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BHLH89 | Transcription factor bHLH89. (420 aa) | ||||
CTF7 | Protein CHROMOSOME TRANSMISSION FIDELITY 7; Acetyltransferase required for the establishment of sister chromatid cohesion. Involved in preservation of genome integrity and meiosis. Required for DNA repair and for the regulation of chromosome segregation during mitotic cell division. Knock-down mutants are extremely dwarf. (345 aa) | ||||
SPL13A | Squamosa promoter-binding-like protein 13A; Trans-acting factor that binds specifically to the consensus nucleotide sequence 5'-TNCGTACAA-3'. (359 aa) | ||||
MRA19.22 | Probable LRR receptor-like serine/threonine-protein kinase At5g45780; Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. Ser/Thr protein kinase family. (614 aa) | ||||
TGA10 | Transcription factor TGA10; Together with TGA9, basic leucine-zipper transcription factor required for anther development, probably via the activation of SPL expression in anthers and via the regulation of genes with functions in early and middle tapetal development. Required for signaling responses to pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) such as flg22 that involves chloroplastic reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and subsequent expression of H(2)O(2)-responsive genes ; Belongs to the bZIP family. (460 aa) | ||||
CSI1 | Protein CELLULOSE SYNTHASE INTERACTIVE 1; Regulator of the microtubular cytoskeleton. Microtubule-associated protein essential for the functional association of cellulase synthase (CESA) complexes (CSCs) and cortical microtubules. Promotes dynamics of CSCs in the plasma membrane. Regulates primary cell wall biosynthesis and cellulose microfibrils organization. Required for the regulation of root cell elongation/expansion. Necessary for the formation of ovules, pollen cell wall morphogenesis and pollen tube development. Involved in anther dehiscence, via dehydration-induced microtubule [...] (2150 aa) | ||||
BHLH138 | Transcription factor bHLH138. (129 aa) | ||||
APY7 | Probable apyrase 7; Catalyzes the hydrolysis of phosphoanhydride bonds of nucleoside tri- and di-phosphates (By similarity). Involved in the regulation of pollen and anther development. (740 aa) | ||||
COI1 | Coronatine-insensitive protein 1; Required for jasmonate-regulated plant fertility and defense processes, and for coronatine and/or other elicitors perceptions/responses. Seems to not be required for meiosis. Required for the regulation of some genes induced by wounding, but not for all. Component of SCF(COI1) E3 ubiquitin ligase complexes, which may mediate the ubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation of target proteins (probably including the ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase small chain 1B RBCS-1B and the histone deacetylase HDA6). These SCF complexes play crucial roles [...] (592 aa) | ||||
BRI1 | Protein BRASSINOSTEROID INSENSITIVE 1; Receptor with a dual specificity kinase activity acting on both serine/threonine- and tyrosine-containing substrates. Regulates, in response to brassinosteroid binding, a signaling cascade involved in plant development, including expression of light- and stress-regulated genes, promotion of cell elongation, normal leaf and chloroplast senescence, and flowering. Binds brassinolide, and less effectively castasterone, but not 2,3,22,23-O-tetramethylbrassinolide or ecdysone. May be involved in a feedback regulation of brassinosteroid biosynthesis. Pho [...] (1196 aa) | ||||
ADPG1 | Polygalacturonase ADPG1; Polygalacturonase involved in cell separation in the final stages of pod shatter and in anther dehiscence. Not involved in floral organ abscission. (431 aa) | ||||
SRS2-2 | Protein SHI RELATED SEQUENCE 2; Transcription activator that binds DNA on 5'-ACTCTAC-3' and promotes auxin homeostasis-regulating gene expression (e.g. YUC genes), as well as genes affecting stamen development, cell expansion and timing of flowering. Synergistically with other SHI-related proteins, regulates gynoecium, stamen and leaf development in a dose-dependent manner, controlling apical-basal patterning. Promotes style and stigma formation, and influence vascular development during gynoecium development. May also have a role in the formation and/or maintenance of the shoot apical [...] (322 aa) | ||||
APY6 | Probable apyrase 6; Catalyzes the hydrolysis of phosphoanhydride bonds of nucleoside tri- and di-phosphates (By similarity). Involved in the regulation of pollen and anther development; Belongs to the GDA1/CD39 NTPase family. (555 aa) | ||||
SPL | Protein SPOROCYTELESS; Transcriptional regulator of sporocyte development. Acts as an adapter-like transcriptional repressor recruiting TPL/TPR corepressors to inhibit TCP transcription factors. Required for nucellus and embryo sac development. Plays a central role in patterning both the proximal-distal and the adaxial-abaxial axes during ovule development. Involved in establishing the prospective chalaza of the ovule and in controlling the cell number and the length of the funiculus, and is required for the development of the integuments. Required, with BEL1, for cytokinin-induced PIN [...] (314 aa) | ||||
DYT1 | Transcription factor DYT1; Transcription factor. Involved in the control of tapetum development. Required for male fertility and pollen differentiation, especially during callose deposition. (207 aa) | ||||
AHL21 | AT-hook motif nuclear-localized protein 21; Transcription factor that specifically binds AT-rich DNA sequences related to the nuclear matrix attachment regions (MARs). Binds to the MARs present in the ETTIN (ETT) promoter leading to a negative regulation of its gene expression. Functions as a molecular node downstream of the homeotic protein AGAMOUS (AG), regulating patterning and differentiation of reproductive organs. Acts as a chromatin remodeling factor that modifies the architecture of ETTIN (ETT) chromatin by modulating H3 methylation leading to the regulation of ETT expression. [...] (285 aa) | ||||
SPL13B | Squamosa promoter-binding-like protein 13B; Trans-acting factor that binds specifically to the consensus nucleotide sequence 5'-TNCGTACAA-3'. (359 aa) | ||||
T29E15.15 | Probable LRR receptor-like serine/threonine-protein kinase At2g23950; Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. Ser/Thr protein kinase family. (634 aa) | ||||
ASHH2 | Histone-lysine N-methyltransferase ASHH2; Histone methyltransferase involved in di and tri-methylation of 'Lys-36' of histone H3 (H3K36me2 and H3K36me3). Binds to H3 already mono- or di-methylated on 'Lys-4'(H3K4me1 or H3K4me2), but not to H3K4me3. H3K4me and H3K36me represent specific tags for epigenetic transcriptional activation. Regulates positively FLC transcription to prevent early flowering transition. Required for flowering transition in response to vernalization and for the maintenance of FLC expression in late embryos, but dispensable for the initial reactivation in early emb [...] (1759 aa) | ||||
CYP90A1 | Cytochrome P450 90A1. (472 aa) | ||||
ATGRP19 | Oleosin. (106 aa) | ||||
RUS4 | Protein root UVB sensitive 4. (520 aa) | ||||
JAG | Zinc finger protein JAGGED; Controls the morphogenesis of lateral organs. Functions in lateral organ shape and is sufficient to induce proliferation and growth of lateral organ tissue. Is necessary and sufficient for bract formation, but its expression is excluded from the cryptic bract, which could be a cause of bractless flowers in Arabidopsis. Participates with FIL and YAB3 in regulating valve margin development. Functions with JGL to define stamen and carpel shape. Functions with AS1 and AS2 in the sepal and petal primordia to repress boundary-specifying genes for normal developmen [...] (253 aa) | ||||
JGL | Zinc finger protein JAGGED-like; Acts with JAG to promote growth and patterning in stamens and carpels. Promotes the growth of the abaxial and adaxial sides of floral organs. Promotes the growth of the pollen-bearing microsporangia in anthers, the carpel walls of the gynoecium and the establishment of the correct number of cell layers in carpel walls. Promotes leaf blade growth and trichome development. (207 aa) | ||||
TPD1 | Protein TAPETUM DETERMINANT 1; Involved in cell specification during anther and pollen development. Required for the differentiation, specialization and persistence of tapetal cells in the anthers. May serve as an extracellular ligand for the EMS1 receptor kinase to signal cell fate determination during plant sexual reproduction. (176 aa) | ||||
SPL9 | Squamosa promoter-binding-like protein 9; Trans-acting factor that binds specifically to the consensus nucleotide sequence 5'-TNCGTACAA-3'. (375 aa) | ||||
BHLH10 | Transcription factor bHLH10. (458 aa) | ||||
T7B11.7 | Protein transport protein SEC23; Component of the coat protein complex II (COPII) which promotes the formation of transport vesicles from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). The coat has two main functions, the physical deformation of the endoplasmic reticulum membrane into vesicles and the selection of cargo molecules; Belongs to the SEC23/SEC24 family. SEC23 subfamily. (880 aa) | ||||
BHLH91 | Transcription factor bHLH91. (428 aa) | ||||
SPL8 | Squamosa promoter-binding-like protein 8; Trans-acting factor that binds specifically to the consensus nucleotide sequence 5'-TNCGTACAA-3'. Binds specifically to the 5'-GTAC- 3' core sequence. Involved in development and floral organogenesis. Required for ovule differentiation, pollen production, filament elongation, seed formation and siliques elongation. Also seems to play a role in the formation of trichomes on sepals. May positively modulate gibberellin (GA) signaling in flower. (333 aa) | ||||
GRXC8 | Glutaredoxin-C8; Has a glutathione-disulfide oxidoreductase activity in the presence of NADPH and glutathione reductase. Reduces low molecular weight disulfides and proteins (By similarity). Involved in flower development; Belongs to the glutaredoxin family. CC-type subfamily. (140 aa) | ||||
ARPN | Basic blue protein; Forms a concentration gradient along the pollen tube growth path, with a lower level in the stigma papilla cell wall and a higher level in the transmitting tract extracellular matix of the style. (129 aa) | ||||
ADPG2 | Polygalacturonase ADPG2; Polygalacturonase involved in cell separation in the final stages of pod shatter, in anther dehiscence and in floral organ abscission; Belongs to the glycosyl hydrolase 28 family. (433 aa) | ||||
SARK | Probable LRR receptor-like serine/threonine-protein kinase At4g30520; Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. Ser/Thr protein kinase family. (648 aa) | ||||
MYB33 | Transcription factor MYB33; Transcriptional activator of alpha-amylase expression that binds to 5'-CAACTGTC-3' motif in target gene promoter. Positive regulator of abscisic acid (ABA) responses leading to growth arrest during seed germination. In vegetative tissues, inhibits growth by reducing cell proliferation. Promotes the expression of aleurone-related genes (e.g. CP1, CP, GASA1, BXL1 and BXL2) in seeds. Together with MYB65 and MYB101, promotes the programmed cell death (PCD) the vacuolation of protein storage vacuoles (PSVs) in the aleurone layers during seed germination. Binds to [...] (520 aa) | ||||
TGA9 | Transcription factor TGA9; Together with TGA10, basic leucine-zipper transcription factor required for anther development, probably via the activation of SPL expression in anthers and via the regulation of genes with functions in early and middle tapetal development. Required for signaling responses to pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) such as flg22 that involves chloroplastic reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and subsequent expression of H(2)O(2)- responsive genes. (481 aa) | ||||
NIK3 | Protein NSP-INTERACTING KINASE 3; Involved in defense response to geminivirus infection. Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. Ser/Thr protein kinase family. (632 aa) | ||||
LRP1 | Protein LATERAL ROOT PRIMORDIUM 1; Transcription activator that binds DNA on 5'-ACTCTAC-3' and promotes auxin homeostasis-regulating gene expression (e.g. YUC genes), as well as genes affecting stamen development, cell expansion and timing of flowering. Synergistically with other SHI-related proteins, regulates gynoecium, stamen and leaf development in a dose-dependent manner, controlling apical-basal patterning. Promotes style and stigma formation, and influence vascular development during gynoecium development. May also have a role in the formation and/or maintenance of the shoot api [...] (320 aa) | ||||
GRXC7 | Glutaredoxin-C7; Has a glutathione-disulfide oxidoreductase activity in the presence of NADPH and glutathione reductase. Reduces low molecular weight disulfides and proteins (By similarity). Involved in flower development as a regulator of petal primorida initiation and further petal morphogenesis. May mediate post-translational modifications of target proteins required for normal petal organ initiation and morphogenesis. ROXY1/TGA protein interactions can occur in vivo and support their biological relevance in petal development. May be involved in the regulation of the floral regulato [...] (136 aa) | ||||
PER9 | Peroxidase 9; Removal of H(2)O(2), oxidation of toxic reductants, biosynthesis and degradation of lignin, suberization, auxin catabolism, response to environmental stresses such as wounding, pathogen attack and oxidative stress. These functions might be dependent on each isozyme/isoform in each plant tissue; Belongs to the peroxidase family. Classical plant (class III) peroxidase subfamily. (346 aa) | ||||
GAMMACA2 | Gamma carbonic anhydrase 2, mitochondrial; Enzyme involved in the catabolism of H(2)CO(3) but that does not mediates the reversible hydration of carbon dioxide. Mediates complex I assembly in mitochondria and respiration. Binds HCO(3)-. Required for male fertility during anther development and dehiscence to regulate the secondary thickenings of the endothecial cell wall, probably by modulating H(2)O(2)-dependent lignin polymerization; Belongs to the gamma-class carbonic anhydrase family. (278 aa) | ||||
SWEET13 | Bidirectional sugar transporter SWEET13; Mediates both low-affinity uptake and efflux of sugar across the plasma membrane. Involved in nurturing the male gametophyte. (294 aa) | ||||
CEP1-2 | KDEL-tailed cysteine endopeptidase CEP1; Possesses protease activity in vitro. Involved in the final stage of developmental programmed cell death and in intercalation of new cells. Cleaves extensins, thus probably supporting the final cell collapse. During the compatible interaction with the biotrophic powdery mildew fungus Erysiphe cruciferarum, involved in the control of late epidermal cell death that limits growth and susceptibility to the parasite. During anther development, involved in tapetal programmed cell death (PCD), leading to degeneration of tapetal cells and functional pol [...] (361 aa) | ||||
BZIP1 | Basic leucine zipper 1; Transcription factor that binds to the C-box-like motif (5'- TGCTGACGTCA-3') and G-box-like motif (5'-CCACGTGGCC-3'), ABRE elements, of gene promoters involved in sugar signaling. Activated by low energy stress both at transcriptional and post-transcriptional mechanisms. Promotes dark-induced senescence and participates in the transcriptional reprogramming of amino acid metabolism during the dark- induced starvation response. Transcription activator of the mannan synthase CSLA9. Recognizes and binds to DNA-specific sequence of CSLA9 promoter. Belongs to the bZIP [...] (145 aa) | ||||
ATL73 | RING-H2 finger protein ATL73; Belongs to the RING-type zinc finger family. ATL subfamily. (176 aa) | ||||
PM-ANT | Probable ADP,ATP carrier protein At5g56450; Catalyzes the exchange of ADP and ATP across the membrane. Belongs to the mitochondrial carrier (TC 2.A.29) family. (330 aa) | ||||
MS1-2 | PHD finger protein MALE STERILITY 1; Transcriptional activator required for anther and post- meiotic pollen development and maturation. Seems to regulate inflorescence branching and floral development. May control tapetal development by directly regulating tapetal programmed cell death (PCD) and breakdown. Implicated in pollen cytosolic components and wall development (e.g. exine and intine formation). (672 aa) | ||||
ATXR6 | Histone-lysine N-methyltransferase ATXR6; Histone methyltransferase that specifically monomethylates 'Lys-27' of histone H3 (H3K27me1). Has higher activity on nucleosomes containing H3.1 than H3.3. Involved in the formation of constitutive heterochromatin and the silencing of heterochromatic elements. May act as a positive regulator of the G1-S transition. Influences which sets of rRNA gene variants are expressed or silenced. Up-regulated by E2FB. (349 aa) | ||||
LOX4 | Lipoxygenase 4, chloroplastic; Plant lipoxygenases may be involved in a number of diverse aspects of plant physiology including growth and development, pest resistance, and senescence or responses to wounding. Catalyzes the hydroperoxidation of lipids containing a cis,cis-1,4-pentadiene structure (By similarity). 13S-lipoxygenase that can use linolenic acid as substrates. (926 aa) | ||||
MYB65 | Transcription factor MYB65; Transcriptional activator of alpha-amylase expression that binds to 5'-CAACTGTC-3' motif in target gene promoter. In vegetative tissues, inhibits growth by reducing cell proliferation. Promotes the expression of aleurone-related genes (e.g. CP1, CP, GASA1, BXL1 and BXL2) in seeds. Together with MYB33 and MYB101, promotes the programmed cell death (PCD) the vacuolation of protein storage vacuoles (PSVs) in the aleurone layers during seed germination. Together with MYB33, facilitates anther and tapetum development. (553 aa) | ||||
CYP703A2 | Cytochrome P450 703A2; Involved in pollen wall development. Catalyzes the conversion of medium-chain saturated fatty acids to the corresponding monohydroxylated fatty acids, with a preferential hydroxylation of lauric acid at the C-7 position. In-chain hydroxylated fatty acids, together with omega-hydroxylated fatty acids, are key monomeric aliphatic building blocks for sporopollenin synthesis during exine formation; Belongs to the cytochrome P450 family. (510 aa) | ||||
F12K21.2 | At1g34640. (110 aa) | ||||
LOX3 | Lipoxygenase 3, chloroplastic; 13S-lipoxygenase that can use linolenic acid as substrates. Plant lipoxygenases may be involved in a number of diverse aspects of plant physiology including growth and development, pest resistance, and senescence or responses to wounding. Catalyzes the hydroperoxidation of lipids containing a cis,cis-1,4-pentadiene structure (By similarity). (919 aa) | ||||
SRS5 | Protein SHI RELATED SEQUENCE 5; Transcription activator that binds DNA on 5'-ACTCTAC-3' and promotes auxin homeostasis-regulating gene expression (e.g. YUC genes), as well as genes affecting stamen development, cell expansion and timing of flowering. Synergistically with other SHI-related proteins, regulates gynoecium, stamen and leaf development in a dose-dependent manner, controlling apical-basal patterning. Promotes style and stigma formation, and influences vascular development during gynoecium development. May also have a role in the formation and/or maintenance of the shoot apica [...] (346 aa) | ||||
LFR | Armadillo repeat-containing protein LFR; Involved in leaf and flower development. Required for the formation of anther cell layers and normal expression of genes that regulates anther development. (460 aa) | ||||
MYB35 | Transcription factor MYB35; Required for anther development and early tapetal function during microspore maturation. Regulates callose dissolution required for microspores release from the tetrads. (317 aa) | ||||
GRP17 | Oleosin GRP-17; Lipid-binding oleosin pollen coat protein required to mediate pollen recognition by stigma cells and subsequent pollen hydration. Belongs to the oleosin family. (543 aa) | ||||
EMS1 | Leucine-rich repeat receptor protein kinase EMS1; Receptor with a serine/threonine-protein kinase activity required for the specification of the correct number of male archesporial initials and for the subsequent specification of tapetal and middle cell layer identities. In seeds, required for enhancing cell size and the rate of embryonic development. (1192 aa) | ||||
SAF1 | F-box/LRR-repeat protein At3g62440. (457 aa) | ||||
SPL15 | Squamosa promoter-binding-like protein 15; Trans-acting factor that binds specifically to the consensus nucleotide sequence 5'-TNCGTACAA-3'. (354 aa) | ||||
RPK2 | LRR receptor-like serine/threonine-protein kinase RPK2; Key regulator of anther development (e.g. lignification pattern), including tapetum degradation during pollen maturation (e.g. germination capacity). Together with RPK1, required for pattern formation along the radial axis (e.g. the apical embryonic domain cell types that generate cotyledon primordia), and the apical-basal axis (e.g. differentiation of the basal pole during early embryogenesis). (1151 aa) | ||||
SPL2 | Squamosa promoter-binding-like protein 2; Trans-acting factor that binds specifically to the consensus nucleotide sequence 5'-TNCGTACAA-3'. (419 aa) | ||||
GAPCP1 | Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase GAPCP1, chloroplastic; Involved in plastidial glycolytic pathway and plays a specific role in glycolytic energy production in non-green plastids and chloroplasts. Essential for breakdown of starch to form sucrose for export to non-photosynthetic tissues, and to generate primary metabolites for anabolic pathways such as fatty acid and amino acid synthesis. Plays an important role in plant development by providing substrates for the phosphorylated pathway of serine biosynthesis in roots. Plays a crucial role in pollen development. Functionally red [...] (422 aa) | ||||
WUS | Protein WUSCHEL; Transcription factor that plays a central role during early embryogenesis, oogenesis and flowering, probably by regulating expression of specific genes. Required to specify stem cell identity in meristems, such as shoot apical meristem (SAM). May induce shoot stem cells activity in order to maintain the stem cell identity. Involved in the developmental root meristem. In shoot apices, it is sufficient to induce the expression of CLV3, a putative ligand of the CLV signaling pathway. Also required to sustain organogenesis in the floral meristem by contributing to the expr [...] (292 aa) | ||||
SRS1 | Protein SHI RELATED SEQUENCE 1; Transcription activator that binds DNA on 5'-ACTCTAC-3' and promotes auxin homeostasis-regulating gene expression (e.g. YUC genes), as well as genes affecting stamen development, cell expansion and timing of flowering. Synergistically with other SHI-related proteins, regulates gynoecium, stamen and leaf development in a dose-dependent manner, controlling apical-basal patterning. Promotes style and stigma formation, and influences vascular development during gynoecium development. May also have a role in the formation and/or maintenance of the shoot apica [...] (370 aa) | ||||
QRT2 | Polygalacturonase QRT2; Polygalacturonase required for cell type-specific pectin degradation to separate microspores. Involved in anther dehiscence and floral organ abscission. (439 aa) | ||||
CYP94B3 | Cytochrome P450 94B3; Hydroxylase involved in the oxidation of the plant hormone jasmonoyl-L-isoleucine (JA-Ile), a bioactive phytohormone of the jasmonate-mediated signaling pathway. Converts JA-Ile to 12-hydroxy-JA- Ile. Exerts negative feedback control on JA-Ile levels and plays a key role in attenuation of jasmonate responses. Negatively regulates the expression of wound-induced genes TIFY11A/JAZ5, TIFY5A/JAZ8 and TIFY5A/JAZ10. Catalyzes the hydroxylation of jasmonoyl-L-valine (JA-Val), jasmonoyl-L-leucine (JA-Leu) and jasmonoyl-L-phenylalanine (JA-Phe) in vitro. Converts JA-Val, J [...] (506 aa) | ||||
SWEET14 | Bidirectional sugar transporter SWEET14; Mediates both low-affinity uptake and efflux of sugar across the plasma membrane. (281 aa) | ||||
SHI | Protein SHORT INTERNODES; Transcription activator that binds DNA on 5'-ACTCTAC-3' and promotes auxin homeostasis-regulating gene expression (e.g. YUC genes), as well as genes affecting stamen development, cell expansion and timing of flowering. Synergistically with other SHI-related proteins, regulates gynoecium, stamen and leaf development in a dose-dependent manner, controlling apical-basal patterning. Promotes style and stigma formation, and influences vascular development during gynoecium development. May also have a role in the formation and/or maintenance of the shoot apical meri [...] (331 aa) | ||||
MYB80 | Transcription factor MYB80; Transcription factor that binds to the DNA sequence 5'- CCAACC-3'. Regulates directly PME5, UND and GLOX1. Essential for tapetum development in anthers and microsporogenesis. Regulates the timing of tapetal programmed cell death (PCD) which is critical for pollen development. May act through the activation of UND, encoding an A1 aspartic protease. Required for anther development by regulating tapetum development, callose dissolution and exine formation. Acts upstream of A6 and FAR2/MS2, two genes required for pollen exine formation. Negatively regulates tric [...] (320 aa) | ||||
F10A12.14 | Sec23/sec24 transport family protein. (745 aa) | ||||
AMS | Transcription factor ABORTED MICROSPORES; Transcription factor. Plays a crucial role in tapetum development. Required for male fertility and pollen differentiation, especially during the post-meiotic transcriptional regulation of microspore development within the developing anther. Binds E-box regions in the AHL16/TEK promoter. (571 aa) |