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EXO70B2 EXO70B2 CRSP CRSP RAD51D RAD51D BIR2 BIR2 LECRK92 LECRK92 CAR4 CAR4 IAN9 IAN9 F14N23.18 F14N23.18 UMAMIT36 UMAMIT36 IBS1 IBS1 NTL9 NTL9 PYM PYM BIK1 BIK1 PBL2 PBL2 NRP1-2 NRP1-2 FZL FZL WRKY4 WRKY4 LIP5 LIP5 F15B8.100 F15B8.100 PBL27 PBL27 CRY1 CRY1 SAG101 SAG101 MORC2 MORC2 K15N18.17 K15N18.17 MORC1 MORC1 JMJ14 JMJ14 AHL20 AHL20 PBL1 PBL1 ACD6 ACD6 ACIP1 ACIP1 EXO70H1 EXO70H1 MIEL1 MIEL1 PAM16L2 PAM16L2 SAG21 SAG21 RIN13 RIN13 CML46 CML46 DSP4 DSP4 LECRK55 LECRK55 MAPKKK5 MAPKKK5 TTM2 TTM2 F23H24.15 F23H24.15 IOS1 IOS1 SARD1 SARD1 EPS1 EPS1 CPK28 CPK28 EDR1 EDR1 GIG1 GIG1 PAD4 PAD4 YchF1 YchF1 PP2C38 PP2C38 RLP51 RLP51 MAPKKK3 MAPKKK3 CBP60A CBP60A B3H7I1_ARATH B3H7I1_ARATH
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EXO70B2Exocyst complex component EXO70B2; Component of an exocyst subcomplex specifically involved in autophagy-related, Golgi-independent membrane traffic to the vacuole. Regulates autophagosome formation and autophagy-related Golgi- independent import into the vacuole (By similarity). Positive regulator of defense responses to pathogenic bacteria (e.g. P.syringae pv. maculicola), to the biotrophic oomycete H.arabidopsidis and to fungi (e.g. B.graminis hordei), especially in cell wall apposition formation related to plant defense. Required for both immediate and later responses triggered by [...] (599 aa)
CRSPCO(2)-response secreted protease; Mediates CO(2)-controlled stomatal development by cleaving peptide EPF2 (AC Q8LC53). Not active on peptides EPF1 (AC Q8S8I4) or stomagen (AC Q9SV72). (769 aa)
RAD51DDNA repair protein RAD51 homolog 4; Involved in the homologous recombination repair (HRR) pathway of double-stranded DNA breaks arising during DNA replication or induced by DNA-damaging agents. (322 aa)
BIR2Inactive LRR receptor-like serine/threonine-protein kinase BIR2; Pseudokinases lacking protein kinase activity and unable to bind ATP-analogs. Negative regulator of pathogen- associated molecular patterns- (PAMP-) triggered immunity by limiting BAK1-receptor complex formation in the absence of ligands. (605 aa)
LECRK92L-type lectin-domain containing receptor kinase IX.2; Promotes hydrogen peroxide H(2)O(2) production and cell death; In the N-terminal section; belongs to the leguminous lectin family. (675 aa)
CAR4Protein C2-DOMAIN ABA-RELATED 4; Mediates the transient calcium-dependent interaction of PYR/PYL/RCAR abscisic acid (ABA) receptors with the plasma membrane and thus regulates ABA sensitivity. Stimulates the GTPase/ATPase activities of YchF1, and regulates its subcellular localization. Promotes tolerance towards salinity stress by limiting the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Promotes resistance to bacterial pathogens (e.g. Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae and P. syringae pv. tomato DC3000) (By similarity). Binds liposomes in the absence of exogenous Ca(2+), but this activit [...] (177 aa)
IAN9Immune-associated nucleotide-binding protein 9. (342 aa)
F14N23.18Nucleolar GTP-binding protein 1; Involved in the biogenesis of the 60S ribosomal subunit. Belongs to the TRAFAC class OBG-HflX-like GTPase superfamily. OBG GTPase family. NOG subfamily. (687 aa)
UMAMIT36WAT1-related protein At1g70260. (375 aa)
IBS1Protein IMPAIRED IN BABA-INDUCED STERILITY 1; Required for beta-aminobutyric acid (BABA)-induced resistance (BABA-IR) against bacteria (e.g. P.syringae) and oomycetes (e.g. H.parasitica) via priming for salicylate (SA)-dependent defense responses such as pathogenesis-related PR-1 gene expression and trailing necrosis. Involved in BABA-mediated sterility. Necessary for the inheritance of BABA-priming to next generation, especially for the primed to be primed phenotype which consists in an enhanced second BABA-priming in transgenerationally primed plants. (709 aa)
NTL9Protein NTM1-like 9; Transcriptional activator activated by proteolytic cleavage through regulated intramembrane proteolysis (RIP). Calmodulin-regulated transcriptional repressor. Binds several synthetic promoters with randomly selected binding sites. Functions synergistically with SNI1 as negative regulator of pathogen-induced PR1 expression and basal resistance to a virulent strain of P.syringae. Binds directly to the promoter of the PR1 gene. Acts as positive regulator of innate immunity. Involved in the effector-triggered immunity (ETI) induction of immunity-related gene expression [...] (512 aa)
PYMProtein POLYCHOME; Negative regulator of the anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C) ubiquitin ligase required for proper mitotic progression and cell fate determination; inhibits premature cell differentiation. Prevents DNA endoreplication by promoting the maintenance of the mitotic state by preferentially inhibiting APC/C(FZR) and triggering cyclins accumulation (e.g. CYCB1-1, CYCB1-2 and CYCA2-3) in a temporal manner. Required for megagametophyte and endosperm development. Counteracts the activity of CCS52A1 thus inhibiting the turnover of CYCA2-3. Confers immunity to bacterial [...] (259 aa)
BIK1Serine/threonine-protein kinase BIK1; Plays a central role in immune responses. Required to activate the resistance responses to necrotrophic pathogens. Phosphorylates FLS2 and BAK1. Involved in pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP)-triggered immunity (PTI) signaling and defense responses downstream of FLS2. Acts additively with PBL1 in PTI defenses. Acts as positive regulator of the PAMP flg22-induced increase of cytosolic calcium. Binds directly and phosphorylates the NADPH oxidase RBOHD at specific sites in a calcium-independent manner to enhance reactive oxygen species (ROS) [...] (395 aa)
PBL2Probable serine/threonine-protein kinase PBL2; Involved in disease resistance signaling. Contributes to pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP)-triggered immunity (PTI) signaling and defense responses downstream of FLS2. Required for the bacterial XopAC/AvrAC effector-triggered immunity (ETI) against Xanthomonas campestris ; Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. Ser/Thr protein kinase family. (426 aa)
NRP1-2Nodulin-related protein 1; Prevents accumulation of abscisic acid (ABA) after heat treatment, thus reducing thermotolerance. May be a negative regulator of the ABA signaling/synthesis pathway. Required for defense responses against avirulent bacteria such as P.syringae pv. tomato DC3000 (avrRpt2). (187 aa)
FZLProbable transmembrane GTPase FZO-like, chloroplastic; Probable membrane-remodeling GTPase that plays a unique role in the in the determination of thylakoid and chloroplast morphology and regulates organization of the thylakoid network. Not involved in the determination of mitochondrial morphology or ultrastructure. Belongs to the TRAFAC class dynamin-like GTPase superfamily. Dynamin/Fzo/YdjA family. Mitofusin subfamily. (912 aa)
WRKY4Probable WRKY transcription factor 4; Transcription factor that binds specifically to the W box (5'-(T)TGAC[CT]-3'), a frequently occurring elicitor-responsive cis- acting element. Has a positive role in resistance to necrotrophic pathogens (e.g. Botrytis cinerea), but a negative effect on plant resistance to biotrophic pathogens (e.g. Pseudomonas syringae). (514 aa)
LIP5Protein HOMOLOG OF MAMMALIAN LYST-INTERACTING PROTEIN 5; Involved in the endosomal multivesicular bodies (MVB) pathway. MVBs contain intraluminal vesicles (ILVs) that are generated by invagination and scission from the limiting membrane of the endosome and are delivered to lysosomes enabling degradation of membrane proteins (By similarity). Thought to be a cofactor of SKD1/VPS4, which catalyzes the disassembly of membrane-associated ESCRT-III. Target of pathogen-responsive mitogen-activated protein kinases (MPKs) that plays a critical role in plant basal resistance to Pseudomonas syrin [...] (421 aa)
F15B8.100Protein kinase superfamily protein. (351 aa)
PBL27Serine/threonine-protein kinase PBL27; Receptor-like cytoplasmic kinase involved in the transduction of signal between the host cell surface chitin receptor complex CERK1- LYK5 and the intracellular MAPKKK5-dependent mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade that leads to chitin-induced immunity. Phosphorylates and activates MAPKKK5 when phosphorylated by CERK1 after elicitation by chitin. (513 aa)
CRY1Cryptochrome-1; Photoreceptor that mediates primarily blue light inhibition of hypocotyl elongation and photoperiodic control of floral initiation, and regulates other light responses, including circadian rhythms, tropic growth, stomata opening, guard cell development, root development, bacterial and viral pathogen responses, abiotic stress responses, cell cycles, programmed cell death, apical dominance, fruit and ovule development, seed dormancy, and magnetoreception. Photoexcited cryptochromes interact with signaling partner proteins to alter gene expression at both transcriptional a [...] (681 aa)
SAG101Senescence-associated carboxylesterase 101; Acyl hydrolase that triggers the leaf senescence onset. Can use triolein as substrate to produce oleic acids. (537 aa)
MORC2Protein MICRORCHIDIA 2; Mediator of defense signaling triggered by distinct classes of R proteins. Required during hypersensitive response (HR) that confers disease resistance to turnip crinkle virus (TCV). Contributes to resistance against Pseudomonas syringae and Hyaloperonospora arabidopsidis, at early stages prior to cytosolic calcium ions Ca(2+) accumulation. Required for pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP)-triggered immunity, basal resistance, non-host resistance and systemic acquired resistance (SAR). Involved in RNA-directed DNA methylation (RdDM) as a component of the [...] (626 aa)
K15N18.17Putative NTF2-containing RNA-binding protein. (458 aa)
MORC1Protein MICRORCHIDIA 1; Mediator of defense signaling triggered by distinct classes of R proteins. Required during hypersensitive response (HR) that confers disease resistance to turnip crinkle virus (TCV). Exhibits ATPase activity. Contributes to resistance against Pseudomonas syringae and Hyaloperonospora arabidopsidis, at early stages prior to cytosolic calcium ions Ca(2+) accumulation. Required for pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP)-triggered immunity (PTI), basal resistance, non-host resistance and systemic acquired resistance (SAR). Binds DNA/RNA in a non-specific manne [...] (635 aa)
JMJ14Probable lysine-specific demethylase JMJ14; Transcriptional repressor. Histone demethylase that demethylates 'Lys-4' (H3K4me) of histone H3 with a higher activity for H3K4me3 and H3K4me2 than H3K4me1. No activity on H3K9me3/2, H3K36me3/2 and H3K27me3/2. Represses FT and TSF expression to inhibit the floral transition. Binds around the transcription start site of the FT locus. Involved in the DRM2-mediated maintenance of DNA methylation, but not required for the de novo DNA methylation. Required for demethylating histone H3K4me3 at the target of RNA silencing. Together with NAC051/NAC05 [...] (954 aa)
AHL20AT-hook motif nuclear-localized protein 20; Transcription factor that specifically binds AT-rich DNA sequences related to the nuclear matrix attachment regions (MARs) (By similarity). Negatively regulates plant innate immunity (PTI) to pathogens through the down-regulation of the PAMP-triggered NHO1 and FRK1 expression. (281 aa)
PBL1Probable serine/threonine-protein kinase PBL1; Contributes to pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP)- triggered immunity (PTI) signaling and defense responses downstream of FLS2. Acts additively with BIK1 in PTI defenses. Seems not required for flg22-induced MAPK activation (Probable). Required for Pep1-induced defenses. Pep1 is an endogenous elicitor that potentiates PAMP-inducible plant responses. (389 aa)
ACD6Protein ACCELERATED CELL DEATH 6; Dose-dependent activator of the defense response against virulent pathogens, including bacteria, fungi and oomycetes, that acts in a positive feedback loop with the defense signal salicylic acid (SA). Regulates the salicylic acid (SA) signaling pathway leading to cell death and modulating cell fate (e.g. cell enlargement and/or cell division). In response to SA signaling, triggers the accumulation of FLS2 at the plasma membrane, thus priming defenses. Involved in SA-dependent freezing signaling and tolerance. (670 aa)
ACIP1Ankyrin repeat 30A-like protein (DUF662). (178 aa)
EXO70H1Exocyst complex component EXO70H1; Component of an exocyst subcomplex specifically involved in autophagy-related, Golgi-independent membrane traffic to the vacuole. Regulates autophagosome formation and autophagy-related Golgi- independent import into the vacuole (By similarity). Involved in defense responses to pathogenic bacteria (e.g. P.syringae pv. maculicola). (636 aa)
MIEL1E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase MIEL1; E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that acts as a regulator of cell death and defense. E3 ubiquitin ligases accept ubiquitin from an E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme in the form of a thioester and then directly transfers the ubiquitin to targeted substrates. Attenuates the activation of defense and related cell death responses in the absence of pathogens by mediating ubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation of MYB30. (267 aa)
PAM16L2Mitochondrial import inner membrane translocase subunit PAM16 like 2; Regulates ATP-dependent protein translocation into the mitochondrial matrix (By similarity). Involved in the uptake of thaxtomin, a phytotoxin produced by Streptomyces bacteria, that causes dramatic cell swelling, reduced seedling growth, and inhibition of cellulose synthesis. Modulates polar auxin transport. Involved in importing a negative regulator of plant immunity into mitochondria, thus protecting plants from over-accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and preventing autoimmunity. Confers sensitivity to [...] (116 aa)
SAG21Protein SENESCENCE-ASSOCIATED GENE 21, mitochondrial; Mediates tolerance to oxidative stresses (e.g. hydrogen peroxide H(2)O(2), diamide, menadione and tert-butyl hydroperoxide) by minimizing the negative effects of oxidation and monitoring photosynthesis during stress. Promotes root development. Prevents premature aging (e.g. senescence and flowering). Involved in resistance against compatible pathogens such as Botrytis cinerea and Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato. (97 aa)
RIN13RPM1 interacting protein 13. (430 aa)
CML46Probable calcium-binding protein CML46; Potential calcium sensor. (204 aa)
DSP4Probable tyrosine-protein phosphatase DSP4; Probable tyrosine-protein phosphatase that acts as negative regulator of defense responses against the bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv tomato strain DC3000. (198 aa)
LECRK55L-type lectin-domain containing receptor kinase V.5; Confers resistance to the pathogenic oomycetes Phytophthora infestans and Phytophthora capsici, but confers susceptibility to the pathogenic bacteria Pseudomonas syringae. In the N-terminal section; belongs to the leguminous lectin family. (661 aa)
MAPKKK5Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 5; Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) involved in the transduction of signal between the host cell surface chitin receptor complex CERK1-LYK5 and the intracellular MAPK cascade that leads to chitin-induced immunity. Phosphorylates and activates MAPK targets (e.g. MKK4, MKK5, and possibly MKK2) when phosphorylated by PBL27 after elicitation by chitin. Required for resistance to the fungus A.brassicicola. (716 aa)
TTM2Inorganic pyrophosphatase TTM2; Exhibits pyrophosphatase activity with stronger affinity for pyrophosphate (PPi), moderate affinity for ATP and ADP, and weak affinity for tripolyphosphate (PPPi). No activity observed toward uridine substrate. Negative regulator of the salicylic acid (SA)- mediated amplification of defense responses against both virulent and avirulent pathogens, including oomycetes (e.g. H.arabidopsidis) and bacteria (e.g. P.syringae). Represses systemic acquired resistance (SAR). (674 aa)
F23H24.15Heavy metal transport/detoxification superfamily protein. (171 aa)
IOS1LRR receptor-like serine/threonine-protein kinase IOS1; Regulates negatively the abscisic acid (ABA) signaling pathway. Required for full susceptibility to filamentous (hemi)biotrophic oomycetes (e.g. H.arabidopsidis and P.parasitica) and fungal (e.g. E.cruciferarum) pathogens, probably by triggering the repression of ABA-sensitive COLD REGULATED and RESISTANCE TO DESICCATION genes during infection, but independently of immune responses. Involved in BAK1- dependent and BAK1-independent microbe-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs)-triggered immunity (PTI) leading to defense responses, [...] (894 aa)
SARD1Protein SAR DEFICIENT 1; Transcription activator that binds DNA in a sequence-specific manner, 5'-GAAATTTTGG-3', to promote the expression of target genes. Recruited to the promoter of ICS1 and other defense-related genes (e.g. PR1 and SID2) in response to both biotic (e.g. Pseudomonas syringae pv. maculicola ES4326) and abiotic stresses (e.g. UV-B), thus triggering slow defense responses by stimulating salicylic acid (SA) biosynthesis. Required for basal and systemic acquired resistance to P. syringae pv. maculicola and Hyaloperonospora arabidopsidis. Belongs to the plant ACBP60 prote [...] (451 aa)
EPS1Protein ENHANCED PSEUDOMONAS SUSCEPTIBILITY 1; Required for pathogen-induced salicylic acid (SA) accumulation and SA-mediated resistance to virulent and avirulent pathogens (e.g. P.syringae). (434 aa)
CPK28Calcium-dependent protein kinase 28; May play a role in signal transduction pathways that involve calcium as a second messenger (Probable). Acts as developmentally controlled regulator for coordinated stem elongation and vascular development. Acts as key component which contributes to the developmental switch that establishes the transition from vegetative to reproductive growth. Involved in pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP)-triggered immunity (PTI) signaling. Interacts with and phosphorylates the kinase BIK1, a central rate-limiting kinase in PTI signaling. Facilitates BIK1 [...] (523 aa)
EDR1Serine/threonine-protein kinase EDR1; MAPKKK serine/threonine-protein kinase involved in the regulation of a MAP kinase cascade (probably including MPK3 and MPK6) that negatively regulates salicylic acid- (SA-) dependent defense responses, abscisic acid (ABA) signaling, and ethylene-induced senescence. Modulates also stress response (e.g. drought) signaling and cell death, in an ORE9-dependent manner. Functions at a point of cross talk between ethylene, ABA and SA signaling that impinges on senescence and cell death. On the other hand, it confers sensitivity to various pathogens such a [...] (933 aa)
GIG1Protein GIGAS CELL1; Negative regulator of the anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C) ubiquitin ligase required for proper mitotic and meiotic progression and cell fate determination. Involved in entry into both meiosis I and meiosis II. Prevents endomitosis by preferentially inhibiting APC/C(CDC20). Required for megagametophyte and endosperm development. Triggers mitotic cyclins (e.g. CYCB1-1 and CYCB1-2) accumulation. Confers immunity to bacterial pathogens (e.g. Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000), which is associated with increased expression of disease resistance (R) gen [...] (243 aa)
PAD4Lipase-like PAD4; Probable lipase required downstream of MPK4 for accumulation of the plant defense-potentiating molecule, salicylic acid, thus contributing to the plant innate immunity against invasive biotrophic pathogens and to defense mechanisms upon recognition of microbe- associated molecular patterns (MAMPs). Participates in the regulation of various molecular and physiological processes that influence fitness. Together with SG101, required for programmed cell death (PCD) triggered by NBS-LRR resistance proteins (e.g. RPS4, RPW8.1 and RPW8.2) in response to the fungal toxin fumo [...] (541 aa)
YchF1Obg-like ATPase 1; Hydrolyzes ATP, and can also hydrolyze GTP with lower efficiency. Has lower affinity for GTP (Potential). Exhibits GTPase activity (By similarity). Confers sensitivity to salinity stress by suppressing the anti-oxidation enzymatic activities and increasing lipid peroxidation thus leading to the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Acts as negative regulator of disease resistance against bacterial pathogen. (394 aa)
PP2C38Probable protein phosphatase 2C 38; Involved in pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP)- triggered immunity (PTI) signaling. Negatively regulates immune responses by controlling the phosphorylation and activation status of BIK1, a central rate-limiting kinase in PTI signaling. Impairs the phosphorylation of the NADPH oxidase RBOHD by BIK1. (385 aa)
RLP51Receptor-like protein 51; Involved in plant defense. Required for basal resistance against P.syringae pv. tomato DC3000; Belongs to the RLP family. (431 aa)
MAPKKK3Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 3. (609 aa)
CBP60ACalmodulin-binding protein 60 A; Transcription activator that binds DNA in a sequence-specific manner, likely 5'-GAAATTTTGG-3', to promote the expression of target genes. (494 aa)
B3H7I1_ARATHUncharacterized protein. (78 aa)
Your Current Organism:
Arabidopsis thaliana
NCBI taxonomy Id: 3702
Other names: A. thaliana, Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh., mouse-ear cress, thale cress, thale-cress
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