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| | BSK4 | Serine/threonine-protein kinase BSK4; Probable serine/threonine kinase that acts as positive regulator of brassinosteroid (BR) signaling downstream of the receptor kinase BRI1. Functions redundantly with BSK3, BSK6, BSK7 and BSK8. Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. Ser/Thr protein kinase family. (483 aa) |
| | BSK7 | Serine/threonine-protein kinase BSK7; Probable serine/threonine kinase that acts as positive regulator of brassinosteroid (BR) signaling downstream of the receptor kinase BRI1. Functions redundantly with BSK3, BSK5, BSK6 and BSK8. Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. Ser/Thr protein kinase family. (487 aa) |
| | BSK11 | Serine/threonine-protein kinase BSK11; Probable serine/threonine kinase that acts as positive regulator of brassinosteroid (BR) signaling downstream of the receptor kinase BRI1; Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. Ser/Thr protein kinase family. (507 aa) |
| | IWS1 | Protein IWS1 homolog 1; Transcription factor involved in RNA polymerase II (RNAPII) transcription regulation. Involved in transcription elongation. May function at post-recruitment and elongation steps of transcription. May be recruited by BZR2/BES1 to target genes and promote their expression during transcription elongation process. Required for brassinosteroid (BR)-induced gene expression. Required the for regulation of numerous nitrogen-responsive genes in roots. Acts in roots to repress NRT2.1 transcription in response to high nitrogen supply. This repression is associated with an [...] (502 aa) |
| | UPF2 | Regulator of nonsense transcripts UPF2; Recruited by UPF3 associated with the EJC core at the cytoplasmic side of the nuclear envelope and the subsequent formation of an UPF1-UPF2-UPF3 surveillance complex (including UPF1 bound to release factors at the stalled ribosome) is believed to activate NMD. In cooperation with UPF3 stimulates both ATPase and RNA helicase activities of UPF1. Binds spliced mRNA (By similarity). Involved in nonsense-mediated decay (NMD) of mRNAs containing premature stop codons by associating with the nuclear exon junction complex (EJC). Required for plant develo [...] (1181 aa) |
| | F4JPT1_ARATH | Interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase 4 protein. (153 aa) |
| | Dl3235W | Ankyrin repeat family protein. (694 aa) |
| | ISPG | 4-hydroxy-3-methylbut-2-en-1-yl diphosphate synthase (ferredoxin), chloroplastic; Enzyme of the plastid non-mevalonate pathway for isoprenoid biosynthesis that converts 2-C-methyl-D-erythritol 2,4-cyclodiphosphate (ME-2,4cPP) into 1-hydroxy-2-methyl-2-(E)-butenyl 4-diphosphate. Is essential for chloroplast development and required for the salicylic acid (SA)-mediated disease resistance to biotrophic pathogens. (741 aa) |
| | NHL25 | NDR1/HIN1-like 25. (248 aa) |
| | NUP205 | Nuclear pore complex protein NUP205; Belongs to the NUP186/NUP192/NUP205 family. (1838 aa) |
| | COI1 | Coronatine-insensitive protein 1; Required for jasmonate-regulated plant fertility and defense processes, and for coronatine and/or other elicitors perceptions/responses. Seems to not be required for meiosis. Required for the regulation of some genes induced by wounding, but not for all. Component of SCF(COI1) E3 ubiquitin ligase complexes, which may mediate the ubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation of target proteins (probably including the ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase small chain 1B RBCS-1B and the histone deacetylase HDA6). These SCF complexes play crucial roles [...] (592 aa) |
| | B'ALPHA | Serine/threonine protein phosphatase 2A 57 kDa regulatory subunit B' alpha isoform; The B regulatory subunit may modulate substrate selectivity and catalytic activity, and also may direct the localization of the catalytic enzyme to a particular subcellular compartment (By similarity). Required for the formation of the PP2A holoenzyme that positively regulates brassinosteroid signaling by dephosphorylating and activating BZR1. (495 aa) |
| | B'BETA | Serine/threonine protein phosphatase 2A 57 kDa regulatory subunit B' beta isoform; The B regulatory subunit may modulate substrate selectivity and catalytic activity, and also may direct the localization of the catalytic enzyme to a particular subcellular compartment (By similarity). Required for the formation of the PP2A holoenzyme that positively regulates brassinosteroid signaling by dephosphorylating and activating BZR1. (499 aa) |
| | GCR1 | G-protein coupled receptor 1; Together with GPA1, may regulate the cell cycle via a signaling cascade that uses phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C (PI-PLC) as an effector and inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate(IP(3)) as a second messenger. Acts as a negative regulator of GPA1-mediated abscisic acid (ABA) responses in guard cells, and together with GPA1 and GB1 during seed germination and early seedling development. Promotes PI-PLC activity and IP(3) accumulation. Involved in the blue light (BL) signaling. Together with GPA1 and ADT3, required for BL- mediated synthesis of phenylpy [...] (326 aa) |
| | BRI1 | Protein BRASSINOSTEROID INSENSITIVE 1; Receptor with a dual specificity kinase activity acting on both serine/threonine- and tyrosine-containing substrates. Regulates, in response to brassinosteroid binding, a signaling cascade involved in plant development, including expression of light- and stress-regulated genes, promotion of cell elongation, normal leaf and chloroplast senescence, and flowering. Binds brassinolide, and less effectively castasterone, but not 2,3,22,23-O-tetramethylbrassinolide or ecdysone. May be involved in a feedback regulation of brassinosteroid biosynthesis. Pho [...] (1196 aa) |
| | T23A1.2 | Interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase 4 protein. (95 aa) |
| | BIA1 | BAHD acyltransferase BIA1; Monitors brassinosteroids (BR) responses and homeostasis, particularly in the root and hypocotyl in darkness. Promotes flavonoid biosynthesis. Belongs to the plant acyltransferase family. (435 aa) |
| | SNC1 | Protein SUPPRESSOR OF npr1-1, CONSTITUTIVE 1; Disease resistance protein of the TIR-NB-LRR-type. Part of the RPP5 locus that contains a cluster of several paralogous disease resistance (R) genes. Resistance proteins guard the plant against pathogens that contain an appropriate avirulence protein via an indirect interaction with this avirulence protein. That triggers a defense system including the hypersensitive response, which restricts the pathogen growth. Probably acts as a NAD(+) hydrolase (NADase): in response to activation, catalyzes cleavage of NAD(+) into ADP-D- ribose (ADPR) an [...] (1437 aa) |
| | LECRKS2 | Receptor like protein kinase S.2. (851 aa) |
| | BEH3 | BES1/BZR1 homolog protein 3. (284 aa) |
| | IWS2 | Protein IWS1 homolog 2; Transcription factor involved in RNA polymerase II (RNAPII) transcription regulation. Involved in transcription elongation. May function at post-recruitment and elongation steps of transcription. Belongs to the IWS1 family. (406 aa) |
| | MYC4 | Transcription factor MYC4; Transcription factor involved in jasmonic acid (JA) gene regulation. With MYC2 and MYC3, controls additively subsets of JA- dependent responses. Can form complexes with all known glucosinolate- related MYBs to regulate glucosinolate biosynthesis. Binds to the G-box (5'-CACGTG-3') of promoters. Activates multiple TIFY/JAZ promoters. (589 aa) |
| | SYP41 | Syntaxin-41; Vesicle trafficking protein that functions in the secretory pathway; Belongs to the syntaxin family. (322 aa) |
| | SCPL23 | Putative serine carboxypeptidase-like 23; Probable carboxypeptidase. (454 aa) |
| | CYP18-3 | Peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase CYP18-3; PPIases accelerate the folding of proteins. It catalyzes the cis-trans isomerization of proline imidic peptide bonds in oligopeptides. Involved in de-etiolation. Reduces the sensitivity to brassinosteroids by decreasing somehow the abundance of the partially dephosphorylated form of BES1. Triggers the activation of bacterial AvrRpt2 protease activity upon infection by P.syringae. Activated AvrRpt2 confers virulence in plant lacking the RPS2 resistance gene. In plants expressing RPS2, the AvrRpt2-mediated degradation of RIN4 activates RPS2, w [...] (172 aa) |
| | TGA2 | Transcription factor TGA2; Transcriptional activator that binds specifically to the DNA sequence 5'-TGACG-3'. Recognizes ocs elements like the as-1 motif of the cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter. Binding to the as-1-like cis elements mediate auxin- and salicylic acid-inducible transcription. Required to induce the systemic acquired resistance (SAR) via the regulation of pathogenesis-related genes expression. Binding to the as- 1 element of PR-1 promoter is salicylic acid-inducible and mediated by NPR1. Could also bind to the C-boxes (5'-ATGACGTCAT-3') with high affinity. (330 aa) |
| | GRF10 | 14-3-3-like protein GF14 epsilon; Is associated with a DNA binding complex that binds to the G box, a well-characterized cis-acting DNA regulatory element found in plant genes. (254 aa) |
| | GRF6 | 14-3-3-like protein GF14 lambda; Is associated with a DNA binding complex that binds to the G box, a well-characterized cis-acting DNA regulatory element found in plant genes (By similarity). Specific negative regulator of slow- vacuolar (SV) ion channel. Mediates F-actin dynamics possibly through inhibiting ADF1 phosphorylation. Negative regulator of freezing tolerance that modulates cold-responsive C-repeat-binding factors (CBF) DREB1A AND DREB1B proteins stability by facilitating their ubiquitin-mediated degradation when activated by CRPK1-mediated phosophorylation in freezing conditions. (248 aa) |
| | NPR1 | Regulatory protein NPR1; May act as a substrate-specific adapter of an E3 ubiquitin- protein ligase complex (CUL3-RBX1-BTB) which mediates the ubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation of target proteins (By similarity). Key positive regulator of the SA-dependent signaling pathway that negatively regulates JA-dependent signaling pathway. Mediates the binding of TGA factors to the as-1 motif found in the pathogenesis-related PR-1 gene, leading to the transcriptional regulation of the gene defense. Controls the onset of systemic acquired resistance (SAR). Upon SAR induction, [...] (593 aa) |
| | T6D20.3 | Chaperone DnaJ-domain superfamily protein. (263 aa) |
| | GRF2 | 14-3-3-like protein GF14 omega; Is associated with a DNA binding complex that binds to the G box, a well-characterized cis-acting DNA regulatory element found in plant genes; Belongs to the 14-3-3 family. (259 aa) |
| | PBL7 | Probable serine/threonine-protein kinase PBL7; Serine/threonine-protein kinase involved in the positive regulation of brassinosteroid (BR) signaling and plant growth. Phosphorylates both BSU1 and BSL1 in vitro. (378 aa) |
| | SCPL22 | Serine carboxypeptidase-like 22; Probable carboxypeptidase; Belongs to the peptidase S10 family. (464 aa) |
| | ASK6-2 | Shaggy-related protein kinase zeta; May mediate extracellular signals to regulate transcription in differentiating cells. (412 aa) |
| | ASK7 | Shaggy-related protein kinase eta; Negative regulator in brassinosteroid signal transduction pathway important for plant growth. May be also involved in auxin signaling pathway. Phosphorylates and increases the degradation of BZR1 and BZR2/BES1 by the proteasome. Phosphorylates BHLH150, beet curly top virus C4 and tomato golden mosaic virus AC4 on threonine and serine residues. Upon brassinosteroid signaling, inhibits stomatal development by phosphorylating and inhibiting the MAPKK kinase YDA and the MAPK kinases MKK4 and MKK5. Phosphorylates BSK1, BSK3, BSK5, BSK6, BSK8 AND BSK11 in v [...] (380 aa) |
| | ASK9 | Shaggy-related protein kinase iota; Phosphorylates BSK1, BSK3, BSK5, BSK6, BSK8 AND BSK11 in vitro. May mediate extracellular signals to regulate transcription in differentiating cells (By similarity). (407 aa) |
| | MPK4 | Mitogen-activated protein kinase 4; The ANPs-MKK6-MPK4 module is involved in the regulation of plant cytokinesis during meiosis and mitosis. Essential to promote the progression of cytokinesis and for cellularization (formation of the cell plate) during male-specific meiosis. Involved in cortical microtubules organization and stabilization by regulating the phosphorylation state of microtubule-associated proteins such as MAP65- 1. Involved in root hair development process. Negative regulator of systemic acquired resistance (SAR) and salicylic acid- (SA) mediated defense response. Requi [...] (376 aa) |
| | TGA5 | Transcription factor TGA5; Transcriptional activator that binds specifically to the DNA sequence 5'-TGACG-3'. Recognizes ocs elements like the as-1 motif of the cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter. Binding to the as-1-like cis elements mediate auxin- and salicylic acid-inducible transcription. May be involved in the induction of the systemic acquired resistance (SAR) via its interaction with NPR1. Could also bind to the Hex-motif (5'- TGACGTGG-3') another cis-acting element found in plant histone promoters. (330 aa) |
| | MYC2 | Transcription factor MYC2; Transcriptional activator. Common transcription factor of light, abscisic acid (ABA), and jasmonic acid (JA) signaling pathways. With MYC3 and MYC4, controls additively subsets of JA-dependent responses. In cooperation with MYB2 is involved in the regulation of ABA-inducible genes under drought stress conditions. Can form complexes with all known glucosinolate-related MYBs to regulate glucosinolate biosynthesis. Binds to the MYC recognition site (5'-CACATG-3'), and to the G-box (5'-CACNTG-3') and Z-box (5'-ATACGTGT-3') of promoters. Binds directly to the prom [...] (623 aa) |
| | TGA3 | Transcription factor TGA3; Transcriptional activator that binds specifically to the DNA sequence 5'-TGACG-3'. Recognizes ocs elements like the as-1 motif of the cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter. Binding to the as-1-like cis elements mediate auxin- and salicylic acid-inducible transcription. Required to induce the systemic acquired resistance (SAR) via the regulation of pathogenesis-related genes expression. Binding to the as- 1 element of PR-1 promoter is salicylic acid-inducible and mediated by NPR1. Could also bind to the Hex-motif (5'-TGACGTGG-3') another cis- acting element fo [...] (384 aa) |
| | MAKR1 | Probable membrane-associated kinase regulator 1; May negatively regulate brassinosteroid signaling. (341 aa) |
| | SAG101 | Senescence-associated carboxylesterase 101; Acyl hydrolase that triggers the leaf senescence onset. Can use triolein as substrate to produce oleic acids. (537 aa) |
| | NPR4 | Regulatory protein NPR4; May act as a substrate-specific adapter of an E3 ubiquitin- protein ligase complex (CUL3-RBX1-BTB) which mediates the ubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation of target proteins (By similarity). Involved in the regulation of basal defense responses against pathogens, and may be implicated in the cross-talk between the SA- and JA-dependent signaling pathways. (574 aa) |
| | WHY3 | Single-stranded DNA-binding protein WHY3, chloroplastic; Single-stranded DNA-binding protein that functions in both chloroplasts and nucleus. In chloroplasts, maintains plastid genome stability by preventing break-induced and short homology-dependent illegitimate recombinations. In the nucleus, is recruited to a distal element upstream of the kinesin KP1 to mediate the transcriptional repression of KP1. Can bind double-stranded DNA in vivo. (268 aa) |
| | MYB56 | Transcription factor MYB56; Acts as a cell-specific local repressor of quiescent center (QC) self-renewal by cell divisions in the primary root. Counteracts brassinosteroid (BR)-mediated cell division in the QC cells. Regulates maternally seed size, especially before the heart stage, promoting both endothelial cells expansion and cell number in the outer integument layer of the seed coat. Modulates the expression of genes involved in cell wall metabolism such as cell division and expansion. Negative regulator of flowering via the repression of FT transcription. (323 aa) |
| | MUR3 | Xyloglucan galactosyltransferase MUR3; Involved in the attachment of the Gal residue on the third xylosyl unit within the XXXG core structure of xyloglucan, the principal glycan that interlaces the cellulose microfibrils in plant cell wall. Associates with other xyloglucan- synthesizing enzymes to form multiprotein complexes for xyloglucan synthesis in the Golgi. Interacts with actin and is required for the proper endomembrane organization and for the cell elongation. Not involved in the trafficking from the endoplasmic reticulum to the vacuoles. Involved in salt stress tolerance. Part [...] (619 aa) |
| | BSK12 | Probable inactive receptor-like kinase BSK12; Probable inactive protein kinase that activates the YODA MAP kinase cascade, which regulates the asymmetric first division and embryo polarity, by promoting the elongation of the zygote and the development of its basal daughter cell into the extra-embryonic suspensor. Acts as an adapter at the plasma membrane, possibly by recruiting and binding an activator. (465 aa) |
| | CAMTA3 | Calmodulin-binding transcription activator 3; Transcription activator that binds to the DNA consensus sequence 5'-[ACG]CGCG[GTC]-3'. Binds calmodulin in a calcium-dependent manner in vitro. Regulates transcriptional activity in response to calcium signals (Probable). Involved in freezing tolerance in association with CAMTA1 and CAMTA2. Required for the cold-induced expression of DREB1B/CBF1, DREB1C/CBF2, ZAT12 and GOLS3. Involved in response to cold. Contributes together with CAMTA5 to the positive regulation of the cold-induced expression of DREB1A/CBF3, DREB1B/CBF1 and DREB1C/CBF2. I [...] (1032 aa) |
| | RH50 | DEAD-box ATP-dependent RNA helicase 50; Probably involved in resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses. (781 aa) |
| | WRKY38 | Probable WRKY transcription factor 38; Transcription factor. Interacts specifically with the W box (5'-(T)TGAC[CT]-3'), a frequently occurring elicitor-responsive cis- acting element (By similarity). (289 aa) |
| | RGL2 | DELLA protein RGL2; Probable transcriptional regulator that acts as a repressor of the gibberellin (GA) signaling pathway. No effect of the BOI proteins on its stability. Probably acts by participating in large multiprotein complexes that repress transcription of GA-inducible genes. Upon GA application, it is degraded by the proteasome, allowing the GA signaling pathway. Acts as a major GA-response repressor of seed germination, including seed thermoinhibition. Promotes the biosynthesis of abscisic acid (ABA), especially in seed coats to maintain seed dormancy. Delays flowering and adu [...] (547 aa) |
| | NPR3 | Regulatory protein NPR3; May act as a substrate-specific adapter of an E3 ubiquitin- protein ligase complex (CUL3-RBX1-BTB) which mediates the ubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation of target proteins (By similarity). Involved in the regulation of basal defense responses against pathogens. (586 aa) |
| | BSL1 | Serine/threonine-protein phosphatase BSL1; Phosphatase involved in elongation process, probably by acting as a regulator of brassinolide signaling. (881 aa) |
| | Q8L923_ARATH | At3g14395. (75 aa) |
| | BSK9 | Kinase with tetratricopeptide repeat domain-containing protein. (492 aa) |
| | B'THETA | Serine/threonine protein phosphatase 2A 57 kDa regulatory subunit B' theta isoform; The B regulatory subunit may modulate substrate selectivity and catalytic activity, and also may direct the localization of the catalytic enzyme to a particular subcellular compartment (By similarity). Associates with the serine/threonine-protein phosphatase PP2A catalytic subunit C and regulatory subunit A to positively regulates beta-oxidation of fatty acids and protoauxins in peroxisomes by dephosphorylating peroxisomal beta-oxidation-related proteins. Required for the formation of the PP2A holoenzym [...] (492 aa) |
| | ACD6 | Protein ACCELERATED CELL DEATH 6; Dose-dependent activator of the defense response against virulent pathogens, including bacteria, fungi and oomycetes, that acts in a positive feedback loop with the defense signal salicylic acid (SA). Regulates the salicylic acid (SA) signaling pathway leading to cell death and modulating cell fate (e.g. cell enlargement and/or cell division). In response to SA signaling, triggers the accumulation of FLS2 at the plasma membrane, thus priming defenses. Involved in SA-dependent freezing signaling and tolerance. (670 aa) |
| | B'GAMMA | Serine/threonine protein phosphatase 2A 59 kDa regulatory subunit B' gamma isoform; The B regulatory subunit may modulate substrate selectivity and catalytic activity, and also may direct the localization of the catalytic enzyme to a particular subcellular compartment (By similarity). Required for the formation of the PP2A holoenzyme that negatively regulates brassinosteroid signaling by dephosphorylating and inactivating BRI1 in the cytoplasm. Seems to be functionally connected with CPR5 and may mediate the negative regulation of defense reactions and senescence under low irradiances. [...] (522 aa) |
| | ORS1 | Protein ORGAN SIZE RELATED 1; Together with ARGOS and ARL, regulates organ growth and final organ size. Promotes both cell expansion and proliferation-dependent organ growth, in an ANT-dependent manner. (88 aa) |
| | BZR1 | Protein BRASSINAZOLE-RESISTANT 1; Transcriptional repressor that binds to the brassinosteroid (BR) response element (BRRE) 5'-CGTG(T/C)G-3' in gene promoter. Regulates positively the brassinosteroid-signaling pathway. Mediates downstream growth responses and negative feedback regulation of brassinosteroid biosynthesis. Promotes growth. Modulates ovule initiation and development by monitoring the expression of genes related to ovule development (e.g. HLL, ANT, and AP2). (336 aa) |
| | HSR4 | Protein HYPER-SENSITIVITY-RELATED 4. (576 aa) |
| | DIR1 | Putative lipid-transfer protein DIR1; Putative lipid transfer protein required for systemic acquired resistance (SAR) long distance signaling. May interact with a lipid-derived molecule to promote long distance signaling associated with SAR. Together with AZI1, required for glycerol-3-phosphate- (G3P) and azelaic acid- (AA) induced systemic acquired resistance (SAR). Component of plant systemic immunity involved in priming defenses in a AA-dependent manner, by modulating production and/or translocation of a mobile signal(s) during SAR; Belongs to the A9/FIL1 family. (102 aa) |
| | BPG2 | GTP-binding protein BRASSINAZOLE INSENSITIVE PALE GREEN 2, chloroplastic; Required for brassinosteroid- (BR) mediated post- transcriptional and translational regulation in the chloroplast, including accumulation of chloroplast rRNA. Involved in chloroplast differentiation. (660 aa) |
| | RPP8 | Disease resistance protein RPP8; Disease resistance protein. Resistance proteins guard the plant against pathogens that contain an appropriate avirulence protein via an indirect interaction with this avirulence protein. That triggers a defense system including the hypersensitive response, which restricts the pathogen growth. The interaction with TIP (TCV-interacting protein) may be essential for the recognition of the avirulence proteins, and the triggering of the defense response. Triggers resistance to turnip crinkle virus (TCV) via a SAG101-dependent pathway. (908 aa) |
| | BSK3 | Serine/threonine-protein kinase BSK3; Probable serine/threonine kinase that acts as positive regulator of brassinosteroid (BR) signaling downstream of the receptor kinase BRI1. Mediates signal transduction from BRI1 by functioning as substrate of BRI1. Functions redundantly with BSK4, BSK6, BSK7 and BSK8. (489 aa) |
| | WRKY54 | Probable WRKY transcription factor 54; Transcription factor. Interacts specifically with the W box (5'-(T)TGAC[CT]-3'), a frequently occurring elicitor-responsive cis- acting element (By similarity). Together with WRKY70, negative regulator of developmental senescence, probably via the regulation of several senescence-associated markers genes. Positive regulator of EDS1-dependent defense against E.amylovora. In collaboration with WRKY70, prevents stomatal closure and, consequently, osmotic stress tolerance. Together with WRKY46 and WRKY70, promotes brassinosteroid (BR)- regulated plant [...] (346 aa) |
| | DAP | LL-diaminopimelate aminotransferase, chloroplastic; Required for lysine biosynthesis. Catalyzes the direct conversion of tetrahydrodipicolinate to LL-diaminopimelate, a reaction that requires three enzymes in E.coli. Not active with meso- diaminopimelate, lysine or ornithine as substrates. Belongs to the class-I pyridoxal-phosphate-dependent aminotransferase family. LL-diaminopimelate aminotransferase subfamily. (461 aa) |
| | BSK1 | Serine/threonine-protein kinase BSK1; Serine/threonine kinase that acts as positive regulator of brassinosteroid (BR) signaling downstream of the receptor kinase BRI1. Mediates signal transduction from BRI1 by functioning as substrate of BRI1. Functions as a positive regulator of plant immunity. May be involved in the regulation of pattern-triggered immunity (PTI) downstream of the flagellin receptor FLS2. Possesses kinase activity in vitro. Kinase activity is required for its function in innate immunity. (512 aa) |
| | BEH2 | BES1/BZR1 homolog protein 2. (318 aa) |
| | C17L7.12 | Ankyrin repeat family protein. (572 aa) |
| | SERK1 | Somatic embryogenesis receptor kinase 1; Dual specificity kinase acting on both serine/threonine- and tyrosine-containing substrates. Phosphorylates BRI1 on 'Ser-887' and CDC48 on at least one threonine residue and on 'Ser-41'. Confers embryogenic competence. Acts redundantly with SERK2 as a control point for sporophytic development controlling male gametophyte production. Involved in the brassinolide signaling pathway. (625 aa) |
| | PCC1 | Cysteine-rich and transmembrane domain-containing protein PCC1; Modulates resistance against pathogens including oomycetes (e.g. Hyaloperonospora parasitica and Phytophthora brassicae) and fungi (e.g. Phytophthora brassicae). Controls the abscisic acid-mediated (ABA) signaling pathways. Regulator of the flowering time in response to stress (e.g. UV-C). Regulates polar lipid content; promotes phosphatidylinositol (PI) and 18:0 but prevents 18:2 and 18:3 polar lipids accumulation; Belongs to the CYSTM1 family. (81 aa) |
| | PP2A5-2 | Protein PHLOEM PROTEIN 2-LIKE A5. (411 aa) |
| | RGL1 | DELLA protein RGL1; Probable transcriptional regulator that acts as a repressor of the gibberellin (GA) signaling pathway. No effect of the BOI proteins on its stability. Probably acts by participating in large multiprotein complexes that repress transcription of GA-inducible genes. Has overlapping but distinct roles in GA signaling compared to RGA and GAI. Regulates the floral development. May also participate in seed germination and in ovule and anther development. Its activity is probably regulated by other phytohormones such as auxin and ethylene. (511 aa) |
| | PRE3 | Transcription factor PRE3; Atypical and probable non DNA-binding bHLH transcription factor required for MONOPTEROS-dependent root initiation in embryo. Promotes the correct definition of the hypophysis cell division plane. Transcriptionally controlled by MONOPTEROS. Moves from its site of synthesis in pro-embryos cells into the hypophysis. Regulates brassinosteroid (BR) signaling by sequestering negative BR signaling components. May function as positive regulator of gibberellin signaling. May play a role in the regulation of light signaling and possibly auxin signaling. (93 aa) |
| | BSK8 | Serine/threonine-protein kinase BSK8; Probable serine/threonine kinase that acts as positive regulator of brassinosteroid (BR) signaling downstream of the receptor kinase BRI1. Functions redundantly with BSK3, BSK4, BSK6 and BSK7. Involved in the regulation of sucrose-phosphate synthase 1 (SPS1) in the context of sucrose resuply after starvation. Activates BSL2, a phosphatase that may dephosphorylate SPS1, leading to the activation of SPS1 ; Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. Ser/Thr protein kinase family. (487 aa) |
| | EDR4 | Protein ENHANCED DISEASE RESISTANCE 4; Plays a negative role in salicylic acid (SA)-mediated resistance to powdery mildew (e.g. Golovinomyces cichoracearum). May modulate plant immunity by regulating the relocation of EDR1 by interacting with CHC2 and modulating endocytosis. (615 aa) |
| | BSK5 | Serine/threonine-protein kinase BSK5; Probable serine/threonine kinase that acts as positive regulator of brassinosteroid (BR) signaling downstream of the receptor kinase BRI1. Involved in abiotic stress tolerance. Required for salt stress and abscisic acid-mediated drought stress tolerance. (489 aa) |
| | MYC3 | Transcription factor MYC3; Transcription factor involved in tryptophan, jasmonic acid (JA) and other stress-responsive gene regulation. With MYC2 and MYC4, controls additively subsets of JA-dependent responses. Can form complexes with all known glucosinolate-related MYBs to regulate glucosinolate biosynthesis. Binds to the G-box (5'-CACGTG-3') of promoters. Activates multiple TIFY/JAZ promoters. (592 aa) |
| | UPF1 | Regulator of nonsense transcripts 1 homolog; Involved in nonsense-mediated decay (NMD) of mRNAs containing premature stop codons (premature termination codon PTC) by associating with the nuclear exon junction complex (EJC) and serving as link between the EJC core and NMD machinery. Eliminates the production of nonsense-containing RNAs (ncRNAs). Required for plant development and adaptation to environmental stresses, including plant defense and response to wounding. Belongs to the DNA2/NAM7 helicase family. (1254 aa) |
| | PRE1 | Transcription factor PRE1; Atypical and probable non DNA-binding bHLH transcription factor that integrates multiple signaling pathways to regulate cell elongation and plant development. Binds IBH1, forming a pair of antagonistic bHLH transcription factors that function downstream of BZR1 to mediate brassinosteroid regulation of cell elongation. Regulates light responses by binding and inhibiting the activity of the bHLH transcription factor HFR1, a critical regulator of light signaling and shade avoidance. May have a regulatory role in various aspects of gibberellin-dependent growth an [...] (92 aa) |
| | MS1-2 | PHD finger protein MALE STERILITY 1; Transcriptional activator required for anther and post- meiotic pollen development and maturation. Seems to regulate inflorescence branching and floral development. May control tapetal development by directly regulating tapetal programmed cell death (PCD) and breakdown. Implicated in pollen cytosolic components and wall development (e.g. exine and intine formation). (672 aa) |
| | BKI1 | BRI1 kinase inhibitor 1; Negative regulator of brassinosteroid signaling. When associated to the membrane, limits the interaction of BRI1 with BAK1 by binding to the kinase-inactive form of BRI1. (337 aa) |
| | TOR | Serine/threonine-protein kinase TOR; Essential cell growth regulator that controls development from early embryo to seed production. Controls plant growth in environmental stress conditions. Acts through the phosphorylation of downstream effectors that are recruited by the binding partner RAPTOR. Acts by activating transcription, protein synthesis and ribosome biogenesis, and inhibiting mRNA degradation and autophagy. Can phosphorylate TAP46, a regulatory subunit of protein phosphatase 2A that modulates cell growth and survival. Involved in modulating the transition from heterotrophic [...] (2481 aa) |
| | UPF3 | Regulator of nonsense transcripts UPF3; Recruits UPF2 at the cytoplasmic side of the nuclear envelope and the subsequent formation of an UPF1-UPF2-UPF3 surveillance complex (including UPF1 bound to release factors at the stalled ribosome) is believed to activate NMD. Binds spliced mRNA upstream of exon-exon junctions (By similarity). Involved in nonsense-mediated decay (NMD) of mRNAs containing premature stop codons (premature termination codon PTC) by associating with the nuclear exon junction complex (EJC) and serving as link between the EJC core and NMD machinery. Eliminates the pro [...] (482 aa) |
| | SWEET15 | Bidirectional sugar transporter SWEET15; Mediates both low-affinity uptake and efflux of sugar across the plasma membrane. Regulates cell viability under high salinity. Promotes senescence and sensitivity to salt stress. Contributes to seed filling by triggering sucrose efflux involved in the transfer of sugars from seed coat to embryos. (292 aa) |
| | RGL3 | DELLA protein RGL3; Probable transcriptional regulator that acts as a repressor of the gibberellin (GA) signaling pathway. No effect of the BOI proteins on its stability. Probably acts by participating in large multiprotein complexes that repress transcription of GA-inducible genes. Its activity may be regulated by phytohormones such as auxin and ethylene (By similarity); Belongs to the GRAS family. DELLA subfamily. (523 aa) |
| | BSK10 | Kinase with tetratricopeptide repeat domain-containing protein. (499 aa) |
| | ABCG37 | ABC transporter G family member 37; May be a general defense protein; Belongs to the ABC transporter superfamily. ABCG family. PDR (TC 3.A.1.205) subfamily. (1450 aa) |
| | BZR2 | Protein BRASSINAZOLE-RESISTANT 2; Positive regulator of brassinosteroid (BR) signaling. Transcription factor that activates target gene expression by binding specifically to the DNA sequence 5'-CANNTG-3'(E box) through its N- terminal domain. Can bind individually to the promoter as a homodimer or synergistically as a heterodimer with BIM1, BIM2 or BIM3. The C- terminal domain is probably involved in transcriptional activation. Recruits the transcription elongation factor IWS1 to control BR- regulated gene expression. Forms a trimeric complex with IWS1 and ASHH2/SDG8 to regulate BR-reg [...] (335 aa) |
| | GRI | Protein GRIM REAPER; Involved in the regulation of cell death induced by extracellular reactive oxygen species. Only the processed peptide, and not the full length GRI can bind in vivo to the extracellular domain of the receptor PRK5. The GRIp-induced cell death is superoxide and salicylic acid dependent. Belongs to the STIG1 family. (168 aa) |
| | ERF014 | Ethylene-responsive transcription factor ERF014; Probably acts as a transcriptional activator. Binds to the GCC-box pathogenesis-related promoter element. May be involved in the regulation of gene expression by stress factors and by components of stress signal transduction pathways (By similarity); Belongs to the AP2/ERF transcription factor family. ERF subfamily. (211 aa) |
| | MKK7 | Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 7; May function as a negative regulator of polar auxin transport. Positively regulates plant basal and systemic acquired resistance (SAR). Activates MPK3 and MPK6 in vitro. (307 aa) |
| | SD113 | G-type lectin S-receptor-like serine/threonine-protein kinase SD1-13; Receptor-like serine/threonine-protein kinase that represses the disease resistance signaling pathway triggered in response to bacterial pathogen such as Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato. (830 aa) |
| | GAI | DELLA protein GAI; Transcriptional regulator that acts as a repressor of the gibberellin (GA) signaling pathway. Transcription coactivator of the zinc finger transcription factors GAF1/IDD2 and ENY/IDD1 in regulation of gibberellin homeostasis and signaling. No effect of the BOI proteins on its stability. Probably acts by participating in large multiprotein complexes that repress transcription of GA-inducible genes. Positively regulates XERICO expression. In contrast to RGA, it is less sensitive to GA. Its activity is probably regulated by other phytohormones such as auxin and ethylene [...] (533 aa) |
| | BSU1 | Serine/threonine-protein phosphatase BSU1; Phosphatase that acts as a positive regulator of brassinosteroid (BR) signaling. Dephosphorylates BES1, a transcription factor that regulates the expression of BR-response genes, thereby playing an important role in the regulation of response to BRs. Inactivates the negative regulator of BR signaling ASK7/BIN2 by dephosphorylation at 'Tyr-200'. (793 aa) |
| | BSK2 | Serine/threonine-protein kinase BSK2; Probable serine/threonine kinase that acts as positive regulator of brassinosteroid (BR) signaling downstream of the receptor kinase BRI1. Mediates signal transduction from BRI1 by functioning as substrate of BRI1. (489 aa) |
| | CDG1 | Serine/threonine-protein kinase CDG1; Serine/threonine-protein kinase involved in the positive regulation of brassinosteroid (BR) signaling and plant growth. Mediates BR signal transduction from BRI1 receptor kinase to BSU1 phosphatase. After activation by phosphorylation at Ser-234 by BRI1, CDG1 phosphorylates BSU1 at 'Ser-764' in the phosphatase domain, increasing the ability of BSU1 to inactivate the negative regulator of BR signaling ASK7/BIN2 by dephosphorylation at 'Tyr-200'. The full kinase activity of CDG1 is required for its biological function. (432 aa) |
| | LECRK92 | L-type lectin-domain containing receptor kinase IX.2; Promotes hydrogen peroxide H(2)O(2) production and cell death; In the N-terminal section; belongs to the leguminous lectin family. (675 aa) |
| | LECRK19 | L-type lectin-domain containing receptor kinase I.9; Essential receptor for extracellular ATP. Binds ATP with high affinity through its extracellular legume-lectin like region. Is required for ATP-induced intracellular calcium response, mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 (MPK3) and MPK6 activation and ATP-induced gene expression. May play a variety of roles in stress resistance. May be involved in protein-protein interactions with RGD motif-containing proteins as potential ligands. Plays probably a structural and signaling role at the plant cell surfaces. (766 aa) |
| | B'ETA | Serine/threonine protein phosphatase 2A 59 kDa regulatory subunit B' eta isoform; The B regulatory subunit may modulate substrate selectivity and catalytic activity, and also may direct the localization of the catalytic enzyme to a particular subcellular compartment (By similarity). The holoenzyme composed of PP2AA1, PP2A4 and B'ETA acts as negative regulator of plant innate immunity by controlling BAK1 phosphorylation state and activation in surface-localized immune receptor complexes. Required for the formation of the PP2A holoenzyme that negatively regulates brassinosteroid signalin [...] (510 aa) |
| | RALF23 | Rapid alkalinization factor 23; Cell signaling peptide that may regulate plant stress, growth, and development. Mediates a rapid alkalinization of extracellular space by mediating a transient increase in the cytoplasmic Ca(2+) concentration leading to a calcium-dependent signaling events through a cell surface receptor and a concomitant activation of some intracellular mitogen-activated protein kinases (By similarity). Regulates negatively brassinolide (BL)-mediated signaling pathway (e.g. BL-induced hypocotyl elongation and branching limitation). (138 aa) |
| | B'ZETA | Serine/threonine protein phosphatase 2A 59 kDa regulatory subunit B' zeta isoform; The B regulatory subunit may modulate substrate selectivity and catalytic activity, and also may direct the localization of the catalytic enzyme to a particular subcellular compartment (By similarity). The holoenzyme composed of PP2AA1, PP2A4 and B'ZETA acts as negative regulator of plant innate immunity by controlling BAK1 phosphorylation state and activation in surface-localized immune receptor complexes. Required for the formation of the PP2A holoenzyme that negatively regulates brassinosteroid signal [...] (546 aa) |
| | TTL-2 | 2-oxo-4-hydroxy-4-carboxy-5-ureidoimidazoline decarboxylase; Involved in the last two steps of the degradation of uric acid, i.e. the hydrolysis of 5-hydroxyisourate (HIU) to 2-oxo-4- hydroxy-4-carboxy-5-ureidoimidazoline (OHCU) and its stereoselective decarboxylation to (S)-allantoin. Might function as a negative regulator to modulate brassinosteroid-mediated plant growth; In the C-terminal section; belongs to the transthyretin family. 5-hydroxyisourate hydrolase subfamily. (324 aa) |
| | GCN2 | eIF-2-alpha kinase GCN2; Metabolic-stress sensing protein kinase that phosphorylates the alpha subunit of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 eIF-2- alpha in response to low amino acid availability. Plays a role as an activator of the general amino acid control pathway required for adapatation to amino acid starvation. Converts phosphorylated eIF-2- alpha either to a competitive inhibitor of translation initiation, leading to a global protein synthesis repression, and thus to a reduced overall utilization of amino acids, or to a translational initiation activation of specific mR [...] (1241 aa) |
| | PAR2 | Transcription factor PAR2; Atypical bHLH transcription factor that acts as negative regulator of a variety of shade avoidance syndrome (SAS) responses, including seedling elongation and photosynthetic pigment accumulation. Acts as direct transcriptional repressor of two auxin-responsive genes, SAUR15 and SAUR68. May function in integrating shade and hormone transcriptional networks in response to light and auxin changes. (118 aa) |
| | WRKY70 | Probable WRKY transcription factor 70; Transcription factor involved in senescence, biotic and abiotic stress responses by modulating various phytohormones signaling pathways. Interacts specifically with the W box (5'- (T)TGAC[CT]-3'), a frequently occurring elicitor-responsive cis-acting element (By similarity). Binds to the 5'-[CT]GACTTTT-3' motif in promoters of target genes to induce their expression. Plays an important but not indispensable role in jasmonate and salicylic acid signaling. Regulates positively the salicylic acid (SA)-mediated signal pathway, but negatively the jasmo [...] (294 aa) |
| | GH3.12 | 4-substituted benzoates-glutamate ligase GH3.12; Catalyzes the conjugation of specific amino acids (e.g. Glu and possibly His, Lys, and Met) to their preferred acyl substrates (e.g. 4-substituted benzoates), in a magnesium ion- and ATP-dependent manner. Can use 4-substituted benzoates such as 4-aminobenzoate (pABA), 4-fluorobenzoate and 4-hydroxybenzoate (4-HBA), and, to a lesser extent, benzoate, vanillate and trans-cinnamate, but not 2-substituted benzoates and salicylic acid (SA), as conjugating acyl substrates. Involved in both basal and induced resistance in a SA-dependent manner. [...] (575 aa) |
| | LLP | Lectin-like protein; Plays a positive role in the effector-triggered immunity (ETI) response. Involved in salicylic acid (SA)-mediated processes occurring in ETI response, but is not involved in the autophagy process. Promotes systemic rather than local immunity. Essential for systemic acquired resistance (SAR), but not necessary for immune signaling downstream of SA. May act in parallel with SA ; Belongs to the leguminous lectin family. (274 aa) |
| | WRKY62 | Probable WRKY transcription factor 62; Transcription factor. Interacts specifically with the W box (5'-(T)TGAC[CT]-3'), a frequently occurring elicitor-responsive cis- acting element (By similarity); Belongs to the WRKY group III family. (263 aa) |
| | SCPL24 | Serine carboxypeptidase 24 chain A; Active serine carboxypeptidase with broad substrate preference, including basic and hydrophilic groups. Processes a protein involved in an early event in the brassinosteroid signaling pathway. (465 aa) |
| | IBL1 | Transcription factor IBH1-like 1; Functions redundandly with IBH1/BHLH158 in a regulation node known as the incoherent feed-forward loop (FFL). Acts as transcriptional repressor that negatively regulates cell and organ elongation in response to gibberellin (GA) and brassinosteroid (BR) signaling. (180 aa) |
| | LFG2 | Protein LIFEGUARD 2; Regulates the brassinosteroid (BR) signaling pathway that mediates cell elongation and organ morphogenesis. (Microbial infection) May prevent cell death upon A.alternata f.sp. lycopersici (AAL) toxin treatment. (239 aa) |
| | BSK6 | Serine/threonine-protein kinase BSK6; Probable serine/threonine kinase that acts as positive regulator of brassinosteroid (BR) signaling downstream of the receptor kinase BRI1. Functions redundantly with BSK3, BSK4, BSK7 and BSK8. Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. Ser/Thr protein kinase family. (490 aa) |
| | BHLH150 | Transcription factor bHLH150; Atypical bHLH transcription factor probably unable to bind DNA. Negatively regulates brassinosteroid signaling. (211 aa) |
| | WHY1 | Single-stranded DNA-binding protein WHY1, chloroplastic; Single-stranded DNA-binding protein that functions in both chloroplasts and nucleus. In chloroplasts, maintains plastid genome stability by preventing break-induced and short homology-dependent illegitimate recombinations. In nucleus, modulates telomere length homeostasis by inhibiting the action of the telomerase at the extreme termini of chromosomes. Is recruited to a distal element upstream of the kinesin KP1 to mediate the transcriptional repression of KP1. Is required for full salicylic acid-dependent plant disease resistanc [...] (263 aa) |
| | PAD4 | Lipase-like PAD4; Probable lipase required downstream of MPK4 for accumulation of the plant defense-potentiating molecule, salicylic acid, thus contributing to the plant innate immunity against invasive biotrophic pathogens and to defense mechanisms upon recognition of microbe- associated molecular patterns (MAMPs). Participates in the regulation of various molecular and physiological processes that influence fitness. Together with SG101, required for programmed cell death (PCD) triggered by NBS-LRR resistance proteins (e.g. RPS4, RPW8.1 and RPW8.2) in response to the fungal toxin fumo [...] (541 aa) |
| | BEH1 | BES1/BZR1 homolog protein 1. (276 aa) |
| | EIN2 | Ethylene-insensitive protein 2; Central factor in signaling pathways regulated by ethylene (ET), and involved in various processes including development, plant defense, senescence, nucleotide sugar flux, and tropisms. Necessary for ethylene-mediated gene regulation, and for the induction of some genes by ozone. Acts downstream of ET receptors, and upstream of ethylene regulated transcription factors. Required for cytokinin-mediated processes. Seems to be implicated in cross-talk between ET, jasmonate and other pathways. Probably not involved in iron uptake. Has a short half-life and un [...] (1294 aa) |
| | FER | Receptor-like protein kinase FERONIA; Receptor-like protein kinase that mediates the female control of male gamete delivery during fertilization, including growth cessation of compatible pollen tubes ensuring a reproductive isolation barriers, by regulating MLO7 subcellular polarization upon pollen tube perception in the female gametophyte synergids. Required for cell elongation during vegetative growth, mostly in a brassinosteroids- (BR-) independent manner. Acts as an upstream regulator for the Rac/Rop-signaling pathway that controls ROS-mediated root hair development. Seems to regul [...] (895 aa) |
| | DOX1 | Alpha-dioxygenase 1; Alpha-dioxygenase that catalyzes the primary oxygenation of fatty acids into oxylipins. Mediates a protection against oxidative stress and cell death, probably by generating some lipid-derived molecules. Promotes local and systemic plant defense in a salicylic acid (SA)-dependent manner, including the establishment of systemic acquired resistance (SAR) in response to incompatible interaction. Involved in a negative regulation of abscisic acid (ABA)-mediated signaling pathway. (639 aa) |
| | GRXC9 | Glutaredoxin-C9; Has a glutathione-disulfide oxidoreductase activity in the presence of NADPH and glutathione reductase. Reduces low molecular weight disulfides and proteins (By similarity). (137 aa) |
| | BSL3 | Serine/threonine-protein phosphatase BSL3; Phosphatase involved in elongation process, probably by acting as a regulator of brassinolide signaling. (1006 aa) |
| | WRKY1 | WRKY transcription factor 1; Transcription factor. Binds to a 5'-CGTTGACCGAG-3' consensus core sequence which contains a W box, a frequently occurring elicitor- responsive cis-acting element; Belongs to the WRKY group I family. (487 aa) |
| | T23A1.3 | Protein kinase superfamily protein. (328 aa) |
| | TTL3 | Inactive TPR repeat-containing thioredoxin TTL3; Involved in osmotic and salt stress tolerance. May play a role in the control of meristematic cell size during osmotic stress. May function as an adaptor protein for BRL2 and may be required for signaling affecting leaf vascular tissue pattern formation. (691 aa) |
| | DRD1 | Protein CHROMATIN REMODELING 35; Subunit of the chromatin-remodeling complex (DDR complex) that mediates RNA polymerases IV and V (Pol IV and Pol V) recruitment to chromatin. Cooperates with Pol IV and Pol V to regulates RNA- and RNAi- (RNA interference) directed non- CpG de novo DNA methylation on cytosine of genes targeted for silencing and enhancers, also known as siRNA-directed DNA methylation (RdDM), thus leading to epigenetic modification of the genome and promoting/maintaining heterochromatin. In collaboration with Pol V, mediates/maintains, in cis, methylation- associated self- [...] (888 aa) |
| | BSL2 | Serine/threonine-protein phosphatase BSL2; Phosphatase involved in elongation process, probably by acting as a regulator of brassinolide signaling. Belongs to the PPP phosphatase family. BSU subfamily. (1018 aa) |
| | PAR1 | Transcription factor PAR1; Atypical bHLH transcription factor that acts as negative regulator of a variety of shade avoidance syndrome (SAS) responses, including seedling elongation and photosynthetic pigment accumulation. Acts as direct transcriptional repressor of two auxin-responsive genes, SAUR15 and SAUR68. May function in integrating shade and hormone transcriptional networks in response to light and auxin changes. (118 aa) |
| | WRKY46 | Probable WRKY transcription factor 46; Transcription factor involved in the regulation of osmotic stress responses and stomatal movement. Interacts specifically with the W box (5'-(T)TGAC[CT]-3'), a frequently occurring elicitor-responsive cis-acting element (By similarity). Positive regulator of EDS1-dependent defense against E.amylovora. Together with WRKY70 and WRKY53, promotes resistance to P.syringae, probably by enhancing salicylic acid (SA)- dependent genes. Contributes to the suppression of jasmonic acid (MeJA)-induced expression of PDF1.2. Together with WRKY54 and WRKY70, prom [...] (295 aa) |
| | SERK4 | Somatic embryogenesis receptor kinase 4; Dual specificity kinase acting on both serine/threonine- and tyrosine-containing substrates. Positively regulates the BR-dependent plant growth pathway and negatively regulates the BR-independent cell- death pathway. (620 aa) |
| | IBH1 | Transcription factor IBH1; Atypical and probable non DNA-binding bHLH transcription factor that acts as transcriptional repressor that negatively regulates cell and organ elongation in response to gibberellin (GA) and brassinosteroid (BR) signaling. Is able to form heterodimer with BHLH49, thus inhibiting DNA binding of BHLH49, which is a transcriptional activator that regulates the expression of a subset of genes involved in cell expansion by binding to the G-box motif. Binds and inhibits HBI1, a positive regulator of cell elongation that directly binds to the promoters and activated [...] (156 aa) |
| | RGA | DELLA protein RGA; Probable transcriptional regulator that acts as a repressor of the gibberellin (GA) signaling pathway. Probably acts by participating in large multiprotein complexes that repress transcription of GA-inducible genes. Positively regulates XERICO expression in seeds. Upon GA application, it is degraded by the proteasome, allowing the GA signaling pathway. Compared to other DELLA proteins, it is the most sensitive to GA application. No effect of the BOI proteins on its stability. Its activity is probably regulated by other phytohormones such as auxin and ethylene, attenu [...] (587 aa) |
| | D14 | Strigolactone esterase D14; Involved in strigolactone signaling pathway. Does not move long distances acropetally in the plant to regulate shoot branching and is rapidly degraded in the presence of strigolactones. Functions downstream of strigolactone synthesis, as a component of hormone signaling and as an enzyme that participates in the conversion of strigolactones to the bioactive form. Acts probably as a strigolactone receptor. Strigolactones are hormones that inhibit tillering and shoot branching through the MAX-dependent pathway, contribute to the regulation of shoot architectura [...] (267 aa) |
| | KIB4 | F-box protein KIB4; Component of SCF(ASK-cullin-F-box) E3 ubiquitin ligase complexes, which may mediate the ubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation of target proteins. Required for brassinosteroid (BR) signal transduction. Mediates ASK7/BIN2/SK21 inactivation both by competing with substrate binding (e.g. BZR1) and by promoting its ubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation. (393 aa) |
| | KIB2 | F-box protein KIB2; Component of SCF(ASK-cullin-F-box) E3 ubiquitin ligase complexes, which may mediate the ubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation of target proteins. Required for brassinosteroid (BR) signal transduction. Mediates ASK7/BIN2/SK21 inactivation both by competing with substrate binding (e.g. BZR1) and by promoting its ubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation. (442 aa) |
| | KIB1 | F-box/kelch-repeat protein KIB1; Component of SCF(ASK-cullin-F-box) E3 ubiquitin ligase complexes, which may mediate the ubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation of target proteins. Required for brassinosteroid (BR) signal transduction. Mediates ASK7/BIN2/SK21 inactivation both by competing with substrate binding (e.g. BZR1) and by promoting its ubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation. (382 aa) |
| | EDS1B | Protein EDS1B; Acts as a second functional copy of EDS1. Can mediate HRT- mediated resistance to turnip crinkle virus. (629 aa) |
| | EDS1 | Protein EDS1; Positive regulator of basal resistance and of effector- triggered immunity specifically mediated by TIR-NB-LRR (TNL) resistance proteins. Disruption by bacterial effector of EDS1-TIR-NB-LRR resistance protein interactions constitutes the first step in resistance activation. Acts redundantly with salicylic acid to regulate resistance gene-mediated signaling. Triggers early plant defenses and hypersensitive response independently of PAD4, and then recruits PAD4 to potentiate plant defenses through the accumulation of salicylic acid. Nuclear localization is essential for bas [...] (623 aa) |
| | SYP43 | Syntaxin-43; Vesicle trafficking protein that functions in the secretory pathway; Belongs to the syntaxin family. (331 aa) |
| | YUC8 | Probable indole-3-pyruvate monooxygenase YUCCA8; Involved in auxin biosynthesis. Belongs to the set of redundant YUCCA genes probably responsible for auxin biosynthesis in roots. (426 aa) |
| | SYP42 | Syntaxin-42; Vesicle trafficking protein that functions in the secretory pathway; Belongs to the syntaxin family. (323 aa) |
| | NPR2 | Regulatory protein NPR2; May act as a substrate-specific adapter of an E3 ubiquitin- protein ligase complex (CUL3-RBX1-BTB) which mediates the ubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation of target proteins. (600 aa) |
| | BRH1 | Brassinosteroid-responsive RING protein 1; May be involved in the brassinosteroids (BRs) signaling pathway and regulate the growth and development of rosette leaves. Seems to prevent over development of leaves and inflorescence stems. (170 aa) |
| | VIK | VH1-interacting kinase. (438 aa) |
| | SERK2 | Somatic embryogenesis receptor kinase 2; Serine/threonine-kinase involved in brassinosteroid-dependent and -independent signaling pathways. Acts redundantly with SERK1 as a control point for sporophytic development controlling male gametophyte production. (628 aa) |
| | ABCG36 | ABC transporter G family member 36; Key factor that controls the extent of cell death in the defense response. Necessary for both callose deposition and glucosinolate activation in response to pathogens. Required for limiting invasion by nonadapted powdery mildews. Confers resistance to cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb), probably as an efflux pump of Cd2+ or Cd conjugates, and possibly, of chemicals that mediate pathogen resistance. (1469 aa) |
| | BRL2 | Serine/threonine-protein kinase BRI1-like 2; Receptor with a serine/threonine-protein kinase activity, which may transduce extracellular spatial and temporal signals into downstream cell differentiation responses in provascular and procambial cells. In contrast to BRI1, BRL1 and BRL3, it does not bind brassinolide. (1143 aa) |
| | HBI1 | Transcription factor HBI1; Atypical bHLH transcription factor that acts as positive regulator of cell elongation downstream of multiple external and endogenous signals by direct binding to the promoters and activation of the two expansin genes EXPA1 and EXPA8, encoding cell wall loosening enzymes. Transcriptional activity is inhibited when binding to the bHLH transcription factor IBH1. (337 aa) |
| | ALD1 | Aminotransferase ALD1, chloroplastic; Aminotransferase involved in local and systemic acquired resistance (SAR) to the bacterial pathogen P.syringae. Required for salicylic acid (SA) and camalexin accumulation upon pathogen infection. Possesses aminotransferase activity in vitro and may generate amino- acid-derived defense signals in vivo. May be involved in ethylene- induced senescence signaling. Involved in the biosynthesis of pipecolate (Pip), a metabolite that orchestrates defense amplification, positive regulation of SA biosynthesis, and priming to guarantee effective local resist [...] (456 aa) |
| | CALS12 | Callose synthase 12; Involved in sporophytic and gametophytic development. Required for normal leaf development. During pollen formation, required for the formation of the callose wall separating the tetraspores of the tetrad (interstitial wall), but not for the callose wall surrounding the pollen mother cells (peripheral wall). Functionally redudant to CALS11 (GSL1). May play a role later in pollen grain maturation. Required for callose formation induced by wounding and pathogen attack. May interfere with salicylic acid-induced signaling pathway during defense response. During plant g [...] (1780 aa) |
| | BEH4 | BES1/BZR1 homolog protein 4. (325 aa) |
| | KIB3 | F-box protein KIB3; Component of SCF(ASK-cullin-F-box) E3 ubiquitin ligase complexes, which may mediate the ubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation of target proteins. Required for brassinosteroid (BR) signal transduction. Mediates ASK7/BIN2/SK21 inactivation both by competing with substrate binding (e.g. BZR1) and by promoting its ubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation. (450 aa) |
