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| | TAR2 | Tryptophan aminotransferase-related protein 2; Involved in auxin production. Both TAA1 and TAR2 are required for maintaining proper auxin levels in roots, while TAA1, TAR1 and TAR2 are required for proper embryo patterning. Involved in the maintenance of the root stem cell niches. (440 aa) |
| | FH5 | Formin-like protein 5; Might be involved in the organization and polarity of the actin cytoskeleton. Interacts with the barbed end of actin filaments and nucleates actin-filament polymerization in vitro. Seems to play a role in cytokinesis. (900 aa) |
| | MYB124 | Transcription factor MYB124; Transcription factor that binds to DNA in promoters cis- regulatory element 5'-GGCGCGC-3' of cell cycle genes, including cyclins, cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs), and components of the pre- replication complex. Binds to DNA in promoters cis-regulatory element 5'-AGCCG-3' of auxin regulated genes (e.g. PIN3 and PIN7). Together with FAMA and MYB88, ensures that stomata contain just two guard cells (GCs) by enforcing a single symmetric precursor cell division before stomatal maturity. Represses the expression of the mitosis-inducing factors CDKB1-1 and CDKA-1, [...] (436 aa) |
| | AUX1 | Auxin transporter protein 1; Carrier protein involved in proton-driven auxin influx. Mediates the formation of auxin gradient from developing leaves (site of auxin biosynthesis) to tips by contributing to the loading of auxin in vascular tissues and facilitating acropetal (base to tip) auxin transport within inner tissues of the root apex, and basipetal (tip to base) auxin transport within outer tissues of the root apex. Unloads auxin from the mature phloem to deliver the hormone to the root meristem via the protophloem cell files. Coordinated subcellular localization of AUX1 is regula [...] (485 aa) |
| | GRXC7 | Glutaredoxin-C7; Has a glutathione-disulfide oxidoreductase activity in the presence of NADPH and glutathione reductase. Reduces low molecular weight disulfides and proteins (By similarity). Involved in flower development as a regulator of petal primorida initiation and further petal morphogenesis. May mediate post-translational modifications of target proteins required for normal petal organ initiation and morphogenesis. ROXY1/TGA protein interactions can occur in vivo and support their biological relevance in petal development. May be involved in the regulation of the floral regulato [...] (136 aa) |
| | LBD13 | LOB domain-containing protein 13; Belongs to the LOB domain-containing protein family. (268 aa) |
| | HEN1 | Small RNA 2'-O-methyltransferase; Methyltransferase that adds a methyl group to the ribose of the last nucleotide of small RNAs (sRNAs). This protects the 3'-end of sRNAs from uridylation activity and subsequent degradation. Can methylate 3'-end of microRNAs (miRNAs), small interfering RNAs (siRNas) and trans-acting small interfering RNAs (ta-siRNAs). Involved in plant development through its role in small RNAs processing. Required for the specification of reproductive organ identities and the probable repression of A class genes. May control floral determinacy possibly by regulating t [...] (942 aa) |
| | ATX1-2 | Histone H3-lysine(4) N-trimethyltransferase ATX1; [Isoform 1]: Binds to the promoter and regulates the transcription of target genes, maintaining them in an active state; at promoters, required for TATA binding proteins (TBPs, e.g. TBP1 and TBP2) and RNA polymerase II (Pol II) recruitment, and, in a subsequent event, is recruited by a phosphorylated form of Pol II to the +300-bp region of transcribed sequences to trimethylates nucleosomes. Histone trimethyltransferase that trimethylates 'Lys-4' of histone H3 (H3K4me3); H3 'Lys-4' methylation represents a specific tag for epigenetic tra [...] (1062 aa) |
| | PIN1 | Auxin efflux carrier component 1; Acts as a component of the auxin efflux carrier. Seems to be involved in the basipetal auxin transport. Mediates the formation of auxin gradient which is required to ensure correct organogenesis. Coordinated polar localization of PIN1 is directly regulated by the vesicle trafficking process and apical-basal PIN1 polarity also depends on the phosphorylation of conserved serine residues by PID kinase. The ARF-GEF protein GNOM is required for the correct recycling of PIN1 between the plasma membrane and endosomal compartments. (622 aa) |
| | ABCG14 | ABC transporter G family member 14. (648 aa) |
| | PILS2 | Protein PIN-LIKES 2; Involved in cellular auxin homeostasis by regulating auxin metabolism. Regulates intracellular auxin accumulation at the endoplasmic reticulum and thus auxin availability for nuclear auxin signaling. (457 aa) |
| | IDD14 | Protein indeterminate-domain 14; Transcription factor regulating starch metabolism by binding directly to the promoter of QQS. The IDD14beta isoform attenuates the transcription factor activity by competitively forming heterodimers with reduced DNA-binding capacity. Regulates lateral organ morphogenesis and gravitropic responses. Has a redundant role with IDD16 in directing leaf and floral organ morphogenesis. Involved in the establishment of auxin gradients through the regulation of auxin biosynthesis and transport. (419 aa) |
| | LAX3 | Auxin transporter-like protein 3; Carrier protein involved in proton-driven auxin influx. Mediates the formation of auxin gradient from developing leaves (site of auxin biosynthesis) to tips by contributing to the loading of auxin in vascular tissues and facilitating acropetal (base to tip) auxin transport within inner tissues of the root apex, and basipetal (tip to base) auxin transport within outer tissues of the root apex (By similarity); Belongs to the amino acid/polyamine transporter 2 family. Amino acid/auxin permease (AAAP) (TC 2.A.18.1) subfamily. (470 aa) |
| | YDA | Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase YODA; Functions in a MAP kinase cascade that acts as a molecular switch to regulate the first cell fate decisions in the zygote and the early embryo. Promotes elongation of the zygote and development of its basal daughter cell into the extra-embryonic suspensor. In stomatal development, acts downstream of the LRR receptor TMM, but upstream of the MKK4/MKK5-MPK3/MPK6 module to regulate stomatal cell fate before the guard mother cell (GMC) is specified. Plays a central role in both guard cell identity and pattern formation. This MAPK cascade [...] (883 aa) |
| | LSH5 | Protein LIGHT-DEPENDENT SHORT HYPOCOTYLS 5; Probable transcription regulator that acts as a developmental regulator by promoting cell growth in response to light; Belongs to the plant homeotic and developmental regulators ALOG protein family. (182 aa) |
| | CEPR1 | Receptor protein-tyrosine kinase CEPR1; Receptor kinase involved in the perception of C-terminally encoded plant signaling peptide (CEP) and subsequent regulation of root and shoot development. Required for xylem and phloem cell files morphology and organization, probably by preventing ectopic lignification in phloem cells. Together with CEPR2, mediates systemic nitrogen (N)-demand signaling upon the perception of root-derived peptides (e.g. CEP1) via the up-regulation of genes involved in N uptake and assimilation pathways. Regulates positively lateral root initiation and development; [...] (966 aa) |
| | HEC1 | Transcription factor HEC1; Required for the female reproductive tract development and fertility. (241 aa) |
| | MKK6 | Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 6; The ANPs-MKK6-MPK4 module is involved in the regulation of plant cytokinesis during meiosis and mitosis. MKK6-MPK13 module positively regulates lateral root formation. Phosphorylates and activates MPK4. Activates MPK5 and MPK13 in vitro. (356 aa) |
| | HSFA4C | Heat stress transcription factor A-4c; Transcriptional activator that specifically binds DNA sequence 5'-AGAAnnTTCT-3' known as heat shock promoter elements (HSE). May be involved in general response to auxin. (345 aa) |
| | EXPA14 | Expansin-A14; Causes loosening and extension of plant cell walls by disrupting non-covalent bonding between cellulose microfibrils and matrix glucans. No enzymatic activity has been found (By similarity). Target of the transcriptional activator LBD18. Regulated by LBD18 to promote lateral root formation. Belongs to the expansin family. Expansin A subfamily. (255 aa) |
| | SCP2 | Sterol carrier protein 2; Enhances the transfer of lipids between membranes in vitro. Active on phosphatidylcholine (PC), 1-palmitoyl 2- oleoyl phosphatidylcholine (POPC) and ergosterol, and, to a lower extent, dimyristoyl phosphatidic acid, stigmasterol, desmosterol, beta- sitosterol and steryl glucoside. Inactive or poorly active on palmitic acid, stearoyl-coenzyme A, cholesterol, glucosylceramide and ceramide. Required during seeds and seedlings development. (123 aa) |
| | MS1-2 | PHD finger protein MALE STERILITY 1; Transcriptional activator required for anther and post- meiotic pollen development and maturation. Seems to regulate inflorescence branching and floral development. May control tapetal development by directly regulating tapetal programmed cell death (PCD) and breakdown. Implicated in pollen cytosolic components and wall development (e.g. exine and intine formation). (672 aa) |
| | ELP1-2 | Elongator complex protein 1; Component of the RNA polymerase II elongator complex, a multiprotein complex associated with the RNA polymerase II (Pol II) holoenzyme, and which is involved in transcriptional elongation (By similarity). The elongator complex catalyzes formation of carboxymethyluridine in the wobble base at position 34 in tRNAs (By similarity). Promotes organs development by modulating cell division rate. Required for auxin distribution or signaling. Prevents abscisic acid (ABA) signaling leading to stomatal closure and seedling growth inhibition. Involved in oxidative str [...] (1319 aa) |
| | MYB65 | Transcription factor MYB65; Transcriptional activator of alpha-amylase expression that binds to 5'-CAACTGTC-3' motif in target gene promoter. In vegetative tissues, inhibits growth by reducing cell proliferation. Promotes the expression of aleurone-related genes (e.g. CP1, CP, GASA1, BXL1 and BXL2) in seeds. Together with MYB33 and MYB101, promotes the programmed cell death (PCD) the vacuolation of protein storage vacuoles (PSVs) in the aleurone layers during seed germination. Together with MYB33, facilitates anther and tapetum development. (553 aa) |
| | IDD16 | Protein indeterminate-domain 16; Transcription factor regulating lateral organ morphogenesis and gravitropic responses. Has a redundant role with IDD14 in directing leaf and floral organ morphogenesis. Acts cooperatively with IDD15 to control silique and branche orientation. Involved in the establishment of auxin gradients through the regulation of auxin biosynthesis and transport. (362 aa) |
| | NUCL1 | Nucleolin 1; Involved in pre-rRNA processing and ribosome assembly. Is associated with intranucleolar chromatin and pre-ribosomal particles and plays a role in controlling activation and repression of a specific subset of rRNA genes located in distinctive nucleolar organizer regions. Binds specifically rDNA chromatin and may be required to maintain rDNA chromatin structure, but is probably not required for the overall histone methylation status of 45S rRNA genes. Involved in leaf polarity establishment by functioning cooperatively with AS1 to repress abaxial genes ARF3, ARF4, KAN1, KAN [...] (557 aa) |
| | WIP6 | Zinc finger protein WIP6; Probable transcriptional regulator (Probable). Involved in leaf vasculature patterning. (302 aa) |
| | BHLH95 | Transcription factor bHLH95; Transcription factor that controls embryo growth. Regulates endosperm breakdown and embryonic epidermal development. Regulates the expression of SBT2.4/ALE1. Involved in embryonic cuticle formation upstream of SBT2.4/ALE1. Does not seem to be a general regulator of endosperm patterning. May control specific signaling pathways that coordinate embryo invasion and breakdown of surrounding endosperm tissues. Required for the production the embryo sheath, an extracuticular endosperm-derived structure at the surface of the embryo. Acts upstream of KRS. (308 aa) |
| | LSH8 | Protein LIGHT-DEPENDENT SHORT HYPOCOTYLS 8; Probable transcription regulator that acts as a developmental regulator by promoting cell growth in response to light; Belongs to the plant homeotic and developmental regulators ALOG protein family. (164 aa) |
| | NAC056 | NAC transcription factor 56; Transcription factor of the NAC family (Probable). Together with NAC018/NARS2, regulates embryogenesis by regulating the development and degeneration of ovule integuments, a process required for intertissue communication between the embryo and the maternal integument. (364 aa) |
| | DOT2 | SART-1 family protein DOT2; Plays a role in root, shoot and flower development. Probably required for normal root and shoot meristem organization and maintenance and the proper expression of PIN and PLT genes. Involved in leaf vasculature patterning ; Belongs to the SNU66/SART1 family. (820 aa) |
| | EPFL1 | EPIDERMAL PATTERNING FACTOR-like protein 1; Controls stomatal patterning; Belongs to the plant cysteine rich small secretory peptide family. Epidermal patterning factor subfamily. (122 aa) |
| | DOT3 | BTB/POZ domain-containing protein DOT3; May act as a substrate-specific adapter of an E3 ubiquitin- protein ligase complex (CUL3-RBX1-BTB) which mediates the ubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation of target proteins (By similarity). Involved in leaf vasculature patterning. (607 aa) |
| | BLI | Protein BLISTER; Is required for normal leaf, flower and seed development and controls cotyledon and leaf patterning by inhibiting premature differentiation. Regulates the expression of a subset of PcG target genes. Is required for the repression of the floral specific genes PI, SEP2, and SEP3, but also for the activation of FLC. Involved in response to cold. Involved in the regulation of COR15A, COR15B, BAM3 and AMY3 transcripts, and ascorbate levels in response to prolonged chilling temperatures. (714 aa) |
| | RBR1 | Retinoblastoma-related protein 1; Key regulator of entry into cell division. Acts as a transcription repressor of E2F target genes, whose activity is required for progress from the G1 to the S phase of the cell cycle. Hyperphosphorylation by CDKA-1 prevents the binding to E2F transcription factors, allowing G1 to S phase transition to operate. Forms a stable complex with E2FA that functions in maintaining cell proliferation through repression of cell differentiation. Plays a central role in the mechanism controlling meristem cell differentiation, cell fate establishment and cell fate m [...] (1013 aa) |
| | LSH6 | Protein LIGHT-DEPENDENT SHORT HYPOCOTYLS 6; Probable transcription regulator that acts as a developmental regulator by promoting cell growth in response to light; Belongs to the plant homeotic and developmental regulators ALOG protein family. (196 aa) |
| | PAPS1 | Nuclear poly(A) polymerase 1; Essential protein. Polymerase that creates the 3'-poly(A) tail of mRNA's. Also required for the endoribonucleolytic cleavage reaction at some polyadenylation sites. May acquire specificity through interaction with a cleavage and polyadenylation specificity factor (CPSF) at its C-terminus (By similarity). (713 aa) |
| | SKP2A | F-box protein SKP2A; Component of SCF(SKP2A) E3 ubiquitin ligase complexes, which mediate the ubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation of target proteins (including cell cycle repressors). Acts as an auxin receptor. Regulates the stability of the transcription factors E2FC and DPB, repressors of cell proliferation. Confers increase tolerance to osmotic stress by promoting cell division, especially in meristems. Promotes the formation of lateral root primordia. (360 aa) |
| | MPK13 | Mitogen-activated protein kinase 13; MKK6-MPK13 module positively regulates lateral root formation; Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. CMGC Ser/Thr protein kinase family. MAP kinase subfamily. (363 aa) |
| | TAR1 | Tryptophan aminotransferase-related protein 1; Probably involved in auxin production. TAA1, TAR1 and TAR2 are required for proper embryo patterning. Belongs to the alliinase family. (388 aa) |
| | IP5P6 | Type IV inositol polyphosphate 5-phosphatase 6; Has phosphatase activity toward PtdIns(4,5)P2 and PtdIns(3,4,5)P3. Required for the patterning of procambium and during the differentiation of vascular tissues. Acts before the acquisition of preprocambial identity. Seems to be also involved in the abscisic acid (ABA) signaling pathway. Acts redundantly with CVL1 for maintaining vascular continuity. Regulates phosphoinositide-dependent VAN3 localization. Belongs to the inositol polyphosphate 5-phosphatase family. (617 aa) |
| | SCRM | Transcription factor ICE1; Transcriptional activator that regulates the cold-induced transcription of CBF/DREB1 genes. Binds specifically to the MYC recognition sites (5'-CANNTG-3') found in the CBF3/DREB1A promoter. Mediates stomatal differentiation in the epidermis probably by controlling successive roles of SPCH, MUTE, and FAMA. Functions as a dimer with SPCH during stomatal initiation. (494 aa) |
| | DOF5.7 | Dof zinc finger protein DOF5.7; Transcription factor that binds specifically to a 5'-AA[AG]G- 3' consensus core sequence. (316 aa) |
| | NEK6 | Serine/threonine-protein kinase Nek6; May be involved in plant development processes. (416 aa) |
| | MPC | Maternally expressed PAB C-terminal protein; Encodes almost entirely the C-terminal domain of poly(A)- binding proteins (PABPs). Plays a role in normal seed development and growth. (103 aa) |
| | EPFL5 | EPIDERMAL PATTERNING FACTOR-like protein 5; Controls stomatal patterning. Mediates differentiation of stomatal lineage cells to pavement cells and stomatal development inhibition. TMM (AC Q9SSD1) functions to dampen or block CLL1 signaling. Acts as growth-regulatory ligand for ERECTA family receptors. Promotes fruit growth and fertility. Belongs to the plant cysteine rich small secretory peptide family. Epidermal patterning factor subfamily. (107 aa) |
| | TSO1 | CRC domain-containing protein TSO1; Probable floral-specific cell division component, required for proper organ formation in flowers. Regulates the floral meristem cell division and the inflorescence meristem organization. Plays a role in development of both male and female reproductive tissues. Belongs to the lin-54 family. (695 aa) |
| | LOX5 | Linoleate 9S-lipoxygenase 5; 9S-lipoxygenase that can use linoleic acid or linolenic acid as substrates. Plant lipoxygenases may be involved in a number of diverse aspects of plant physiology including growth and development, pest resistance, and senescence or responses to wounding. Catalyzes the hydroperoxidation of lipids containing a cis,cis-1,4-pentadiene structure. Function as regulators of root development by controlling the emergence of lateral roots. (886 aa) |
| | BOB1 | Protein BOBBER 1; Small heat shock protein required for the establishment of auxin gradients and for patterning of the apical domain of the embryo. Involved in the specification of the cotyledon primordia. Also required for normal inflorescence and floral meristem function, normal developmental patterning and thermotolerance. Acts as a molecular chaperone. (304 aa) |
| | KUA1 | Transcription factor KUA1; Transcriptional repressor. Direct regulator of the transcription of peroxidase (Prxs) and reactive oxygen species (ROS)-related genes via the recognition of 5'-ATCACA-3' motif. Binds to 5'-TATCCA-3' motif (TA box) and represses the activity of corresponding promoters (e.g. sugar response genes). Regulates hypocotyl elongation in response to darkness by enhancing auxin accumulation in a phytochrome-interacting factor (PIF) proteins-dependent manner. Promotes lateral roots formation. Promotes cell expansion during leaves development via the modulation of cell w [...] (365 aa) |
| | LSH4 | Protein LIGHT-DEPENDENT SHORT HYPOCOTYLS 4; Probable transcription regulator that acts as a developmental regulator by promoting cell growth in response to light (By similarity). May suppress organ differentiation in the boundary region. Belongs to the plant homeotic and developmental regulators ALOG protein family. (195 aa) |
| | ACR4-2 | Serine/threonine-protein kinase-like protein ACR4; Controls formative cell division in meristems, including root tips and lateral root initiation zones of the pericycle, in response to CLE40 signal. Acts with CLE40p peptide as a ligand-receptor pair in a signal transduction pathway, coordinating movement of the root tip and organization of cell divisions in the root meristem. Required during embryogenesis and development, probably for the differentiation of protoderm and epidermal cells. Involved in the regulation of cellular organization during the development of sepal margins and ovu [...] (895 aa) |
| | RLF | Cytochrome b5 domain-containing protein RLF; Involved in the control of lateral root (LR) formation. Acts a positive regulator of early cell divisions involved in LR initiation, independently of ARF7 and ARF19-mediated auxin signaling. Belongs to the cytochrome b5 family. (211 aa) |
| | HEC3 | Transcription factor HEC3; Required for the female reproductive tract development and fertility. (224 aa) |
| | GRP17 | Oleosin GRP-17; Lipid-binding oleosin pollen coat protein required to mediate pollen recognition by stigma cells and subsequent pollen hydration. Belongs to the oleosin family. (543 aa) |
| | CKX6 | Cytokinin dehydrogenase 6; Catalyzes the oxidation of cytokinins, a family of N(6)- substituted adenine derivatives that are plant hormones, where the substituent is an isopentenyl group; Belongs to the oxygen-dependent FAD-linked oxidoreductase family. (533 aa) |
| | GID1B | Gibberellin receptor GID1B; Functions as soluble gibberellin (GA) receptor. GA is an essential hormone that regulates growth and development in plants. Binds with high affinity the biologically active gibberellin GA4, but has no affinity for the biologically inactive GAs. In response to GA, interacts with specific DELLA proteins, known as repressors of GA- induced growth, and targets them for degradation via proteasome. Seems to be required for GA signaling that controls root growth, seed germination and flower development. May function as a dominant GA receptor at low GA concentration [...] (358 aa) |
| | NOXY2 | Uncharacterized protein T22P22_20. (93 aa) |
| | EMS1 | Leucine-rich repeat receptor protein kinase EMS1; Receptor with a serine/threonine-protein kinase activity required for the specification of the correct number of male archesporial initials and for the subsequent specification of tapetal and middle cell layer identities. In seeds, required for enhancing cell size and the rate of embryonic development. (1192 aa) |
| | BLH9 | BEL1-like homeodomain protein 9; Transcription factor that is involved in the preservation of the spiral phyllotactic arrangement leading to a regular pattern of organ initiation. Required for maintenance of stem cell fate in the shoot apical meristem, and is essential for specifying floral primordia and establishing early internode patterning events during inflorescence development. Acts as transcription repressor of AG expression in floral and inflorescence meristems. Is also responsive of the nuclear import of SHOOT MERISTEMLESS (STM). In the fruit, plays a central role in patternin [...] (575 aa) |
| | PTL | Trihelix transcription factor PTL; Transcription factor that prevents growth. Regulates perianth architecture in flower, mostly in the second whorl, probably by suppressing growth between initiating sepals, ensuring that they remain separate, and by modulating organ shapes. Required for the establishment of auxin flux. (591 aa) |
| | NPR6 | Regulatory protein NPR6; May act as a substrate-specific adapter of an E3 ubiquitin- protein ligase complex (CUL3-RBX1-BTB) which mediates the ubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation of target proteins (By similarity). Acts redundantly with BOP2. BOP1/2 promote leaf and floral meristem fate and determinacy in a pathway targeting AP1 and AGL24. BOP1/2 act as transcriptional co-regulators through direct interaction with TGA factors, including PAN, a direct regulator of AP1. Controls lateral organ fate through positive regulation of adaxial-abaxial polarity genes ATHB-14/PHB [...] (467 aa) |
| | LBD29 | LOB domain-containing protein 29; Involved in lateral root formation. Regulated by the transcriptional activators ARF7 and ARF19. (218 aa) |
| | LSH2 | Protein LIGHT-DEPENDENT SHORT HYPOCOTYLS 2; Probable transcription regulator that acts as a developmental regulator by promoting cell growth in response to light; Belongs to the plant homeotic and developmental regulators ALOG protein family. (201 aa) |
| | NPR5 | Regulatory protein NPR5; May act as a substrate-specific adapter of an E3 ubiquitin- protein ligase complex (CUL3-RBX1-BTB) which mediates the ubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation of target proteins (By similarity). Acts redundantly with BOP2. BOP1/2 promote leaf and floral meristem fate and determinacy in a pathway targeting AP1 and AGL24. BOP1/2 act as transcriptional co-regulators through direct interaction with TGA factors, including PAN, a direct regulator of AP1. Controls lateral organ fate through positive regulation of adaxial-abaxial polarity genes ATHB-14/PHB [...] (491 aa) |
| | WOX6 | WUSCHEL-related homeobox 6; Transcription factor that plays a central role in ovule patterning by regulating cell proliferation of the maternal integuments and differentiation of the maegaspore mother cell (MCC). Involved in AGAMOUS (AG) repression in leaves; Belongs to the WUS homeobox family. (271 aa) |
| | HEN2 | DExH-box ATP-dependent RNA helicase DExH10; ATP-dependent RNA helicase that associates with the RNA exosome complex, with the cap binding complex (CBC) and with the NEXT- like complex. Involved in the degradation of a large number of non- coding nuclear exosome substrates such as snoRNA and miRNA precursors, incompletely spliced mRNAs, and spurious transcripts produced from pseudogenes and intergenic regions. Involved in the maintenance of homeotic B and C gene expression in the reproductive whorls. Regulates floral organ spacing and identity, probably through the regulation of protein [...] (995 aa) |
| | TAA1 | L-tryptophan--pyruvate aminotransferase 1; L-tryptophan aminotransferase involved in auxin (IAA) biosynthesis. Can convert L-tryptophan and pyruvate to indole-3-pyruvic acid (IPA) and alanine. Catalyzes the first step in IPA branch of the auxin biosynthetic pathway. Required for auxin production to initiate multiple change in growth in response to environmental and developmental cues. It is also active with phenylalanine, tyrosine, leucine, alanine, methionine and glutamine. Both TAA1 and TAR2 are required for maintaining proper auxin levels in roots, while TAA1, TAR1 and TAR2 are requ [...] (391 aa) |
| | LSH10 | Protein LIGHT-DEPENDENT SHORT HYPOCOTYLS 10; Probable transcription regulator that acts as a developmental regulator by promoting cell growth in response to light; Belongs to the plant homeotic and developmental regulators ALOG protein family. (177 aa) |
| | LAX2 | Auxin transporter-like protein 2; Carrier protein involved in proton-driven auxin influx. Mediates the formation of auxin gradient from developing leaves (site of auxin biosynthesis) to tips by contributing to the loading of auxin in vascular tissues and facilitating acropetal (base to tip) auxin transport within inner tissues of the root apex, and basipetal (tip to base) auxin transport within outer tissues of the root apex (By similarity); Belongs to the amino acid/polyamine transporter 2 family. Amino acid/auxin permease (AAAP) (TC 2.A.18.1) subfamily. (483 aa) |
| | AGL63 | Agamous-like MADS-box protein AGL63; Probable transcription factor involved in the regulation of fruit growth. Contributes to integument development. Controls organ size via cell expansion. Involved in the regulation of longitudinal growth of the fruit evenly throughout the radial axis. Functions redundantly with TT16/AGL32 to repress nucellus growth and promote its degeneration. (215 aa) |
| | PILS5 | Protein PIN-LIKES 5; Involved in cellular auxin homeostasis by regulating auxin metabolism. Regulates intracellular auxin accumulation at the endoplasmic reticulum and thus auxin availability for nuclear auxin signaling. (396 aa) |
| | DOT1 | Glycine-rich protein DOT1; Involved in leaf vasculature patterning. (255 aa) |
| | GAUT10 | Probable galacturonosyltransferase 10; May be involved in pectin and/or xylans biosynthesis in cell walls. (536 aa) |
| | LBD16 | LOB domain-containing protein 16; Transcriptional activator. Involved in lateral root formation. Regulated by the transcriptional activators ARF7 and ARF19. Functions in the initiation and emergence of lateral roots, in conjunction with LBD18, downstream of ARF7 and ARF19. Acts downstream of the auxin influx carriers AUX1 and LAX1 in the regulation of lateral root initiation and development. (245 aa) |
| | DOT4 | Pentatricopeptide repeat-containing protein DOT4, chloroplastic; Plays a major role in single RNA editing events in chloroplasts. Acts as a site-recognition transacting factor involved in the edition of the unique site (corresponding to cytidine-488) of rpoC1, which is a plastid-encoded subunit of the chloroplast DNA- directed RNA polymerase. May provide the catalytic activity for editing site conversion. Involved in leaf vasculature patterning. (871 aa) |
| | LSH9 | Protein LIGHT-DEPENDENT SHORT HYPOCOTYLS 9; Probable transcription regulator that acts as a developmental regulator by promoting cell growth in response to light; Belongs to the plant homeotic and developmental regulators ALOG protein family. (191 aa) |
| | HEC2 | Transcription factor HEC2; Required for the female reproductive tract development and fertility. (231 aa) |
| | AMT1-3 | Ammonium transporter 1 member 3; Ammonium transporter probably involved in ammonium uptake from the soil. Contributes with AMT1-1 to the overall ammonium uptake capacity in roots under nitrogen-deficiency conditions. (498 aa) |
| | BIG | Auxin transport protein BIG; Required for auxin efflux and polar auxin transport (PAT) influencing auxin-mediated developmental responses (e.g. cell elongation, apical dominance, lateral root production, inflorescence architecture, general growth and development). Controls the elongation of the pedicels and stem internodes through auxin action. Involved in the expression modulation of light-regulated genes. Represses CAB1 and CAB3 genes expression in etiolated seedlings. Confers sensitivity to the auxin transport inhibitors N-1-naphthylphthalamic acid (NPA), 2- carboxyphenyl-3-phenylpr [...] (5098 aa) |
| | OPS | Protein OCTOPUS; Potentiates primary root protophloem differentiation. Required, together with VCC, for embryo provasculature development and cotyledon vascular complexity. Regulates roots architecture. Mediates the recruitment of ASK7/BIN2 to the plasma membrane. (685 aa) |
| | CYP38 | Peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase CYP38, chloroplastic; Required for the assembly and stabilization of PSII, but has no PPIases activity. (437 aa) |
| | TMM | Protein TOO MANY MOUTHS; Promotes cell fate progression in stomatal development. In leaves, needed to correctly orient spacing divisions, to limit the number of asymmetric divisions in neighbor cells, and to promote the asymmetric (amplifying) divisions of meristemoids. In stems, promotes the conversion of meristemoids into guard mother cells (GMC). Positively regulates CAPRICE (CPC) expression in differentiating stomaless-forming cell files. Forms constitutive complexes with ERECTA and ERL1 involved in the recognition of the stomatal regulatory peptides EPF1, EPF2 and EPFL9/STOMAGEN. [...] (496 aa) |
| | EPFL9 | EPIDERMAL PATTERNING FACTOR-like protein 9; [Stomagen]: Positively regulates stomatal density and patterning. Acts by competing with EPF2 (AC Q8LC53) for the same receptors, ERECTA (AC Q42371) and TMM (AC Q9SSD1). Not cleaved by the protease CRSP (AC Q9LNU1). Belongs to the plant cysteine rich small secretory peptide family. Epidermal patterning factor subfamily. (102 aa) |
| | RPT2A | 26S proteasome regulatory subunit 4 homolog A; The 26S protease is involved in the ATP-dependent degradation of ubiquitinated proteins. The regulatory (or ATPase) complex confers ATP dependency and substrate specificity to the 26S complex. Is required for the maintenance of postembryonic root and shoot meristems. Has a specific role in the regulation of organs size. (443 aa) |
| | ABCG9 | ABC transporter G family member 9. (638 aa) |
| | EPFL2 | EPIDERMAL PATTERNING FACTOR-like protein 2; Controls stomatal patterning; Belongs to the plant cysteine rich small secretory peptide family. Epidermal patterning factor subfamily. (128 aa) |
| | IAA28 | Auxin-responsive protein IAA28; Aux/IAA proteins are short-lived transcriptional factors that function as repressors of early auxin response genes at low auxin concentrations. Repression is thought to result from the interaction with auxin response factors (ARFs), proteins that bind to the auxin- responsive promoter element (AuxRE). Formation of heterodimers with ARF proteins may alter their ability to modulate early auxin response genes expression. (175 aa) |
| | LACS2 | Long chain acyl-CoA synthetase 2; Activation of long-chain fatty acids for both synthesis of cellular lipids, and degradation via beta-oxidation. Acts in the cutin pathway. Preferentially uses palmitate, palmitoleate, oleate and linoleate. Required for repression of lateral root formation through its role in cutin biosynthesis and subsequent aerial tissues permeability. Belongs to the ATP-dependent AMP-binding enzyme family. (665 aa) |
| | PLT3 | Probable polyol transporter 3; Plasma membrane sugar-proton symporter; Belongs to the major facilitator superfamily. Sugar transporter (TC 2.A.1.1) family. (508 aa) |
| | NAC018 | NAC domain-containing protein 18; May encode a transcription factor involved in the elaboration of shoot apical meristems (SAM) (Probable). Together with NAC056/NARS1, regulates embryogenesis by regulating the development and degeneration of ovule integuments, a process required for intertissue communication between the embryo and the maternal integument. (320 aa) |
| | EXPA17 | Putative expansin-A17; Causes loosening and extension of plant cell walls by disrupting non-covalent bonding between cellulose microfibrils and matrix glucans. No enzymatic activity has been found (By similarity). Target of the transcriptional activator LBD18. Regulated by LBD18 to promote lateral root formation. (255 aa) |
| | AIR3 | Subtilisin-like protease SBT5.3; Serine protease. Has a substrate preference for the hydrophobic residues Phe and Ala and the basic residue Asp in the P1 position, and for Asp, Leu or Ala in the P1' position. May play a role in the degradation of structural proteins in the extracellular matrix of cells located above sites of lateral root formation and thus facilitate lateral root emergence (By similarity). (772 aa) |
| | VCC | GPI inositol-deacylase C, putative (DUF1218). (163 aa) |
| | MUTE | Transcription factor MUTE; Transcription factor. Together with FMA and SPCH, regulates the stomata formation. Required for the differentiation of stomatal guard cells, by promoting successive asymmetric cell divisions and the formation of guard mother cells. Promotes the conversion of the leaf epidermis into stomata. (202 aa) |
| | NSN1 | Guanine nucleotide-binding protein-like NSN1; Involved in the differentiation of epidermal cells, probably via the regulation of the expression of meristem-related genes (e.g. CLV3, STM, KNAT1, CUC2 and AG) and of leaf polarity-related genes (e.g. YAB5, FIL, AS2, PHB and PHV). May play a role in regulating cellular proliferation (By similarity). Necessary for flower development, probably by preventing apical dominance through the down-regulation of AG expression. Required for embryogenesis, leaf and cotyledon development, as well as for leaf polarity establishment. Plays an important r [...] (582 aa) |
| | GID1A | Gibberellin receptor GID1A; Functions as soluble gibberellin (GA) receptor. GA is an essential hormone that regulates growth and development in plants. Binds with high affinity the biologically active gibberellin GA4, but has no affinity for the biologically inactive GAs. In response to GA, interacts with specific DELLA proteins, known as repressors of GA- induced growth, and targets them for degradation via proteasome. Seems to be required for GA signaling that controls root growth, seed germination, stem elongation and flower development. Partially redundant with GID1B and GID1C; Bel [...] (345 aa) |
| | AIR1 | Putative lipid-binding protein AIR1. (111 aa) |
| | FMOGS-OX5 | Flavin-containing monooxygenase FMO GS-OX5; Catalyzes the conversion of methylthioalkyl glucosinolates into methylsulfinylalkyl glucosinolates. Specific for 8-methylthiooctyl (8-MTO) glucosinolates; Belongs to the FMO family. (459 aa) |
| | ERL1 | LRR receptor-like serine/threonine-protein kinase ERL1; Receptor kinase that regulates inflorescence architecture and organ shape as well as stomatal patterning, including density and clustering, together with ER and ERL2. Redundantly involved with ER in procambial development regulation. Forms a functional ligand-receptor pair with EPF1 (AC Q8S8I4). Forms a constitutive complex with TMM involved in the recognition of the stomatal regulatory peptides EPF1, EPF2 and EPFL9/STOMAGEN. Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. Ser/Thr protein kinase family. (966 aa) |
| | HSL2 | LRR receptor-like serine/threonine-protein kinase HSL2; Receptor-like serine/threonine-kinase acting on substrates that controls floral organ abscission. Regulated by the 'INFLORESCENCE DEFICIENT IN ABSCISSION' (IDA) family of ligands. Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. Ser/Thr protein kinase family. (993 aa) |
| | EPFL3 | EPIDERMAL PATTERNING FACTOR-like protein 3; Controls stomatal patterning; Belongs to the plant cysteine rich small secretory peptide family. Epidermal patterning factor subfamily. (107 aa) |
| | EPFL7 | EPIDERMAL PATTERNING FACTOR-like protein 7; Controls stomatal patterning; Belongs to the plant cysteine rich small secretory peptide family. Epidermal patterning factor subfamily. (172 aa) |
| | AIR9 | 187-kDa microtubule-associated protein AIR9; Microtubule-associated protein that may be involved in the maturation of cell plates and proper insertion of cross-walls after cytokinesis. (1708 aa) |
| | NAC036 | NAC domain containing protein 36. (276 aa) |
| | SGR5 | Zinc finger protein SHOOT GRAVITROPISM 5; Transcription factor involved in inflorescence stems gravitropism, probably by regulating starch accumulation in amyloplasts of graviperceptive cells. Required for stem circumnutation movements. Regulates lateral organ morphogenesis and gravitropic responses. Acts cooperatively with IDD16 to control silique and branche orientation. Involved in the establishment of auxin gradients through the regulation of auxin biosynthesis and transport. (445 aa) |
| | MYB88 | Transcription factor MYB88; Transcription factor that binds to DNA in promoters cis- regulatory element 5'-GGCGCGC-3' of cell cycle genes, including cyclins, cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs), and components of the pre- replication complex. Binds to DNA in promoters cis-regulatory element 5'-AGCCG-3' of auxin regulated genes (e.g. PIN3 and PIN7). Together with FAMA and MYB124, ensures that stomata contain just two guard cells (GCs) by enforcing a single symmetric precursor cell division before stomatal maturity. Represses the expression of the mitosis-inducing factors CDKB1-1 and CDKA-1, [...] (484 aa) |
| | ILR2 | IAA-leucine resistant 2; Regulates an ATP-dependent metal transporter (e.g. manganese transporter). Probably involved in the metabolism of auxin conjugates such as indole-3-acetic acid-leucine (IAA-Leu) and IAA-Phe. Required for root development. (386 aa) |
| | NodGS | Nodulin/glutamine synthase-like protein; Belongs to the glutamine synthetase family. (852 aa) |
| | HHO5 | Transcription factor HHO5; Transcriptional repressor that functions with ULT1 in a pathway which regulates floral meristem homeostasis and organ number in the flower. Binds specifically to the DNA sequence motif 5'-GTAGATTCCT- 3' of WUS promoter, and may be involved in direct regulation of WUS expression. Binds specifically to the DNA sequence motif 5'-AAGAATCTTT- 3' found in the promoters of AG and the NAC domain genes CUC1, CUC2 and CUC3, and may be involved in direct regulation of these gene expressions. (363 aa) |
| | CPC | Transcription factor CPC; Transcription factor. Determines the fate of epidermal cell differentiation. Represses trichome development by lateral inhibition. Together with GL3 or BHLH2, promotes the formation of hair developing cells (H position) in root epidermis, probably by inhibiting non-hair cell formation. Represses the expression of GL2 and WER in H cells. Positively regulates stomatal formation in the hypocotyl. (94 aa) |
| | LBD18 | LOB domain-containing protein 18; Involved in the positive regulation of tracheary element (TE) differentiation. Involved in a positive feedback loop that maintains or promotes NAC030/VND7 expression that regulates TE differentiation- related genes. Functions in the initiation and emergence of lateral roots, in conjunction with LBD16, downstream of ARF7 and ARF19. Transcriptional activator that directly regulates EXPA14, a gene encoding a cell wall- loosening factor that promotes lateral root emergence. Activates EXPA14 by directly binding to a specific region of its promoter. Transcri [...] (262 aa) |
| | YAB1 | Axial regulator YABBY 1; Involved in the abaxial cell fate determination during embryogenesis and organogenesis. Regulates the initiation of embryonic shoot apical meristem (SAM) development (Ref.3, Ref.6,. Required during flower formation and development, particularly for the patterning of floral organs. Positive regulator of class B (AP3 and PI) activity in whorls 2 and 3. Negative regulator of class B activity in whorl 1 and of SUP activity in whorl 3. Interacts with class A proteins (AP1, AP2 and LUG) to repress class C (AG) activity in whorls 1 and 2. Contributes to the repression [...] (229 aa) |
| | SEP3 | Developmental protein SEPALLATA 3; Probable transcription factor active in inflorescence development and floral organogenesis. Functions with SEPALLATA1/AGL2 and SEPALLATA2/AGL4 to ensure proper development of petals, stamens and carpels and to prevent the indeterminate growth of the flower meristem. Interacts with APETALA1, AGAMOUS or APETALA3/PISTILLATA to form complexes, that could be involved in genes regulation during floral meristem development. Binds specifically to the CArG box DNA sequence 5'-CC (A/T)6 GG-3'. (251 aa) |
| | BRI1 | Protein BRASSINOSTEROID INSENSITIVE 1; Receptor with a dual specificity kinase activity acting on both serine/threonine- and tyrosine-containing substrates. Regulates, in response to brassinosteroid binding, a signaling cascade involved in plant development, including expression of light- and stress-regulated genes, promotion of cell elongation, normal leaf and chloroplast senescence, and flowering. Binds brassinolide, and less effectively castasterone, but not 2,3,22,23-O-tetramethylbrassinolide or ecdysone. May be involved in a feedback regulation of brassinosteroid biosynthesis. Pho [...] (1196 aa) |
| | PLP1 | Patatin-like protein 1; Possesses non-specific lipolytic acyl hydrolase (LAH) activity. Catalyzes the hydrolysis of the neutral lipids monogalactosyldiacylglycerol (MGDG), digalactosyldiacylglycerol (DGDG) and phosphatidylglycerol (PG), and less efficiently the polar lipids phosphatidylcholine (PC) and phosphatidylinositol (PI), but not the storage lipid triacylglycerol (TAG). May play a role in root development; Belongs to the patatin family. (414 aa) |
| | PLP5 | Patatin-like protein 5; Possesses non-specific lipolytic acyl hydrolase (LAH) activity. Catalyzes the hydrolysis of the neutral lipids monogalactosyldiacylglycerol (MGDG), digalactosyldiacylglycerol (DGDG) and phosphatidylglycerol (PG), and less efficiently the polar lipids phosphatidylcholine (PC) and phosphatidylinositol (PI), but not the storage lipid triacylglycerol (TAG). May play a role in root development. (414 aa) |
| | AN | C-terminal binding protein AN; Involved in controlling the equilibrium between tubular and stacked structures in the Golgi complex (By similarity). Required for cortical microtubules (MTs) arrangement that confers cell shape. Regulates the width of leaves by controlling the polar elongation of leaf cells. Involved in the regulation of trichome branching. Seems to not be able to regulate gene transcription. Regulates epidermal cell divisions and elongation in a non-cell-autonomous manner (regulated by subepidermal cells), but regulates epidermal cell polarity, shape, trichome branching [...] (636 aa) |
| | IAA20 | Auxin-responsive protein IAA20; Aux/IAA proteins are short-lived transcriptional factors that function as repressors of early auxin response genes at low auxin concentrations. Repression is thought to result from the interaction with auxin response factors (ARFs), proteins that bind to the auxin- responsive promoter element (AuxRE). Formation of heterodimers with ARF proteins may alter their ability to modulate early auxin response genes expression. (175 aa) |
| | SBT1.2 | Subtilisin-like protease SBT1.2; Serine protease involved in the negative regulation of stomatal density and distribution. Not active on EPFL6 (AC Q1PEY6). Positive regulator of water use efficiency (WUE). (775 aa) |
| | MEA | Histone-lysine N-methyltransferase MEDEA; Polycomb group (PcG) protein. Catalytic subunit of some PcG multiprotein complex, which methylates 'Lys-27' of histone H3, leading to transcriptional repression of the affected target genes. Required to prevent the proliferation of the central cell of the female gametophyte by repressing target genes before fertilization. After fertilization, it probably also regulates the embryo and endosperm proliferation and anteroposterior organization during seed development. PcG proteins act by forming multiprotein complexes, which are required to maintai [...] (689 aa) |
| | CTU2 | Cytoplasmic tRNA 2-thiolation protein 2; Plays a central role in 2-thiolation of mcm(5)S(2)U at tRNA wobble positions of tRNA(Lys), tRNA(Glu) and tRNA(Gln). May act by forming a heterodimer with NCS6/CTU1 that ligates sulfur from thiocarboxylated URM1 onto the uridine of tRNAs at wobble position. (458 aa) |
| | LSH3 | Protein LIGHT-DEPENDENT SHORT HYPOCOTYLS 3; Probable transcription regulator that acts as a developmental regulator by promoting cell growth in response to light (By similarity). Required for the maintenance of the shoot apical meristem and for the formation of lateral organs. Promotes petal formation and growth, but may suppress organ differentiation in the boundary region. (219 aa) |
| | TAX1 | Signaling peptide TAXIMIN 1; Signaling peptide involved in the regulation of lateral organs separation, including fruits and leaves. Involved in the perception of and response to light stress via the control of sinapoyl-malate accumulation, a UV-B protecting compound. (75 aa) |
| | SRO1 | Probable inactive poly [ADP-ribose] polymerase SRO1; Probable inactive ADP-ribosyltransferase that functions with RCD1 to regulate oxidative stress, hormonal and developmental responses. May regulate some stress-responsive genes. Seems to play a smaller developmental role than R. (568 aa) |
| | DA1 | Protein DA1; Ubiquitin receptor that limits final seed and organ size by restricting the period of cell proliferation. May act maternally to control seed mass. Acts synergistically with DA2 to regulate seed size. Functions synergistically with DA2 to restrict cell proliferation in the maternal integuments of ovules and developing seeds. Functions antagonistically in a common pathway with UBP15 to regulate seed size. Associates physically with UBP15 and modulates the stability of UBP15, which promote cell proliferation in the integuments of ovules and developing seeds. Functions as pept [...] (532 aa) |
| | CDKB1-1 | Cyclin-dependent kinase B1-1; May control G2/M (mitosis) phase progression. Plays a role in regulating seedling growth in darkness via regulation of hypocotyl cell elongation and cotyledon cell development. Plays a role in stomatal development. Required to suppress endoreduplication. Together with CDKB1-2, promotes both the last division in the stomatal cell lineage as well as the number of stomata. In collaboration with MYB124 and MYB88, restrict the G1/S transition and chloroplast and nuclear number during stomatal formation, and normally maintain fate and developmental progression t [...] (309 aa) |
| | AP3 | Floral homeotic protein APETALA 3; Probable transcription factor involved in the genetic control of flower development. Is required for normal development of petals and stamens in the wild-type flower. Forms a heterodimer with PISTILLATA that is required for autoregulation of both AP3 and PI genes. AP3/PI heterodimer interacts with APETALA1 or SEPALLATA3 to form a ternary complex that could be responsible for the regulation of the genes involved in the flower development. AP3/PI heterodimer activates the expression of NAP. AP3/PI prevents GATA22/GNL and GATA21/GNC expression. (232 aa) |
| | TUBG1 | Tubulin gamma-1 chain; Tubulin is the major constituent of microtubules. The gamma chain is found at microtubule organizing centers (MTOC) such as the spindle poles, suggesting that it is involved in the minus-end nucleation of microtubule assembly. (474 aa) |
| | TUBG2 | Tubulin gamma-2 chain; Tubulin is the major constituent of microtubules. The gamma chain is found at microtubule organizing centers (MTOC) such as the spindle poles, suggesting that it is involved in the minus-end nucleation of microtubule assembly. (474 aa) |
| | KNAT2 | Homeobox protein knotted-1-like 2; May play a role in meristem function, and may be involved in maintaining cells in an undifferentiated, meristematic state. Probably binds to the DNA sequence 5'-TGAC-3'. (310 aa) |
| | RLK5 | Receptor-like protein kinase 5; Receptor with a dual specificity kinase activity acting on both serine/threonine- and tyrosine-containing substrates that controls floral organ abscission. May interact with the 'INFLORESCENCE DEFICIENT IN ABSCISSION' (IDA) ligands family. (999 aa) |
| | AP2 | Floral homeotic protein APETALA 2; Probable transcriptional activator that promotes early floral meristem identity. Is required subsequently for the transition of an inflorescence meristem into a floral meristem. Plays a central role in the specification of floral identity, particularly for the normal development of sepals and petals in the wild-type flower, by spatially controlling the expression domains of multiple floral organ identity genes. Acts as A class cadastral protein by repressing the C class floral homeotic gene AGAMOUS in association with other repressors like LEUNIG and [...] (432 aa) |
| | PI | Floral homeotic protein PISTILLATA; Probable transcription factor involved in the genetic control of flower development. Is required for normal development of petals and stamens in the wild-type flower. Forms a heterodimer with APETALA3 that is required for autoregulation of both AP3 and PI genes. AP3/PI heterodimer interacts with APETALA1 or SEPALLATA3 to form a ternary complex that could be responsible for the regulation of the genes involved in the flower development. AP3/PI heterodimer activates the expression of NAP. AP3/PI prevents GATA22/GNL and GATA21/GNC expression. (208 aa) |
| | AMT1-1 | Ammonium transporter 1 member 1; High affinity ammonium transporter probably involved in ammonium uptake from the soil, long-distance transport to the shoots and re-uptake of apoplastic ammonium that derives from photorespiration in shoots. Contributes with AMT1-3 to the overall ammonium uptake capacity in roots under nitrogen-deficiency conditions. Belongs to the ammonia transporter channel (TC 1.A.11.2) family. (501 aa) |
| | RPN10 | 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 4 homolog; Plays a role in maintaining the structural integrity of the 19S regulatory particle (RP), subcomplex of the 26S proteasome. Plays a major role in both the direct and indirect recognition of ubiquitinated substrates of ubiquitin/26S proteasome-mediated proteolysis (UPP). Binds and presumably selects ubiquitin-conjugates for destruction. Prefers multiubiquitin chains rather than single ubiquitins, with a binding affinity for 'Lys-48'-linked ubiquitin chains. Acts as a potential docking subunit for both ubiquitin receptors RAD23s and [...] (386 aa) |
| | PCMP-E19 | Pentatricopeptide repeat-containing protein At2g33680; Belongs to the PPR family. PCMP-E subfamily. (727 aa) |
| | ARF7 | Auxin response factor 7; Auxin response factors (ARFs) are transcriptional factors that bind specifically to the DNA sequence 5'-TGTCTC-3' found in the auxin-responsive promoter elements (AuxREs). Act as a transcriptional activator of several tropic stimulus-induced (TSI) genes, including SAUR50. Formation of heterodimers with Aux/IAA proteins may alter their ability to modulate early auxin response genes expression. Required for differential growth responses of aerial tissues. Involved in ethylene responses. Regulates lateral root formation through direct regulation of LBD16 and/or LB [...] (1164 aa) |
| | HAT4 | Homeobox-leucine zipper protein HAT4; Probable transcription factor involved in the negative regulation of cell elongation and specific cell proliferation processes such as lateral root formation and secondary growth of the vascular system. Acts as mediator of the red/far-red light effects on leaf cell expansion in the shading response. Binds to the DNA sequence 5'- CAAT[GC]ATTG-3'. Negatively regulates its own expression. Belongs to the HD-ZIP homeobox family. Class II subfamily. (284 aa) |
| | CEP5 | C-terminally encoded peptide 5; Extracellular signaling peptide that represses plant growth rate. Regulates shoot gravitropic responses. Represses primary root length and lateral root initiation, probably by repressing the CEP receptor CEPR1. Regulates systemic nitrogen (N)-demand signaling. Mediates up- regulation of genes involved in N uptake and assimilation pathways. (105 aa) |
| | LOX1 | Linoleate 9S-lipoxygenase 1; 9S-lipoxygenase that can use linoleic acid or linolenic acid as substrates. Plant lipoxygenases may be involved in a number of diverse aspects of plant physiology including growth and development, pest resistance, and senescence or responses to wounding. Catalyzes the hydroperoxidation of lipids containing a cis,cis-1,4-pentadiene structure. Function as regulators of root development by controlling the emergence of lateral roots. (859 aa) |
| | BPE | Transcription factor BPE; Involved in the control of petal size, by interfering with postmitotic cell expansion to limit final petal cell size. (343 aa) |
| | EPFL8 | EPIDERMAL PATTERNING FACTOR-like protein 8; Controls stomatal patterning; Belongs to the plant cysteine rich small secretory peptide family. Epidermal patterning factor subfamily. (99 aa) |
| | EPFL6 | EPIDERMAL PATTERNING FACTOR-like protein 6; Acts primarily as positive regulator of inflorescence growth. Endodermal expression is sufficient for proper inflorescence architecture. Redundantly involved with EPFL4 in procambial development regulation. Acts also as tissue-specific regulator of epidermal pattern. Controls stomatal patterning by repressing stomatal production. TMM (AC Q9SSD1) functions to dampen or block CHAL signaling. Not processed by SDD1 (AC O64495). Acts as growth-regulatory ligand for ERECTA family receptors. Belongs to the plant cysteine rich small secretory peptide [...] (156 aa) |
| | LSH7 | Protein LIGHT-DEPENDENT SHORT HYPOCOTYLS 7; Probable transcription regulator that acts as a developmental regulator by promoting cell growth in response to light; Belongs to the plant homeotic and developmental regulators ALOG protein family. (195 aa) |
| | EPFL4 | EPIDERMAL PATTERNING FACTOR-like protein 4; Acts primarily as positive regulator of inflorescence growth. Endodermal expression is sufficient for proper inflorescence architecture. Redundantly involved with EPFL6 in procambial development regulation. Controls stomatal patterning. Mediates stomatal development inhibition. TMM (AC Q9SSD1) functions to dampen or block CLL2 signaling. Acts as growth-regulatory ligand for ERECTA family receptors. (109 aa) |
| | CYCA2-3 | Cyclin-A2-3; Negatively regulates endocycles and acts as a regulator of ploidy levels in endoreduplication. Promotes divisions in the guard cells (GCs) after the guard mother cells (GMC) symmetric division ; Belongs to the cyclin family. Cyclin AB subfamily. (450 aa) |
| | IAA14 | Auxin-responsive protein IAA14; Aux/IAA proteins are short-lived transcriptional factors that function as repressors of early auxin response genes at low auxin concentrations. Repression is thought to result from the interaction with auxin response factors (ARFs), proteins that bind to the auxin- responsive promoter element (AuxRE). Formation of heterodimers with ARF proteins may alter their ability to modulate early auxin response genes expression. (228 aa) |
| | SUP | Transcriptional regulator SUPERMAN; Probable transcriptional regulator considered as cadastral protein that acts indirectly to prevent the B class homeotic proteins APETALA3 and perhaps PISTILLATA from acting in the gynoecial whorl. Principal function is to balance cell proliferation in the third and fourth whorls of developing flowers thereby maintaining the boundary between stamens and carpels. May fulfill this role by repressing genes implicated in cell division. Plays equally a role in the determinacy of the floral meristem. Is also required for normal ovule development. (204 aa) |
| | ERECTA | LRR receptor-like serine/threonine-protein kinase ERECTA; Receptor kinase that, together with ERL1 and ERL2, regulates aerial architecture, including inflorescence (e.g. shoot apical meristem-originating organ shape, elongation of the internode and pedicels, and adaxial-abaxial polarity), and stomatal patterning (e.g. density and clustering), probably by tuning cell division and expansion. Redundantly involved with ERL1 in procambial development regulation. Forms a functional ligand-receptor pair with EPF2 (AC Q8LC53). Modulates plant transpiration efficiency by controlling stomatal de [...] (976 aa) |
| | GN | ARF guanine-nucleotide exchange factor GNOM; Activates the ARF proteins by exchanging bound GDP for free GTP. Plays a role in vesicular protein sorting. Acts as the major regulator of endosomal vesicle trafficking but is also involved in the endocytosis process. Could function redundantly with GNL1 in the retrograde Golgi to endoplasmic reticulum trafficking. Regulates vesicle trafficking required for the coordinated polar localization of auxin efflux carriers which in turn determines the direction of auxin flow. Mediates the sorting of PIN1 from endosomal compartments to the basal pla [...] (1451 aa) |
| | CYP90A1 | Cytochrome P450 90A1. (472 aa) |
| | ATGRP19 | Oleosin. (106 aa) |
| | FAMA | Transcription factor FAMA; Transcription activator. Together with MYB88 and MYB124, ensures that stomata contain just two guard cells (GCs) by enforcing a single symmetric precursor cell division before stomatal maturity. Together with SPCH and MUTE, regulates the stomata formation. Required to promote differentiation and morphogenesis of stomatal guard cells and to halt proliferative divisions in their immediate precursors. Mediates the formation of stomata. Prevents histone H3K27me3 marks and derepresses stem cell gene expression. (414 aa) |
| | TIR1 | Protein TRANSPORT INHIBITOR RESPONSE 1; Auxin receptor that mediates Aux/IAA proteins proteasomal degradation and auxin-regulated transcription. The SCF(TIR1) E3 ubiquitin ligase complex is involved in auxin-mediated signaling pathway that regulate root and hypocotyl growth, lateral root formation, cell elongation, and gravitropism. Appears to allow pericycle cells to overcome G2 arrest prior to lateral root development. Plays a role in ethylene signaling in roots. Confers sensitivity to the virulent bacterial pathogen P.syringae. (594 aa) |
| | FOP | O-acyltransferase (WSD1-like) family protein. (486 aa) |
| | ATXR2 | Histone-lysine N-methyltransferase ATXR2; Histone methyltransferase. (473 aa) |
| | KRP1-2 | Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1; Binds and inhibits CYCD2-1/CDKA-1 kinase complex activity. Regulates cell division which is crucial for plant growth, development and morphogenesis. Functions in turning cells from a mitotic to an endoreplicating cell cycle mode. Acts cell- and non-cell-autonomously to regulate endoreduplication by allowing S phase progression, but blocking entry into mitosis. Keeps on the one hand the plant cell cycle locally controlled, and on the other hand provides a possibility of linking cell cycle control in single cells with the supracellular organization of [...] (191 aa) |
| | RPD1 | Protein ROOT PRIMORDIUM DEFECTIVE 1; Involved in pre-arranging the maintenance of the active cell proliferation during root primordium development. Does not seem to be involved in cell cycle progression. (409 aa) |
| | AIL7 | AP2-like ethylene-responsive transcription factor AIL7; Probably acts as a transcriptional activator. Binds to the GCC-box pathogenesis-related promoter element. May be involved in the regulation of gene expression by stress factors and by components of stress signal transduction pathways (By similarity); Belongs to the AP2/ERF transcription factor family. AP2 subfamily. (498 aa) |
| | ERF086 | Ethylene-responsive transcription factor ERF086; Probably acts as a transcriptional activator. May be involved in the regulation of gene expression by stress factors and by components of stress signal transduction pathways (By similarity). Involved in the control of cell division patterns during the early lateral root primordium development. Acts downstream of auxin signaling. Regulated by ARF7 and ARF19 in response to auxin. Co-acts with LBD16 and LBD18 to control lateral root development. Involved in the determination of floral meristem identity and suppression of bract growth. Requi [...] (348 aa) |
| | XBAT32 | E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase XBAT32; E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that mediates ubiquitination of ACC synthases (ACS). Negatively regulates ethylene biosynthesis probably via ubiquitin-dependent degradation of ACS4 and ACS7 enzymes. Regulates lateral root formation and development by controlling ethylene production which inhibits lateral root formation at high concentration. (508 aa) |
| | LSH1 | Protein LIGHT-DEPENDENT SHORT HYPOCOTYLS 1; Probable transcription regulator that acts as a developmental regulator by promoting cell growth in response to continuous red (cR), far-red (cFR) and blue (cB) light in a phytochrome-dependent manner, at least during seedling development. (190 aa) |
| | AIL5 | AP2-like ethylene-responsive transcription factor AIL5; Probably acts as a transcriptional activator. Binds to the GCC-box pathogenesis-related promoter element. May be involved in the regulation of gene expression by stress factors and by components of stress signal transduction pathways (By similarity). Involved in the regulation of floral organs size; Belongs to the AP2/ERF transcription factor family. AP2 subfamily. (558 aa) |
| | JAG | Zinc finger protein JAGGED; Controls the morphogenesis of lateral organs. Functions in lateral organ shape and is sufficient to induce proliferation and growth of lateral organ tissue. Is necessary and sufficient for bract formation, but its expression is excluded from the cryptic bract, which could be a cause of bractless flowers in Arabidopsis. Participates with FIL and YAB3 in regulating valve margin development. Functions with JGL to define stamen and carpel shape. Functions with AS1 and AS2 in the sepal and petal primordia to repress boundary-specifying genes for normal developmen [...] (253 aa) |
| | ERL2 | LRR receptor-like serine/threonine-protein kinase ERL2; Receptor kinase that regulates inflorescence architecture and organ shape as well as stomatal patterning, including density and clustering, together with ERL1 and ER. (967 aa) |
| | SPCH | Transcription factor SPEECHLESS; Transcription factor acting as an integration node for stomata and brassinosteroid (BR) signaling pathways to control stomatal initiation and development. Activates transcription when in the presence of SCRM/ICE1. Functions as a dimer with SCRM or SCRM2 during stomatal initiation. Required for the initiation, the spacing and the formation of stomata, by promoting the first asymmetric cell divisions. Together with FMA and MUTE, modulates the stomata formation. Involved in the regulation of growth reduction under osmotic stress (e.g. mannitol), associated [...] (364 aa) |
| | AGL79 | MADS-box protein AGL79. (249 aa) |
| | COX11 | Cytochrome c oxidase assembly protein COX11, mitochondrial; Exerts its effect at some terminal stage of cytochrome c oxidase synthesis, probably by being involved in the insertion of the copper B into subunit I; Belongs to the COX11/CtaG (TC 3.D.4.8) family. (287 aa) |
| | SRD2 | snRNA-activating protein complex subunit; Transcription activator of small-nuclear RNA genes (snRNA), which have essential roles in pre-mRNA splicing and rRNA processing. Essential protein involved in the establishment of apical meristems and organ primordia, embryogenesis, cell differentiation and cell proliferation, probably by modulating the establishment of auxin gradients. Participates in the control of competence in cell proliferation; required for the reinitiation of the progression of the cell cycle and subsequent cell proliferation during cell redifferentiation leading to call [...] (375 aa) |
| | PIP5K2 | Phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate 5-kinase 2; Possesses phosphatidylinositol kinase activity in vitro. (754 aa) |
| | F28J12.8 | Tetratricopeptide repeat (TPR)-like superfamily protein. (642 aa) |
| | MHK10.21 | Amine oxidase. (776 aa) |
| | IDA | Protein IDA; Involved in an ethylene-independent separation step of floral abscission. Promotes abscission zone (AZ) cells rounding. May act with RLK5 and HSL2 as ligand-receptor pairs. (77 aa) |
| | CSN5A | COP9 signalosome complex subunit 5a; Probable protease subunit of the COP9 signalosome complex (CSN), a complex involved in various cellular and developmental processes such as photomorphogenesis and auxin and jasmonate responses. The CSN complex is an essential regulator of the ubiquitin (Ubl) conjugation pathway by mediating the deneddylation of the cullin subunits of the SCF-type E3 ligase complexes, leading to decrease the Ubl ligase activity of SCF. In the complex, it probably acts as the catalytic center that mediates the cleavage of Nedd8 from cullins. It however has no metallop [...] (357 aa) |
| | ATHB-13 | Homeobox-leucine zipper protein ATHB-13; Probable transcription factor that may act in the sucrose- signaling pathway. (294 aa) |
| | EPF2 | Protein EPIDERMAL PATTERNING FACTOR 2; Controls stomatal patterning. Regulates the number of cells that enter, and remain in, the stomatal lineage by inhibiting protodermal cells from adopting the meristemoid mother cell (MMC) fate in a non-cell-autonomous manner. Mediates stomatal development inhibition. MEPF2: mobile signal controlling stomatal development in a non-cell-autonomous manner. Uses ERECTA as major receptor. Inactivated by cleavage by CRSP (AC Q9LNU1). May act by competing with somatogen (AC Q9SV72) for the same receptor, TMM (AC Q9SSD1). (120 aa) |
| | ATHB-23 | Homeobox-leucine zipper protein ATHB-23; Probable transcription factor; Belongs to the HD-ZIP homeobox family. Class I subfamily. (255 aa) |
| | TCP4 | Transcription factor TCP4; Transcription factor playing a pivotal role in the control of morphogenesis of shoot organs by negatively regulating the expression of boundary-specific genes such as CUC genes, probably through the induction of miRNA (e.g. miR164). Required during early steps of embryogenesis. Participates in ovule develpment. Activates LOX2 expression by binding to the 5'-GGACCA-3' motif found in its promoter. (420 aa) |
| | ABCG11 | ABC transporter G family member 11; Required for the cuticle and pollen coat development by controlling cutin and maybe wax transport to the extracellular matrix. Involved in developmental plasticity and stress responses. (703 aa) |
| | PCN | WD repeat-containing protein PCN; Involved in auxin signaling pathway. Required for embryo development and meristem organization. Functions in the auxin pathway, integrating auxin signaling in the organization and maintenance of the shoot apical meristem (SAM) and root apical meristem (RAM). (815 aa) |
| | RCD1 | Inactive poly [ADP-ribose] polymerase RCD1; Inactive ADP-ribosyltransferase that functions with SRO1 to regulate oxidative stress, hormonal and developmental responses. Required for embryogenesis, vegetative and reproductive development, and abiotic stress responses. May regulate several stress-responsive genes. Seems to play a larger developmental role than SRO1. Does not bind NAD in vitro. (589 aa) |
| | ARF19 | Auxin response factor 19; Auxin response factors (ARFs) are transcriptional factors that bind specifically to the DNA sequence 5'-TGTCTC-3' found in the auxin-responsive promoter elements (AuxREs). Could act as transcriptional activator or repressor. Formation of heterodimers with Aux/IAA proteins may alter their ability to modulate early auxin response genes expression. Involved in ethylene responses. Regulates lateral root formation through direct regulation of LBD16 and/or LBD29. Functionally redundant with ARF7. (1086 aa) |
| | EPF1 | Protein EPIDERMAL PATTERNING FACTOR 1; Controls stomatal patterning. Regulates asymmetric cell division during guard cell differentiation. Mediates stomatal development inhibition. Not cleaved by the protease CRSP (AC Q9LNU1). MEPF1: mobile signal controlling stomatal development in a non-cell-autonomous manner. Uses ERL1 as major receptor. May act by competing with somatogen (AC Q9SV72) for the same receptor, TMM (AC Q9SSD1). Belongs to the plant cysteine rich small secretory peptide family. Epidermal patterning factor subfamily. (104 aa) |
| | TGD5 | Protein TRIGALACTOSYLDIACYLGLYCEROL 5, chloroplastic; Facilitates lipid transfer from the outer to the inner plastid envelope by bridging TGD4 with the TGD1,2,3 transport complex. Required for endoplasmic reticulum-to-plastid lipid trafficking as part of the eukaryotic pathway of thylakoid lipid assembly. (91 aa) |
| | PLT5 | Polyol transporter 5; Plasma membrane broad-spectrum sugar-proton symporter. Mediates the uptake of linear polyols such as sorbitol, xylitol, erythritol or glycerol. Can transport the cyclic polyol myo-inositol and different hexoses, pentoses (including ribose), tetroses and sugar alcohols. (539 aa) |
| | MYB33 | Transcription factor MYB33; Transcriptional activator of alpha-amylase expression that binds to 5'-CAACTGTC-3' motif in target gene promoter. Positive regulator of abscisic acid (ABA) responses leading to growth arrest during seed germination. In vegetative tissues, inhibits growth by reducing cell proliferation. Promotes the expression of aleurone-related genes (e.g. CP1, CP, GASA1, BXL1 and BXL2) in seeds. Together with MYB65 and MYB101, promotes the programmed cell death (PCD) the vacuolation of protein storage vacuoles (PSVs) in the aleurone layers during seed germination. Binds to [...] (520 aa) |
| | CYP71 | Peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase CYP71; PPIases accelerate the folding of proteins. It catalyzes the cis-trans isomerization of proline imidic peptide bonds in oligopeptides. Histone remodeling factor involved in chromatin-based gene silencing. Reinforces H3K27 methylation. Involved in fundamental processes of chromatin assembly and histone modification by mediating the targeting of FAS1 and LHP1 on the chromatin. Required for the formation and development of leaves, for normal phyllotaxy and for the formation, maintenance and activity of root and shoot apical meristems. (631 aa) |
| | LRS1 | Transducin/WD40 repeat-like superfamily protein. (753 aa) |
| | GID1C | Gibberellin receptor GID1C; Functions as soluble gibberellin (GA) receptor. GA is an essential hormone that regulates growth and development in plants. Binds with high affinity the biologically active gibberellin GA4, but has no affinity for the biologically inactive GAs. In response to GA, interacts with specific DELLA proteins, known as repressors of GA- induced growth, and targets them for degradation via proteasome. Seems to be required for GA signaling that controls root growth, seed germination and stem elongation. Partially redundant with GID1A and GID1B; Belongs to the 'GDXG' l [...] (344 aa) |
| | GAUT11 | Probable galacturonosyltransferase 11; May be involved in pectin and/or xylans biosynthesis in cell walls (By similarity). Involved in seed mucilage extrusion. Belongs to the glycosyltransferase 8 family. (537 aa) |
