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| | NBS1 | Nijmegen breakage syndrome 1 protein; Component of the MRE11-RAD50-NBN complex (MRN complex) which plays a critical role in the cellular response to DNA damage and the maintenance of chromosome integrity. The complex may be involved in double-strand break (DSB) repair, DNA recombination, maintenance of telomere integrity, and cell cycle checkpoint control. Functions also in the very early stages of meiosis. (542 aa) |
| | FAR2 | Fatty acyl-CoA reductase 2; Catalyzes the reduction of fatty acyl-CoA to fatty alcohols. Involved in the synthesis of the lipid component in sporopollenin. (616 aa) |
| | KIN14C | Kinesin-like protein KIN-14C; Kinesin that supports microtubule movement in an ATP- dependent manner and has a minus-end directed polarity. Plays a crucial role in spindle morphogenesis in male meiosis. In mitosis, is required for normal microtubule accumulation at the spindle poles during prophase and may play a role in spindle assembly during prometaphase. Belongs to the TRAFAC class myosin-kinesin ATPase superfamily. Kinesin family. KIN-14 subfamily. (793 aa) |
| | RAD51 | DNA repair protein RAD51 homolog 1; Binds to single and double-stranded DNA and exhibits DNA- dependent ATPase activity. Unwinds duplex DNA (By similarity). Component of the meiotic recombination pathway. Seems to play a role in mediating chromosome homology search, chromosome pairing and synapsis at early stages and probably chromosome crossing-over at later stages in meiosis. Probably is involved in the repair of meiotic double strand breaks (DBSs) generated by AtSPO11-1 and in homologous recombination. Its function is dispensable for vegetative growth and root mitosis. (342 aa) |
| | ZYP1B | Synaptonemal complex protein 2; Required for chromosome synapsis and normal fidelity of crossing over. (856 aa) |
| | PPX1 | Serine/threonine-protein phosphatase PP-X isozyme 1; Belongs to the PPP phosphatase family. PP-4 (PP-X) subfamily. (305 aa) |
| | PPX2 | Serine/threonine-protein phosphatase PP-X isozyme 2. (305 aa) |
| | AXR1 | NEDD8-activating enzyme E1 regulatory subunit AXR1; Regulatory subunit of the dimeric ECR1-AXR1 E1 enzyme. E1 activates RUB1/NEDD8 by first adenylating its C-terminal glycine residue with ATP, thereafter linking this residue to the side chain of the catalytic cysteine, yielding a RUB1-ECR1 thioester and free AMP. E1 finally transfers RUB1 to the catalytic cysteine of RCE1. Plays an important role in auxin response. Regulates the chromosomal localization of meiotic recombination by crossovers (COs) and subsequent synapsis, probably through the activation of a CRL4 complex. Required for [...] (540 aa) |
| | TUBG2 | Tubulin gamma-2 chain; Tubulin is the major constituent of microtubules. The gamma chain is found at microtubule organizing centers (MTOC) such as the spindle poles, suggesting that it is involved in the minus-end nucleation of microtubule assembly. (474 aa) |
| | TUBG1 | Tubulin gamma-1 chain; Tubulin is the major constituent of microtubules. The gamma chain is found at microtubule organizing centers (MTOC) such as the spindle poles, suggesting that it is involved in the minus-end nucleation of microtubule assembly. (474 aa) |
| | TOP2 | DNA topoisomerase 2; Control of topological states of DNA by transient breakage and subsequent rejoining of DNA strands. Topoisomerase II makes double- strand breaks; Belongs to the type II topoisomerase family. (1473 aa) |
| | CDKA-1 | Cyclin-dependent kinase A-1; Involved in the control of the cell cycle. Essential for both G1/S and G2/M (mitosis) phase transitions. Functions in cell morphogenesis as well as cell proliferation. Required for cell division (entry into mitosis) of the generative cell in male gametogenesis. Required to trigger guard mother cells (GMC) symmetric divisions at the late stage of stomatal development, probably via the regulation of G1 to S transition in the cell cycle. Required for the function of SPCH in entering the stomatal lineage. Promotes divisions in the guard cells (GCs) after the gu [...] (294 aa) |
| | SCC3 | Sister-chromatid cohesion protein 3; Essential component of cohesin complex, a complex required for the cohesion of sister chromatids after DNA replication. The cohesin complex apparently forms a large proteinaceous ring within which sister chromatids can be trapped. At anaphase, the complex is cleaved and dissociates from chromatin, allowing sister chromatids to segregate. The cohesin complex may also play a role in spindle pole assembly during mitosis. Required for centromere cohesion maintenance at anaphase I and for the monopolar orientation of the kinetochores during both male and [...] (1098 aa) |
| | QRT3 | Polygalacturonase QRT3; Polygalacturonase required for degrading the pollen mother cell wall during microspore development; Belongs to the glycosyl hydrolase 28 family. (481 aa) |
| | dl3985w | Condensin-2 complex subunit. (1314 aa) |
| | PRD1 | Protein PUTATIVE RECOMBINATION INITIATION DEFECT 1; Involved in DNA cleavage that forms the double-strand breaks (DSB) that initiate meiotic recombination. (1330 aa) |
| | BUBR1 | Mitotic spindle checkpoint protein BUBR1; Essential component of the mitotic checkpoint. Required for normal mitosis progression. The mitotic checkpoint delays anaphase until all chromosomes are properly attached to the mitotic spindle. One of its checkpoint functions may be to inhibit the activity of the anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C) by blocking the binding of CDC20 to APC/C (By similarity). (395 aa) |
| | B'BETA | Serine/threonine protein phosphatase 2A 57 kDa regulatory subunit B' beta isoform; The B regulatory subunit may modulate substrate selectivity and catalytic activity, and also may direct the localization of the catalytic enzyme to a particular subcellular compartment (By similarity). Required for the formation of the PP2A holoenzyme that positively regulates brassinosteroid signaling by dephosphorylating and activating BZR1. (499 aa) |
| | B'ALPHA | Serine/threonine protein phosphatase 2A 57 kDa regulatory subunit B' alpha isoform; The B regulatory subunit may modulate substrate selectivity and catalytic activity, and also may direct the localization of the catalytic enzyme to a particular subcellular compartment (By similarity). Required for the formation of the PP2A holoenzyme that positively regulates brassinosteroid signaling by dephosphorylating and activating BZR1. (495 aa) |
| | SHOC1 | Protein SHORTAGE IN CHIASMATA 1; Essential for the formation of class I meiotic crossovers. (1594 aa) |
| | A0A1I9LLJ3 | Spc97 / Spc98 family of spindle pole body (SBP) component. (1208 aa) |
| | MKM21.10 | Restriction endonuclease, type II-like superfamily protein. (1272 aa) |
| | MQM1.12 | DYAD protein. (500 aa) |
| | MPS1 | Protein MULTIPOLAR SPINDLE 1; Involved in meiotic spindle organization in meiocytes thus regulating chromosome segregation. Required for formation of meiotic DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) during early recombination processes. (377 aa) |
| | KNL2 | Kinetochore-associated protein KNL-2 homolog; Involved in recognition of centromeres and centromeric localization of the centromere-specific histone HTR12/CENH3. Required for normal progression of mitosis and meiosis. May play a role in the determination of the epigenetic status of centromeres. Binds DNA and RNA in vitro. Belongs to the KNL2 family. (598 aa) |
| | MTI20.2 | Uncharacterized protein. (216 aa) |
| | F9D12.6 | TRAF-like family protein. (336 aa) |
| | RUK | Serine/threonine-protein kinase RUNKEL; Essential protein that regulates phragmoplast microtubule organization during cell plate expansion in cytokinesis during cell division, both somatic and syncytial. Required for endosperm cellularisation. In pollen development, involved in cellularisation during microsporogenesis by regulating radial microtubules (MT) organization in microspore mother cells. Seems to not have kinase activity. (1366 aa) |
| | RAD51D | DNA repair protein RAD51 homolog 4; Involved in the homologous recombination repair (HRR) pathway of double-stranded DNA breaks arising during DNA replication or induced by DNA-damaging agents. (322 aa) |
| | GAI | DELLA protein GAI; Transcriptional regulator that acts as a repressor of the gibberellin (GA) signaling pathway. Transcription coactivator of the zinc finger transcription factors GAF1/IDD2 and ENY/IDD1 in regulation of gibberellin homeostasis and signaling. No effect of the BOI proteins on its stability. Probably acts by participating in large multiprotein complexes that repress transcription of GA-inducible genes. Positively regulates XERICO expression. In contrast to RGA, it is less sensitive to GA. Its activity is probably regulated by other phytohormones such as auxin and ethylene [...] (533 aa) |
| | cdc45 | CDC45 (Cell division cycle 45)-like protein. (596 aa) |
| | CAPH2 | Condensin-2 complex subunit H2; Regulatory subunit of the condensin-2 complex, a complex that seems to provide chromosomes with an additional level of organization and rigidity and in establishing mitotic chromosome architecture (By similarity). The condensin-2 complex plays a role in DNA damage repair or in protecting the genome from certain genotoxic stressors (e.g. boron excess, zeocin and aphidicolin); Belongs to the CND2 H2 (condensin-2 subunit 2) family. (683 aa) |
| | MPK4 | Mitogen-activated protein kinase 4; The ANPs-MKK6-MPK4 module is involved in the regulation of plant cytokinesis during meiosis and mitosis. Essential to promote the progression of cytokinesis and for cellularization (formation of the cell plate) during male-specific meiosis. Involved in cortical microtubules organization and stabilization by regulating the phosphorylation state of microtubule-associated proteins such as MAP65- 1. Involved in root hair development process. Negative regulator of systemic acquired resistance (SAR) and salicylic acid- (SA) mediated defense response. Requi [...] (376 aa) |
| | TOP3A | DNA topoisomerase 3-alpha; Releases the supercoiling and torsional tension of DNA introduced during the DNA replication and transcription by transiently cleaving and rejoining one strand of the DNA duplex. Introduces a single-strand break via transesterification at a target site in duplex DNA. The scissile phosphodiester is attacked by the catalytic tyrosine of the enzyme, resulting in the formation of a DNA-(5'-phosphotyrosyl)- enzyme intermediate and the expulsion of a 3'-OH DNA strand. The free DNA strand then undergoes passage around the unbroken strand thus removing DNA supercoils [...] (926 aa) |
| | ML4 | Protein MEI2-like 4; Probable RNA-binding protein that plays a role in meiosis and vegetative growth. (907 aa) |
| | EMS1 | Leucine-rich repeat receptor protein kinase EMS1; Receptor with a serine/threonine-protein kinase activity required for the specification of the correct number of male archesporial initials and for the subsequent specification of tapetal and middle cell layer identities. In seeds, required for enhancing cell size and the rate of embryonic development. (1192 aa) |
| | TOP6A | DNA topoisomerase 6 subunit A; Component of the DNA topoisomerase VI involved in chromatin organization and progression of endoreduplication cycles. Relaxes both positive and negative superturns and exhibits a strong decatenase activity. Involved in cell-elongation processes. Belongs to the TOP6A family. (427 aa) |
| | GIG1 | Protein GIGAS CELL1; Negative regulator of the anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C) ubiquitin ligase required for proper mitotic and meiotic progression and cell fate determination. Involved in entry into both meiosis I and meiosis II. Prevents endomitosis by preferentially inhibiting APC/C(CDC20). Required for megagametophyte and endosperm development. Triggers mitotic cyclins (e.g. CYCB1-1 and CYCB1-2) accumulation. Confers immunity to bacterial pathogens (e.g. Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000), which is associated with increased expression of disease resistance (R) gen [...] (243 aa) |
| | GCP4 | Gamma-tubulin complex component 4; Gamma-tubulin complex is necessary for microtubule nucleation at the microtubule organizing centers (MTOCs). (745 aa) |
| | ATM | Serine/threonine-protein kinase ATM; Serine/threonine protein kinase which activates checkpoint signaling upon genotoxic stresses such as ionizing radiation (IR) or DNA replication stalling. Plays a central role in the perception and response to both stress-induced damage in somatic cells and developmentally programmed DNA damage during meiosis. Recognizes the substrate consensus sequence [ST]-Q. Phosphorylates histone variant H2AX to form H2AXS139ph at double strand breaks (DSBs), thereby regulating DNA damage response mechanism. Involved in transcriptional regulation of RAD51, PARP1, [...] (3856 aa) |
| | SPO11-2 | Meiotic recombination protein SPO11-2; Component of a topoisomerase 6 complex specifically required for meiotic recombination. Together with MTOPVIB, mediates DNA cleavage that forms the double-strand breaks (DSB) that initiate meiotic recombination. The complex promotes relaxation of negative and positive supercoiled DNA and DNA decatenation through cleavage and ligation cycles. Belongs to the TOP6A family. (383 aa) |
| | SPO11-1 | Meiotic recombination protein SPO11-1; Component of a topoisomerase 6 complex specifically required for meiotic recombination. Together with MTOPVIB, mediates DNA cleavage that forms the double-strand breaks (DSB) that initiate meiotic recombination. The complex promotes relaxation of negative and positive supercoiled DNA and DNA decatenation through cleavage and ligation cycles. Belongs to the TOP6A family. (362 aa) |
| | F13E7.12 | WEB family protein At3g02930, chloroplastic; Belongs to the WEB family. (806 aa) |
| | MCC1 | Histone acetyltransferase MCC1; Histone acetyltransferase that probably regulates acetylation status of histone H3 during meiosis. Histone acetylation may influence recombination and chromosome segregation. (247 aa) |
| | ERCC1 | DNA excision repair protein ERCC-1; Seems to be involved in nucleotide excision repair (NER) of damaged DNA (dark repair mechanism). The UVH1/RAD1-ERCC1/RAD10 complex may act as an endonuclease making DNA incision 5' to the lesion site. In vitro, is implicated in double strand breaks (DSBs) repair and is required for homologous recombination in the presence of non-homologous overhangs. In vitro, is involved in chromosomal recombination between tandem repeats in both direct and inverted orientations. May mediate the induction of a DNA-damage sensitive cell-cycle checkpoint during the G2 [...] (410 aa) |
| | SYN1 | Sister chromatid cohesion 1 protein 1; Involved in chromosome condensation, pairing and segregation during meiosis. Responsible for cohesion between replicated sister chromatids. (627 aa) |
| | T24D18.4 | Tudor/PWWP/MBT superfamily protein. (990 aa) |
| | RPA1B | Replication protein A 70 kDa DNA-binding subunit B; Component of the replication protein A complex (RPA) required for DNA recombination, repair and replication. The activity of RPA is mediated by single-stranded DNA binding and protein interactions (By similarity). Probably involved in repair of double-strand DNA breaks (DSBs) induced by genotoxic stresses (By similarity). (604 aa) |
| | MCM8 | Probable DNA helicase MCM8; Probable DNA helicase that plays a role in meiotic double- strand break (DSB) repair, but seems not required for recombination with the homologous chromosome. May be involved with RAD51 in a backup pathway that repairs meiotic DSB without giving meiotic crossover, in parallel to the meiotic homologous recombination which relies on DMC1. Belongs to the MCM family. (801 aa) |
| | CALS9 | Callose synthase 9; Involved in sporophytic and gametophytic development. Required for normal plant development. During pollen formation, required for the entry of microspores into mitosis and microspore symmetric division. May be required for correct temporal and spatial control of callose deposition during pollen mitosis. During plant growth and development, callose is found as a transitory component of the cell plate in dividing cells, is a major component of pollen mother cell walls and pollen tubes, and is found as a structural component of plasmodesmatal canals. (1890 aa) |
| | SUN2 | SUN domain-containing protein 2; Component of SUN-protein-containing multivariate complexes also called LINC complexes which link the nucleoskeleton and cytoskeleton by providing versatile outer nuclear membrane attachment sites for cytoskeletal filaments. Required for the maintenance and/or formation of polarized nuclear shape in root hairs. Modulates the anchoring and mobility of WIP proteins in the nuclear envelope (NE). In association with SUN1, may be involved in telomere attachment to nuclear envelope in the prophase of meiosis. As component of the SUN-WIP- WIT2-KAKU1 complex, me [...] (455 aa) |
| | ML2 | Protein MEI2-like 2; Probable RNA-binding protein that plays a role in meiosis and vegetative growth. (843 aa) |
| | CALS10 | Callose synthase 10; Involved in sporophytic and gametophytic development. Required for normal plant development and for the proper accumulation of callose at cell plates, cll walls and plasmodesmata. During pollen formation, required for the entry of microspores into mitosis. During plant growth and development, callose is found as a transitory component of the cell plate in dividing cells, is a major component of pollen mother cell walls and pollen tubes, and is found as a structural component of plasmodesmatal canals. Required for proper cell division and tissue patterning throughou [...] (1904 aa) |
| | RPA1A | Replication protein A 70 kDa DNA-binding subunit A; Component of the replication protein A complex (RPA) required for DNA recombination, repair and replication. The activity of RPA is mediated by single-stranded DNA binding and protein interactions. Plays an essential role at later stages of meiotic recombination events required for the formation of class I crossovers. Is essential for normal progression through meiosis in pollen mother cells. Is involved in repair of double-strand DNA breaks (DSBs) induced by genotoxic stresses, but does not seem to be required for the repair of meiot [...] (640 aa) |
| | RAD50 | DNA repair protein RAD50; Implicated in double-strand breaks (DSBs) repair by non- homologous end joining (NHEJ). Involved in telomere maintenance. Involved in telomerase action on chromosome ends. Required during meiosis for both male and female gametophytic development, for pairing and synapsis of homologous chromosomes during the early stages of meiotic recombination, especially during the pachytene stage of the first division. Belongs to the SMC family. RAD50 subfamily. (1316 aa) |
| | RGA | DELLA protein RGA; Probable transcriptional regulator that acts as a repressor of the gibberellin (GA) signaling pathway. Probably acts by participating in large multiprotein complexes that repress transcription of GA-inducible genes. Positively regulates XERICO expression in seeds. Upon GA application, it is degraded by the proteasome, allowing the GA signaling pathway. Compared to other DELLA proteins, it is the most sensitive to GA application. No effect of the BOI proteins on its stability. Its activity is probably regulated by other phytohormones such as auxin and ethylene, attenu [...] (587 aa) |
| | T5J17.190 | Myosin heavy chain-related protein. (615 aa) |
| | SMC2-2 | Structural maintenance of chromosomes protein 2-2; Central component of the condensin complex, a complex required for conversion of interphase chromatin into mitotic-like condense chromosomes. The condensin complex probably introduces positive supercoils into relaxed DNA in the presence of type I topoisomerases and converts nicked DNA into positive knotted forms in the presence of type II topoisomerases. Also involved in chromosome segregation in meiosis. (1171 aa) |
| | LBD27 | LOB domain-containing protein 27. (328 aa) |
| | MS5 | Protein POLLENLESS 3; Essential for male fertility, especially for microspore and pollen grain production. Involved in the regulation of cell division after male meiosis I and II to facilitate exit from meiosis and transition to G1. (434 aa) |
| | ML3-2 | Protein MEI2-like 3; Probable RNA-binding protein that plays a role in meiosis and vegetative growth. (759 aa) |
| | MRE11 | Double-strand break repair protein MRE11; Involved in DNA double-strand break repair (DSBR). Possesses single-strand endonuclease activity and double-strand-specific 3'-5' exonuclease activity. Also involved in meiotic DSB processing (By similarity); Belongs to the MRE11/RAD32 family. (720 aa) |
| | SERK2 | Somatic embryogenesis receptor kinase 2; Serine/threonine-kinase involved in brassinosteroid-dependent and -independent signaling pathways. Acts redundantly with SERK1 as a control point for sporophytic development controlling male gametophyte production. (628 aa) |
| | NUF2 | Kinetochore protein NUF2 homolog; Acts as a component of the essential kinetochore-associated NDC80 complex, which is required for chromosome segregation and spindle checkpoint activity to ensure proper cell division. Belongs to the NUF2 family. (440 aa) |
| | GRIP | Protein GRIP; Golgi matrix protein playing a role in tethering of vesicles to Golgi membranes and in maintaining the overall structure of the Golgi apparatus. (788 aa) |
| | WIH2 | Cysteine-rich and transmembrane domain-containing protein WIH2; Required for the promotion of megasporogenesis, or promotion of germ cell formation from somatic precursor cells. Acts redundantly with WIH1. Functions in a genetic pathway downstream of SPL/NZZ and WUS and together with TRN2 in promoting megasporogenesis. (98 aa) |
| | ML5 | Protein MEI2-like 5; Probable RNA-binding protein that plays a role in meiosis and vegetative growth. (800 aa) |
| | ML1 | Protein MEI2-like 1; Probable RNA-binding transcriptional activator that plays a role in meiosis and vegetative growth. May be a downstream effector of TOR signaling pathway and recruited by RAPTOR1 for TOR substrate. (915 aa) |
| | SERK1 | Somatic embryogenesis receptor kinase 1; Dual specificity kinase acting on both serine/threonine- and tyrosine-containing substrates. Phosphorylates BRI1 on 'Ser-887' and CDC48 on at least one threonine residue and on 'Ser-41'. Confers embryogenic competence. Acts redundantly with SERK2 as a control point for sporophytic development controlling male gametophyte production. Involved in the brassinolide signaling pathway. (625 aa) |
| | PANS2 | Protein PATRONUS 2; Not required for protection of centromeric cohesion. (194 aa) |
| | ASY2 | Meiosis-specific protein ASY2; Required for normal meiosis. (1399 aa) |
| | RPA1E | Replication protein A 70 kDa DNA-binding subunit E; Component of the replication protein A complex (RPA) required for DNA recombination, repair and replication. The activity of RPA is mediated by single-stranded DNA binding and protein interactions. Probably involved in repair of double-strand DNA breaks (DSBs) induced by genotoxic stresses (By similarity). (784 aa) |
| | MSH4 | DNA mismatch repair protein MSH4; Involved in meiotic recombination in association with MSH5. Required for reciprocal recombination and proper segregation of homologous chromosomes at meiosis. Promotes homologous recombination through facilitating chiasma formation during prophase I. Involved in the control of class I crossovers formation. Belongs to the DNA mismatch repair MutS family. (792 aa) |
| | MLH3 | DNA mismatch repair protein MLH3; Involved in DNA mismatch repair (MMR), correcting insertion- deletion loops (IDLs) resulting from DNA replication, DNA damage or from recombination events between non-identical sequences during meiosis. Component of the MutLbeta heterodimer, which probably forms a ternary complex with the MutSbeta heterodimer that initially recognizes the DNA mismatches. This complex is thought to be responsible for directing the downsteam MMR events, including strand discrimination, excision, and resynthesis. Plays a major role in promoting meiotic crossing-over and i [...] (1155 aa) |
| | T29A15 | WEB family protein At4g27595, chloroplastic. (1221 aa) |
| | Dl3525W | Fanconi anemia group D2 protein. (1484 aa) |
| | MSH5 | DNA mismatch repair protein MSH5; Involved in meiotic recombination in association with MSH4. Required for reciprocal recombination and proper segregation of homologous chromosomes at meiosis. Promotes homologous recombination through facilitating chiasma formation during prophase I. Involved in the control of class I crossovers formation. Belongs to the DNA mismatch repair MutS family. (807 aa) |
| | SGO1 | SHUGOSHIN 1; Protects sister chromatid centromere cohesion in meiosis I but not through the protection of the cohesin SYN1. Required with SGO2 for full protection of centromeric cohesion during anaphase I. Required to prevent precocious release of pericentromeric cohesins during meiosis. Not necessary for the maintenance of the synaptonemal complex (SC). Not required for monopolar spindle orientation in meiosis I. (572 aa) |
| | F4J246_ARATH | Condensin complex subunit 1; Regulatory subunit of the condensin complex, a complex required for conversion of interphase chromatin into mitotic-like condense chromosomes. The condensin complex probably introduces positive supercoils into relaxed DNA in the presence of type I topoisomerases and converts nicked DNA into positive knotted forms in the presence of type II topoisomerases. (1415 aa) |
| | BUB1 | Mitotic checkpoint serine/threonine-protein kinase BUB1; Serine/threonine-protein kinase that performs 2 crucial functions during mitosis: it is essential for spindle-assembly checkpoint signaling and for correct chromosome alignment. Has a key role in the assembly of checkpoint proteins at the kinetochore. Acts as a substrate for anaphase-promoting complex or cyclosome (APC/C). Necessary for ensuring proper chromosome segregation. Can regulate chromosome segregation in a kinetochore-independent manner. The BUB1- BUB3 complex plays a role in the inhibition of APC/C when spindle- assemb [...] (525 aa) |
| | MYB88 | Transcription factor MYB88; Transcription factor that binds to DNA in promoters cis- regulatory element 5'-GGCGCGC-3' of cell cycle genes, including cyclins, cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs), and components of the pre- replication complex. Binds to DNA in promoters cis-regulatory element 5'-AGCCG-3' of auxin regulated genes (e.g. PIN3 and PIN7). Together with FAMA and MYB124, ensures that stomata contain just two guard cells (GCs) by enforcing a single symmetric precursor cell division before stomatal maturity. Represses the expression of the mitosis-inducing factors CDKB1-1 and CDKA-1, [...] (484 aa) |
| | F4IHC3_ARATH | DNA repair DEAD helicase RAD3/XP-D subfamily protein. (146 aa) |
| | F4IFY5_ARATH | DNA ligase-like protein. (212 aa) |
| | MCM9 | Probable DNA helicase MCM9; Probable DNA helicase that may play a role in DNA repair during meiosis. (646 aa) |
| | PTD | Protein PARTING DANCERS; Required for chromosome segregation during meiosis. During diakinesis and prometaphase I, essential for the formation of class I meiotic crossovers and homologous recombination. Belongs to the ERCC1/RAD10/SWI10 family. (250 aa) |
| | JASON | Protein JASON; Required for normal spindle orientation at male meiosis II and normal formation of tetrad of microspores. Acts as positive regulator of PS1 in male sporogenesis. Not involved in female meiosis. (481 aa) |
| | F13O11.30 | Putative WEB family protein At1g65010, chloroplastic. (1345 aa) |
| | AtWAPL1 | WAPL (Wings apart-like protein regulation of heterochromatin) protein. (930 aa) |
| | F21M11.3 | Eisosome protein. (434 aa) |
| | BUB3.3 | Mitotic checkpoint protein BUB3.3; Has a dual function in spindle-assembly checkpoint signaling and in promoting the establishment of correct kinetochore-microtubule (K-MT) attachments. Promotes the formation of stable end-on bipolar attachments. Necessary for kinetochore localization of BUB1. The BUB1/BUB3 complex plays a role in the inhibition of anaphase-promoting complex or cyclosome (APC/C) when spindle-assembly checkpoint is activated and inhibits the ubiquitin ligase activity of APC/C by phosphorylating its activator CDC20 (By similarity); Belongs to the WD repeat BUB3 family. (314 aa) |
| | PSS1 | CDP-diacylglycerol--serine O-phosphatidyltransferase 1; Catalyzes a base-exchange reaction in which the polar head group of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) or phosphatidylcholine (PC) is replaced by L-serine. Is essential for phosphatidylserine (PS) biosynthesis and PE seems to be the most plausible substrate. Plays an important role in microspore maturation; Belongs to the CDP-alcohol phosphatidyltransferase class-I family. (425 aa) |
| | F2D10.24 | RAD3-like DNA-binding helicase protein. (1144 aa) |
| | ASY1 | Meiosis-specific protein ASY1; Required for normal meiosis in male and female gametophytes. Plays a crucial role in coordinating the activity of DMC1, a key member of the homologous recombination machinery. Acts at the interface between the developing chromosome axes and the recombination machinery to ensure DMC1-mediated interhomolog recombination. (596 aa) |
| | DFO | Protein DOUBLE-STRAND BREAK FORMATION; Required for meiotic double-strand break (DSB) formation, the initial event for meiotic recombination. (233 aa) |
| | HEI10 | E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase CCNB1IP1 homolog; Ubiquitin E3 ligase required for class I crossover (CO) formation during meiosis. (304 aa) |
| | EME1B | Crossover junction endonuclease EME1B; Interacts with MUS81 to form a DNA structure-specific endonuclease with substrate preference for branched DNA structures with a 5'-end at the branch nick. Typical substrates include 3'-flap structures, D-loops, replication forks, nicked Holliday junctions and also intact Holliday junctions with a reduced efficiency. May be required in mitosis for the processing of stalled or collapsed replication fork intermediates. Plays a role in DNA repair and in genotoxic stress-induced homologous recombination (HR) in somatic cells. Mediates a subset of meiot [...] (551 aa) |
| | JMJ16 | Putative lysine-specific demethylase JMJ16; May function as histone H3 lysine demethylase and be involved in regulation of gene expression. (1209 aa) |
| | PS1 | FHA domain-containing protein PS1; Required for normal spindle orientation at male meiosis II and normal formation of tetrad of microspores. Not involved in female meiosis. (1477 aa) |
| | B3H5K3_ARATH | Binding protein. (1607 aa) |
| | ZIP4 | TPR repeat-containing protein ZIP4; Required for meiotic chromosome segregation. It is involved in interference-sensitive crossovers (class I meiotic crossover) formation, in both male and female meiosis. Is specific to recombination events resulting in interference-sensitive crossovers (class I meiotic crossover). Not required for synapsis completion. (936 aa) |
| | SMG7 | Protein SMG7; Plays multiple roles in growth and development. Involved in nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD). May provide a link to the mRNA degradation machinery to initiate NMD and serve as an adapter for UPF proteins function. Required for meiotic progression through anaphase II of pollen mother cells. May counteract cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) activity at the end of meiosis. May play a role in plant defense through its involvement in NMD. Together with EXA1, helps to restrict cell death induction during pathogen infection in a salicylic acid- (SA) and reactive oxygen species- (RO [...] (1059 aa) |
| | CTF7 | Protein CHROMOSOME TRANSMISSION FIDELITY 7; Acetyltransferase required for the establishment of sister chromatid cohesion. Involved in preservation of genome integrity and meiosis. Required for DNA repair and for the regulation of chromosome segregation during mitotic cell division. Knock-down mutants are extremely dwarf. (345 aa) |
| | SCC2 | Sister chromatid cohesion protein SCC2; Essential protein required for cell fate determination during embryogenesis. Involved in sister chromatid cohesion during meiosis and mitosis. Forms a complex with SCC4, which is required for the association of the cohesin complex with chromosomes. Plays a structural role in chromatin, especially in centromere organization, chromosomal axis formation, and distribution of the cohesin subunit SCC3 on chromosomes. (1846 aa) |
| | T8O5.30 | Binding / calmodulin binding protein. (1284 aa) |
| | F14H20.6 | XRI1-like protein. (244 aa) |
| | F2D10.21 | RAD3-like DNA-binding helicase protein. (1269 aa) |
| | F5M15.11 | Gamma-tubulin complex component; Gamma-tubulin complex is necessary for microtubule nucleation at the centrosome; Belongs to the TUBGCP family. (985 aa) |
| | A0A1I9LT08 | Shugoshin. (274 aa) |
| | MYB124 | Transcription factor MYB124; Transcription factor that binds to DNA in promoters cis- regulatory element 5'-GGCGCGC-3' of cell cycle genes, including cyclins, cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs), and components of the pre- replication complex. Binds to DNA in promoters cis-regulatory element 5'-AGCCG-3' of auxin regulated genes (e.g. PIN3 and PIN7). Together with FAMA and MYB88, ensures that stomata contain just two guard cells (GCs) by enforcing a single symmetric precursor cell division before stomatal maturity. Represses the expression of the mitosis-inducing factors CDKB1-1 and CDKA-1, [...] (436 aa) |
| | RFC1 | Replication factor C subunit 1; Plays a role as mediator of transcriptional gene silencing (TGS), DNA replication, DNA repair, hypersensitive response (HR) and telomere length regulation. Is required in meiosis for DNA double- strand break (DSB) repair during meiotic homologous recombination. May participate in the RAD51-mediated recombination intermediate repair process. Is important for lagging strand synthesis. Promotes meiotic recombination via a specific pathway for crossovers (COs) that involves the formation of double Holliday Junction (dHJ) intermediates. (956 aa) |
| | GCP2-2 | Gamma-tubulin complex component 2; Gamma-tubulin complex is necessary for microtubule nucleation at the microtubule organizing centers (MTOCs). Required for the positioning of the gamma-tubulin-containing complex on pre-existing microtubules and for the proper organization of cortical arrays. (678 aa) |
| | SMC2-1 | Structural maintenance of chromosomes protein 2-1; Central component of the condensin complex, a complex required for conversion of interphase chromatin into mitotic-like condense chromosomes. The condensin complex probably introduces positive supercoils into relaxed DNA in the presence of type I topoisomerases and converts nicked DNA into positive knotted forms in the presence of type II topoisomerases. Also involved in chromosome segregation in meiosis. (1175 aa) |
| | SAMBA | Protein SAMBA; Plays an important role in organ size control. Acts as negative regulator of the anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C). Regulates cell proliferation during early development by targeting CYCA2-3 for APC/C-mediated degradation. Required for mitosis I during pollen microspore development. (100 aa) |
| | FH14 | Formin-like protein 14; Belongs to the formin-like family. Class-II subfamily. (1230 aa) |
| | BUB3.2 | Mitotic checkpoint protein BUB3.2; Has a dual function in spindle-assembly checkpoint signaling and in promoting the establishment of correct kinetochore-microtubule (K-MT) attachments. Promotes the formation of stable end-on bipolar attachments. Necessary for kinetochore localization of BUB1. The BUB1/BUB3 complex plays a role in the inhibition of anaphase-promoting complex or cyclosome (APC/C) when spindle-assembly checkpoint is activated and inhibits the ubiquitin ligase activity of APC/C by phosphorylating its activator CDC20 (By similarity). (339 aa) |
| | F14G24.22 | Nucleic acid-binding, OB-fold-like protein. (566 aa) |
| | AtWAPL2 | WAPL (Wings apart-like protein regulation of heterochromatin) protein. (840 aa) |
| | SUN1 | SUN domain-containing protein 1; Component of SUN-protein-containing multivariate complexes also called LINC complexes which link the nucleoskeleton and cytoskeleton by providing versatile outer nuclear membrane attachment sites for cytoskeletal filaments. Required for the maintenance and/or formation of polarized nuclear shape in root hairs. Modulates the anchoring and mobility of WIP proteins and RANGAP1 in the nuclear envelope (NE). In association with SUN2, may be involved in telomere attachment to nuclear envelope in the prophase of meiosis. As component of the SUN-WIP-WIT2-KAKU1 [...] (471 aa) |
| | MOP10.5 | Mad3/BUB1 homology region 1. (471 aa) |
| | GCP3 | Gamma-tubulin complex component 3; Gamma-tubulin complex is necessary for microtubule nucleation at the microtubule organizing centers (MTOCs). Required for the positioning of the gamma-tubulin-containing complex on pre-existing microtubules and for the proper organization of cortical arrays. (838 aa) |
| | DYAD | Protein DYAD; Required for fertility. Involved in chromatid cohesion establishment, in chromosome structure during male and female meiosis (e.g. the synapse formation between homologous chromosomes, the recombination, and the cohesion of both chromatid arm and centromere), and in axial element formation. Regulates the switch from mitosis to the reductional meiosis division of megaspores prior to the female gametogenesis (megasporogenesis). (639 aa) |
| | CDKG1 | Cyclin-dependent kinase G1; Cyclin-dependent kinase involved in pre-mRNA splicing. Required for the correct splicing of the sixth intron of CALS5 pre- mRNA. May stabilize the binding of U1 snRNP to this rare type of intron with a GC 5'SS. Involved in chromosome pairing and is required for the completion of synapsis in male meiocytes at high ambient temperatures. Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. Ser/Thr protein kinase family. (612 aa) |
| | MOB1A | MOB kinase activator-like 1A; Plays a key role in regulation of cell expansion and cell division. Required for proper plant development, the correct patterning of the root meristem and the control of root growth. Involved in both sporogenesis and gametogenesis. (215 aa) |
| | RPA1C | Replication protein A 70 kDa DNA-binding subunit C; Component of the replication protein A complex (RPA) required for DNA recombination, repair and replication. The activity of RPA is mediated by single-stranded DNA binding and protein interactions. Probably involved in repair of double-strand DNA breaks (DSBs) induced by genotoxic stresses (By similarity). (853 aa) |
| | MHF1 | Protein MHF1 homolog; Involved in the promotion of spontaneous somatic homologous recombination (HR) events, which is opposite to the function of FANCM in ordered HR. Only FANCM is essential for replicative repair in the absence of the endonuclease MUS81. Acts in the same pathway as FANCM to restrain class II meiotic crossing over (CO), and acts with FANCM during meiosis to repair interstrand cross-links (ICLs). This common pathway between MHF1 and FANCM is in parallel to the pathway that involves the RECQ4A helicase. (242 aa) |
| | TRN2 | Protein TORNADO 2; Involved in the basipetal transport of auxin (IAA) that modulates growth and organs organization, as well as cell differentiation. Regulates shoot apical meristem (SAM) organization in the peripheral zone. Required for initial meristematic divisions in the epidermal/lateral root cap leading to the formation of epidermal cells and a clone of lateral root cap cells, as well as for the maintenance of the radial pattern of cell specification in the root, thus regulating the distinction between the lateral root cap and epidermis. Together with WIH peptides, promotes megas [...] (269 aa) |
| | SMC4 | Structural maintenance of chromosomes protein 4; Central component of the condensin complex, a complex required for conversion of interphase chromatin into mitotic-like condense chromosomes. The condensin complex probably introduces positive supercoils into relaxed DNA in the presence of type I topoisomerases and converts nicked DNA into positive knotted forms in the presence of type II topoisomerases. Also involved in chromosome segregation in meiosis; Belongs to the SMC family. SMC4 subfamily. (1241 aa) |
| | MKK6 | Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 6; The ANPs-MKK6-MPK4 module is involved in the regulation of plant cytokinesis during meiosis and mitosis. MKK6-MPK13 module positively regulates lateral root formation. Phosphorylates and activates MPK4. Activates MPK5 and MPK13 in vitro. (356 aa) |
| | WIH1 | Cysteine-rich and transmembrane domain-containing protein WIH1; Required for the promotion of megasporogenesis, or promotion of germ cell formation from somatic precursor cells. Acts redundantly with WIH2. Functions in a genetic pathway downstream of SPL/NZZ and WUS and together with TRN2 in promoting megasporogenesis. (82 aa) |
| | SAP | Transcriptional regulator STERILE APETALA; Transcriptional regulator involved in the specification of floral identity. Acts as A class cadastral protein by repressing the C class floral homeotic gene AGAMOUS in the external flower organs in association with APETALA2 and other repressors. Is required to maintain floral meristem identity in concert with AGAMOUS. Interacts also with APETALA2 to ensure the normal development of ovule. (446 aa) |
| | XRCC3 | DNA repair protein XRCC3 homolog; Plays essential roles in DNA damage repair in both somatic and meiotic cells. It is important for postsynaptic events following pachytene in meiosis. It is also required for DNA cross-links repair and is involved in double strand breaks (DSBs) repair. (304 aa) |
| | ATR | Serine/threonine-protein kinase ATR; Probable serine/threonine kinase. Plays a central role in cell-cycle regulation by transmitting DNA damage signals to downstream effectors of cell-cycle progression. May recognize the substrate consensus sequence [ST]-Q and phosphorylate histone variant H2AX to form H2AXS139ph at sites of DNA damage, thereby regulating DNA damage response mechanism. Seems to be required for the G2-phase checkpoint in response to replication blocks but not absolutely required in the G2- arrest response to double-strand breaks. May also be involved in the meiosis proc [...] (2702 aa) |
| | RPA1D | Replication protein A 70 kDa DNA-binding subunit D; Component of the replication protein A complex (RPA) required for DNA recombination, repair and replication. The activity of RPA is mediated by single-stranded DNA binding and protein interactions. Probably involved in repair of double-strand DNA breaks (DSBs) induced by genotoxic stresses (By similarity). (629 aa) |
| | MRH10.15 | Eisosome SEG2-like protein. (416 aa) |
| | AGP18 | Lysine-rich arabinogalactan protein 18; Proteoglycan that seems to be implicated in diverse developmental roles such as differentiation, cell-cell recognition, embryogenesis and programmed cell death; Belongs to the lysine-rich AGP family. (209 aa) |
| | CYCA1-2 | Cyclin-A1-2; Involved in the regulation of male meiosis progression. (442 aa) |
| | HOP2-2 | Homologous-pairing protein 2 homolog; Involved in bivalent formation and segregation of homologous chromosomes in meiosis. (226 aa) |
| | KIN12A | Kinesin-like protein KIN-12A; Plus-end directed kinesin-like motor enzyme that plays a critical role in the organization of phragmoplast microtubules during cytokinesis. Constitutes a signaling module in association with serine/threonine-protein kinase TIO that is required to support phragmoplast expansion and cell-plate growth in plant cells. Binds microtubules in an ATP-sensitive manner. (1292 aa) |
| | F5E19_70 | WEB family protein At5g16730, chloroplastic. (853 aa) |
| | PANS1 | Protein PATRONUS 1; Required for the maintenance of centromeric cohesion during interkinesis, until meiosis II. Required for regular configuration and segregation of sister chromatids in meiosis II. Also required for centromere cohesion during meiosis I. Involved in spindle organization at the end of telophase I and in meiosis II. Required to prevent precocious release of pericentromeric cohesins during meiosis, but not for cohesion establishment and monopolar orientation of kinetochores at meiosis I. Involved also in somatic development. Regulates mitotic cell division and ploidy stab [...] (193 aa) |
| | BUB3.1 | Mitotic checkpoint protein BUB3.1; Has a dual function in spindle-assembly checkpoint signaling and in promoting the establishment of correct kinetochore-microtubule (K-MT) attachments. Promotes the formation of stable end-on bipolar attachments. Necessary for kinetochore localization of BUB1. The BUB1/BUB3 complex plays a role in the inhibition of anaphase-promoting complex or cyclosome (APC/C) when spindle-assembly checkpoint is activated and inhibits the ubiquitin ligase activity of APC/C by phosphorylating its activator CDC20 (By similarity). Essential for gametophyte development; [...] (340 aa) |
| | UVH1 | DNA repair endonuclease UVH1; Seems to be involved in nucleotide excision repair (NER) of damaged DNA (dark repair mechanism). Involved in repair of UV light, and probably oxidative damage. The UVH1/RAD1-ERCC1/RAD10 complex may act as an endonuclease making DNA incision 5' to the lesion site. In vitro, is implicated in double strand breaks (DSBs) repair and is required for homologous recombination in the presence of non-homologous overhangs. May mediate the induction of a DNA-damage sensitive cell- cycle checkpoint during the G2 phase. (956 aa) |
| | RBR1 | Retinoblastoma-related protein 1; Key regulator of entry into cell division. Acts as a transcription repressor of E2F target genes, whose activity is required for progress from the G1 to the S phase of the cell cycle. Hyperphosphorylation by CDKA-1 prevents the binding to E2F transcription factors, allowing G1 to S phase transition to operate. Forms a stable complex with E2FA that functions in maintaining cell proliferation through repression of cell differentiation. Plays a central role in the mechanism controlling meristem cell differentiation, cell fate establishment and cell fate m [...] (1013 aa) |
| | ZYP1A | Synaptonemal complex protein 1; Required for chromosome synapsis and normal fidelity of crossing over. (871 aa) |
| | DMC1 | Meiotic recombination protein DMC1 homolog; May participate in meiotic recombination, specifically in homologous strand assimilation, which is required for the resolution of meiotic double-strand breaks. Mediates interhomolog recombination during meiosis. (344 aa) |
| | MIS12 | Protein MIS12 homolog; Constitutive component of kinetochores that is essential for proper cell division during mitotic cell cycle (Probable). May play a role in the modulation of centromere during meiosis. (238 aa) |
| | TIO | Serine/threonine-protein kinase TIO; Plays a role in conventional modes of cytokinesis in meristems and during male gametogenesis but also acts in nonconventional modes of cytokinesis (cellularization) during female gametogenesis. Constitutes a signaling module in association with Kinesin-12 members that is required to support phragmoplast expansion and cell-plate growth in plant cells. (1322 aa) |
| | SDS | Cyclin-SDS; Meiosis-specific cyclin. Required for normal homolog synapsis and recombination in early to mid-prophase 1. May regulate the timing of sister chromatid separation. (578 aa) |
| | PRD3 | Putative recombination initiation defects 3; Involved in DNA cleavage that forms the double-strand breaks (DSB) that initiate meiotic recombination. (449 aa) |
| | SGO2 | SHUGOSHIN 2; Dispensable for both meiotic and mitotic cell cycle progression. Required with SGO1 for full protection of centromeric cohesion during anaphase I. Required to prevent precocious release of pericentromeric cohesins during meiosis. Acts redundantly to SGO1 ; Belongs to the shugoshin family. (470 aa) |
| | ASY3 | Meiosis-specific protein ASY3; Required for normal meiosis in male and female gametophytes. Acts with ASY1 at the interface between the developing chromosome axes and the recombination machinery to ensure interhomolog recombination. Required for synaptonemal complex formation during meiosis. (793 aa) |
| | emb1427 | Gamma-tubulin complex component; Gamma-tubulin complex is necessary for microtubule nucleation at the centrosome; Belongs to the TUBGCP family. (995 aa) |
| | CHR25 | Protein CHROMATIN REMODELING 25; Dissociates RAD51 from nucleoprotein filaments formed on dsDNA. Could be involved in the turnover of RAD51 protein-dsDNA filaments. Addition of RAD54 overcomes inhibition of DNA strand exchange by RAD51 bound to substrate dsDNA. Species preference in the RAD51 dissociation and DNA strand exchange assays underlines the importance of specific RAD54-RAD51 interactions. RAD51 is unable to release dsDNA upon ATP hydrolysis, leaving it stuck on the heteroduplex DNA product after DNA strand exchange (By similarity). Involved in DNA repair and mitotic recombina [...] (910 aa) |
| | CYCL1-1 | Cyclin-L1-1; Cognate cyclin for CDKG1. Required for synapsis and male meiosis, and for the proper splicing of specific resistance (R) genes. Involved in regulation of DNA methylation and transcriptional silencing. (416 aa) |
| | HTR12 | Histone H3-like centromeric protein HTR12; Histone H3-like variant which exclusively replaces conventional H3 in the nucleosome core of centromeric chromatin at the inner plate of the kinetochore. Required for recruitment and assembly of kinetochore proteins, mitotic progression and chromosome segregation. May serve as an epigenetic mark that propagates centromere identity through replication and cell division (By similarity). (178 aa) |
| | KIN7B | Kinesin-like protein KIN-7B; Probable plus end-directed motor protein that functions in the NACK-PQR (ANP3-MKK6-MPK4) MAP kinase signaling pathway, which is essential for somatic cell cytokinesis, especially for the cell-plate formation and its expansion. May regulate the activity and the localization of ANP3, probably by association through the non-catalytic region of the kinase. Functionally redundant with NACK1 and essential to promote the progression of cytokinesis and for cellularization (formation of the cell plate) during microgametogenesis and megagametogenesis. (938 aa) |
| | KIN12B | Kinesin-like protein KIN-12B; Plus-end directed kinesin-like motor enzyme that plays a critical role in the organization of phragmoplast microtubules during cytokinesis. Constitutes a signaling module in association with serine/threonine-protein kinase TIO that is required to support phragmoplast expansion and cell-plate growth in plant cells. Belongs to the TRAFAC class myosin-kinesin ATPase superfamily. Kinesin family. KIN-12 subfamily. (1313 aa) |
| | MHF2 | Protein MHF2 homolog; Acts in the same pathway as FANCM to restrain class II meiotic crossing over (CO), and acts with FANCM during meiosis to repair interstrand cross-links (ICLs); Belongs to the CENP-X/MHF2 family. (104 aa) |
| | F4P9.17 | FK506-binding nuclear-like protein. (272 aa) |
| | PCH2 | Pachytene checkpoint protein 2 homolog; Plays a key role in chromosome recombination during meiosis. Mediates meiotic chromosome remodeling and crossover maturation. (467 aa) |
| | F10M6.170 | Myosin heavy chain-related protein. (783 aa) |
| | MND1 | Meiotic nuclear division protein 1 homolog; Required for proper homologous chromosome pairing and efficient cross-over and intragenic recombination during meiosis. Stimulates both DMC1/LIM15- and RAD51-mediated homologous strand assimilation, which is required for the resolution of meiotic double- strand breaks. (230 aa) |
| | SPL8 | Squamosa promoter-binding-like protein 8; Trans-acting factor that binds specifically to the consensus nucleotide sequence 5'-TNCGTACAA-3'. Binds specifically to the 5'-GTAC- 3' core sequence. Involved in development and floral organogenesis. Required for ovule differentiation, pollen production, filament elongation, seed formation and siliques elongation. Also seems to play a role in the formation of trichomes on sepals. May positively modulate gibberellin (GA) signaling in flower. (333 aa) |
| | RAD51C | DNA repair protein RAD51 homolog 3; Involved in the homologous recombination repair (HRR) pathway of double-stranded DNA breaks arising during DNA replication or induced by DNA-damaging agents. (363 aa) |
| | KIN1-2 | Kinesin-like protein KIN-1; Kinesin-like motor protein that promotes synapsis and is required for proper crossover distribution in meiosis. Plays a role in the nuclear division cycles during megagametogenesis. (465 aa) |
| | F11C18.80 | Transcriptional regulator. (873 aa) |
| | MPS1-2 | Serine/threonine-protein kinase MPS1; Involved in the regulation of the onset of mitosis. Involved in a pathway that coordinates cell proliferation and differentiation. Implicated in spindle pole body (SPD) duplication (By similarity). May be a downstream regulator of auxin signaling in the formation of secondary roots (Probable); Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. Ser/Thr protein kinase family. (777 aa) |
| | AGO9 | Protein argonaute 9; Involved in RNA-mediated post-transcriptional gene silencing (PTGS). Main component of the RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC) that binds to a short guide RNA such as a microRNA (miRNA) or small interfering RNA (siRNA). RISC uses the mature miRNA or siRNA as a guide for slicer-directed cleavage of homologous mRNAs to repress gene expression. Associates preferentially with small RNAs of 24 nucleotide in length with a 5' terminal adenosine. Interacts with 24 nucleotide sRNAs derived from transposable elements (TEs). Required to silence pericentrometric-located TEs i [...] (896 aa) |
| | EME1A | Crossover junction endonuclease EME1A; Interacts with MUS81 to form a DNA structure-specific endonuclease with substrate preference for branched DNA structures with a 5'-end at the branch nick. Typical substrates include 3'-flap structures, D-loops, replication forks, nicked Holliday junctions and also intact Holliday junctions with a reduced efficiency. May be required in mitosis for the processing of stalled or collapsed replication fork intermediates. Plays a role in DNA repair and in genotoxic stress-induced homologous recombination (HR) in somatic cells. Mediates a subset of meiot [...] (546 aa) |
| | BRCA2A | Protein BREAST CANCER SUSCEPTIBILITY 2 homolog A; Involved in double-strand break repair and/or homologous recombination by mediating RAD51- and DMC1-facilitated DNA repair. Plays an essential role in both somatic and meiotic homologous recombination. Is crucial for the formation of RAD51 and DMC1 foci during male meiotic homologous recombination in prophase I. (1151 aa) |
| | BRCA2B | Protein BREAST CANCER SUSCEPTIBILITY 2 homolog B; Involved in double-strand break repair and/or homologous recombination by mediating RAD51- and DMC1-facilitated DNA repair. Plays an essential role in both somatic and meiotic homologous recombination. Is crucial for the formation of RAD51 and DMC1 foci during male meiotic homologous recombination in prophase I. (1155 aa) |
| | BHLH157 | Transcription factor bHLH157; Transcription factor that may regulate root development. (527 aa) |
| | MMD1 | PHD finger protein MALE MEIOCYTE DEATH 1; Probable transcription factor required for chromosome organization and progression during male meiosis (e.g. microsporogenesis). (704 aa) |
| | hus1 | Checkpoint protein; Belongs to the HUS1 family. (319 aa) |
| | SMC1 | Structural maintenance of chromosomes protein 1; Central component of cohesin, a complex required for chromosome cohesion during the cell cycle. The cohesin complex may form a large proteinaceous ring within which sister chromatids can be trapped. At anaphase, the complex is cleaved and dissociates from chromatin, allowing sister chromatids to segregate. Cohesion is coupled to DNA replication and is involved in DNA repair. The cohesin complex plays also an important role in spindle pole assembly during mitosis and in chromosomes movement (By similarity). Essential protein plant viabili [...] (1218 aa) |
| | F7F1.3 | Aspartyl/glutamyl-tRNA(Asn/Gln) amidotransferase subunit. (421 aa) |
| | XRI1 | Protein XRI1; Required for mitotic division of the generative cell nucleus and the development of mature tricellular pollen grains, and for male and female meiosis. (300 aa) |
| | PAT21 | Protein S-acyltransferase 21; S-acyltransferase involved in protein lipid modification. Belongs to the DHHC palmitoyltransferase family. (565 aa) |
| | XRCC2 | DNA repair protein XRCC2 homolog; Involved in the homologous recombination repair (HRR) pathway of double-stranded DNA, thought to repair chromosomal fragmentation, translocations and deletions. (372 aa) |
| | CENPC | Centromere protein C; Component of the CENPA-NAC (nucleosome-associated) complex, a complex that plays a central role in assembly of kinetochore proteins, mitotic progression and chromosome segregation. Belongs to the CENP-C/MIF2 family. (705 aa) |
| | FAN1 | Fanconi-associated nuclease 1 homolog; Nuclease required for the repair of DNA interstrand cross- links (ICLs). Acts as a 5'-3' exonuclease that anchors at a cut end of DNA and cleaves DNA successively at every third nucleotide, allowing to excise an ICL from one strand through flanking incisions (By similarity). May act upstream of the helicase RECQL4A and the ATPase RAD5A, which is involved in error-free post-replicative repair. Functions independently of MUS81 pathway, but in a similar pathway with RECQ4A, RAD5A and MFH1 in ICL repair. (891 aa) |
| | RMI1 | RecQ-mediated genome instability protein 1; Essential component of the RMI complex, a complex that plays an important role in the resolution step of homologous recombination, in a process called Holliday Junction dissolution, to limit DNA crossover formation in cells. Together with TOP3A, is essential for the resolution of meiotic recombination intermediates, a step that prevents entanglement of the parental chromosomes; Belongs to the RMI1 family. (644 aa) |
| | MUS81 | Crossover junction endonuclease MUS81; Interacts with EME1 to form a DNA structure-specific endonuclease with substrate preference for branched DNA structures with a 5'-end at the branch nick. Typical substrates include 3'-flap structures, D-loops, replication forks, nicked Holliday junctions and also intact Holliday junctions with a reduced efficiency. May be required in mitosis for the processing of stalled or collapsed replication fork intermediates. Plays a role in DNA repair and in genotoxic stress-induced homologous recombination (HR) in somatic cells. Mediates a subset of meioti [...] (659 aa) |
| | MTOPVIB | Type 2 DNA topoisomerase 6 subunit B-like; Component of a topoisomerase 6 complex specifically required for meiotic recombination. Together with SPO11 (SPO11-1 and SPO11-2), mediates DNA cleavage that forms the double-strand breaks (DSB) that initiate meiotic recombination. The complex promotes relaxation of negative and positive supercoiled DNA and DNA decatenation through cleavage and ligation cycles. Belongs to the TOP6B-like family. (473 aa) |
| | ESP1 | Separase; Cleaves SYN1, releasing sister chromatid cohesion. Required for the release of cohesin at anaphase I and anaphase II, whereas the release of cohesin during diplotene and diakinesis occurs in a separase-independent process. Essential for embryo and endosperm development. May play a role in centromeric heterochromatin structure/formation during early meiosis, non-homologous centromere association and radial microtubule system (RMS) formation. May regulate the mitosis-specific cyclin CYCB1-1. (2180 aa) |
| | MER3 | DExH-box ATP-dependent RNA helicase DExH17; DNA helicase required for crossover formation, complete synapsis of homologous chromosomes and bivalent formation during meiosis. Is specific to recombination events resulting in interference- sensitive crossovers (class I meiotic crossover). Belongs to the DExH box helicase family. (1133 aa) |
| | SMC3 | Structural maintenance of chromosomes protein 3; Central component of cohesin, a complex required for chromosome cohesion during the cell cycle. The cohesin complex may form a large proteinaceous ring within which sister chromatids can be trapped. At anaphase, the complex is cleaved and dissociates from chromatin, allowing sister chromatids to segregate. Cohesion is coupled to DNA replication and is involved in DNA repair. The cohesin complex plays also an important role in spindle pole assembly during mitosis and in chromosomes movement (By similarity). Essential protein plant viabili [...] (1204 aa) |
| | PHS1 | Protein POOR HOMOLOGOUS SYNAPSIS 1; Required for accurate chromosome segregation in meiosis. Required for pairing to occur between homologous chromosomes. Acts in early recombination steps and ensures pairing fidelity and proper repair of meiotic DNA double-strand-breaks. Regulates recombination and pairing of homologous chromosomes during meiotic prophase by controlling transport of RAD50 from cytoplasm to the nucleus. May affect pairing of the gene-rich fraction of the genome rather than preventing pairing between repetitive DNA elements. (349 aa) |
| | CALS5 | Callose synthase 5; Required for the formation of the callose wall separating the tetraspores (interstitial wall) and surrounding the pollen mother cells (pheripheral wall). Required for exine formation on pollen wall. May be involved in callose synthesis during pollen tube growth. During plant growth and development, callose is found as a transitory component of the cell plate in dividing cells, is a major component of pollen mother cell walls and pollen tubes, and is found as a structural component of plasmodesmatal canals. (1923 aa) |
| | PLC2 | Phosphoinositide phospholipase C 2; The production of the second messenger molecules diacylglycerol (DAG) and inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3) is mediated by activated phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C enzymes. At physiological calcium concentration, the preferred substrate is phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate versus phosphatidylinositol. (581 aa) |
