STRINGSTRING
T21C14.20 T21C14.20 ABCB1 ABCB1 GRXS17 GRXS17 ALA3 ALA3 ABCG36 ABCG36 RHM1 RHM1 ALA9 ALA9 D6PKL1 D6PKL1 BIG BIG PIN6 PIN6 F20D21.2 F20D21.2 RUS2 RUS2 MAX2 MAX2 PILS5 PILS5 ALA5 ALA5 PATL6 PATL6 SIC SIC ALA11 ALA11 SAUR41 SAUR41 EIN2 EIN2 PIN3 PIN3 ACL5 ACL5 MKK2 MKK2 TAA1 TAA1 MPK10 MPK10 ABCB21 ABCB21 PATL5 PATL5 PILS6 PILS6 NDP1 NDP1 F14F18.220 F14F18.220 MDC16.10 MDC16.10 WAG2 WAG2 PIN2 PIN2 MKK7 MKK7 RHM2 RHM2 ALA4 ALA4 ABCB19 ABCB19 ALA10 ALA10 RHM3 RHM3 PIN8 PIN8 ABCG37 ABCG37 LAX1 LAX1 AXR4 AXR4 3BETAHSD/D1 3BETAHSD/D1 PILS7 PILS7 NDL1 NDL1 TRN1-2 TRN1-2 PIN5 PIN5 GG1 GG1 LAX3 LAX3 AUF1 AUF1 PILS3 PILS3 PILS4 PILS4 PILS2 PILS2 WAG1 WAG1 SAUR62 SAUR62 PIN1 PIN1 AUX1 AUX1 MYB124 MYB124 PATL4 PATL4 ZIFL1 ZIFL1 WAT1 WAT1 PIN7 PIN7 F4N2.12 F4N2.12 GG2 GG2 APM1 APM1 CCD8 CCD8 PIN4 PIN4 PLS PLS ELP6 ELP6 SRD2 SRD2 NPY1 NPY1 RNJ RNJ RGTB1 RGTB1 3BETAHSD/D2 3BETAHSD/D2 PATL2 PATL2 CRY1 CRY1 GN GN D6PKL2 D6PKL2 PP2AA1 PP2AA1 PFD6 PFD6 BRX BRX F18D22.1 F18D22.1 D6PKL3 D6PKL3 NPF6.3 NPF6.3 PFD5 PFD5 AVP1 AVP1 CHS CHS ABCB4 ABCB4 CIPK6 CIPK6 PID PID WRKY23 WRKY23 NOV NOV APP1 APP1 T13E15.16 T13E15.16 SAUR63 SAUR63 PILS1 PILS1 CYP711A1 CYP711A1
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T21C14.20Protein BIG GRAIN 1-like C; Involved in auxin transport. Regulator of the auxin signaling pathway; Belongs to the BIG GRAIN 1 (BG1) plant protein family. (341 aa)
ABCB1ABC transporter B family member 1; Auxin efflux transporter that acts as a negative regulator of light signaling to promote hypocotyl elongation. Mediates the accumulation of chlorophyll and anthocyanin, as well as the expression of genes in response to light. Participates directly in auxin efflux and thus regulates the polar (presumably basipetal) auxin transport (from root tips to root elongating zone). Transports also some auxin metabolites such as oxindoleacetic acid and indoleacetaldehyde. Involved in diverse auxin-mediated responses including gravitropism, phototropism and latera [...] (1286 aa)
GRXS17Monothiol glutaredoxin-S17; May only reduce GSH-thiol disulfides, but not protein disulfides (Probable). Participates probably to the maturation of iron- sulfur proteins and to the regulation of the redox state of the BOLA proteins. The GRXS17-BOLA2 heterodimer binds a labile, oxygen sensitive iron-sulfur cluster. (488 aa)
ALA3Phospholipid-transporting ATPase 3; Involved in transport of phospholipids. Contributes to transmembrane flipping of lipids. Required for secretory processes during plant development. Requires an interaction with an ALIS protein for activity. Has activity with phosphatidylserine, phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine, but not with lysolipid. Modifies endomembranes in multiple cell types, enabling structural changes, or signaling functions that are critical for normal development and adaptation to varied growth environments. (1213 aa)
ABCG36ABC transporter G family member 36; Key factor that controls the extent of cell death in the defense response. Necessary for both callose deposition and glucosinolate activation in response to pathogens. Required for limiting invasion by nonadapted powdery mildews. Confers resistance to cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb), probably as an efflux pump of Cd2+ or Cd conjugates, and possibly, of chemicals that mediate pathogen resistance. (1469 aa)
RHM1UDP-4-keto-6-deoxy-D-glucose 3,5-epimerase/UDP-4-keto-L-rhamnose 4-keto-reductase; Trifunctional enzyme involved in UDP-beta-L-rhamnose biosynthesis, a precursor of the primary cell wall components rhamnogalacturonan I (RG-I) and rhamnogalacturonan II (RG-II). Plays a major role in supplying UDP-rhamnose for flavonol biosynthesis. Catalyzes the dehydration of UDP-glucose to form UDP-4-dehydro-6-deoxy- D-glucose followed by the epimerization of the C3' and C5' positions of UDP-4-dehydro-6-deoxy-D-glucose to form UDP-4-keto-beta-L-rhamnose and the reduction of UDP-4-keto-beta-L-rhamnose [...] (669 aa)
ALA9Putative phospholipid-transporting ATPase 9; Involved in transport of phospholipids. (1200 aa)
D6PKL1Serine/threonine-protein kinase D6PKL1; Protein kinase that regulates the auxin transport activity of PIN auxin efflux facilitators by direct phosphorylation. D6PK-mediated PIN phosphorylation promotes auxin transport in the hypocotyl and this is a prerequisite for PHOT1-dependent hypocotyl bending. (506 aa)
BIGAuxin transport protein BIG; Required for auxin efflux and polar auxin transport (PAT) influencing auxin-mediated developmental responses (e.g. cell elongation, apical dominance, lateral root production, inflorescence architecture, general growth and development). Controls the elongation of the pedicels and stem internodes through auxin action. Involved in the expression modulation of light-regulated genes. Represses CAB1 and CAB3 genes expression in etiolated seedlings. Confers sensitivity to the auxin transport inhibitors N-1-naphthylphthalamic acid (NPA), 2- carboxyphenyl-3-phenylpr [...] (5098 aa)
PIN6Auxin efflux carrier component 6; Component of the intracellular auxin-transport pathway. Regulates auxin transport and auxin homeostasis. Directly involved in the regulation of nectar production. Involved in unfolded protein response (UPR) activation. Involved in the control of vein patterning. Redundantly with PIN8, inhibits the vein-formation-promoting functions of PIN5. PIN5, PIN6, and PIN8 control vein network geometry, but they are expressed in mutually exclusive domains of leaf vascular cells. Belongs to the auxin efflux carrier (TC 2.A.69.1) family. (570 aa)
F20D21.2Protein BIG GRAIN 1-like B; Involved in auxin transport. Regulator of the auxin signaling pathway; Belongs to the BIG GRAIN 1 (BG1) plant protein family. (366 aa)
RUS2Protein root UVB sensitive 2, chloroplastic; Involved in a root UV-B sensing pathway and in the protection against the hypersensitivity to very low-fluence-rate (VLF) UV-B. RSU1 and RUS2 are probably both negative modulators of the same UV-B perception pathway, which when overstimulated in the roots causes a block to postgermination development. Required for polar auxin transport and to maintain the normal levels of PIN proteins in the root. (433 aa)
MAX2F-box protein MAX2; Component of SCF(ASK-cullin-F-box) E3 ubiquitin ligase complexes, which may mediate the ubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation of target proteins. Promotes the senescence. Is necessary for responses to strigolactones and karrikins. Contributes to the selective repression of axillary shoots and moderates the branching by regulating negatively the auxin transport in primary stems, in an AXR1-independent manner. Required for the progression of leaf senescence mediated by methyl jasmonate. Required at each node to suppress axillary bud growth. (693 aa)
PILS5Protein PIN-LIKES 5; Involved in cellular auxin homeostasis by regulating auxin metabolism. Regulates intracellular auxin accumulation at the endoplasmic reticulum and thus auxin availability for nuclear auxin signaling. (396 aa)
ALA5Probable phospholipid-transporting ATPase 5; Involved in transport of phospholipids. (1228 aa)
PATL6Patellin-6; Carrier protein that may be involved in membrane-trafficking events associated with cell-plate formation during cytokinesis. Binds to some hydrophobic molecules such as phosphoinositides and promotes their transfer between the different cellular sites (By similarity). (409 aa)
SICProtein SICKLE; Involved in miRNAs and siRNAs biogenesis and thus promotes gene silencing. Modulates auxin (IAA) transport- related developmental programs by regulating protein phosphatase 2A (PP2As)-driven auxin efflux carrier PIN proteins recycling and polarity. Required during development. Necessary for abiotic stress (e.g. chilling and salt) tolerance. (319 aa)
ALA11Probable phospholipid-transporting ATPase 11; Involved in transport of phospholipids. (1203 aa)
SAUR41Auxin-responsive protein SAUR41; Plays a role in the regulation of cell expansion, root meristem patterning and auxin transport; Belongs to the ARG7 family. (147 aa)
EIN2Ethylene-insensitive protein 2; Central factor in signaling pathways regulated by ethylene (ET), and involved in various processes including development, plant defense, senescence, nucleotide sugar flux, and tropisms. Necessary for ethylene-mediated gene regulation, and for the induction of some genes by ozone. Acts downstream of ET receptors, and upstream of ethylene regulated transcription factors. Required for cytokinin-mediated processes. Seems to be implicated in cross-talk between ET, jasmonate and other pathways. Probably not involved in iron uptake. Has a short half-life and un [...] (1294 aa)
PIN3Auxin efflux carrier component 3; Acts as a component of the auxin efflux carrier. Seems to be involved in the lateral auxin transport system and mediates tropic growth. Coordinated polar localization of PIN3 is directly regulated by the vesicle trafficking process. (640 aa)
ACL5Thermospermine synthase ACAULIS5; Required for correct xylem specification through regulation of the lifetime of the xylem elements. Prevents premature death of the xylem vessel elements. (339 aa)
MKK2Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 2; MEKK1, MKK1/MKK2 and MPK4 function in a signaling pathway that modulates the expression of genes responding to biotic and abiotic stresses and also plays an important role in pathogen defense by negatively regulating innate immunity. Plays a role in abiotic stress tolerance and plant disease resistance through activation of MPK4 and MPK6 by phosphorylation. Acts redundantly with MKK1. (363 aa)
TAA1L-tryptophan--pyruvate aminotransferase 1; L-tryptophan aminotransferase involved in auxin (IAA) biosynthesis. Can convert L-tryptophan and pyruvate to indole-3-pyruvic acid (IPA) and alanine. Catalyzes the first step in IPA branch of the auxin biosynthetic pathway. Required for auxin production to initiate multiple change in growth in response to environmental and developmental cues. It is also active with phenylalanine, tyrosine, leucine, alanine, methionine and glutamine. Both TAA1 and TAR2 are required for maintaining proper auxin levels in roots, while TAA1, TAR1 and TAR2 are requ [...] (391 aa)
MPK10Mitogen-activated protein kinase 10. (393 aa)
ABCB21ABC transporter B family member 21. (1296 aa)
PATL5Patellin-5; Carrier protein that may be involved in membrane-trafficking events associated with cell plate formation during cytokinesis. Binds to some hydrophobic molecules such as phosphoinositides and promotes their transfer between the different cellular sites (By similarity). (668 aa)
PILS6Protein PIN-LIKES 6; Involved in cellular auxin homeostasis by regulating auxin metabolism. Regulates intracellular auxin accumulation at the endoplasmic reticulum and thus auxin availability for nuclear auxin signaling; Belongs to the auxin efflux carrier (TC 2.A.69.2) family. (431 aa)
NDP1Tetratricopeptide repeat (TPR)-like superfamily protein. (420 aa)
F14F18.220Protein BIG GRAIN 1-like D; Involved in auxin transport. Regulator of the auxin signaling pathway; Belongs to the BIG GRAIN 1 (BG1) plant protein family. (362 aa)
MDC16.10Protein BIG GRAIN 1-like A; Involved in auxin transport. Regulator of the auxin signaling pathway; Belongs to the BIG GRAIN 1 (BG1) plant protein family. (357 aa)
WAG2Serine/threonine-protein kinase WAG2; Serine/threonine-protein kinase involved in the regulation of auxin signaling. Acts as a positive regulator of cellular auxin efflux and regulates organ development by enhancing PIN-mediated polar auxin transport. Phosphorylates conserved serine residues in the PIN auxin efflux carriers. Phosphorylation of PIN proteins is required and sufficient for apical-basal PIN polarity that enables directional intercellular auxin fluxes, which mediate differential growth, tissue patterning and organogenesis. Acts as suppressors of root waving. (480 aa)
PIN2Auxin efflux carrier component 2; Acts as a component of the auxin efflux carrier. Seems to be involved in the root-specific auxin transport, and mediates the root gravitropism. Its particular localization suggest a role in the translocation of auxin towards the elongation zone. (647 aa)
MKK7Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 7; May function as a negative regulator of polar auxin transport. Positively regulates plant basal and systemic acquired resistance (SAR). Activates MPK3 and MPK6 in vitro. (307 aa)
RHM2UDP-4-keto-6-deoxy-D-glucose 3,5-epimerase/UDP-4-keto-L-rhamnose 4-keto-reductase; Trifunctional enzyme involved in UDP-beta-L-rhamnose biosynthesis, a precursor of the primary cell wall components rhamnogalacturonan I (RG-I) and rhamnogalacturonan II (RG-II). Catalyzes the dehydration of UDP-glucose to form UDP-4-dehydro-6-deoxy- D-glucose followed by the epimerization of the C3' and C5' positions of UDP-4-dehydro-6-deoxy-D-glucose to form UDP-4-keto-beta-L-rhamnose and the reduction of UDP-4-keto-beta-L-rhamnose to yield UDP-beta-L- rhamnose. Required for the normal seed coat epiderm [...] (667 aa)
ALA4Probable phospholipid-transporting ATPase 4; Involved in transport of phospholipids. (1216 aa)
ABCB19ABC transporter B family member 19; Auxin efflux transporter that acts as a negative regulator of light signaling to promote hypocotyl elongation. Mediates the accumulation of chlorophyll and anthocyanin, as well as the expression of genes in response to light. Participates in auxin efflux and thus regulates the polar auxin basipetal transport (from auxin-producing leaves to auxin-sensitive tissues, and from root tips to root elongating zone). Involved in diverse auxin-mediated responses including gravitropism, phototropism and lateral root formation. (1252 aa)
ALA10Phospholipid-transporting ATPase 10; Involved in transport of phospholipids. (1202 aa)
RHM3UDP-4-keto-6-deoxy-D-glucose 3,5-epimerase/UDP-4-keto-L-rhamnose 4-keto-reductase; Trifunctional enzyme involved in UDP-beta-L-rhamnose biosynthesis, a precursor of the primary cell wall components rhamnogalacturonan I (RG-I) and rhamnogalacturonan II (RG-II). Catalyzes the dehydration of UDP-glucose to form UDP-4-dehydro-6-deoxy-D-glucose followed by the epimerization of the C3' and C5' positions of UDP-4-dehydro-6-deoxy-D-glucose to form UDP-4- keto-beta-L-rhamnose and the reduction of UDP-4-keto-beta-L-rhamnose to yield UDP-beta-L-rhamnose (By similarity). In the N-terminal section; [...] (664 aa)
PIN8Auxin efflux carrier component 8; Component of the intracellular auxin-transport pathway in the male gametophyte. Involved in the regulation of auxin homeostasis in pollen. Involved in the efflux of auxin from the endoplasmic reticulum into the cytoplasm. PIN5 and PIN8 may have an antagonistic/compensatory activity. Involved in the control of vein patterning. Redundantly with PIN6, inhibits the vein-formation- promoting functions of PIN5. PIN5, PIN6, and PIN8 control vein network geometry, but they are expressed in mutually exclusive domains of leaf vascular cells. (367 aa)
ABCG37ABC transporter G family member 37; May be a general defense protein; Belongs to the ABC transporter superfamily. ABCG family. PDR (TC 3.A.1.205) subfamily. (1450 aa)
LAX1Auxin transporter-like protein 1; Carrier protein involved in proton-driven auxin influx. Mediates the formation of auxin gradient from developing leaves (site of auxin biosynthesis) to tips by contributing to the loading of auxin in vascular tissues and facilitating acropetal (base to tip) auxin transport within inner tissues of the root apex, and basipetal (tip to base) auxin transport within outer tissues of the root apex (By similarity). (488 aa)
AXR4Protein AUXIN RESPONSE 4; Required for the auxin influx facilitator AUX1 polar trafficking and its asymmetric localization within the plasma membrane. Not involved in the PIN proteins localization. (473 aa)
3BETAHSD/D13beta-hydroxysteroid-dehydrogenase/decarboxylase isoform 1. (439 aa)
PILS7Protein PIN-LIKES 7; Involved in cellular auxin homeostasis by regulating auxin metabolism. Regulates intracellular auxin accumulation at the endoplasmic reticulum and thus auxin availability for nuclear auxin signaling; Belongs to the auxin efflux carrier (TC 2.A.69.2) family. (395 aa)
NDL1Protein NDL1; Interacts with the heterotrimeric G protein beta subunit GB1 and plays an significant role in GB1-dependent regulation of lateral root formation. Involved in a signaling pathway that modulates root auxin transport and auxin gradients. Acts partially by positively regulating the auxin carrier PIN2 and AUX1. Acts, together with GB1 as positive regulator of meristem initiation and branching. GB1 and NDL1 positively regulate basipetal inflorescence auxin transport and modulate MAX2 expression in shoots, which regulates organ and lateral meristem formation by the establishment [...] (346 aa)
TRN1-2Protein TORNADO 1; Involved in the basipetal transport of auxin (IAA) that modulates growth and organs organization. Required for initial divisions in the epidermal/lateral root cap leading to the formation of epidermal cells and a clone of lateral root cap cells, as well as for the maintenance of the radial pattern of cell specification in the root, thus regulating the distinction between the lateral root cap and epidermis. (1380 aa)
PIN5Auxin efflux carrier component 5; Auxin transporter regulating intracellular auxin homeostasis and metabolism. Mediates the auxin transport from the cytosol into the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum. May also act as an auxin efflux carrier when located to the cell membrane. PIN5 and PIN8 may have an antagonistic/compensatory activity. Involved in unfolded protein response (UPR) activation. Involved in the control of vein patterning. Promotes vein formation. PIN5, PIN6, and PIN8 control vein network geometry, but they are expressed in mutually exclusive domains of leaf vascular cells. (351 aa)
GG1Guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit gamma 1; Guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins) are involved as a modulator or transducer in various transmembrane signaling systems. The beta and gamma chains are required for the GTPase activity, for replacement of GDP by GTP, and for G protein-effector interaction. Involved in the abscisic acid (ABA) and ethylene signaling pathways. Regulates acropetal transport of auxin (IAA) in roots and hypocotyls, and thus modulates root architecture (e.g. lateral root formation). The heterotrimeric G-protein controls defense responses to necr [...] (98 aa)
LAX3Auxin transporter-like protein 3; Carrier protein involved in proton-driven auxin influx. Mediates the formation of auxin gradient from developing leaves (site of auxin biosynthesis) to tips by contributing to the loading of auxin in vascular tissues and facilitating acropetal (base to tip) auxin transport within inner tissues of the root apex, and basipetal (tip to base) auxin transport within outer tissues of the root apex (By similarity); Belongs to the amino acid/polyamine transporter 2 family. Amino acid/auxin permease (AAAP) (TC 2.A.18.1) subfamily. (470 aa)
AUF1F-box protein At1g78100; Component of SCF(ASK-cullin-F-box) E3 ubiquitin ligase complexes, which may mediate the ubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation of target proteins. (334 aa)
PILS3Protein PIN-LIKES 3; Involved in cellular auxin homeostasis by regulating auxin metabolism. Regulates intracellular auxin accumulation at the endoplasmic reticulum and thus auxin availability for nuclear auxin signaling. (390 aa)
PILS4Protein PIN-LIKES 4; Involved in cellular auxin homeostasis by regulating auxin metabolism. Regulates intracellular auxin accumulation at the endoplasmic reticulum and thus auxin availability for nuclear auxin signaling; Belongs to the auxin efflux carrier (TC 2.A.69.2) family. (415 aa)
PILS2Protein PIN-LIKES 2; Involved in cellular auxin homeostasis by regulating auxin metabolism. Regulates intracellular auxin accumulation at the endoplasmic reticulum and thus auxin availability for nuclear auxin signaling. (457 aa)
WAG1Serine/threonine-protein kinase WAG1; Serine/threonine-protein kinase involved in the regulation of auxin signaling. Acts as a positive regulator of cellular auxin efflux and regulates organ development by enhancing PIN-mediated polar auxin transport. Phosphorylates conserved serine residues in the PIN auxin efflux carriers. Phosphorylation of PIN proteins is required and sufficient for apical-basal PIN polarity that enables directional intercellular auxin fluxes, which mediate differential growth, tissue patterning and organogenesis. Acts as suppressors of root waving. (476 aa)
SAUR62Auxin-responsive protein SAUR62; May promote auxin-stimulated organ elongation, such as hypocotyls, stamen filaments and petals; Belongs to the ARG7 family. (141 aa)
PIN1Auxin efflux carrier component 1; Acts as a component of the auxin efflux carrier. Seems to be involved in the basipetal auxin transport. Mediates the formation of auxin gradient which is required to ensure correct organogenesis. Coordinated polar localization of PIN1 is directly regulated by the vesicle trafficking process and apical-basal PIN1 polarity also depends on the phosphorylation of conserved serine residues by PID kinase. The ARF-GEF protein GNOM is required for the correct recycling of PIN1 between the plasma membrane and endosomal compartments. (622 aa)
AUX1Auxin transporter protein 1; Carrier protein involved in proton-driven auxin influx. Mediates the formation of auxin gradient from developing leaves (site of auxin biosynthesis) to tips by contributing to the loading of auxin in vascular tissues and facilitating acropetal (base to tip) auxin transport within inner tissues of the root apex, and basipetal (tip to base) auxin transport within outer tissues of the root apex. Unloads auxin from the mature phloem to deliver the hormone to the root meristem via the protophloem cell files. Coordinated subcellular localization of AUX1 is regula [...] (485 aa)
MYB124Transcription factor MYB124; Transcription factor that binds to DNA in promoters cis- regulatory element 5'-GGCGCGC-3' of cell cycle genes, including cyclins, cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs), and components of the pre- replication complex. Binds to DNA in promoters cis-regulatory element 5'-AGCCG-3' of auxin regulated genes (e.g. PIN3 and PIN7). Together with FAMA and MYB88, ensures that stomata contain just two guard cells (GCs) by enforcing a single symmetric precursor cell division before stomatal maturity. Represses the expression of the mitosis-inducing factors CDKB1-1 and CDKA-1, [...] (436 aa)
PATL4Patellin-4; Carrier protein that may be involved in membrane-trafficking events associated with cell plate formation during cytokinesis. Binds to some hydrophobic molecules such as phosphoinositides and promotes their transfer between the different cellular sites (By similarity). (540 aa)
ZIFL1Protein ZINC INDUCED FACILITATOR-LIKE 1; Major facilitator superfamily (MFS) transporter probably involved in 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) export. K(+) may be the physiological substrate of the transporter. [Isoform 3]: Mediates drought stress tolerance by regulating stomatal closure. (478 aa)
WAT1Protein WALLS ARE THIN 1; Required for secondary wall formation in fibers, especially in short days conditions. Promotes indole metabolism and transport (e.g. tryptophan, neoglucobrassicin and auxin (indole-3-acetic acid)). May prevent salicylic-acid (SA) accumulation. Belongs to the drug/metabolite transporter (DMT) superfamily. Plant drug/metabolite exporter (P-DME) (TC 2.A.7.4) family. (389 aa)
PIN7Auxin efflux carrier component 7; Acts as a component of the auxin efflux carrier. Mediates the initial auxin gradient which contributes to the establishment of the apical-basal axis in early embryogenesis. (619 aa)
F4N2.12Protein BIG GRAIN 1-like E; Involved in auxin transport. Regulator of the auxin signaling pathway; Belongs to the BIG GRAIN 1 (BG1) plant protein family. (321 aa)
GG2Guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit gamma 2; Guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins) are involved as a modulator or transducer in various transmembrane signaling systems. The beta and gamma chains are required for the GTPase activity, for replacement of GDP by GTP, and for G protein-effector interaction. Involved in the abscisic acid (ABA) and ethylene signaling pathways. Regulates basipetal transport of auxin (IAA) in roots and hypocotyls, and thus modulates root architecture (e.g. lateral root formation). The heterotrimeric G-protein controls defense responses to necr [...] (100 aa)
APM1Aminopeptidase M1; Metallopeptidase that binds to the auxin transport inhibitor N-1-naphthylphthalamic acid (NPA). Required for embryonic and seedling development as well as cell cycle progression. Homodimerization is required to proper localization and activity. May play a negative role in the regulation of PIN auxin transport proteins. (879 aa)
CCD8Carotenoid cleavage dioxygenase 8, chloroplastic; Involved in strigolactones biosynthesis by cleaving the C(27) 9-cis-10'-apo-beta-carotenal produced by CCD7. Produces the C(19) carlactone and a C(8) hydroxyaldehyde. Also shows lower activity with all-trans-10'-apo-beta-carotenal producing a C(9) dialdehyde and the C(18) 13-apo-beta-carotenone. Strigolactones are hormones that inhibit tillering and shoot branching through the MAX-dependent pathway, contribute to the regulation of shoot architectural response to phosphate-limiting conditions and function as rhizosphere signal that stimu [...] (570 aa)
PIN4Auxin efflux carrier component 4; Acts as a component of the auxin efflux carrier. Plays a role in generating a sink for auxin into columella cells. Maintains the endogenous auxin gradient, which is essential for correct root patterning. Involved in EXO70A3-regulated gravitropic responses in columella cells and in root system architecture (RSA). (616 aa)
PLSPeptide POLARIS; Required for correct root growth and vascular development, probably by modulating both cell division rate in meristems and cell elongation in roots. Negative regulator of the ethylene signaling pathway that modulates microtubule cytoskeleton dynamics and auxin transport and homeostasis, and possibly cytokinin signaling, thus influencing root growth and lateral root development. (36 aa)
ELP6Elongator complex protein 6; Component of the RNA polymerase II elongator complex, a multiprotein complex associated with the RNA polymerase II (Pol II) holoenzyme, and which is involved in transcriptional elongation. The elongator complex catalyzes formation of carboxymethyluridine in the wobble base at position 34 in tRNAs (By similarity). Promotes organs development by modulating cell division rate. Involved in oxidative stress signaling. Prevents anthocyanins accumulation. Belongs to the ELP6 family. (262 aa)
SRD2snRNA-activating protein complex subunit; Transcription activator of small-nuclear RNA genes (snRNA), which have essential roles in pre-mRNA splicing and rRNA processing. Essential protein involved in the establishment of apical meristems and organ primordia, embryogenesis, cell differentiation and cell proliferation, probably by modulating the establishment of auxin gradients. Participates in the control of competence in cell proliferation; required for the reinitiation of the progression of the cell cycle and subsequent cell proliferation during cell redifferentiation leading to call [...] (375 aa)
NPY1BTB/POZ domain-containing protein NPY1; May act as a substrate-specific adapter of an E3 ubiquitin- protein ligase complex (CUL3-RBX1-BTB) which mediates the ubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation of target proteins (By similarity). Coregulates with PID the auxin-mediated plant organogenesis. Regulates cotyledon development through control of PIN1 polarity. May play an essential role in root gravitropic responses. (571 aa)
RNJRibonuclease J; Essential protein required during embryogenesis, especially in initiating and maintaining the organization of shoot apical meristems (SAMs), cotyledons, and hypocotyls. Involved in auxin-mediated pathways during embryogenesis. RNase that has both endonuclease and 5'-3' exonuclease activities. Involved in RNA surveillance to prevent overaccumulation of antisense RNA. Probably involved in maturation of rRNA and in some organisms also mRNA maturation and/or decay (By similarity). Belongs to the metallo-beta-lactamase superfamily. RNA- metabolizing metallo-beta-lactamase-li [...] (911 aa)
RGTB1Geranylgeranyl transferase type-2 subunit beta 1; Catalyzes the transfer of a geranylgeranyl moiety from geranylgeranyl diphosphate to both cysteines of Rab proteins with the C-terminal sequence -CCXX, CXXX, -XCCX and -XCXC, such as RABA1A, RABA2A, RABF2A and RABG2. Involved in the geranylgeranylation of RABA2A. In vitro, can prenylate PGGTI targets with the C-terminal sequence Cys-aliphatic- aliphatic-X (CaaX) with leucine in the terminal position. Substrates with the C-terminal sequence -CSIL such as ARAC11/ROP1 or GG2/AGG2 are prenylated independently of REP and when the beta subuni [...] (321 aa)
3BETAHSD/D23beta-hydroxysteroid-dehydrogenase/decarboxylase isoform 2. (564 aa)
PATL2Patellin-2; Carrier protein that may be involved in membrane-trafficking events associated with cell plate formation during cytokinesis. Binds to some hydrophobic molecules such as phosphoinositides and promotes their transfer between the different cellular sites (By similarity). Belongs to the patellin family. (683 aa)
CRY1Cryptochrome-1; Photoreceptor that mediates primarily blue light inhibition of hypocotyl elongation and photoperiodic control of floral initiation, and regulates other light responses, including circadian rhythms, tropic growth, stomata opening, guard cell development, root development, bacterial and viral pathogen responses, abiotic stress responses, cell cycles, programmed cell death, apical dominance, fruit and ovule development, seed dormancy, and magnetoreception. Photoexcited cryptochromes interact with signaling partner proteins to alter gene expression at both transcriptional a [...] (681 aa)
GNARF guanine-nucleotide exchange factor GNOM; Activates the ARF proteins by exchanging bound GDP for free GTP. Plays a role in vesicular protein sorting. Acts as the major regulator of endosomal vesicle trafficking but is also involved in the endocytosis process. Could function redundantly with GNL1 in the retrograde Golgi to endoplasmic reticulum trafficking. Regulates vesicle trafficking required for the coordinated polar localization of auxin efflux carriers which in turn determines the direction of auxin flow. Mediates the sorting of PIN1 from endosomal compartments to the basal pla [...] (1451 aa)
D6PKL2Serine/threonine-protein kinase D6PKL2; Protein kinase that regulates the auxin transport activity of PIN auxin efflux facilitators by direct phosphorylation. D6PK-mediated PIN phosphorylation promotes auxin transport in the hypocotyl and this is a prerequisite for PHOT1-dependent hypocotyl bending. (586 aa)
PP2AA1Serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A 65 kDa regulatory subunit A alpha isoform; The A subunit of protein phosphatase 2A serves as a scaffolding molecule to coordinate the assembly of the catalytic subunit and a variable regulatory B subunit. Seems to act as a positive regulator of PP2A catalytic activity. Confers resistance to phosphatase inhibitors such as okadaic acid and cantharidin. Involved during developmental process such as seedling and floral developments, root gravitropism, and stomatal opening regulation. Involved in the regulation of auxin efflux, especially during basip [...] (588 aa)
PFD6Prefoldin 6. (129 aa)
BRXProtein BREVIS RADIX; Acts as a regulator of cell proliferation and elongation in the root and shoot. Regulates roots architecture and primary root protophloem differentiation. Probable transcription regulator. Regulated by the auxin response factor ARF5. Polarly localized in vascular cells and subject to endocytic recycling. Required for CPD expression and for correct nuclear auxin response. Mediates cross-talk between the auxin and brassinosteroid pathways. BRX is a target for auxin-induced, proteasome-mediated degradation. (344 aa)
F18D22.1ARM-repeat/Tetratricopeptide repeat (TPR)-like protein. (631 aa)
D6PKL3Serine/threonine-protein kinase D6PKL3; Protein kinase that regulates the auxin transport activity of PIN auxin efflux facilitators by direct phosphorylation. D6PK-mediated PIN phosphorylation promotes auxin transport in the hypocotyl and this is a prerequisite for PHOT1-dependent hypocotyl bending. (578 aa)
NPF6.3Protein NRT1/ PTR FAMILY 6.3; Dual affinity nitrate transporter. Involved in proton- dependent nitrate uptake and in the regulation of the nitrate transporter NRT2.1. Acts also as a nitrate sensor that trigger a specific signaling pathway stimulating lateral root growth and seed germination. The uptake activity is not required for sensor function. Displays an auxin transport facilitation inhibited by high nitrate concentration. Required to prevent auxin accumulation in preemerged lateral root primordia and young lateral roots when external nitrate concentration is low or null. May be i [...] (590 aa)
PFD5Probable prefoldin subunit 5; Binds specifically to cytosolic chaperonin (c-CPN) and transfers target proteins to it. Binds to nascent polypeptide chain and promotes folding in an environment in which there are many competing pathways for nonnative proteins (By similarity); Belongs to the prefoldin subunit alpha family. (151 aa)
AVP1Pyrophosphate-energized vacuolar membrane proton pump 1; Contributes to the transtonoplast (from cytosol to vacuole lumen) H(+)-electrochemical potential difference. It establishes a proton gradient of similar and often greater magnitude than the H(+)- ATPase on the same membrane. In addition, facilitates auxin transport by modulating apoplastic pH and regulates auxin-mediated developmental processes. Confers tolerance to NaCl and to drought by increasing ion retention; Belongs to the H(+)-translocating pyrophosphatase (TC 3.A.10) family. K(+)-stimulated subfamily. (770 aa)
CHSChalcone synthase; The primary product of this enzyme is 4,2',4',6'- tetrahydroxychalcone (also termed naringenin-chalcone or chalcone) which can under specific conditions spontaneously isomerize into naringenin. (395 aa)
ABCB4ABC transporter B family member 4; Auxin influx transporter that mediates the transport of auxin in roots. Contributes to the basipetal transport in hypocotyls and root tips by establishing an auxin uptake sink in the root cap. Confers sensitivity to 1-N-naphthylphthalamic acid (NPA). Regulates the root elongation, the initiation of lateral roots and the development of root hairs. Can transport IAA, indole-3-propionic acid, NPA syringic acid, vanillic acid and some auxin metabolites, but not 2,4-D and 1- naphthaleneacetic acid. (1286 aa)
CIPK6CBL-interacting serine/threonine-protein kinase 6; CIPK serine-threonine protein kinases interact with CBL proteins. Binding of a CBL protein to the regulatory NAF domain of CIPK protein lead to the activation of the kinase in a calcium-dependent manner. Downstream of CBL1, CBL2, CBL3 and CBL9, regulates by phosphorylation the K(+) conductance and uptake of AKT1. Binds to CBL4 to modulate AKT2 activity by promoting a kinase interaction-dependent but phosphorylation-independent translocation of the channel to the plasma membrane. (441 aa)
PIDProtein kinase PINOID; Serine/threonine-protein kinase involved in the regulation of auxin signaling. Acts as a positive regulator of cellular auxin efflux and regulates organ development by enhancing polar auxin transport. Phosphorylates conserved serine residues in the PIN auxin efflux carriers. Phosphorylation of PIN proteins is required and sufficient for apical-basal PIN polarity that enables directional intercellular auxin fluxes, which mediate differential growth, tissue patterning and organogenesis. Acts in association with PIN1 to control the establishment of bilateral symmetr [...] (438 aa)
WRKY23WRKY transcription factor 23; Transcription factor. Interacts specifically with the W box (5'-(T)TGAC[CT]-3'), a frequently occurring elicitor-responsive cis- acting element (By similarity); Belongs to the WRKY group II-c family. (337 aa)
NOVProtein NO VEIN; Essential protein required for cell fate determination during embryogenesis. Mediates auxin-dependent coordinated cell-fate specification and patterning in embryos (e.g. cotyledon outgrowth and separation), shoots and roots (e.g. leaf vascular development, cellular patterning and stem cell maintenance in the meristems). Required for provascular PIN1 expression and region-specific expression of PIN7 in leaf primordia, cell type-specific expression of PIN3, PIN4, and PIN7 in the root, and PIN2 polarity in the root cortex. (2729 aa)
APP1Aminopeptidase P1; Catalyzes the removal of a penultimate prolyl residue from the N-termini of peptides, such as Arg-Pro-Pro (By similarity). Aminopeptidase that binds to the auxin transport inhibitor N-1- naphthylphthalamic acid (NPA). May play a negative role in the regulation of PIN auxin transport proteins. (645 aa)
T13E15.16Protein kinase superfamily protein. (765 aa)
SAUR63Auxin-responsive protein SAUR63; May promote auxin-stimulated organ elongation, such as hypocotyls, stamen filaments and petals; Belongs to the ARG7 family. (141 aa)
PILS1Protein PIN-LIKES 1; Involved in cellular auxin homeostasis by regulating auxin metabolism. Regulates intracellular auxin accumulation at the endoplasmic reticulum and thus auxin availability for nuclear auxin signaling. (472 aa)
CYP711A1Cytochrome P450 711A1; Converts carlactone to carlactonoic acid by catalyzing consecutive oxidations at C-19 to convert the C-19 methyl group into carboxylic acid. Prefers 11R-carlactone to 11S- carlactone as substrate. Acts downstream of CCD7/MAX3 and CCD8/MAX4 in strigolactone signaling pathway and may be implicated in synthesis of carotenoid-derived branch regulators. Acts as a positive regulator of the flavonoid pathway in the late vegetative stage plant. Strigolactones are hormones that inhibit tillering and shoot branching through the MAX-dependent pathway, contribute to the regu [...] (522 aa)
Your Current Organism:
Arabidopsis thaliana
NCBI taxonomy Id: 3702
Other names: A. thaliana, Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh., mouse-ear cress, thale cress, thale-cress
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