STRINGSTRING
FAO1 FAO1 MTHFR2 MTHFR2 FAO4A FAO4A SQE5 SQE5 SQE4 SQE4 SQE6 SQE6 ACX1 ACX1 ACX2 ACX2 F19I3.4 F19I3.4 MEE23 MEE23 YUC9 YUC9 YUC7 YUC7 UVR3 UVR3 D2HGDH D2HGDH YUC3 YUC3 CKX1 CKX1 MSG15.1 MSG15.1 LPD2 LPD2 XDH2 XDH2 COQ6 COQ6 F4IY04_ARATH F4IY04_ARATH F12K21.9 F12K21.9 LPD1 LPD1 FMOGS-OX5 FMOGS-OX5 F7A19.28 F7A19.28 SQE2 SQE2 GULLO5 GULLO5 GULLO6 GULLO6 MO1 MO1 MO2 MO2 CTF2B CTF2B SDH1-1 SDH1-1 ACX3 ACX3 F3E22.17 F3E22.17 NIA2 NIA2 NIA1 NIA1 ALS ALS EMB2360 EMB2360 GR1-2 GR1-2 MDAR5 MDAR5 POX1 POX1 DIM DIM CRY1 CRY1 F5O11.31 F5O11.31 CKX5 CKX5 Q6ID26_ARATH Q6ID26_ARATH POX2 POX2 ATR3 ATR3 GULLO2 GULLO2 AAO4 AAO4 AAO2 AAO2 AAO1 AAO1 AAO3 AAO3 AERO2 AERO2 CRYD CRYD CBSDUFCH2 CBSDUFCH2 XDH1 XDH1 ERV1 ERV1 EMB2421 EMB2421 PHR2 PHR2 IBR3 IBR3 SQE3 SQE3 YUC6 YUC6 MFDR MFDR MDAR2 MDAR2 FMOGS-OX4 FMOGS-OX4 T17H7.1 T17H7.1 Q93ZK1_ARATH Q93ZK1_ARATH DLD DLD FAO4B FAO4B T3P18.16 T3P18.16 FMOGS-OX2 FMOGS-OX2 MSG15.3 MSG15.3 ACX4 ACX4 CRY2 CRY2 Q9C574_ARATH Q9C574_ARATH GULLO1 GULLO1 ETFA ETFA AERO1 AERO1 F9N12.4 F9N12.4 F2K11.25 F2K11.25 MXM12.4 MXM12.4 ZEP ZEP K21H1.18 K21H1.18 MFC16.10 MFC16.10 MFC16.3 MFC16.3 K16F13.5 K16F13.5 FMO2 FMO2 K9L2.20 K9L2.20 K9L2.19 K9L2.19 K9L2.18 K9L2.18 K9L2.15 K9L2.15 MO3 MO3 MFB13.9 MFB13.9 GULLO4 GULLO4 PAO1 PAO1 CKX7 CKX7 CKX4 CKX4 CKX2 CKX2 YUC10 YUC10 T28K15.13 T28K15.13 T28K15.10 T28K15.10 FMO FMO FOX1 FOX1 FOX2 FOX2 FOX3 FOX3 FOX4 FOX4 FOX5 FOX5 L2HGDH L2HGDH MDAR1 MDAR1 F2I11.220 F2I11.220 YUC4 YUC4 CBSDUFCH1 CBSDUFCH1 MDAR4 MDAR4 YUC5 YUC5 FMO1 FMO1 ACX3.2 ACX3.2 SEC1A-2 SEC1A-2 YUC11 YUC11 CKX3 CKX3 GLT1 GLT1 FAO3 FAO3 F26G5_140 F26G5_140 CKX6 CKX6 GULLO3 GULLO3 LPD2-2 LPD2-2 LPD1-2 LPD1-2 HTH HTH T5I8.15 T5I8.15 T5I8.16 T5I8.16 T5I8.17 T5I8.17 T5I8.18 T5I8.18 T5I8.19 T5I8.19 F25C20.7 F25C20.7 PHR1-2 PHR1-2 ATR1 ATR1 MTHFR1 MTHFR1 F2K11.23-2 F2K11.23-2 T26C18.3 T26C18.3 F25P17.12 F25P17.12 SQE1 SQE1 MDAR3 MDAR3 FMOGS-OX1 FMOGS-OX1 F3N23.25 F3N23.25 GLDH GLDH PAO5 PAO5 FAD-OXR FAD-OXR ATR2 ATR2 F21C20.190 F21C20.190 F21C20.180 F21C20.180 F21C20.170 F21C20.170 F21C20.150 F21C20.150 YUC2 YUC2 YUC8 YUC8 IVD IVD T3P18.18 T3P18.18 NOGC1 NOGC1 FMOGS-OX3 FMOGS-OX3 YUC1 YUC1 F19H22.4 F19H22.4 F9L1.8 F9L1.8 F7A19.27 F7A19.27 SDH1-2 SDH1-2 CTF2A CTF2A ACX1.2 ACX1.2
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FAO1Long-chain-alcohol oxidase FAO1; Long-chain fatty alcohol oxidase involved in the omega- oxidation pathway of lipid degradation. (758 aa)
MTHFR2Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase 2; The probable reversibility of the MTHFR reaction in plants suggests that they can metabolize the methyl group of 5,10- methylenetetrahydrofolate to serine, sugars and starch. (594 aa)
FAO4ALong-chain-alcohol oxidase FAO4A; Long-chain fatty alcohol oxidase involved in the omega- oxidation pathway of lipid degradation. (726 aa)
SQE5Squalene epoxidase 5; Catalyzes the stereospecific oxidation of squalene to (S)- 2,3-epoxysqualene, and is considered to be a rate-limiting enzyme in steroid biosynthesis. (516 aa)
SQE4Squalene epoxidase 4; Catalyzes the stereospecific oxidation of squalene to (S)- 2,3-epoxysqualene, and is considered to be a rate-limiting enzyme in steroid biosynthesis. (516 aa)
SQE6Squalene epoxidase 6; Catalyzes the stereospecific oxidation of squalene to (S)- 2,3-epoxysqualene, and is considered to be a rate-limiting enzyme in steroid biosynthesis. (517 aa)
ACX1Peroxisomal acyl-coenzyme A oxidase 1; Catalyzes the desaturation of both long- and medium-chain acyl-CoAs to 2-trans-enoyl-CoAs. Most active with C14-CoA. Activity on long-chain mono-unsaturated substrates is 40% higher than with the corresponding saturated substrates. Seems to be an important factor in the general metabolism of root tips. May be involved in the biosynthesis of jasmonic acid. (664 aa)
ACX2Acyl-coenzyme A oxidase 2, peroxisomal; Catalyzes the desaturation of long-chain acyl-CoAs to 2- trans-enoyl-CoAs. Active on substrates longer than C14 and mostly with C18-CoA. Activity on long-chain mono-unsaturated substrates is double than with the corresponding saturated substrates. (692 aa)
F19I3.4Berberine bridge enzyme-like 16. (540 aa)
MEE23Berberine bridge enzyme-like 15; Required for endosperm development and polar nuclei fusion. Mediates oxidation of cinnamyl alcohol and of p- hydroxylated derivatives of cinnamyl alcohol (i.e. the monolignols p- coumaryl-, coniferyl-, and sinapyl alcohol) to their corresponding aldehydes. Can use cinnamyl alcohol and derivatives, as well as beta-O- glycosylated form of coniferyl alcohol (coniferin) as substrate. (532 aa)
YUC9Probable indole-3-pyruvate monooxygenase YUCCA9; Involved in auxin biosynthesis. Belongs to the set of redundant YUCCA genes probably responsible for auxin biosynthesis in roots. (421 aa)
YUC7Probable indole-3-pyruvate monooxygenase YUCCA7; Involved in auxin biosynthesis. Belongs to the set of redundant YUCCA genes probably responsible for auxin biosynthesis in roots. (431 aa)
UVR3(6-4)DNA photolyase; Involved in repair of UV radiation-induced DNA damage. Catalyzes the photoreactivation of pyrimidine [6-4] pyrimidone photoproduct (6-4 products). Binds specifically to DNA containing 6-4 products and repairs these lesions in a visible light-dependent manner. Not required for repair of cyclobutane pyrimidine dimer (CPD). (556 aa)
D2HGDHD-2-hydroxyglutarate dehydrogenase, mitochondrial; Catalyzes the oxidation of (R)-2-hydroxyglutarate to 2- oxoglutarate. May be involved in the catabolism of propionyl-CoA derived from beta-oxidation. Involved in degradation of lysine for the supply of carbon and electrons to the ETF/ETFQO complex during dark- induced sugar starvation; Belongs to the FAD-binding oxidoreductase/transferase type 4 family. (559 aa)
YUC3Probable indole-3-pyruvate monooxygenase YUCCA3; Involved in auxin biosynthesis. Belongs to the set of redundant YUCCA genes probably responsible for auxin biosynthesis in roots. (437 aa)
CKX1Cytokinin dehydrogenase 1; Catalyzes the oxidation of cytokinins, a family of N(6)- substituted adenine derivatives that are plant hormones, where the substituent is an isopentenyl group. (575 aa)
MSG15.1Glucose-methanol-choline (GMC) oxidoreductase family protein. (582 aa)
LPD2Dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase 2, chloroplastic; Lipoamide dehydrogenase is a component of the plastidial pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDC); Belongs to the class-I pyridine nucleotide-disulfide oxidoreductase family. (567 aa)
XDH2Xanthine dehydrogenase 2; Key enzyme involved in purine catabolism. Catalyzes the oxidation of hypoxanthine to xanthine and the oxidation of xanthine to urate. Regulates the level of ureides and plays a role during plant growth and development and senescence. (1353 aa)
COQ6Ubiquinone biosynthesis monooxygenase COQ6, mitochondrial; FAD-dependent monooxygenase required for the C5-ring hydroxylation during ubiquinone biosynthesis. Catalyzes the hydroxylation of 3-polyprenyl-4-hydroxybenzoic acid to 3-polyprenyl- 4,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid. The electrons required for the hydroxylation reaction may be funneled indirectly from NADPH via a ferredoxin/ferredoxin reductase system to COQ6. (507 aa)
F4IY04_ARATHAldolase-type TIM barrel family protein. (329 aa)
F12K21.9Berberine bridge enzyme-like 14. (527 aa)
LPD1Dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase 1, chloroplastic; Lipoamide dehydrogenase is a component of the plastidial pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDC). (623 aa)
FMOGS-OX5Flavin-containing monooxygenase FMO GS-OX5; Catalyzes the conversion of methylthioalkyl glucosinolates into methylsulfinylalkyl glucosinolates. Specific for 8-methylthiooctyl (8-MTO) glucosinolates; Belongs to the FMO family. (459 aa)
F7A19.28Glucose-methanol-choline (GMC) oxidoreductase family protein. (522 aa)
SQE2Squalene epoxidase 2, mitochondrial; Catalyzes the stereospecific oxidation of squalene to (S)- 2,3-epoxysqualene, and is considered to be a rate-limiting enzyme in steroid biosynthesis. Produces primarily oxidosqualene. (585 aa)
GULLO5L-gulonolactone oxidase 5; Catalyzes the oxidation of L-gulono-1,4-lactone to ascorbic acid. L-gulono-1,4-lactone is oxidized to hydrogen peroxide and L-xylo-hexulonolactone which spontaneously isomerizes to L-ascorbate (By similarity); Belongs to the oxygen-dependent FAD-linked oxidoreductase family. (590 aa)
GULLO6Probable L-gulonolactone oxidase 6; May be involved in the biosynthesis of ascorbic acid. Belongs to the oxygen-dependent FAD-linked oxidoreductase family. (603 aa)
MO1Monooxygenase 1; Belongs to the 3-hydroxybenzoate 6-hydroxylase family. (397 aa)
MO2Monooxygenase 2. (407 aa)
CTF2BFAD/NAD(P)-binding oxidoreductase family protein. (427 aa)
SDH1-1Succinate dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] flavoprotein subunit 1, mitochondrial; Flavoprotein (FP) subunit of succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) that is involved in complex II of the mitochondrial electron transport chain and is responsible for transferring electrons from succinate to ubiquinone (coenzyme Q). (634 aa)
ACX3Acyl-coenzyme A oxidase 3, peroxisomal; Catalyzes the desaturation of medium-chain acyl-CoAs to 2- trans-enoyl-CoAs. Active on C8:0- to C14:0-CoA with a maximal activity on C12:0-CoA. (675 aa)
F3E22.17Putative acyl-coenzyme A oxidase At3g06690. (187 aa)
NIA2Nitrate reductase [NADH] 2; Nitrate reductase is a key enzyme involved in the first step of nitrate assimilation in plants, fungi and bacteria. (917 aa)
NIA1Nitrate reductase [NADH] 1; Nitrate reductase is a key enzyme involved in the first step of nitrate assimilation in plants, fungi and bacteria. (917 aa)
ALSAcetolactate synthase, chloroplastic; Catalyzes the formation of acetolactate from pyruvate, the first step in valine and isoleucine biosynthesis. (670 aa)
EMB2360Glutathione reductase, chloroplastic; Maintains high levels of reduced glutathione in the chloroplast. (565 aa)
GR1-2Glutathione reductase, cytosolic; Maintains high levels of reduced glutathione in the cytosol. (499 aa)
MDAR5Monodehydroascorbate reductase, chloroplastic/mitochondrial; Catalyzes the conversion of monodehydroascorbate (MDA) to ascorbate, oxidizing NADH in the process. Can also use 2,4,6- trinitrotoluene (TNT) and 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (CDNB) as substrates, but not 1-chloro-4-nitrobenzene (CNB). Belongs to the FAD-dependent oxidoreductase family. (493 aa)
POX1Proline dehydrogenase 1, mitochondrial; Converts proline to delta-1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate. Belongs to the proline oxidase family. (499 aa)
DIMDelta(24)-sterol reductase; Plays a critical role in the general process of plant cell elongation. Involved in the synthesis of campesterol, an early precursor of brassinolide. Required for the conversion of 24- methylenecholesterol to campesterol and for the conversion of isofucosterol to sitosterol. Necessary for both the isomerization and reduction of 24-methylenecholesterol. Regulates indirectly phytochrome- mediated light responses through the modulation of brassinosteroid biosynthesis. (561 aa)
CRY1Cryptochrome-1; Photoreceptor that mediates primarily blue light inhibition of hypocotyl elongation and photoperiodic control of floral initiation, and regulates other light responses, including circadian rhythms, tropic growth, stomata opening, guard cell development, root development, bacterial and viral pathogen responses, abiotic stress responses, cell cycles, programmed cell death, apical dominance, fruit and ovule development, seed dormancy, and magnetoreception. Photoexcited cryptochromes interact with signaling partner proteins to alter gene expression at both transcriptional a [...] (681 aa)
F5O11.31Glucose-methanol-choline (GMC) oxidoreductase family protein. (572 aa)
CKX5Cytokinin dehydrogenase 5; Catalyzes the oxidation of cytokinins, a family of N(6)- substituted adenine derivatives that are plant hormones, where the substituent is an isopentenyl group. (540 aa)
Q6ID26_ARATHFAD/NAD(P)-binding oxidoreductase family protein. (121 aa)
POX2Proline dehydrogenase 2, mitochondrial; Converts proline to delta-1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate. (476 aa)
ATR3NADPH-dependent diflavin oxidoreductase 1; Component of the cytosolic iron-sulfur (Fe-S) protein assembly (CIA) machinery. Required for the maturation of extramitochondrial Fe-S proteins. Part of an electron transfer chain functioning in an early step of cytosolic Fe-S biogenesis. Transfers electrons from NADPH to the Fe-S cluster of the anamorsin/DRE2 homolog (By similarity). Catalyzes the NADP-dependent reduction of cytochrome c, but not cytochrome P450 in vitro. Required for embryo development. Belongs to the NADPH-dependent diflavin oxidoreductase NDOR1 family. In the C-terminal se [...] (623 aa)
GULLO2L-gulonolactone oxidase 2; Catalyzes the oxidation of L-gulono-1,4-lactone to ascorbic acid. L-gulono-1,4-lactone is oxidized to hydrogen peroxide and L-xylo-hexulonolactone which spontaneously isomerizes to L-ascorbate (By similarity). (591 aa)
AAO4Aldehyde oxidase 4; Aldehyde oxidase with a broad substrate specificity. Involved in the accumulation of benzoic acid (BA) in siliques. Delays and protects siliques from senescence by catalyzing aldehyde detoxification in siliques. Catalyzes the oxidation of an array of aromatic and aliphatic aldehydes, including vanillin and the reactive carbonyl species (RCS) acrolein, 4- hydroxyl-2-nonenal (HNE), and malondialdehyde (MDA). Belongs to the xanthine dehydrogenase family. (1337 aa)
AAO2Indole-3-acetaldehyde oxidase; In higher plant aldehyde oxidases (AO) appear to be homo- and heterodimeric assemblies of AO subunits with probably different physiological functions. In vitro, AO-gamma uses heptaldehyde, benzaldehyde, naphthaldehyde and cinnamaldehyde as substrates; AO-beta uses indole-3-acetaldehyde (IAAld), indole-3-aldehyde (IAld) and naphtaldehyde; the AAO2-AAO3 dimer uses abscisic aldehyde; Belongs to the xanthine dehydrogenase family. (1321 aa)
AAO1Indole-3-acetaldehyde oxidase; In higher plants aldehyde oxidases (AO) appear to be homo- and heterodimeric assemblies of AO subunits with probably different physiological functions. AO-alpha may be involved in the biosynthesis of auxin, and in biosynthesis of abscisic acid (ABA) in seeds. In vitro, AO-alpha uses heptaldehyde, protocatechualdehyde, benzaldehyde, indole-3-aldehyde (IAld), indole-3-acetaldehyde (IAAld), cinnamaldehyde and citral as substrates; AO-beta uses IAAld, IAld and naphtaldehyde as substrates; Belongs to the xanthine dehydrogenase family. (1368 aa)
AAO3Abscisic-aldehyde oxidase; In higher plants aldehyde oxidases (AO) appear to be homo- and heterodimeric assemblies of AO subunits with probably different physiological functions. AO-delta seems to be involved in the last step of abscisic acid biosynthesis, at least in leaves and seeds. In vitro, AO-delta oxidizes abscisic aldehyde to abscisic acid (ABA). In vitro, AO-delta also uses indole-3-aldehyde (IAld), benzaldehyde, 1- naphthaldehyde and cinnamaldehyde as substrate; the AAO2-AAO3 dimer also uses abscisic aldehyde as substrate. (1332 aa)
AERO2Endoplasmic reticulum oxidoreductin-2; Essential oxidoreductase that oxidizes proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum to produce disulfide bonds. Acts by oxidizing directly PDI isomerase through a direct disulfide exchange. Does not act as a direct oxidant of folding substrate, but relies on PDI to transfer oxidizing equivalent. Does not oxidize all PDI related proteins, suggesting that it can discriminate between PDI and related proteins. Its reoxidation probably involves electron transfer to molecular oxygen via FAD. Acts independently of glutathione. May be responsible for a significa [...] (472 aa)
CRYDCryptochrome DASH, chloroplastic/mitochondrial; May have a photoreceptor function. Binds ss- and ds-DNA in a sequence non-specific manner. Has a photolyase activity specific for cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers in ssDNA; Belongs to the DNA photolyase class-1 family. (569 aa)
CBSDUFCH2DUF21 domain-containing protein At1g55930, chloroplastic. (653 aa)
XDH1Xanthine dehydrogenase 1; Key enzyme involved in purine catabolism. Catalyzes the oxidation of hypoxanthine to xanthine and the oxidation of xanthine to urate. Regulates the level of ureides and plays an important role during plant growth and development, senescence and response to stresses. Possesses NADH oxidase activity and may contribute to the generation of superoxide anions in planta. (1361 aa)
ERV1FAD-linked sulfhydryl oxidase ERV1; FAD-dependent sulfhydryl oxidase that catalyzes disulfide bond formation (By similarity). Oxidizes thioredoxin in vitro. Required for the import and folding of small cysteine-containing proteins in the mitochondrial intermembrane space. Forms a redox cycle with MIA40 that involves a disulfide relay system. Important for maintaining the cysteine residues in MIA40 in an oxidized state (By similarity). (191 aa)
EMB2421FAD/NAD(P)-binding oxidoreductase family protein. (709 aa)
PHR2Blue-light photoreceptor PHR2. (447 aa)
IBR3Probable acyl-CoA dehydrogenase IBR3; Involved with IBR1 and IBR10 in the peroxisomal beta- oxidation of indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) to form indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), a biologically active auxin. May be responsible for catalyzing the first step in IBA-CoA beta-oxidation. May play a role in defense response to pathogenic bacteria. (824 aa)
SQE3Squalene epoxidase 3; Catalyzes the stereospecific oxidation of squalene to (S)- 2,3-epoxysqualene, and is considered to be a rate-limiting enzyme in steroid biosynthesis. Can produce not only oxidosqualene, but also 2,3:22,23-dioxidosqualene. (525 aa)
YUC6Indole-3-pyruvate monooxygenase YUCCA6; Involved in auxin biosynthesis via the indole-3-pyruvic acid (IPA) pathway. Also able to convert in vitro phenyl pyruvate (PPA) to phenyl acetic acid (PAA). Required for the formation of floral organs and vascular tissues. Belongs to the set of redundant YUCCA genes probably responsible for auxin biosynthesis in shoots. (417 aa)
MFDRNADPH:adrenodoxin oxidoreductase, mitochondrial; Associates in vitro with the adrenodoxin-like protein MFDX1 to form an efficient low potential electron transfer chain that is able to reduce cytochrome C. Functions as accessory mitochondrial protein involved with BIO2 in the plant biotin synthase reaction. (483 aa)
MDAR2Monodehydroascorbate reductase 2; Catalyzes the conversion of monodehydroascorbate to ascorbate, oxidizing NADH in the process. (435 aa)
FMOGS-OX4Flavin-containing monooxygenase FMO GS-OX4; Catalyzes the conversion of methylthioalkyl glucosinolates of any chain length into methylsulfinylalkyl glucosinolates. Belongs to the FMO family. (461 aa)
T17H7.1Berberine bridge enzyme-like 13; Mediates oxidation of cinnamyl alcohol and of p-hydroxylated derivatives of cinnamyl alcohol (i.e. the monolignols p-coumaryl-, coniferyl-, and sinapyl alcohol) to their corresponding aldehydes. Can use cinnamyl alcohol and derivatives, as well as beta-O-glycosylated form of coniferyl alcohol (coniferin) as substrate. Belongs to the oxygen-dependent FAD-linked oxidoreductase family. (534 aa)
Q93ZK1_ARATHGlucose-methanol-choline (GMC) oxidoreductase family protein. (577 aa)
DLDD-lactate dehydrogenase [cytochrome], mitochondrial; Catalyzes the stereospecific oxidation of D-lactate to pyruvate. Involved in the detoxification of methylglyoxal and D- lactate, but probably not involved in the metabolization of glycolate. Belongs to the FAD-binding oxidoreductase/transferase type 4 family. (567 aa)
FAO4BLong-chain-alcohol oxidase FAO4B; Long-chain fatty alcohol oxidase involved in the omega- oxidation pathway of lipid degradation. (748 aa)
T3P18.16Flavin-containing monooxygenase FMO GS-OX-like 4; Catalyzes the conversion of methylthioalkyl glucosinolates of any chain length into methylsulfinylalkyl glucosinolates. Belongs to the FMO family. (452 aa)
FMOGS-OX2Flavin-containing monooxygenase FMO GS-OX2; Catalyzes the conversion of methylthioalkyl glucosinolates of any chain length into methylsulfinylalkyl glucosinolates. (457 aa)
MSG15.3Glucose-methanol-choline (GMC) oxidoreductase family protein. (586 aa)
ACX4Acyl-coenzyme A oxidase 4, peroxisomal; Catalyzes the desaturation of short-chain acyl-CoAs to 2- trans-enoyl-CoAs. Active on butyryl-CoA (C4), hexanoyl-CoA (C6), and octanoyl-CoA (C8). Has no activity as acyl-CoA dehydrogenase or on crotonyl-CoA (an unsaturated C4:1 carbocyclic ester) or glutaryl-CoA (a dicarboxylic ester). (436 aa)
CRY2Cryptochrome-2; Photoreceptor that mediates primarily blue light inhibition of hypocotyl elongation and photoperiodic control of floral initiation, and regulates other light responses, including circadian rhythms, tropic growth, stomata opening, guard cell development, root development, bacterial and viral pathogen responses, abiotic stress responses, cell cycles, programmed cell death, apical dominance, fruit and ovule development, seed dormancy, and magnetoreception. Photoexcited cryptochromes interact with signaling partner proteins to alter gene expression at both transcriptional a [...] (612 aa)
Q9C574_ARATHFAD/NAD(P)-binding oxidoreductase family protein. (365 aa)
GULLO1Probable L-gulonolactone oxidase 1; May be involved in the biosynthesis of ascorbic acid. Belongs to the oxygen-dependent FAD-linked oxidoreductase family. (595 aa)
ETFAElectron transfer flavoprotein subunit alpha, mitochondrial; The electron transfer flavoprotein serves as a specific electron acceptor for several dehydrogenases, including five acyl-CoA dehydrogenases, glutaryl-CoA and sarcosine dehydrogenase. It transfers the electrons to the main mitochondrial respiratory chain via ETF- ubiquinone oxidoreductase (ETF dehydrogenase). Involved in leucine catabolism and in phytol degradation (By similarity). (363 aa)
AERO1Endoplasmic reticulum oxidoreductin-1; Essential oxidoreductase that oxidizes proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum to produce disulfide bonds. Acts by oxidizing directly PDI isomerase through a direct disulfide exchange. Does not act as a direct oxidant of folding substrate, but relies on PDI to transfer oxidizing equivalent. Does not oxidize all PDI related proteins, suggesting that it can discriminate between PDI and related proteins. Its reoxidation probably involves electron transfer to molecular oxygen via FAD. Acts independently of glutathione. May be responsible for a significa [...] (469 aa)
F9N12.4Putative flavin-containing monooxygenase FMO GS-OX-like 10; Catalyzes the conversion of methylthioalkyl glucosinolates of any chain length into methylsulfinylalkyl glucosinolates. Belongs to the FMO family. (448 aa)
F2K11.25Flavin-containing monooxygenase FMO GS-OX-like 5; Catalyzes the conversion of methylthioalkyl glucosinolates of any chain length into methylsulfinylalkyl glucosinolates. Belongs to the FMO family. (450 aa)
MXM12.4Flavin-containing monooxygenase FMO GS-OX-like 9; Catalyzes the conversion of methylthioalkyl glucosinolates of any chain length into methylsulfinylalkyl glucosinolates. Belongs to the FMO family. (460 aa)
ZEPZeaxanthin epoxidase, chloroplastic; Zeaxanthin epoxidase that plays an important role in the xanthophyll cycle and abscisic acid (ABA) biosynthesis. Converts zeaxanthin into antheraxanthin and subsequently violaxanthin. Required for resistance to osmotic and drought stresses, ABA-dependent stomatal closure, seed development and dormancy, modulation of defense gene expression and disease resistance and non-photochemical quencing (NPQ). Through its role in ABA biosynthesis, regulates the expression of stress-responsive genes such as RD29A during osmotic stress and is required for normal [...] (667 aa)
K21H1.18FMN-linked oxidoreductases superfamily protein. (423 aa)
MFC16.10Berberine bridge enzyme-like 28; Involved in adaptation to salt stress. Belongs to the oxygen-dependent FAD-linked oxidoreductase family. (533 aa)
MFC16.3Berberine bridge enzyme-like 27. (535 aa)
K16F13.5tRNA-dihydrouridine synthase; Catalyzes the synthesis of dihydrouridine, a modified base found in the D-loop of most tRNAs; Belongs to the dus family. (387 aa)
FMO2Putative flavin-containing monooxygenase 2. (459 aa)
K9L2.20Berberine bridge enzyme-like 26. (537 aa)
K9L2.19Berberine bridge enzyme-like 25; Belongs to the oxygen-dependent FAD-linked oxidoreductase family. (542 aa)
K9L2.18Berberine bridge enzyme-like 24. (541 aa)
K9L2.15Berberine bridge enzyme-like 23; Belongs to the oxygen-dependent FAD-linked oxidoreductase family. (532 aa)
MO3Monooxygenase 3. (406 aa)
MFB13.9Flavin-containing monooxygenase FMO GS-OX-like 8; Catalyzes the conversion of methylthioalkyl glucosinolates of any chain length into methylsulfinylalkyl glucosinolates. (461 aa)
GULLO4Probable L-gulonolactone oxidase 4; May be involved in the biosynthesis of ascorbic acid. Belongs to the oxygen-dependent FAD-linked oxidoreductase family. (577 aa)
PAO1Polyamine oxidase 1; Flavoenzyme involved in polyamine back-conversion. Catalyzes the oxidation of the secondary amino group of polyamines, such as spermine and its acetyl derivatives. Substrate preference is thermospermine > norspermine > spermine > N(1)-acetylspermine. No activity detected when putrescine, spermidine or N(1)-acetylspermidine are used as substrates. Plays an important role in the regulation of polyamine intracellular concentration (Probable). Involved in the production of hydrogen peroxide in response to salt and cold stresses. (472 aa)
CKX7Cytokinin dehydrogenase 7; Catalyzes the oxidation of cytokinins, a family of N(6)- substituted adenine derivatives that are plant hormones, where the substituent is an isopentenyl group. (524 aa)
CKX4Cytokinin dehydrogenase 4; Catalyzes the oxidation of cytokinins, a family of N(6)- substituted adenine derivatives that are plant hormones, where the substituent is an isopentenyl group; Belongs to the oxygen-dependent FAD-linked oxidoreductase family. (524 aa)
CKX2Cytokinin dehydrogenase 2; Catalyzes the oxidation of cytokinins, a family of N(6)- substituted adenine derivatives that are plant hormones, where the substituent is an isopentenyl group; Belongs to the oxygen-dependent FAD-linked oxidoreductase family. (501 aa)
YUC10Probable indole-3-pyruvate monooxygenase YUCCA10; Involved in auxin biosynthesis. Belongs to the FMO family. (383 aa)
T28K15.13Flavin-containing monooxygenase FMO GS-OX-like 6; Catalyzes the conversion of methylthioalkyl glucosinolates of any chain length into methylsulfinylalkyl glucosinolates. Belongs to the FMO family. (470 aa)
T28K15.10Flavin-containing monooxygenase FMO GS-OX-like 1; Catalyzes the conversion of methylthioalkyl glucosinolates of any chain length into methylsulfinylalkyl glucosinolates. Belongs to the FMO family. (468 aa)
FMOFlavin-containing monooxygenase FMO GS-OX-like 2; Catalyzes the conversion of methylthioalkyl glucosinolates of any chain length into methylsulfinylalkyl glucosinolates. Belongs to the FMO family. (465 aa)
FOX1Berberine bridge enzyme-like 3; Flavin-dependent oxidoreductase involved in the biosynthetic pathway to 4-hydroxyindole-3-carbonyl nitrile (4-OH-ICN), a cyanogenic metabolite required for inducible pathogen defense. Converts indole cyanohydrin into indole-3-carbonyl nitrile (ICN). Belongs to the oxygen-dependent FAD-linked oxidoreductase family. (535 aa)
FOX2Berberine bridge enzyme-like 4; Probable flavin-dependent oxidoreductase. (530 aa)
FOX3Berberine bridge enzyme-like 5; Probable flavin-dependent oxidoreductase. (527 aa)
FOX4Berberine bridge enzyme-like 6; Probable flavin-dependent oxidoreductase. (552 aa)
FOX5Berberine bridge enzyme-like 7; Probable flavin-dependent oxidoreductase. (529 aa)
L2HGDHL-2-hydroxyglutarate dehydrogenase, mitochondrial; Catalyzes the oxidation of (S)-2-hydroxyglutarate to 2- oxoglutarate. Is specific for the (S) enantiomer and possesses very poor activity toward (R)-2-hydroxyglutarate. Has no activity toward related 2-hydroxy acids, such as glycolate, L-lactate or D-lactate. Belongs to the L2HGDH family. (483 aa)
MDAR1Monodehydroascorbate reductase 1, peroxisomal; Catalyzes the conversion of monodehydroascorbate to ascorbate, oxidizing NADH in the process. Belongs to the FAD-dependent oxidoreductase family. (434 aa)
F2I11.220FAD/NAD(P)-binding oxidoreductase family protein. (408 aa)
YUC4Probable indole-3-pyruvate monooxygenase YUCCA4; Involved in auxin biosynthesis. Both isoforms are catalitically active. Involved during embryogenesis and seedling development. Required for the formation of floral organs and vascular tissues. Belongs to the set of redundant YUCCA genes probably responsible for auxin biosynthesis in shoots. (411 aa)
CBSDUFCH1Putative DUF21 domain-containing protein At3g13070, chloroplastic. (661 aa)
MDAR4Monodehydroascorbate reductase 4, peroxisomal; Catalyzes the conversion of monodehydroascorbate to ascorbate, oxidizing NADH in the process. Involved in the detoxification of H(2)O(2) that escapes the peroxisome and causes oxidative damage to oil bodies. Belongs to the FAD-dependent oxidoreductase family. (488 aa)
YUC5Probable indole-3-pyruvate monooxygenase YUCCA5; Involved in auxin biosynthesis. Belongs to the set of redundant YUCCA genes probably responsible for auxin biosynthesis in roots. (424 aa)
FMO1Probable flavin-containing monooxygenase 1; Required for the establishment of systemic acquired resistance (SAR). Not involved in local defense mechanisms. Confers a salicylic acid-dependent (SA) resistance to virulent pathogens such as P.syringae pv tomato and H.parasitica. (530 aa)
ACX3.2Putative acyl-coenzyme A oxidase 3.2, peroxisomal; Catalyzes the desaturation of acyl-CoAs to 2-trans-enoyl- CoAs. (675 aa)
SEC1A-2Berberine bridge enzyme-like 1; Belongs to the oxygen-dependent FAD-linked oxidoreductase family. (541 aa)
YUC11Probable indole-3-pyruvate monooxygenase YUCCA11; Involved in auxin biosynthesis. Belongs to the FMO family. (391 aa)
CKX3Cytokinin dehydrogenase 3; Catalyzes the oxidation of cytokinins, a family of N(6)- substituted adenine derivatives that are plant hormones, where the substituent is an isopentenyl group. (523 aa)
GLT1Glutamate synthase 1 [NADH], chloroplastic; Involved in glutamate biosynthesis. Required for non- photorespiratory ammonium assimilation. Probably involved in primary ammonium assimilation in roots. (2208 aa)
FAO3Long-chain-alcohol oxidase FAO3; Long-chain fatty alcohol oxidase involved in the omega- oxidation pathway of lipid degradation; Belongs to the GMC oxidoreductase family. (746 aa)
F26G5_140FAD/NAD(P)-binding oxidoreductase family protein. (367 aa)
CKX6Cytokinin dehydrogenase 6; Catalyzes the oxidation of cytokinins, a family of N(6)- substituted adenine derivatives that are plant hormones, where the substituent is an isopentenyl group; Belongs to the oxygen-dependent FAD-linked oxidoreductase family. (533 aa)
GULLO3L-gulonolactone oxidase 3; Catalyzes the oxidation of L-gulono-1,4-lactone to ascorbic acid. L-gulono-1,4-lactone is oxidized to hydrogen peroxide and L-xylo-hexulonolactone which spontaneously isomerizes to L-ascorbate (By similarity). (585 aa)
LPD2-2Dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase 2, mitochondrial; Lipoamide dehydrogenase is a component of the glycine decarboxylase (GDC) or glycine cleavage system as well as of the alpha- ketoacid dehydrogenase complexes. LPD1 is probably the protein most often associated with the glycine decarboxylase complex while LPD2 is probably incorporated into alpha-ketoacid dehydrogenase complexes. Belongs to the class-I pyridine nucleotide-disulfide oxidoreductase family. (507 aa)
LPD1-2Dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase 1, mitochondrial; Lipoamide dehydrogenase is a component of the glycine decarboxylase (GDC) or glycine cleavage system as well as of the alpha- ketoacid dehydrogenase complexes. LPD1 is probably the protein most often associated with the glycine decarboxylase complex while LPD2 is probably incorporated into alpha-ketoacid dehydrogenase complexes. (507 aa)
HTHProtein HOTHEAD; Probable FAD-dependent enzyme. Involved in regulating post- genital organ fusion. Required to limit cellular interactions between contacting epidermal cells during floral development. (594 aa)
T5I8.15Berberine bridge enzyme-like 8. (527 aa)
T5I8.16Berberine bridge enzyme-like 9; Belongs to the oxygen-dependent FAD-linked oxidoreductase family. (531 aa)
T5I8.17Berberine bridge enzyme-like 10; Belongs to the oxygen-dependent FAD-linked oxidoreductase family. (527 aa)
T5I8.18Berberine bridge enzyme-like 11. (526 aa)
T5I8.19Berberine bridge enzyme-like 12. (533 aa)
F25C20.7Berberine bridge enzyme-like 2. (536 aa)
PHR1-2Deoxyribodipyrimidine photo-lyase; Involved in repair of UV radiation-induced DNA damage. Catalyzes the light-dependent monomerization (300-600 nm) of cyclobutylpyrimidine dimers (CPDs), which are formed between adjacent bases on the same DNA strand upon exposure to ultraviolet radiation. Required for plant survival in the presence of UV-B light. Not involved in the repair of (6-4) photoproducts. (496 aa)
ATR1NADPH--cytochrome P450 reductase 1; This enzyme is required for electron transfer from NADP to cytochrome P450 in microsomes. It can also provide electron transfer to heme oxygenase and cytochrome B5. Reduces a variety of substrates in vitro, such as cytochrome c, feericyanide and dichloroindophenol. Belongs to the NADPH--cytochrome P450 reductase family. In the C-terminal section; belongs to the flavoprotein pyridine nucleotide cytochrome reductase family. (692 aa)
MTHFR1Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase 1; The probable reversibility of the MTHFR reaction in plants suggests that they can metabolize the methyl group of 5,10- methylenetetrahydrofolate to serine, sugars and starch. (592 aa)
F2K11.23-2Putative flavin-containing monooxygenase FMO GS-OX-like 11; Catalyzes the conversion of methylthioalkyl glucosinolates of any chain length into methylsulfinylalkyl glucosinolates. Belongs to the FMO family. (168 aa)
T26C18.3Similar to glucose inhibited division protein A from prokaryotes. (723 aa)
F25P17.12Probable sarcosine oxidase; Belongs to the MSOX/MTOX family. (416 aa)
SQE1Squalene epoxidase 1; Catalyzes the stereospecific oxidation of squalene to (S)- 2,3-epoxysqualene, and is considered to be a rate-limiting enzyme in steroid biosynthesis. Can produce not only oxidosqualene, but also 2,3:22,23-dioxidosqualene. Main squalene epoxidase in the root. Sqe1 mutants may show defects in membrane lipid rafts, impairing the correct localization of RHD2 NADPH oxidase and the proper polarized production of ROS. (531 aa)
MDAR3Monodehydroascorbate reductase 3; Catalyzes the conversion of monodehydroascorbate to ascorbate, oxidizing NADH in the process. Required for producing sufficient ascorbate to maintain the interaction between Piriformospora indica and Arabidopsis in a mutualistic state. (441 aa)
FMOGS-OX1Flavin-containing monooxygenase FMO GS-OX1; Catalyzes the conversion of methylthioalkyl glucosinolates into methylsulfinylalkyl glucosinolates. Able to S-oxygenate both desulfo- and intact 4-methylthiobutyl glucosinolates, but no activity with methionine, dihomomethionine or 5-methylthiopentaldoxime. (459 aa)
F3N23.25(R)-mandelonitrile lyase-like; Belongs to the GMC oxidoreductase family. (552 aa)
GLDHL-galactono-1,4-lactone dehydrogenase, mitochondrial; Involved in the biosynthesis of ascorbic acid. Required for the accumulation of respiratory complex I. Uses L-galactono-1,4-lactone and L-gulono-1,4-lactone as substrates, but not D-galactono-1,4- lactone, D-gulono-1,4-lactone, L-mannono-1,4-lactone or D-galactonic acid. Also active with phenazine methosulfate and 1,4-benzoquinone as electron acceptors. (610 aa)
PAO5Probable polyamine oxidase 5; Flavoenzyme involved in polyamine back-conversion. Catalyzes the oxidation of the secondary amino group of polyamines, such as spermine and its acetyl derivatives. Substrate preference is spermine > N(1)-acetylspermine > thermospermine > norspermine. Plays an important role in the regulation of polyamine intracellular concentration. Involved in xylem differentiation by controlling thermospermine homeostasis, and participating in the tightly controlled interplay between auxin and cytokinin that is necessary for proper xylem differentiation. Involved in the [...] (533 aa)
FAD-OXRBerberine bridge enzyme-like 22. (530 aa)
ATR2NADPH--cytochrome P450 reductase 2; This enzyme is required for electron transfer from NADP to cytochrome P450 in microsomes. It can also provide electron transfer to heme oxygenase and cytochrome B5. Reduces a variety of substrates in vitro, such as cytochrome c, feericyanide and dichloroindophenol. Belongs to the NADPH--cytochrome P450 reductase family. In the C-terminal section; belongs to the flavoprotein pyridine nucleotide cytochrome reductase family. (711 aa)
F21C20.190Berberine bridge enzyme-like 21. (539 aa)
F21C20.180Berberine bridge enzyme-like 19; Belongs to the oxygen-dependent FAD-linked oxidoreductase family. (570 aa)
F21C20.170Berberine bridge enzyme-like 18. (532 aa)
F21C20.150Berberine bridge enzyme-like 17. (528 aa)
YUC2Indole-3-pyruvate monooxygenase YUCCA2; Involved in auxin biosynthesis. Converts the indole-3-pyruvic acid (IPA) produced by the TAA family to indole-3-acetic acid (IAA). Unable to use tryptamine (TAM) as substrate. Required for the formation of floral organs and vascular tissues. Belongs to the set of redundant YUCCA genes probably responsible for auxin biosynthesis in shoots. (415 aa)
YUC8Probable indole-3-pyruvate monooxygenase YUCCA8; Involved in auxin biosynthesis. Belongs to the set of redundant YUCCA genes probably responsible for auxin biosynthesis in roots. (426 aa)
IVDIsovaleryl-CoA dehydrogenase, mitochondrial; Involved in degradation of the branched-chain amino acids, phytol and lysine for the supply of carbon and electrons to the ETF/ETFQO complex during dark-induced sugar starvation. Belongs to the acyl-CoA dehydrogenase family. (409 aa)
T3P18.18Flavin-containing monooxygenase FMO GS-OX-like 3; Catalyzes the conversion of methylthioalkyl glucosinolates of any chain length into methylsulfinylalkyl glucosinolates. Belongs to the FMO family. (450 aa)
NOGC1Flavin-containing monooxygenase FMO GS-OX-like 7; Catalyzes the conversion of methylthioalkyl glucosinolates of any chain length into methylsulfinylalkyl glucosinolates. Belongs to the FMO family. (464 aa)
FMOGS-OX3Flavin-containing monooxygenase FMO GS-OX3; Catalyzes the conversion of methylthioalkyl glucosinolates of any chain length into methylsulfinylalkyl glucosinolates. Prefers probably short-chain methylthioalkyl glucosinolates in cv. Landsberg erecta; Belongs to the FMO family. (462 aa)
YUC1Probable indole-3-pyruvate monooxygenase YUCCA1; Involved in auxin biosynthesis, but not in the tryptamine or the CYP79B2/B3 branches. Catalyzes in vitro the N-oxidation of tryptamine to form N-hydroxyl tryptamine. Involved during embryogenesis and seedling development. Required for the formation of floral organs and vascular tissues. Belongs to the set of redundant YUCCA genes probably responsible for auxin biosynthesis in shoots. (414 aa)
F19H22.4tRNA-dihydrouridine(47) synthase [NAD(P)(+)]-like; Catalyzes the synthesis of dihydrouridine, a modified base found in the D-loop of most tRNAs; Belongs to the Dus family. Dus3 subfamily. (691 aa)
F9L1.8FAD/NAD(P)-binding oxidoreductase. (295 aa)
F7A19.27Glucose-methanol-choline (GMC) oxidoreductase family protein. (503 aa)
SDH1-2Succinate dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] flavoprotein subunit 2, mitochondrial; Flavoprotein (FP) subunit of succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) that is involved in complex II of the mitochondrial electron transport chain and is responsible for transferring electrons from succinate to ubiquinone (coenzyme Q). (632 aa)
CTF2AFAD/NAD(P)-binding oxidoreductase family protein. (439 aa)
ACX1.2Putative peroxisomal acyl-coenzyme A oxidase 1.2; Catalyzes the desaturation of acyl-CoAs to 2-trans-enoyl- CoAs. (664 aa)
Your Current Organism:
Arabidopsis thaliana
NCBI taxonomy Id: 3702
Other names: A. thaliana, Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh., mouse-ear cress, thale cress, thale-cress
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