ABC transporter G family member 36; Key factor that controls the extent of cell death in the defense response. Necessary for both callose deposition and glucosinolate activation in response to pathogens. Required for limiting invasion by nonadapted powdery mildews. Confers resistance to cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb), probably as an efflux pump of Cd2+ or Cd conjugates, and possibly, of chemicals that mediate pathogen resistance.

Beta-glucosidase 26, peroxisomal; Possesses beta-glucosidase activity toward 4-methyl- umbelliferyl-beta-D-glucoside in vitro. Possesses myrosinase activity toward indol-3-yl-methylglucosinolate (I3M) and 4-methoxy-indol-3-yl- methylglucosinolate (4MO-I3M) in vivo. Component of an inducible preinvasion resistance mechanism that prevents penetration of the nonhost fungal species B.graminis and E.pisi. Involved in indole glucosinolate (IGS) activation during pattern- triggered immunity (PTI). Functions as myrosinase for the breakdown of flg22-triggered IGS. Required for both callose depo [...]

ABC transporter G family member 36; Key factor that controls the extent of cell death in the defense response. Necessary for both callose deposition and glucosinolate activation in response to pathogens. Required for limiting invasion by nonadapted powdery mildews. Confers resistance to cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb), probably as an efflux pump of Cd2+ or Cd conjugates, and possibly, of chemicals that mediate pathogen resistance.

Glutamate--cysteine ligase, chloroplastic; Seems to play an important role in controlling the expression of resistance responses like the regulation of salicylic acid (SA) and phytoalexin (camalexin) production. Involved in resistance to fungal and bacterial pathogens. Required for the regulation of cell proliferation in root apical meristems through the GSH-dependent developmental pathway. Also participates in the detoxification process, the antioxidant response and is essential for embryo development and proper seed maturation. Belongs to the carboxylate-amine ligase family. Glutamat [...]

ABC transporter G family member 36; Key factor that controls the extent of cell death in the defense response. Necessary for both callose deposition and glucosinolate activation in response to pathogens. Required for limiting invasion by nonadapted powdery mildews. Confers resistance to cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb), probably as an efflux pump of Cd2+ or Cd conjugates, and possibly, of chemicals that mediate pathogen resistance.

Glutathione gamma-glutamylcysteinyltransferase 1; Involved in the synthesis of phytochelatins (PC) and homophytochelatins (hPC), the heavy-metal-binding peptides of plants. Also involved in glutathione-conjugates degradation.

Beta-glucosidase 26, peroxisomal; Possesses beta-glucosidase activity toward 4-methyl- umbelliferyl-beta-D-glucoside in vitro. Possesses myrosinase activity toward indol-3-yl-methylglucosinolate (I3M) and 4-methoxy-indol-3-yl- methylglucosinolate (4MO-I3M) in vivo. Component of an inducible preinvasion resistance mechanism that prevents penetration of the nonhost fungal species B.graminis and E.pisi. Involved in indole glucosinolate (IGS) activation during pattern- triggered immunity (PTI). Functions as myrosinase for the breakdown of flg22-triggered IGS. Required for both callose depo [...]

ABC transporter G family member 36; Key factor that controls the extent of cell death in the defense response. Necessary for both callose deposition and glucosinolate activation in response to pathogens. Required for limiting invasion by nonadapted powdery mildews. Confers resistance to cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb), probably as an efflux pump of Cd2+ or Cd conjugates, and possibly, of chemicals that mediate pathogen resistance.

Beta-glucosidase 26, peroxisomal; Possesses beta-glucosidase activity toward 4-methyl- umbelliferyl-beta-D-glucoside in vitro. Possesses myrosinase activity toward indol-3-yl-methylglucosinolate (I3M) and 4-methoxy-indol-3-yl- methylglucosinolate (4MO-I3M) in vivo. Component of an inducible preinvasion resistance mechanism that prevents penetration of the nonhost fungal species B.graminis and E.pisi. Involved in indole glucosinolate (IGS) activation during pattern- triggered immunity (PTI). Functions as myrosinase for the breakdown of flg22-triggered IGS. Required for both callose depo [...]

Cytochrome P450 81F2; Involved in indole glucosinolate biosynthesis. Catalyzes hydroxylation reactions of the glucosinolate indole ring. Converts indol-3-yl-methylglucosinolate (I3M) to 4-hydroxy-indol-3-yl- methylglucosinolate (4OH-I3M) and/or 1-hydroxy-indol-3-yl- methylglucosinolate (1OH-I3M) intermediates. These hydroxy intermediates are converted to 4-methoxy-indol-3-yl-methylglucosinolate (4MO-I3M) and 1-methoxy-indol-3-yl-methylglucosinolate (1MO-I3M) by indole glucosinolate methyltransferase 1 and 2 (IGMT1 and IGMT2). Contributes to defense against the green peach aphid (Myzus [...]

Callose synthase 12; Involved in sporophytic and gametophytic development. Required for normal leaf development. During pollen formation, required for the formation of the callose wall separating the tetraspores of the tetrad (interstitial wall), but not for the callose wall surrounding the pollen mother cells (peripheral wall). Functionally redudant to CALS11 (GSL1). May play a role later in pollen grain maturation. Required for callose formation induced by wounding and pathogen attack. May interfere with salicylic acid-induced signaling pathway during defense response. During plant g [...]

Callose synthase 9; Involved in sporophytic and gametophytic development. Required for normal plant development. During pollen formation, required for the entry of microspores into mitosis and microspore symmetric division. May be required for correct temporal and spatial control of callose deposition during pollen mitosis. During plant growth and development, callose is found as a transitory component of the cell plate in dividing cells, is a major component of pollen mother cell walls and pollen tubes, and is found as a structural component of plasmodesmatal canals.

Callose synthase 12; Involved in sporophytic and gametophytic development. Required for normal leaf development. During pollen formation, required for the formation of the callose wall separating the tetraspores of the tetrad (interstitial wall), but not for the callose wall surrounding the pollen mother cells (peripheral wall). Functionally redudant to CALS11 (GSL1). May play a role later in pollen grain maturation. Required for callose formation induced by wounding and pathogen attack. May interfere with salicylic acid-induced signaling pathway during defense response. During plant g [...]

Cytochrome P450 81F2; Involved in indole glucosinolate biosynthesis. Catalyzes hydroxylation reactions of the glucosinolate indole ring. Converts indol-3-yl-methylglucosinolate (I3M) to 4-hydroxy-indol-3-yl- methylglucosinolate (4OH-I3M) and/or 1-hydroxy-indol-3-yl- methylglucosinolate (1OH-I3M) intermediates. These hydroxy intermediates are converted to 4-methoxy-indol-3-yl-methylglucosinolate (4MO-I3M) and 1-methoxy-indol-3-yl-methylglucosinolate (1MO-I3M) by indole glucosinolate methyltransferase 1 and 2 (IGMT1 and IGMT2). Contributes to defense against the green peach aphid (Myzus [...]

Callose synthase 12; Involved in sporophytic and gametophytic development. Required for normal leaf development. During pollen formation, required for the formation of the callose wall separating the tetraspores of the tetrad (interstitial wall), but not for the callose wall surrounding the pollen mother cells (peripheral wall). Functionally redudant to CALS11 (GSL1). May play a role later in pollen grain maturation. Required for callose formation induced by wounding and pathogen attack. May interfere with salicylic acid-induced signaling pathway during defense response. During plant g [...]

Ethylene-insensitive protein 2; Central factor in signaling pathways regulated by ethylene (ET), and involved in various processes including development, plant defense, senescence, nucleotide sugar flux, and tropisms. Necessary for ethylene-mediated gene regulation, and for the induction of some genes by ozone. Acts downstream of ET receptors, and upstream of ethylene regulated transcription factors. Required for cytokinin-mediated processes. Seems to be implicated in cross-talk between ET, jasmonate and other pathways. Probably not involved in iron uptake. Has a short half-life and un [...]

Callose synthase 12; Involved in sporophytic and gametophytic development. Required for normal leaf development. During pollen formation, required for the formation of the callose wall separating the tetraspores of the tetrad (interstitial wall), but not for the callose wall surrounding the pollen mother cells (peripheral wall). Functionally redudant to CALS11 (GSL1). May play a role later in pollen grain maturation. Required for callose formation induced by wounding and pathogen attack. May interfere with salicylic acid-induced signaling pathway during defense response. During plant g [...]

PLASMODESMATA CALLOSE-BINDING PROTEIN 1; Able to bind (1->3)-beta-D-glucans (laminarin). Probably involved in cell-to-cell trafficking regulation.

Callose synthase 9; Involved in sporophytic and gametophytic development. Required for normal plant development. During pollen formation, required for the entry of microspores into mitosis and microspore symmetric division. May be required for correct temporal and spatial control of callose deposition during pollen mitosis. During plant growth and development, callose is found as a transitory component of the cell plate in dividing cells, is a major component of pollen mother cell walls and pollen tubes, and is found as a structural component of plasmodesmatal canals.

Callose synthase 12; Involved in sporophytic and gametophytic development. Required for normal leaf development. During pollen formation, required for the formation of the callose wall separating the tetraspores of the tetrad (interstitial wall), but not for the callose wall surrounding the pollen mother cells (peripheral wall). Functionally redudant to CALS11 (GSL1). May play a role later in pollen grain maturation. Required for callose formation induced by wounding and pathogen attack. May interfere with salicylic acid-induced signaling pathway during defense response. During plant g [...]

Tryptophan N-monooxygenase 1; Converts tryptophan to indole-3-acetaldoxime, a precursor for tryptophan-derived glucosinolates and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA). Involved in the biosynthetic pathway to 4-hydroxyindole-3-carbonyl nitrile (4-OH-ICN), a cyanogenic metabolite required for inducible pathogen defense. Belongs to the cytochrome P450 family.

Tryptophan N-monooxygenase 2; Converts tryptophan to indole-3-acetaldoxime, a precursor for tryptophan derived glucosinolates and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA). Belongs to the cytochrome P450 family.

Tryptophan N-monooxygenase 1; Converts tryptophan to indole-3-acetaldoxime, a precursor for tryptophan-derived glucosinolates and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA). Involved in the biosynthetic pathway to 4-hydroxyindole-3-carbonyl nitrile (4-OH-ICN), a cyanogenic metabolite required for inducible pathogen defense. Belongs to the cytochrome P450 family.

Cytochrome P450 83B1; Involved in the metabolism of aromatic oximes. Catalyzes the oxime metabolizing step in indole glucosinolate biosynthesis by converting indole-3-acetaldoxime into indole-3-S-alkyl-thiohydroximate. Probably required for glucosinolate activation in response to pathogens. Functions in auxin homeostasis because indole-3-acetaldoxime also serves as a precursor for auxin biosynthesis. Specifically metabolizes (E)-p-hydroxyphenylacetaldoxime into an S-alkyl- thiohydroximate.

Tryptophan N-monooxygenase 1; Converts tryptophan to indole-3-acetaldoxime, a precursor for tryptophan-derived glucosinolates and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA). Involved in the biosynthetic pathway to 4-hydroxyindole-3-carbonyl nitrile (4-OH-ICN), a cyanogenic metabolite required for inducible pathogen defense. Belongs to the cytochrome P450 family.

Transcription factor MYB51; Transcription factor positively regulating indolic glucosinolate biosynthetic pathway genes.

Tryptophan N-monooxygenase 1; Converts tryptophan to indole-3-acetaldoxime, a precursor for tryptophan-derived glucosinolates and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA). Involved in the biosynthetic pathway to 4-hydroxyindole-3-carbonyl nitrile (4-OH-ICN), a cyanogenic metabolite required for inducible pathogen defense. Belongs to the cytochrome P450 family.

Tryptophan synthase alpha chain, chloroplastic; The alpha subunit is responsible for the aldol cleavage of indoleglycerol phosphate to indole and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate. Required for tryptophan biosynthesis. Contributes to the tryptophan- independent indole biosynthesis, and possibly to auxin production. Belongs to the TrpA family.

Tryptophan N-monooxygenase 1; Converts tryptophan to indole-3-acetaldoxime, a precursor for tryptophan-derived glucosinolates and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA). Involved in the biosynthetic pathway to 4-hydroxyindole-3-carbonyl nitrile (4-OH-ICN), a cyanogenic metabolite required for inducible pathogen defense. Belongs to the cytochrome P450 family.

UDP-glycosyltransferase 74B1; Involved in the biosynthesis of glucosinolate. In in vitro assay, may use phenylacetothiohydroximate (PATH), but not phenylacetic acid (PAA), indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) or salicylic acid (SA) as substrate. Specific for the thiohydroximate functional group and does not glucosylate the carboxylate group or a hydroxyl group.

Tryptophan N-monooxygenase 2; Converts tryptophan to indole-3-acetaldoxime, a precursor for tryptophan derived glucosinolates and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA). Belongs to the cytochrome P450 family.

Tryptophan N-monooxygenase 1; Converts tryptophan to indole-3-acetaldoxime, a precursor for tryptophan-derived glucosinolates and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA). Involved in the biosynthetic pathway to 4-hydroxyindole-3-carbonyl nitrile (4-OH-ICN), a cyanogenic metabolite required for inducible pathogen defense. Belongs to the cytochrome P450 family.

Tryptophan N-monooxygenase 2; Converts tryptophan to indole-3-acetaldoxime, a precursor for tryptophan derived glucosinolates and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA). Belongs to the cytochrome P450 family.

Cytochrome P450 83B1; Involved in the metabolism of aromatic oximes. Catalyzes the oxime metabolizing step in indole glucosinolate biosynthesis by converting indole-3-acetaldoxime into indole-3-S-alkyl-thiohydroximate. Probably required for glucosinolate activation in response to pathogens. Functions in auxin homeostasis because indole-3-acetaldoxime also serves as a precursor for auxin biosynthesis. Specifically metabolizes (E)-p-hydroxyphenylacetaldoxime into an S-alkyl- thiohydroximate.

Tryptophan N-monooxygenase 2; Converts tryptophan to indole-3-acetaldoxime, a precursor for tryptophan derived glucosinolates and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA). Belongs to the cytochrome P450 family.

Transcription factor MYB51; Transcription factor positively regulating indolic glucosinolate biosynthetic pathway genes.

Tryptophan N-monooxygenase 2; Converts tryptophan to indole-3-acetaldoxime, a precursor for tryptophan derived glucosinolates and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA). Belongs to the cytochrome P450 family.

Tryptophan synthase alpha chain, chloroplastic; The alpha subunit is responsible for the aldol cleavage of indoleglycerol phosphate to indole and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate. Required for tryptophan biosynthesis. Contributes to the tryptophan- independent indole biosynthesis, and possibly to auxin production. Belongs to the TrpA family.

Tryptophan N-monooxygenase 2; Converts tryptophan to indole-3-acetaldoxime, a precursor for tryptophan derived glucosinolates and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA). Belongs to the cytochrome P450 family.

UDP-glycosyltransferase 74B1; Involved in the biosynthesis of glucosinolate. In in vitro assay, may use phenylacetothiohydroximate (PATH), but not phenylacetic acid (PAA), indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) or salicylic acid (SA) as substrate. Specific for the thiohydroximate functional group and does not glucosylate the carboxylate group or a hydroxyl group.