathione peroxidase 7, chloroplastic; May constitute a glutathione peroxidase-like protective system against oxidative stresses. (233 aa) |
| | LIP5 | Protein HOMOLOG OF MAMMALIAN LYST-INTERACTING PROTEIN 5; Involved in the endosomal multivesicular bodies (MVB) pathway. MVBs contain intraluminal vesicles (ILVs) that are generated by invagination and scission from the limiting membrane of the endosome and are delivered to lysosomes enabling degradation of membrane proteins (By similarity). Thought to be a cofactor of SKD1/VPS4, which catalyzes the disassembly of membrane-associated ESCRT-III. Target of pathogen-responsive mitogen-activated protein kinases (MPKs) that plays a critical role in plant basal resistance to Pseudomonas syrin [...] (421 aa) |
| | F15B8.100 | Protein kinase superfamily protein. (351 aa) |
| | KIB1 | F-box/kelch-repeat protein KIB1; Component of SCF(ASK-cullin-F-box) E3 ubiquitin ligase complexes, which may mediate the ubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation of target proteins. Required for brassinosteroid (BR) signal transduction. Mediates ASK7/BIN2/SK21 inactivation both by competing with substrate binding (e.g. BZR1) and by promoting its ubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation. (382 aa) |
| | KIB2 | F-box protein KIB2; Component of SCF(ASK-cullin-F-box) E3 ubiquitin ligase complexes, which may mediate the ubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation of target proteins. Required for brassinosteroid (BR) signal transduction. Mediates ASK7/BIN2/SK21 inactivation both by competing with substrate binding (e.g. BZR1) and by promoting its ubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation. (442 aa) |
| | CAR7 | Protein C2-DOMAIN ABA-RELATED 7; Stimulates the GTPase/ATPase activities of Obg-like ATPases (By similarity). Mediates the transient calcium-dependent interaction of PYR/PYL/RCAR abscisic acid (ABA) receptors with the plasma membrane and thus regulates ABA sensitivity (By similarity). (165 aa) |
| | RGLG1 | E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase RGLG1; E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that mediates the formation of 'Lys-63'-linked ubiquitin chains. Regulates apical dominance by acting on the auxin transport proteins abundance. Together with RGLG5, mediates the ubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation of the target protein PP2CA. Functions as positive regulator of abscisic acid (ABA) signaling through ABA-dependent degradation of PP2CA, a major inhibitor of ABA signaling. Acts as a negative regulator of drought stress response. (489 aa) |
| | KIB4 | F-box protein KIB4; Component of SCF(ASK-cullin-F-box) E3 ubiquitin ligase complexes, which may mediate the ubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation of target proteins. Required for brassinosteroid (BR) signal transduction. Mediates ASK7/BIN2/SK21 inactivation both by competing with substrate binding (e.g. BZR1) and by promoting its ubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation. (393 aa) |
| | GI | Protein GIGANTEA; Involved in regulation of circadian rhythm and photoperiodic flowering. May play a role in maintenance of circadian amplitude and period length. Is involved in phytochrome B signaling. Stabilizes ADO3 and the circadian photoreceptor ADO1/ZTL. Regulates 'CONSTANS' (CO) in the long-day flowering pathway by modulating the ADO3-dependent protein stability of CDF1 and CDF2, but is not essential to activate CO transcription. Regulates, via the microRNA miR172, a CO-independent pathway that promotes photoperiodic flowering by inducing 'FLOWERING LOCUS T'. (1173 aa) |
| | RLP51 | Receptor-like protein 51; Involved in plant defense. Required for basal resistance against P.syringae pv. tomato DC3000; Belongs to the RLP family. (431 aa) |
| | MYB77 | Transcription factor MYB77; Transcription factor involved in auxin response. Functions in auxin signal transduction and modulates lateral root growth. Interacts with ARF response factors to promote auxin-responsive gene expression. In response to auxin, binds sequence-specific motifs in the promoter of the auxin-responsive gene IAA19, and activates IAA19 transcription. The IAA19 transcription activation by MYB77 is enhanced by direct interaction between MYB77 and PYL8. (301 aa) |
| | SUV3 | DExH-box ATP-dependent RNA helicase DExH16, mitochondrial; Major helicase player in mitochondrial RNA metabolism. Component of the mitochondrial degradosome (mtEXO) complex, that degrades 3' overhang double-stranded RNA with a 3'-to-5' directionality in an ATP-dependent manner. ATPase and ATP-dependent multisubstrate helicase, able to unwind double-stranded (ds) DNA and RNA, and RNA/DNA heteroduplexes in the 5'-to-3' direction. Plays a role in the RNA surveillance system in mitochondria; regulates the stability of mature mRNAs, the removal of aberrantly formed mRNAs and the rapid degra [...] (571 aa) |
| | NFYC1 | Nuclear transcription factor Y subunit C-1; Stimulates the transcription of various genes by recognizing and binding to a CCAAT motif in promoters. (234 aa) |
| | F20D21.2 | Protein BIG GRAIN 1-like B; Involved in auxin transport. Regulator of the auxin signaling pathway; Belongs to the BIG GRAIN 1 (BG1) plant protein family. (366 aa) |
| | VOZ2 | Transcription factor VOZ2; Transcriptional activator acting positively in the phytochrome B signaling pathway. Functions redundantly with VOZ1 to promote flowering downstream of phytochrome B (phyB). Down-regulates 'FLOWERING LOCUS C' (FLC) and up-regulates 'FLOWERING LOCUS T' (FT). Binds to the 38-bp cis-acting region of the AVP1 gene. Binds as a dimer to the palindromic sequence 5'-GCGTNNNNNNNACGC-3'. Interacts with phyB in the cytoplasm and is translocated to the nucleus at signal transmission, where it is subjected to degradation in a phytochrome- dependent manner. (450 aa) |
| | ERF053 | Ethylene-responsive transcription factor ERF053; Transcriptional activator involved in abiotic stress tolerance. Can directly regulate stress-related gene expression by binding to the DNA sequence 5'-[AG]CCGAC-3' (DRE element) of their promoter region. Involved in the regulation of stomatal closure movement under drought stress. Acts as a positive regulator of drought stress response. (336 aa) |
| | T4M8.27 | Toll-Interleukin-Resistance (TIR) domain family protein. (203 aa) |
| | JAR1 | Jasmonoyl--L-amino acid synthetase JAR1; Catalyzes the synthesis of jasmonates-amino acid conjugates by adenylation; can use Ile and, in vitro at least, Val, Leu and Phe as conjugating amino acids on jasmonic acid (JA) and 9,10-dihydro-JA substrates, and to a lower extent, on 3-oxo-2-(2Z-pentenyl)- cyclopentane-1-butyric acid (OPC-4) and 12-hydroxy-JA (12-OH-JA). Can synthesize adenosine 5-tetraphosphate in vitro. Required for the JA- mediated signaling pathway that regulates many developmental and defense mechanisms, including growth root inhibition, vegetative storage proteins (VSPs) [...] (575 aa) |
| | BPC1 | Protein BASIC PENTACYSTEINE1; Transcriptional regulator that specifically binds to GA-rich elements (GAGA-repeats) present in regulatory sequences of genes involved in developmental processes. Negatively regulates the homeotic gene AGL11/STK, which controls ovule primordium identity, by a cooperative binding to purine-rich elements present in the regulatory sequence leading to DNA conformational changes. Belongs to the BBR/BPC family. (283 aa) |
| | SOBIR1 | Leucine-rich repeat receptor-like serine/threonine/tyrosine-protein kinase SOBIR1; Dual specificity kinase acting on both serine/threonine- and tyrosine-containing substrates. Acting as a counterplayer of BIR1, promotes the activation of plant defense and cell death. Component of the RLP23-SOBIR1-BAK1 complex that mediates NLP-triggered immunity. Functions as an inhibitor/regulator of abscission, probably by regulating membrane trafficking during abscission. (641 aa) |
| | RIN13 | RPM1 interacting protein 13. (430 aa) |
| | NUDT6 | Nudix hydrolase 6; Probably mediates the hydrolysis of some nucleoside diphosphate derivatives. In vitro, it can use both NADH and ADP-ribose as substrates; however the relevance of such substrates in vivo is unclear. (283 aa) |
| | MAX2 | F-box protein MAX2; Component of SCF(ASK-cullin-F-box) E3 ubiquitin ligase complexes, which may mediate the ubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation of target proteins. Promotes the senescence. Is necessary for responses to strigolactones and karrikins. Contributes to the selective repression of axillary shoots and moderates the branching by regulating negatively the auxin transport in primary stems, in an AXR1-independent manner. Required for the progression of leaf senescence mediated by methyl jasmonate. Required at each node to suppress axillary bud growth. (693 aa) |
| | MYB72 | Transcription factor MYB72; Involved in metal ions homeostasis, including iron ions (Fe) acquisition, via the regulation of NAS4 and NAS2 genes expression. Necessary for plant survival in alkaline soil where iron availability is greatly restricted. Involved in the up-regulation of several biosynthesis genes of secondary metabolites involved in iron uptake under conditions of iron deficiency. Triggers tolerance to nickel (Ni) and zinc (Zn) ions. Required in the roots during early signaling steps of rhizobacteria-mediated (e.g. P.fluorescens WCS417r) and beneficial fungi-mediated (e.g. T [...] (296 aa) |
| | VOZ1 | Transcription factor VOZ1; Transcriptional activator acting positively in the phytochrome B signaling pathway. Functions redundantly with VOZ2 to promote flowering downstream of phytochrome B (phyB). Down-regulates 'FLOWERING LOCUS C' (FLC) and up-regulates 'FLOWERING LOCUS T' (FT). Binds to the 38-bp cis-acting region of the AVP1 gene. Interacts with phyB in the cytoplasm and is translocated to the nucleus at signal transmission, where it is subjected to degradation in a phytochrome- dependent manner. (486 aa) |
| | T26F17.15 | Histone H3 K4-specific methyltransferase SET7/9 family protein. (417 aa) |
| | BGLU18 | Beta-D-glucopyranosyl abscisate beta-glucosidase; Hydrolyzes abscisic acid glucose ester (ABA-GE) which represents the predominant form of conjugated ABA (biologically inactive). No activity with beta-D-glucopyranosyl zeatin. The hydrolysis of ABA-GE in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) forms free ABA and contributes to increase its cellular levels under dehydration conditions. ABA-GE hydrolyzing activity is enhanced by dehydration stress-induced polymerization into higher molecular weight forms. The ABA produced by BGLU18 contributes to the initiation of intracellular signaling as well a [...] (528 aa) |
| | UGT73C7 | UDP-glycosyltransferase 73C7; Belongs to the UDP-glycosyltransferase family. (490 aa) |
| | NAC062 | NAC domain-containing protein 62; Transcriptional activator activated by proteolytic cleavage through regulated intramembrane proteolysis (RIP). Transcriptional activator involved in response to cold stress. Mediates induction of pathogenesis-related (PR) genes independently of salicylic signaling in response to cold. Binds directly to the PR gene promoters and enhances plant resistance to pathogen infection, incorporating cold signals into pathogen resistance responses. Plays a regulatory role in abscisic acid (ABA)-mediated drought-resistance response. (469 aa) |
| | EIN2 | Ethylene-insensitive protein 2; Central factor in signaling pathways regulated by ethylene (ET), and involved in various processes including development, plant defense, senescence, nucleotide sugar flux, and tropisms. Necessary for ethylene-mediated gene regulation, and for the induction of some genes by ozone. Acts downstream of ET receptors, and upstream of ethylene regulated transcription factors. Required for cytokinin-mediated processes. Seems to be implicated in cross-talk between ET, jasmonate and other pathways. Probably not involved in iron uptake. Has a short half-life and un [...] (1294 aa) |
| | CAR9 | Protein C2-DOMAIN ABA-RELATED 9; Stimulates the GTPase/ATPase activities of Obg-like ATPases (By similarity). Mediates the transient calcium-dependent interaction of PYR/PYL/RCAR abscisic acid (ABA) receptors with the plasma membrane and thus regulates ABA sensitivity. Belongs to the plant CAR protein family. (185 aa) |
| | CAR6 | Protein C2-DOMAIN ABA-RELATED 6; Stimulates the GTPase/ATPase activities of Obg-like ATPases (By similarity). Mediates the transient calcium-dependent interaction of PYR/PYL/RCAR abscisic acid (ABA) receptors with the plasma membrane and thus regulates ABA sensitivity (By similarity). Prevents hypocotyl bending as well as gravitropic response under blue light conditions ; Belongs to the plant CAR protein family. (174 aa) |
| | PAD4 | Lipase-like PAD4; Probable lipase required downstream of MPK4 for accumulation of the plant defense-potentiating molecule, salicylic acid, thus contributing to the plant innate immunity against invasive biotrophic pathogens and to defense mechanisms upon recognition of microbe- associated molecular patterns (MAMPs). Participates in the regulation of various molecular and physiological processes that influence fitness. Together with SG101, required for programmed cell death (PCD) triggered by NBS-LRR resistance proteins (e.g. RPS4, RPW8.1 and RPW8.2) in response to the fungal toxin fumo [...] (541 aa) |
| | TTL1 | TPR repeat-containing thioredoxin TTL1; Involved in responses to osmotic stress and abscisic acid (ABA). May act as a positive regulator of ABA signaling during germination and seedling development under stress. (699 aa) |
| | GID1A | Gibberellin receptor GID1A; Functions as soluble gibberellin (GA) receptor. GA is an essential hormone that regulates growth and development in plants. Binds with high affinity the biologically active gibberellin GA4, but has no affinity for the biologically inactive GAs. In response to GA, interacts with specific DELLA proteins, known as repressors of GA- induced growth, and targets them for degradation via proteasome. Seems to be required for GA signaling that controls root growth, seed germination, stem elongation and flower development. Partially redundant with GID1B and GID1C; Bel [...] (345 aa) |
| | F22F7.5 | REF/SRPP-like protein At3g05500; Belongs to the REF/SRPP family. (246 aa) |
| | SDIR1 | E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase SDIR1; E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that acts as a positive regulator of abscisic acid-related stress signal transduction. Interacts with and ubiquitinates ATP1/SDIRIP1 to modulate ATP1/SDIRIP1 stability through the 26S proteasome pathway. Regulates abscisic acid (ABA) and salt stress responses by negatively affecting ATP1/SDIRIP1 stability. The SDIR1-ATP1/SDIRIP1 complex plays an important role in ABA signaling through the ubiquitination pathway. (273 aa) |
| | GIG1 | Protein GIGAS CELL1; Negative regulator of the anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C) ubiquitin ligase required for proper mitotic and meiotic progression and cell fate determination. Involved in entry into both meiosis I and meiosis II. Prevents endomitosis by preferentially inhibiting APC/C(CDC20). Required for megagametophyte and endosperm development. Triggers mitotic cyclins (e.g. CYCB1-1 and CYCB1-2) accumulation. Confers immunity to bacterial pathogens (e.g. Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000), which is associated with increased expression of disease resistance (R) gen [...] (243 aa) |
| | T21C14.20 | Protein BIG GRAIN 1-like C; Involved in auxin transport. Regulator of the auxin signaling pathway; Belongs to the BIG GRAIN 1 (BG1) plant protein family. (341 aa) |
| | NPR6 | Regulatory protein NPR6; May act as a substrate-specific adapter of an E3 ubiquitin- protein ligase complex (CUL3-RBX1-BTB) which mediates the ubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation of target proteins (By similarity). Acts redundantly with BOP2. BOP1/2 promote leaf and floral meristem fate and determinacy in a pathway targeting AP1 and AGL24. BOP1/2 act as transcriptional co-regulators through direct interaction with TGA factors, including PAN, a direct regulator of AP1. Controls lateral organ fate through positive regulation of adaxial-abaxial polarity genes ATHB-14/PHB [...] (467 aa) |
| | LECRK15 | Probable L-type lectin-domain containing receptor kinase I.5; In the N-terminal section; belongs to the leguminous lectin family. (674 aa) |
| | AIRP2 | E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase AIRP2; Possesses E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase activity in vitro when associated with the E2 enzyme UBC8 in vitro. Plays combinatory roles with AIRP1 in the positive regulation of the abscisic acid-mediated drought stress response. Plays a positive role in abscisic acid- and high salinity-regulated seed germination through the ubiquitin-proteasome- dependent down-regulation of ATP1/SDIRIP1. (242 aa) |
| | GH3.12 | 4-substituted benzoates-glutamate ligase GH3.12; Catalyzes the conjugation of specific amino acids (e.g. Glu and possibly His, Lys, and Met) to their preferred acyl substrates (e.g. 4-substituted benzoates), in a magnesium ion- and ATP-dependent manner. Can use 4-substituted benzoates such as 4-aminobenzoate (pABA), 4-fluorobenzoate and 4-hydroxybenzoate (4-HBA), and, to a lesser extent, benzoate, vanillate and trans-cinnamate, but not 2-substituted benzoates and salicylic acid (SA), as conjugating acyl substrates. Involved in both basal and induced resistance in a SA-dependent manner. [...] (575 aa) |
| | F14F18.220 | Protein BIG GRAIN 1-like D; Involved in auxin transport. Regulator of the auxin signaling pathway; Belongs to the BIG GRAIN 1 (BG1) plant protein family. (362 aa) |
| | GID1B | Gibberellin receptor GID1B; Functions as soluble gibberellin (GA) receptor. GA is an essential hormone that regulates growth and development in plants. Binds with high affinity the biologically active gibberellin GA4, but has no affinity for the biologically inactive GAs. In response to GA, interacts with specific DELLA proteins, known as repressors of GA- induced growth, and targets them for degradation via proteasome. Seems to be required for GA signaling that controls root growth, seed germination and flower development. May function as a dominant GA receptor at low GA concentration [...] (358 aa) |
| | WRKY70 | Probable WRKY transcription factor 70; Transcription factor involved in senescence, biotic and abiotic stress responses by modulating various phytohormones signaling pathways. Interacts specifically with the W box (5'- (T)TGAC[CT]-3'), a frequently occurring elicitor-responsive cis-acting element (By similarity). Binds to the 5'-[CT]GACTTTT-3' motif in promoters of target genes to induce their expression. Plays an important but not indispensable role in jasmonate and salicylic acid signaling. Regulates positively the salicylic acid (SA)-mediated signal pathway, but negatively the jasmo [...] (294 aa) |
| | FUS3 | B3 domain-containing transcription factor FUS3; Transcription regulator involved in gene regulation during late embryogenesis. Its expression to the epidermis is sufficient to control foliar organ identity by regulating positively the synthesis abscisic acid (ABA) and negatively gibberellin production. Negatively regulates TTG1 in the embryo. Positively regulates the abundance of the ABI3 protein in the seed. Cooperates with KIN10 to regulate developmental phase transitions and lateral organ development and act both as positive regulators of abscisic acid (ABA) signaling during germination. (313 aa) |
| | MDC16.10 | Protein BIG GRAIN 1-like A; Involved in auxin transport. Regulator of the auxin signaling pathway; Belongs to the BIG GRAIN 1 (BG1) plant protein family. (357 aa) |
| | CAR4 | Protein C2-DOMAIN ABA-RELATED 4; Mediates the transient calcium-dependent interaction of PYR/PYL/RCAR abscisic acid (ABA) receptors with the plasma membrane and thus regulates ABA sensitivity. Stimulates the GTPase/ATPase activities of YchF1, and regulates its subcellular localization. Promotes tolerance towards salinity stress by limiting the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Promotes resistance to bacterial pathogens (e.g. Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae and P. syringae pv. tomato DC3000) (By similarity). Binds liposomes in the absence of exogenous Ca(2+), but this activit [...] (177 aa) |
| | RACK1C | Receptor for activated C kinase 1C; Minor component of the RACK1 regulatory proteins that play a role in multiple signal transduction pathways. Involved in multiple hormone responses and developmental processes. MAPK cascade scaffolding protein involved in the protease IV and ArgC signaling pathway but not the flg22 pathway. Belongs to the WD repeat G protein beta family. Ribosomal protein RACK1 subfamily. (326 aa) |
| | CARK1 | Receptor-like cytoplasmic kinase 1; Receptor-like cytoplasmic kinase (RLCK) that triggers abscisic acid (ABA) signaling by phosphorylating and activating ABA receptors (e.g. PYL8/RCAR3 and PYR1/RCAR11), which in turn repress ABI1, a negative regulator of ABA responses. Promotes drought tolerance ; Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. Ser/Thr protein kinase family. (364 aa) |
| | CAPH2 | Condensin-2 complex subunit H2; Regulatory subunit of the condensin-2 complex, a complex that seems to provide chromosomes with an additional level of organization and rigidity and in establishing mitotic chromosome architecture (By similarity). The condensin-2 complex plays a role in DNA damage repair or in protecting the genome from certain genotoxic stressors (e.g. boron excess, zeocin and aphidicolin); Belongs to the CND2 H2 (condensin-2 subunit 2) family. (683 aa) |
| | ERF096 | Ethylene-responsive transcription factor ERF096; Probably acts as a transcriptional activator. Binds to the GCC-box pathogenesis-related promoter element. May be involved in the regulation of gene expression by stress factors and by components of stress signal transduction pathways (By similarity); Belongs to the AP2/ERF transcription factor family. ERF subfamily. (131 aa) |
| | LECRK92 | L-type lectin-domain containing receptor kinase IX.2; Promotes hydrogen peroxide H(2)O(2) production and cell death; In the N-terminal section; belongs to the leguminous lectin family. (675 aa) |
| | CDG1 | Serine/threonine-protein kinase CDG1; Serine/threonine-protein kinase involved in the positive regulation of brassinosteroid (BR) signaling and plant growth. Mediates BR signal transduction from BRI1 receptor kinase to BSU1 phosphatase. After activation by phosphorylation at Ser-234 by BRI1, CDG1 phosphorylates BSU1 at 'Ser-764' in the phosphatase domain, increasing the ability of BSU1 to inactivate the negative regulator of BR signaling ASK7/BIN2 by dephosphorylation at 'Tyr-200'. The full kinase activity of CDG1 is required for its biological function. (432 aa) |
| | NAC096 | NAC domain-containing protein 96; Transcriptional activator involved in the positive regulation of abscisic acid (ABA) responsive genes. Acts as a positive factor of ABA-mediated responses. Involved in the transcriptional activation of ABA-inducible genes in response to dehydration and osmotic stresses. Plays a positive role in both stomatal closure and water loss under dehydration stress conditions. Acts synergistically with ABF2 to activate the dehydration stress-response factor RD29A transcription. Binds to the consensus core cis-acting elements 5'-CGTA-3' and 5'-CACG- 3' at the RD2 [...] (292 aa) |
| | BSU1 | Serine/threonine-protein phosphatase BSU1; Phosphatase that acts as a positive regulator of brassinosteroid (BR) signaling. Dephosphorylates BES1, a transcription factor that regulates the expression of BR-response genes, thereby playing an important role in the regulation of response to BRs. Inactivates the negative regulator of BR signaling ASK7/BIN2 by dephosphorylation at 'Tyr-200'. (793 aa) |
| | GAI | DELLA protein GAI; Transcriptional regulator that acts as a repressor of the gibberellin (GA) signaling pathway. Transcription coactivator of the zinc finger transcription factors GAF1/IDD2 and ENY/IDD1 in regulation of gibberellin homeostasis and signaling. No effect of the BOI proteins on its stability. Probably acts by participating in large multiprotein complexes that repress transcription of GA-inducible genes. Positively regulates XERICO expression. In contrast to RGA, it is less sensitive to GA. Its activity is probably regulated by other phytohormones such as auxin and ethylene [...] (533 aa) |
| | RAD51D | DNA repair protein RAD51 homolog 4; Involved in the homologous recombination repair (HRR) pathway of double-stranded DNA breaks arising during DNA replication or induced by DNA-damaging agents. (322 aa) |
| | CAR5 | Protein C2-DOMAIN ABA-RELATED 5; Stimulates the GTPase/ATPase activities of Obg-like ATPases (By similarity). Mediates the transient calcium-dependent interaction of PYR/PYL/RCAR abscisic acid (ABA) receptors with the plasma membrane and thus regulates ABA sensitivity. (200 aa) |
| | AIP1 | Protein phosphatase 2C 3; Involved in the negative regulation of the K(+) potassium channel AKT1 by its dephosphorylation, antagonistically to CIPK proteins (e.g. CIPK23). Functions as positive regulator of abscisic acid-mediated cell signaling during seedling growth. Involved in the regulation of seed dormancy. Acts as negative regulator of seed dormancy by inhibiting abscisic signaling and subsequently activating gibberellic acid signaling ; Belongs to the PP2C family. (442 aa) |
| | EXO70B2 | Exocyst complex component EXO70B2; Component of an exocyst subcomplex specifically involved in autophagy-related, Golgi-independent membrane traffic to the vacuole. Regulates autophagosome formation and autophagy-related Golgi- independent import into the vacuole (By similarity). Positive regulator of defense responses to pathogenic bacteria (e.g. P.syringae pv. maculicola), to the biotrophic oomycete H.arabidopsidis and to fungi (e.g. B.graminis hordei), especially in cell wall apposition formation related to plant defense. Required for both immediate and later responses triggered by [...] (599 aa) |
| | CRK2-2 | CDPK-related kinase 2; May play a role in signal transduction pathways that involve calcium as a second messenger; Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. Ser/Thr protein kinase family. CDPK subfamily. (599 aa) |
| | LTPG5 | Bifunctional inhibitor/lipid-transfer protein/seed storage 2S albumin superfamily protein; Belongs to the plant LTP family. (170 aa) |
| | ZAT18 | Zinc finger protein ZAT18; Transcription factor involved in stress responses (Probable). Positive regulator of the jasmonic acid (JA)- mediated signaling pathway. Triggers the up- regulation of LOX3, VSP2, PAL1 and PAL2 in a JA-dependent manner. Promotes drought and osmotic stress tolerance by preventing reactive oxygen species (ROS) production (e.g. H(2)O(2)). (175 aa) |
| | BPC2 | Protein BASIC PENTACYSTEINE2; Transcriptional regulator that specifically binds to GA-rich elements (GAGA-repeats) present in regulatory sequences of genes involved in developmental processes. (279 aa) |
| | F1N21.18 | REF/SRPP-like protein At1g67360; Belongs to the REF/SRPP family. (240 aa) |
| | DHAR1 | Glutathione S-transferase DHAR1, mitochondrial; Displays a dual function. As a soluble protein, exhibits glutathione-dependent thiol transferase and dehydroascorbate (DHA) reductase activities. Key component of the ascorbate recycling system. Involved in the redox homeostasis, especially in scavenging of ROS under oxidative stresses, subsequently to biotic or abiotic inducers. As a peripheral membrane protein, could also function as voltage-gated ion channel. Belongs to the GST superfamily. DHAR family. (213 aa) |
| | DHAR2 | Glutathione S-transferase DHAR2; Displays a dual function. As a soluble protein, exhibits glutathione-dependent thiol transferase and dehydroascorbate (DHA) reductase activities. Exhibits glutathione-dependent thiol transferase and dehydroascorbate (DHA) reductase activities. Key component of the ascorbate recycling system. Involved in the redox homeostasis, especially in scavenging of ROS under oxidative stresses. Plays a role in ozone tolerance; Belongs to the GST superfamily. DHAR family. (213 aa) |
| | TOR | Serine/threonine-protein kinase TOR; Essential cell growth regulator that controls development from early embryo to seed production. Controls plant growth in environmental stress conditions. Acts through the phosphorylation of downstream effectors that are recruited by the binding partner RAPTOR. Acts by activating transcription, protein synthesis and ribosome biogenesis, and inhibiting mRNA degradation and autophagy. Can phosphorylate TAP46, a regulatory subunit of protein phosphatase 2A that modulates cell growth and survival. Involved in modulating the transition from heterotrophic [...] (2481 aa) |
| | DJ1A | Protein DJ-1 homolog A; Involved in oxidative stress response. Confers protection against diverse stresses by binding both CSD1 and GPX2 and mediating the cytosolic activation of the Cu-Zn-dependent superoxide dismutase activity of CSD1; Belongs to the peptidase C56 family. (392 aa) |
| | TCP7 | Transcription factor TCP7. (250 aa) |
| | NFYC4 | Nuclear transcription factor Y subunit C-4; Stimulates the transcription of various genes by recognizing and binding to a CCAAT motif in promoters (By similarity). Involved in the abscisic acid (ABA) signaling pathway. (250 aa) |
| | MNF13.1 | RNA-binding (RRM/RBD/RNP motifs) family protein. (423 aa) |
| | SARD4 | Protein SAR DEFICIENT 4; Involved in the biosynthesis of pipecolate (Pip), a metabolite that orchestrates defense amplification, positive regulation of salicylic acid (SA) biosynthesis, and priming to guarantee effective local resistance induction and the establishment of systemic acquired resistance (SAR). Converts delta-(1)-piperideine-2-carboxylate (P2C) to Pip. Mediates reduction of P2C and biosynthesis of Pip in systemic tissue and contributes to SAR establishment. Does not possess ornithine cyclodeaminase activity in vitro. (325 aa) |
| | GLIP1 | GDSL esterase/lipase 1; Confers resistance to the necrotrophic fungus Alternaria brassicicola. Possesses lipase and antimicrobial activities that directly disrupt fungal spore integrity. Triggers systemic resistance, mostly by the ethylene-dependent pathway. Belongs to the 'GDSL' lipolytic enzyme family. (374 aa) |
| | RRS1B | Disease resistance protein RRS1B; Transcription factor. Interacts specifically with the W box (5'-(T)TGAC[CT]-3'), a frequently occurring elicitor-responsive cis- acting element (By similarity). Acts also as a disease resistance protein that specifically recognizes the AvrRps4 type III effector avirulence protein from P.syringae. Heterodimerization with RPS4B is required to form a functional complex to recognize AvrRps4 and to mediate the hypersensitive response. (1372 aa) |
| | WRKY8 | WRKY transcription factor 8; Transcription factor. Interacts specifically with the W box (5'-TTGAC[CT]-3'), a frequently occurring stress-responsive cis-acting element. Functions as positive regulator of salt stress response. Binds the W box of LTI78/RD29A stress-response gene and directly regulates its transcription under salt stress. Functions antagonistically with VQ9 to regulate sodium and potassium homeostasis under salt stress by regulating the expression of downstream SOS (SALT OVERLY SENSITIVE) stress-responsive genes. The DNA-binding activity of WRKY8 is decreased by VQ9. Func [...] (326 aa) |
| | K2A18.16 | Probable protein phosphatase 2C 79. (385 aa) |
| | NAC92 | NAC domain-containing protein 92; Transcription activator that binds to DNA in promoters of target genes on a specific bipartite motif 5'-[ACG][CA]GT[AG](5- 6n)[CT]AC[AG]-3'. Promotes lateral root development. Triggers the expression of senescence-associated genes during age-, salt- and dark-induced senescence through a regulatory network that may involve cross-talk with salt- and H(2)O(2)- dependent signaling pathways. Regulates also genes during seed germination. Regulates positively aging-induced cell death. Involved in age-related resistance (ARR) against Pseudomonas syringae pv. t [...] (285 aa) |
| | MRG7.16 | ADP-glucose phosphorylase; Catalyzes the conversion of ADP-glucose and inorganic phosphate (Pi) into glucose-1-phosphate and ADP. Does not possess galactose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase activity. (351 aa) |
| | BGLU42 | Beta-glucosidase 42; Involved in the secretion of root-derived phenolics upon iron ions (Fe) depletion. Promotes disease resistance toward B.cinerea, H.arabidopsidis and P.syringae pv. tomato DC3000. Required during rhizobacteria-mediated (e.g. P.fluorescens WCS417r) broad-spectrum induced systemic resistance (ISR) against several pathogens. Belongs to the glycosyl hydrolase 1 family. (490 aa) |
| | CAR11 | Protein C2-DOMAIN ABA-RELATED 11, N-terminally processed; Stimulates the GTPase/ATPase activities of Obg-like ATPases (By similarity). Mediates the transient calcium-dependent interaction of PYR/PYL/RCAR abscisic acid (ABA) receptors with the plasma membrane and thus regulates ABA sensitivity (By similarity). (166 aa) |
| | CAR1 | Protein C2-DOMAIN ABA-RELATED 1; Stimulates the GTPase/ATPase activities of Obg-like ATPases (By similarity). Mediates the transient calcium-dependent interaction of PYR/PYL/RCAR abscisic acid (ABA) receptors with the plasma membrane and thus regulates ABA sensitivity. Binds liposomes in the absence of exogenous Ca(2+), but this activity is enhanced in the presence of Ca(2+) and generates membrane curvature (By similarity). (168 aa) |
| | RPS4B-2 | Disease resistance protein RPS4B; Disease resistance (R) protein that specifically recognizes the AvrRps4 type III effector avirulence protein from P.syringae. Heterodimerization with RRS1B is required to form a functional complex to recognize AvrRps4 and to mediate the hypersensitive response. (1165 aa) |
| | TIL | Temperature-induced lipocalin-1; Involved in basal (BT) and acquired thermotolerance (AT), probably by preventing plasma membrane lipids peroxidation induced by severe heat-shock (HS). Lipocalin that confers protection against oxidative stress caused by heat, freezing, paraquat and light. Confers resistance to high salt (NaCl) levels, probably by protecting chloroplasts from ion toxicity via ion homeostasis maintenance. Required for seed longevity by insuring polyunsaturated lipids integrity. Belongs to the calycin superfamily. Lipocalin family. (186 aa) |
| | EXO70B1 | Exocyst complex component EXO70B1; Component of an exocyst subcomplex specifically involved in autophagy-related, Golgi-independent membrane traffic to the vacuole. Regulates autophagosome formation and autophagy-related Golgi- independent import into the vacuole. Positive regulator of both abscisic acid (ABA)-promoted and mannitol (drought)-promoted stomatal closure. (624 aa) |
