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| | BGAL2 | Beta-galactosidase 2; Belongs to the glycosyl hydrolase 35 family. (727 aa) |
| | XYN1 | Endo-1,4-beta-xylanase 1; Binds to and hydrolyzes insoluble and soluble xylan substrates (By similarity). Exhibits xylanase activity. (945 aa) |
| | ROPGEF3 | Rop guanine nucleotide exchange factor 3; Guanine-nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) that acts as an activator of Rop (Rho of plants) GTPases by promoting the exchange of GDP for GTP. (473 aa) |
| | T26J13 | Glycosyltransferase-like At2g41451; Involved in the coordination between cell elongation and cellulose synthesis by promoting the expression of genes involved in cell elongation and cellulose synthesis. Acts as a regulator of plasmodesmatal permeability. Maybe a glycosyltransferase. (451 aa) |
| | PAE9 | Pectin acetylesterase 9; Hydrolyzes acetyl esters in homogalacturonan regions of pectin. In type I primary cell wall, galacturonic acid residues of pectin can be acetylated at the O-2 and O-3 positions. Decreasing the degree of acetylation of pectin gels in vitro alters their physical properties; Belongs to the pectinacetylesterase family. (451 aa) |
| | GSO1 | LRR receptor-like serine/threonine-protein kinase GSO1; Together with GSO2, receptor-like serine/threonine-kinase required during the development of the epidermal surface in embryos and cotyledons. In coordination with GSO2, regulates root growth through control of cell division and cell fate specification. Controls seedling root growth by modulating sucrose response after germination. Receptor of the peptide hormones CIF1 and CIF2 required for contiguous Casparian strip diffusion barrier formation in roots. Required for localizing CASP proteins into the Casparian strip following an un [...] (1249 aa) |
| | SBT3.4 | Subtilisin-like protease SBT3.4. (773 aa) |
| | F4HUG8_ARATH | Ribosomal L18p/L5e family protein. (169 aa) |
| | F12K21.9 | Berberine bridge enzyme-like 14. (527 aa) |
| | NAC026 | NAC domain-containing protein 26; Transcription activator that binds to the secondary wall NAC binding element (SNBE), 5'- (T/A)NN(C/T)(T/C/G)TNNNNNNNA(A/C)GN(A/C/T)(A/T)-3', in the promoter of target genes (By similarity). Involved in xylem formation by promoting the expression of secondary wall-associated transcription factors and of genes involved in secondary wall biosynthesis and programmed cell death, genes driven by the secondary wall NAC binding element (SNBE). Triggers thickening of secondary walls. Belongs to the plant vascular related NAC-domain protein family. (394 aa) |
| | XYN3 | Endo-1,4-beta-xylanase 3; Binds to and hydrolyzes insoluble and soluble xylan substrates; Belongs to the glycosyl hydrolase 10 (cellulase F) family. (752 aa) |
| | F4JKX4_ARATH | Kinesin motor protein-like protein. (113 aa) |
| | K21C13.1 | Pectin lyase-like superfamily protein. (391 aa) |
| | NAC093 | NAC domain containing protein 93. (294 aa) |
| | rbcL | Ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase large chain; RuBisCO catalyzes two reactions: the carboxylation of D- ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate, the primary event in carbon dioxide fixation, as well as the oxidative fragmentation of the pentose substrate in the photorespiration process. Both reactions occur simultaneously and in competition at the same active site. Belongs to the RuBisCO large chain family. Type I subfamily. (479 aa) |
| | T11A7.9 | Uncharacterized protein At2g41810. (370 aa) |
| | T11A7.10 | At2g41800/T11A7.10. (370 aa) |
| | BDG3 | Probable lysophospholipase BODYGUARD 3; Involved in cuticle development and morphogenesis. (498 aa) |
| | LRX2 | Leucine-rich repeat extensin-like protein 2; Modulates cell morphogenesis by regulating cell wall formation and assembly, and/or growth polarization. Together with LRX2, component of the extracellular mechanism regulating root hair morphogenesis and elongation. (786 aa) |
| | EXPA4 | Expansin-A4; Causes loosening and extension of plant cell walls by disrupting non-covalent bonding between cellulose microfibrils and matrix glucans. No enzymatic activity has been found (By similarity). (257 aa) |
| | GT12 | Probable xyloglucan galactosyltransferase GT12; Functions in xyloglucan synthesis by adding side chains to the xylosylated glucan backbone. Involved in the galactosylation of hemicellulose xyloglucan. (509 aa) |
| | GT13 | Probable xyloglucan galactosyltransferase GT13; Functions in xyloglucan synthesis by adding side chains to the xylosylated glucan backbone. Involved in the galactosylation of hemicellulose xyloglucan. (468 aa) |
| | CESA1 | Cellulose synthase A catalytic subunit 1 [UDP-forming]; Catalytic subunit of cellulose synthase terminal complexes ('rosettes'), required for beta-1,4-glucan microfibril crystallization, a major mechanism of the cell wall formation. Involved in the primary cell wall formation. Required during embryogenesis for cell elongation, orientation of cell expansion and complex cell wall formations, such as interdigitated pattern of epidermal pavement cells, stomatal guard cells and trichomes. Plays a role in lateral roots formation, but seems not necessary for the development of tip-growing cel [...] (1081 aa) |
| | T31E10.15 | Uncharacterized protein At2g34510. (401 aa) |
| | MEE23 | Berberine bridge enzyme-like 15; Required for endosperm development and polar nuclei fusion. Mediates oxidation of cinnamyl alcohol and of p- hydroxylated derivatives of cinnamyl alcohol (i.e. the monolignols p- coumaryl-, coniferyl-, and sinapyl alcohol) to their corresponding aldehydes. Can use cinnamyl alcohol and derivatives, as well as beta-O- glycosylated form of coniferyl alcohol (coniferin) as substrate. (532 aa) |
| | F19I3.4 | Berberine bridge enzyme-like 16. (540 aa) |
| | LRX1 | Leucine-rich repeat extensin-like protein 1; Modulates cell morphogenesis by regulating cell wall formation and assembly, and/or growth polarization. Together with LRX2, component of the extracellular mechanism regulating root hair morphogenesis and elongation. (744 aa) |
| | F12F1.31 | Transmembrane protein. (108 aa) |
| | CIF2 | Protein CASPARIAN STRIP INTEGRITY FACTOR 2; Peptide hormone required for contiguous Casparian strip diffusion barrier formation in roots via the regulation of CASPs protein expression and distribution in a GSO1-GSO2 signaling pathway. The Casparian strip is required for ion homeostasis (e.g. iron and potassium ions). (83 aa) |
| | IRX12 | Laccase-4; Lignin degradation and detoxification of lignin-derived products (By similarity). Required for secondary xylem cell wall lignification; Belongs to the multicopper oxidase family. (558 aa) |
| | XYN2 | Endo-1,4-beta-xylanase 2; Binds to and hydrolyzes insoluble and soluble xylan substrates; Belongs to the glycosyl hydrolase 10 (cellulase F) family. (1063 aa) |
| | DIR9 | Dirigent protein 9; Dirigent proteins impart stereoselectivity on the phenoxy radical-coupling reaction, yielding optically active lignans from two molecules of coniferyl alcohol in the biosynthesis of lignans, flavonolignans, and alkaloids and thus plays a central role in plant secondary metabolism. (322 aa) |
| | PAE3 | Pectin acetylesterase 3; Hydrolyzes acetyl esters in homogalacturonan regions of pectin. In type I primary cell wall, galacturonic acid residues of pectin can be acetylated at the O-2 and O-3 positions. Decreasing the degree of acetylation of pectin gels in vitro alters their physical properties. (416 aa) |
| | XTH17 | Probable xyloglucan endotransglucosylase/hydrolase protein 17; Catalyzes xyloglucan endohydrolysis (XEH) and/or endotransglycosylation (XET). Cleaves and religates xyloglucan polymers, an essential constituent of the primary cell wall, and thereby participates in cell wall construction of growing tissues. Belongs to the glycosyl hydrolase 16 family. XTH group 2 subfamily. (282 aa) |
| | ABCG1 | ABC transporter G family member 1. (740 aa) |
| | LAC2 | Laccase-2; Lignin degradation and detoxification of lignin-derived products (By similarity). Required for root elongation in dehydration conditions; Belongs to the multicopper oxidase family. (573 aa) |
| | RHS13 | Root hair specific 13. (165 aa) |
| | ARAC10 | Rac-like GTP-binding protein ARAC10; Involved in local disassembly of cortical microtubules when associated with ICR5 and KIN13A; Belongs to the small GTPase superfamily. Rho family. (215 aa) |
| | ACT1 | Actin-1; Actins are highly conserved proteins that are involved in various types of cell motility and are ubiquitously expressed in all eukaryotic cells. Essential component of cell cytoskeleton; plays an important role in cytoplasmic streaming, cell shape determination, cell division, organelle movement and extension growth. This is considered as one of the reproductive actins. (377 aa) |
| | ACT3 | Actin-3; Actins are highly conserved proteins that are involved in various types of cell motility and are ubiquitously expressed in all eukaryotic cells. Essential component of cell cytoskeleton; plays an important role in cytoplasmic streaming, cell shape determination, cell division, organelle movement and extension growth. This is considered as one of the reproductive actins. (377 aa) |
| | PER1-2 | Peroxidase 1; Removal of H(2)O(2), oxidation of toxic reductants, biosynthesis and degradation of lignin, suberization, auxin catabolism, response to environmental stresses such as wounding, pathogen attack and oxidative stress. These functions might be dependent on each isozyme/isoform in each plant tissue; Belongs to the peroxidase family. Classical plant (class III) peroxidase subfamily. (325 aa) |
| | RCA | Ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase activase, chloroplastic; Activation of RuBisCO (ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase; EC 4.1.1.39) involves the ATP-dependent carboxylation of the epsilon-amino group of lysine leading to a carbamate structure. (474 aa) |
| | SAM2 | S-adenosylmethionine synthase 2; Catalyzes the formation of S-adenosylmethionine from methionine and ATP. The reaction comprises two steps that are both catalyzed by the same enzyme: formation of S-adenosylmethionine (AdoMet) and triphosphate, and subsequent hydrolysis of the triphosphate. (393 aa) |
| | CSY4 | Citrate synthase 4, mitochondrial; Belongs to the citrate synthase family. (474 aa) |
| | HSP70-1 | Heat shock 70 kDa protein 1; In cooperation with other chaperones, Hsp70s are key components that facilitate folding of de novo synthesized proteins, assist translocation of precursor proteins into organelles, and are responsible for degradation of damaged protein under stress conditions (Probable). Probably involved in defense response. Chaperone involved in protein targeting to chloroplasts. May cooperate with SGT1 and HSP90 in R gene-mediated resistance towards the oomycete Hyaloperonospora parasitica (downy mildew). Plays a role with WPP-domain proteins in facilitating WIT1 nuclear [...] (651 aa) |
| | SAM1 | S-adenosylmethionine synthase 1; Catalyzes the formation of S-adenosylmethionine from methionine and ATP. The reaction comprises two steps that are both catalyzed by the same enzyme: formation of S-adenosylmethionine (AdoMet) and triphosphate, and subsequent hydrolysis of the triphosphate; Belongs to the AdoMet synthase family. (393 aa) |
| | PER33 | Peroxidase 33; Removal of H(2)O(2), oxidation of toxic reductants, biosynthesis and degradation of lignin, suberization, auxin catabolism, response to environmental stresses such as wounding, pathogen attack and oxidative stress. These functions might be dependent on each isozyme/isoform in each plant tissue. (354 aa) |
| | XTH24 | Xyloglucan endotransglucosylase/hydrolase protein 24; Catalyzes xyloglucan endohydrolysis (XEH) and/or endotransglycosylation (XET). Cleaves and religates xyloglucan polymers, an essential constituent of the primary cell wall, and thereby participates in cell wall construction of growing tissues. May be required during development to modify the walls of cells under mechanical stress. (269 aa) |
| | CNX1 | Calnexin homolog 1; Calcium-binding protein that interacts with newly synthesized glycoproteins in the endoplasmic reticulum. It may act in assisting protein assembly and/or in the retention within the ER of unassembled protein subunits. It seems to play a major role in the quality control apparatus of the ER by the retention of incorrectly folded proteins (By similarity); Belongs to the calreticulin family. (530 aa) |
| | TUBA6 | Tubulin alpha-6 chain; Tubulin is the major constituent of microtubules. It binds two moles of GTP, one at an exchangeable site on the beta chain and one at a non-exchangeable site on the alpha chain. (450 aa) |
| | TUBB5 | Tubulin beta-5 chain; Tubulin is the major constituent of microtubules. It binds two moles of GTP, one at an exchangeable site on the beta chain and one at a non-exchangeable site on the alpha chain; Belongs to the tubulin family. (449 aa) |
| | TUBB7 | Tubulin beta-7 chain; Tubulin is the major constituent of microtubules. It binds two moles of GTP, one at an exchangeable site on the beta chain and one at a non-exchangeable site on the alpha chain; Belongs to the tubulin family. (449 aa) |
| | GSTF6 | Glutathione S-transferase F6; Involved in camalexin biosynthesis by probably catalyzing the conjugation of GSH with indole-3-acetonitrile (IAN). May be involved in the conjugation of reduced glutathione to a wide number of exogenous and endogenous hydrophobic electrophiles and have a detoxification role against certain herbicides. (208 aa) |
| | ASP2 | Aspartate aminotransferase, cytoplasmic isozyme 1; Important for the metabolism of amino acids and Krebs-cycle related organic acids. Involved in plant nitrogen metabolism of Asp and Asp-derived amino acids and in the synthesis of Asp/Asn for seed storage. May be involved in the assessment of the pyridoxal phosphate levels in the cell. (405 aa) |
| | GASA1 | Gibberellin-regulated protein 1; Gibberellin-regulated protein that may function in hormonal controlled steps of development such as seed germination, flowering and seed maturation; Belongs to the GASA family. (98 aa) |
| | CTIMC | Triosephosphate isomerase, cytosolic; Belongs to the triosephosphate isomerase family. (254 aa) |
| | RPS20A | 40S ribosomal protein S20-1; Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uS10 family. (124 aa) |
| | ACT7 | Actin-7; Actins are highly conserved proteins that are involved in various types of cell motility and are ubiquitously expressed in all eukaryotic cells. Essential component of cell cytoskeleton; plays an important role in cytoplasmic streaming, cell shape determination, cell division, organelle movement and extension growth. This is considered as one of the vegetative actins which is involved in the regulation of hormone-induced plant cell proliferation and callus formation. (377 aa) |
| | CDC48A | Cell division control protein 48 homolog A; Probably functions in cell division and growth processes. Interacts with certain SNAREs as part of specialized membrane fusion events where vesicles from the same organelle fuse (homotypic fusion) (By similarity). (809 aa) |
| | PER58 | Peroxidase 58; Removal of H(2)O(2), oxidation of toxic reductants, biosynthesis and degradation of lignin, suberization, auxin catabolism, response to environmental stresses such as wounding, pathogen attack and oxidative stress. These functions might be dependent on each isozyme/isoform in each plant tissue; Belongs to the peroxidase family. Classical plant (class III) peroxidase subfamily. (329 aa) |
| | SSL11 | Protein STRICTOSIDINE SYNTHASE-LIKE 11; Catalyzes the stereospecific condensation of tryptamine with secologanin to form strictosidine, the key intermediate of indole alkaloid biosynthesis. (329 aa) |
| | PGL3 | Polygalacturonase 1 beta-like protein 3; Involved in cell size determination. May serve as a chaperone for expansins through the secretory pathway. (626 aa) |
| | CYP73A5 | Trans-cinnamate 4-monooxygenase; Controls carbon flux to pigments essential for pollination or UV protection, to numerous pytoalexins synthesized by plants when challenged by pathogens, and to lignins. (505 aa) |
| | SUS2 | Sucrose synthase 2; Sucrose-cleaving enzyme that provides UDP-glucose and fructose for various metabolic pathways. Modulates metabolic homeostasis and directs carbon towards starch synthesis in developing seeds. (807 aa) |
| | APX1 | L-ascorbate peroxidase 1, cytosolic; Plays a key role in hydrogen peroxide removal. Constitutes a central component of the reactive oxygen gene network. (250 aa) |
| | ROPGEF4 | Rop guanine nucleotide exchange factor 4; Guanine-nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) that acts as an activator of Rop (Rho of plants) GTPases by promoting the exchange of GDP for GTP. In association with ROPGEF1, acts as specific regulator of ARAC10/ROP11 function in ABA-mediated stomatal closure. (463 aa) |
| | MSR2 | Protein MANNAN SYNTHESIS-RELATED 2; Glycosyltransferase involved in mannan biosynthesis. Belongs to the glycosyltransferase GT106 family. (423 aa) |
| | LAC16 | Laccase-16; Lignin degradation and detoxification of lignin-derived products. (566 aa) |
| | CEL5 | Endoglucanase 3; May be involved in the sloughing (cell-cell separation) of the root cap cells from root tip. (484 aa) |
| | EXPA6 | Expansin-A6; Causes loosening and extension of plant cell walls by disrupting non-covalent bonding between cellulose microfibrils and matrix glucans. No enzymatic activity has been found (By similarity). Belongs to the expansin family. Expansin A subfamily. (257 aa) |
| | EXT1 | Extensin-1; Structural component which strengthens the primary cell wall; Belongs to the extensin family. (373 aa) |
| | PP2AA3 | Serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A 65 kDa regulatory subunit A gamma isoform; The A subunit of protein phosphatase 2A serves as a scaffolding molecule to coordinate the assembly of the catalytic subunit and a variable regulatory B subunit. Involved during developmental process such as seedling and floral developments. Seems to act as a negative regulator of PP2A catalytic activity. (587 aa) |
| | BIP2 | Heat shock 70 kDa protein BIP2; In cooperation with other chaperones, Hsp70s are key components that facilitate folding of de novo synthesized proteins, assist translocation of precursor proteins into organelles, and are responsible for degradation of damaged protein under stress conditions (Probable). Involved in polar nuclei fusion during female gametophyte development and is essential for the regulation of endosperm nuclei proliferation. Involved in sperm nuclear fusion with central cell polar nuclei at fertilization, which is critical for normal endosperm nuclear proliferation. Req [...] (668 aa) |
| | XTH4 | Xyloglucan endotransglucosylase/hydrolase protein 4; Catalyzes xyloglucan endohydrolysis (XEH) and/or endotransglycosylation (XET). Cleaves and religates xyloglucan polymers, an essential constituent of the primary cell wall, and thereby participates in cell wall construction of growing tissues. (296 aa) |
| | EARLI1 | Lipid transfer protein EARLI 1; Probable lipid transfer protein (LTP). May improve freezing survival. Seems to control the flowering process and lignin synthesis. Has an auxiliary role for germinability and early seedling development under low temperature and salt stress conditions, probably in an abscisic acid- (ABA) dependent manner. Confers resistance to Botrytis cinerea and exhibits anti-fungal activity, at least against S.cerevisiae, B. cinerea and Fusarium oxysporum, probably by increasing their membrane permeability. Belongs to the plant LTP family. PEARLI1 subfamily. (168 aa) |
| | WAK1 | Wall-associated receptor kinase 1; Serine/threonine-protein kinase that may function as a signaling receptor of extracellular matrix component. Binding to pectin may have significance in the control of cell expansion, morphogenesis and development. Required during plant's response to pathogen infection and in plant defense against heavy metal toxicity. Phosphorylates the oxygen-evolving enhancer protein 2 (OEE2) in an GRP-3-dependent manner. (735 aa) |
| | Q3E970_ARATH | Uncharacterized protein. (113 aa) |
| | ACO2 | 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate oxidase 2; Enzyme involved in the ethylene biosynthesis. Required to mediate the 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC)-mediated reversion of the ABA-induced inhibition of seed germination via endosperm rupture. May promote stem elongation by maximizing the extensibility cells, possibly by activating ethylene biosynthesis, in response to very-long-chain fatty acids (VLCFAs C20:0 to C30:0). (320 aa) |
| | TIP2-1 | Aquaporin TIP2-1, N-terminally processed; Aquaporin required to facilitate the transport of water from the vacuolar compartment to the cytoplasm. Does not promote glycerol permability. Its function is impaired by Hg(2+). Transports urea in yeast cells and Xenopus laevis oocytes in a pH-independent manner. Transports methylammonium or ammonium in yeast cells and Xenopus laevis oocytes, preferentially at high medium pH. May participate in vacuolar compartmentation and detoxification of ammonium. Belongs to the MIP/aquaporin (TC 1.A.8) family. TIP (TC 1.A.8.10) subfamily. (250 aa) |
| | PME2 | Pectinesterase 2; Acts in the modification of cell walls via demethylesterification of cell wall pectin; In the N-terminal section; belongs to the PMEI family. (587 aa) |
| | PER21 | Peroxidase 21; Removal of H(2)O(2), oxidation of toxic reductants, biosynthesis and degradation of lignin, suberization, auxin catabolism, response to environmental stresses such as wounding, pathogen attack and oxidative stress. These functions might be dependent on each isozyme/isoform in each plant tissue; Belongs to the peroxidase family. Classical plant (class III) peroxidase subfamily. (327 aa) |
| | LTP1 | Non-specific lipid-transfer protein 1; Plant non-specific lipid-transfer proteins transfer phospholipids as well as galactolipids across membranes. May play a role in wax or cutin deposition in the cell walls of expanding epidermal cells and certain secretory tissues. (118 aa) |
| | PER71 | Peroxidase 71; Removal of H(2)O(2), oxidation of toxic reductants, biosynthesis and degradation of lignin, suberization, auxin catabolism, response to environmental stresses such as wounding, pathogen attack and oxidative stress. These functions might be dependent on each isozyme/isoform in each plant tissue; Belongs to the peroxidase family. Classical plant (class III) peroxidase subfamily. (328 aa) |
| | PER57 | Peroxidase 57; Removal of H(2)O(2), oxidation of toxic reductants, biosynthesis and degradation of lignin, suberization, auxin catabolism, response to environmental stresses such as wounding, pathogen attack and oxidative stress. These functions might be dependent on each isozyme/isoform in each plant tissue; Belongs to the peroxidase family. Classical plant (class III) peroxidase subfamily. (313 aa) |
| | PER64 | Peroxidase 64; Removal of H(2)O(2), oxidation of toxic reductants, biosynthesis and degradation of lignin, suberization, auxin catabolism, response to environmental stresses such as wounding, pathogen attack and oxidative stress. These functions might be dependent on each isozyme/isoform in each plant tissue; Belongs to the peroxidase family. Classical plant (class III) peroxidase subfamily. (317 aa) |
| | GLN1-1 | Glutamine synthetase cytosolic isozyme 1-1; High-affinity glutamine synthetase. May contribute to the homeostatic control of glutamine synthesis in roots. (356 aa) |
| | LAC3 | Laccase-3; Lignin degradation and detoxification of lignin-derived products. (570 aa) |
| | F28O9.50 | Glycosyltransferase-like At3g57200; Involved in the coordination between cell elongation and cellulose synthesis by promoting the expression of genes involved in cell elongation and cellulose synthesis. Acts as a regulator of plasmodesmatal permeability. Maybe a glycosyltransferase. (514 aa) |
| | PAE10 | Pectin acetylesterase 10; Hydrolyzes acetyl esters in homogalacturonan regions of pectin. In type I primary cell wall, galacturonic acid residues of pectin can be acetylated at the O-2 and O-3 positions. Decreasing the degree of acetylation of pectin gels in vitro alters their physical properties; Belongs to the pectinacetylesterase family. (416 aa) |
| | PER2 | Peroxidase 2; Removal of H(2)O(2), oxidation of toxic reductants, biosynthesis and degradation of lignin, suberization, auxin catabolism, response to environmental stresses such as wounding, pathogen attack and oxidative stress. These functions might be dependent on each isozyme/isoform in each plant tissue; Belongs to the peroxidase family. Classical plant (class III) peroxidase subfamily. (325 aa) |
| | LAC10 | Laccase-10; Lignin degradation and detoxification of lignin-derived products. (558 aa) |
| | CESA4 | Cellulose synthase A catalytic subunit 4 [UDP-forming]; Catalytic subunit of cellulose synthase terminal complexes ('rosettes'), required for beta-1,4-glucan microfibril crystallization, a major mechanism of the cell wall formation. Involved in the secondary cell wall formation. Required for the xylem cell wall thickening. (1049 aa) |
| | PAE6 | Pectin acetylesterase 6; Hydrolyzes acetyl esters in homogalacturonan regions of pectin. In type I primary cell wall, galacturonic acid residues of pectin can be acetylated at the O-2 and O-3 positions. Decreasing the degree of acetylation of pectin gels in vitro alters their physical properties. (419 aa) |
| | CIF1 | Protein CASPARIAN STRIP INTEGRITY FACTOR 1; Peptide hormone required for contiguous Casparian strip diffusion barrier formation in roots via the regulation of CASPs protein expression and distribution in a GSO1-GSO2 signaling pathway. The Casparian strip is required for ion homeostasis (e.g. iron and potassium ions). (83 aa) |
| | GT14 | Probable xyloglucan galactosyltransferase GT14; Functions in xyloglucan synthesis by adding side chains to the xylosylated glucan backbone. Involved in the galactosylation of hemicellulose xyloglucan. (521 aa) |
| | F19K23.23 | Uncharacterized protein At1g62240. (227 aa) |
| | PPME1 | Pectinesterase PPME1; Acts in the modification of cell walls via demethylesterification of cell wall pectin. Involved in the pollen tube growth and determination of pollen tube morphology. Belongs to the pectinesterase family. (361 aa) |
| | MYB39 | Transcription factor MYB39. (360 aa) |
| | WAKL6 | Wall-associated receptor kinase-like 6; Serine/threonine-protein kinase that may function as a signaling receptor of extracellular matrix component. (642 aa) |
| | PDLP1 | Plasmodesmata-located protein 1; Modulates cell-to-cell trafficking. Required for systemic acquired resistance (SAR) which is mediated by the signaling molecules azelaic acid (AzA), glycerol-3-phosphate (G3P), and salicylic acid (SA). Required for the proper localization and stability of AZI1 which is involved in SAR. Mediates callose deposition during downy mildew fungal infection around haustoria. Haustoria are unicellular protrusions from hyphae and function as the site of molecular exchange of nutrients and effectors between host and pathogen. (303 aa) |
| | ROPGAP3 | Rho GTPase-activating protein 3; Acts as a GTPase activator for the Rac-type GTPase by converting it to an inactive GDP-bound state. Involved in secondary wall pattern formation. In association with ROPGEF4, mediates local activation of ARAC10/ROP11 to initiate the distinct pattern of secondary cell walls in xylem cells. (455 aa) |
| | GUS1 | Heparanase-like protein 2; Endoglycosidase which is a cell surface and extracellular matrix-degrading enzyme. Cleaves heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) into heparan sulfate side chains and core proteoglycans (By similarity); Belongs to the glycosyl hydrolase 79 family. (539 aa) |
| | SBT3.6 | Subtilisin-like protease SBT3.6; Belongs to the peptidase S8 family. (778 aa) |
| | RALFL33 | Protein RALF-like 33; Cell signaling peptide that may regulate plant stress, growth, and development. Mediates a rapid alkalinization of extracellular space by mediating a transient increase in the cytoplasmic Ca(2+) concentration leading to a calcium-dependent signaling events through a cell surface receptor and a concomitant activation of some intracellular mitogen-activated protein kinases (By similarity). (116 aa) |
| | TED6 | Protein TRACHEARY ELEMENT DIFFERENTIATION-RELATED 6; Involved in the secondary cell wall (SCW) formation of vessel elements (e.g. protoxylem and metaxylem), thus promoting tracheary element (TE) differentiation. (116 aa) |
| | GASA10 | Gibberellin-regulated protein 10; Gibberellin-regulated protein that may function in hormonal controlled steps of development such as seed germination, flowering and seed maturation; Belongs to the GASA family. (89 aa) |
| | F20H23.20 | Probable inactive leucine-rich repeat receptor-like protein kinase At3g03770; Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. Ser/Thr protein kinase family. (802 aa) |
| | BDG1 | Probable lysophospholipase BODYGUARD 1; Controls cuticle development and morphogenesis, by promoting cutin and suberin monomers loading. Involved in the regulation of abscissic acid (ABA) biosynthesis in response to osmotic stress. Plays an important role in osmotic stress and drought resistance. Required to ensure a reduced permeability of aerial tissue, thus preventing transpiration. Regulates lateral root hair development. (469 aa) |
| | IQD14 | Protein IQ-DOMAIN 14; May be involved in cooperative interactions with calmodulins or calmodulin-like proteins. May associate with nucleic acids and regulate gene expression at the transcriptional or post-transcriptional level (By similarity); Belongs to the IQD family. (668 aa) |
| | AGAL2 | Alpha-galactosidase 2; May regulate leaf (and possibly other organ) development by functioning in cell wall loosening and cell wall expansion. (396 aa) |
| | XEG113 | Arabinosyltransferase XEG113; Plays a role in the arabinosylation of cell wall components. Involved in the arabinosylation of extensin proteins in root hair cells. Extensins are structural glycoproteins present in cell walls and its arabinosylation is important for cell elongation, root hair cell development, lateral root development and root hair tip growth. Belongs to the glycosyltransferase 77 family. (644 aa) |
| | TSN1 | Ribonuclease TUDOR 1; Cytoprotective ribonuclease (RNase) required for resistance to abiotic stresses, acting as a positive regulator of mRNA decapping during stress. Essential for the integrity and function of cytoplasmic messenger ribonucleoprotein (mRNP) complexes called stress granules (SGs) and processing bodies (PBs), sites of post-transcriptional gene regulation during stress (e.g. salt and heat). Involved in gibberellic acid (GA) biosynthesis. Essential for stress tolerance, probably by regulating mRNAs entering the secretory pathway. Component of stress granules (SGs) that reg [...] (991 aa) |
| | F6F9.4 | Glyoxal oxidase-related protein. (548 aa) |
| | RPN2 | Dolichyl-diphosphooligosaccharide--protein glycosyltransferase subunit 2; Subunit of the oligosaccharyl transferase (OST) complex that catalyzes the initial transfer of a defined glycan (Glc(3)Man(9)GlcNAc(2) in eukaryotes) from the lipid carrier dolichol- pyrophosphate to an asparagine residue within an Asn-X-Ser/Thr consensus motif in nascent polypeptide chains, the first step in protein N-glycosylation. N-glycosylation occurs cotranslationally and the complex associates with the Sec61 complex at the channel-forming translocon complex that mediates protein translocation across the en [...] (691 aa) |
| | T17H7.1 | Berberine bridge enzyme-like 13; Mediates oxidation of cinnamyl alcohol and of p-hydroxylated derivatives of cinnamyl alcohol (i.e. the monolignols p-coumaryl-, coniferyl-, and sinapyl alcohol) to their corresponding aldehydes. Can use cinnamyl alcohol and derivatives, as well as beta-O-glycosylated form of coniferyl alcohol (coniferin) as substrate. Belongs to the oxygen-dependent FAD-linked oxidoreductase family. (534 aa) |
| | KIN13A | Kinesin-like protein KIN-13A; Internal motor kinesin involved in trichome morphogenesis. Participates in regulating the formation of Golgi- associated vesicles. Plays a central role in microtubule disassembly via the active ARAC10-ICR5 cascade, which establishes the secondary cell wall pattern in metaxylem vessel cells. Acts redundantly with KIN13B to modulate cell wall synthesis and cell expansion via the THE1 pathway. (794 aa) |
| | PAE7 | Pectin acetylesterase 7; Hydrolyzes acetyl esters in homogalacturonan regions of pectin. In type I primary cell wall, galacturonic acid residues of pectin can be acetylated at the O-2 and O-3 positions. Decreasing the degree of acetylation of pectin gels in vitro alters their physical properties; Belongs to the pectinacetylesterase family. (391 aa) |
| | CESA3 | Cellulose synthase A catalytic subunit 3 [UDP-forming]; Catalytic subunit of cellulose synthase terminal complexes ('rosettes'), required for beta-1,4-glucan microfibril crystallization, a major mechanism of the cell wall formation. Involved in the primary cell wall formation, especially in roots. Belongs to the glycosyltransferase 2 family. Plant cellulose synthase subfamily. (1065 aa) |
| | OST48 | Dolichyl-diphosphooligosaccharide--protein glycosyltransferase 48 kDa subunit; Subunit of the oligosaccharyl transferase (OST) complex that catalyzes the initial transfer of a defined glycan (Glc(3)Man(9)GlcNAc(2) in eukaryotes) from the lipid carrier dolichol- pyrophosphate to an asparagine residue within an Asn-X-Ser/Thr consensus motif in nascent polypeptide chains, the first step in protein N-glycosylation. N-glycosylation occurs cotranslationally and the complex associates with the Sec61 complex at the channel-forming translocon complex that mediates protein translocation across t [...] (437 aa) |
| | CHER1 | Choline transporter protein 1; Regulator of vesicle trafficking, including endocytosis. Necessary for secondary plasmodesmata (PD) formation and development via the secretory trafficking regulation of proteins required for PD development, thus influencing intercellular communication. Modulates ion homeostasis, especially in roots, by monitoring the transport and subsequent subcellular localization of some ion transporters. Choline transporter involved in the regulation of choline metabolite homeostasis during root and phloem development. Modulates phloem morphogenesis and conductivity. [...] (700 aa) |
| | DGR2 | At5g25460. (369 aa) |
| | CESA6 | Cellulose synthase A catalytic subunit 6 [UDP-forming]; Catalytic subunit of cellulose synthase terminal complexes ('rosettes'), required for beta-1,4-glucan microfibril crystallization, a major mechanism of the cell wall formation. Involved in the primary cell wall formation. The presence of each protein CESA1 and CESA6 is critical for cell expansion. The hypocotyl elongation is based on a CESA6-dependent cell elongation in dark and a CESA6-independent cell elongation in light. The transition between these two mechanisms requires photosynthesis and PHYB, but not CRY1. The CESA6-depend [...] (1084 aa) |
| | COB | Protein COBRA; Involved in determining the orientation of cell expansion, probably by playing an important role in cellulose deposition. May act by recruiting cellulose synthesizing complexes to discrete positions on the cell surface; Belongs to the COBRA family. (456 aa) |
| | PER12 | Peroxidase 12; Removal of H(2)O(2), oxidation of toxic reductants, biosynthesis and degradation of lignin, suberization, auxin catabolism, response to environmental stresses such as wounding, pathogen attack and oxidative stress. These functions might be dependent on each isozyme/isoform in each plant tissue; Belongs to the peroxidase family. Classical plant (class III) peroxidase subfamily. (358 aa) |
| | AT5G22070 | Core-2/I-branching beta-1,6-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase family protein. (362 aa) |
| | F28B23.10 | Proline-rich extensin-like family protein. (478 aa) |
| | F28B23.9 | Proline-rich extensin-like family protein. (443 aa) |
| | PIN1 | Auxin efflux carrier component 1; Acts as a component of the auxin efflux carrier. Seems to be involved in the basipetal auxin transport. Mediates the formation of auxin gradient which is required to ensure correct organogenesis. Coordinated polar localization of PIN1 is directly regulated by the vesicle trafficking process and apical-basal PIN1 polarity also depends on the phosphorylation of conserved serine residues by PID kinase. The ARF-GEF protein GNOM is required for the correct recycling of PIN1 between the plasma membrane and endosomal compartments. (622 aa) |
| | EXL1-2 | Protein EXORDIUM-like 1; May play a role in a brassinosteroid-dependent regulatory pathway that controls growth and development under low carbon and energy availability; Belongs to the EXORDIUM family. (309 aa) |
| | F2J7.6 | Eukaryotic aspartyl protease family protein; Belongs to the peptidase A1 family. (483 aa) |
| | LTPG1 | Non-specific lipid transfer protein GPI-anchored 1; Lipid transfer protein that, together with LTPG2, binds to lipids and functions as a component of the cuticular lipid export machinery that performs extensive export of intracellular lipids (e.g. C29 alkane) from epidermal cells to the surface to build the cuticular wax layer and silique walls. Involved in the establishment of resistance to the necrotrophic fungal pathogen Alternaria brassicicola. (193 aa) |
| | F2P9.12 | Calcium-dependent phosphotriesterase superfamily protein. (325 aa) |
| | CEL3 | Endoglucanase 9. (484 aa) |
| | ELD1 | Glycosyltransferase-like KOBITO 1; Involved in the coordination between cell elongation and cellulose synthesis by promoting the expression of genes involved in cell elongation and cellulose synthesis. Acts as a regulator of plasmodesmatal permeability. Mediates abscisic acid (ABA) and sugar responses essential for growth (e.g. seed germination, stomatal regulation and ABA-regulated gene expression). Required for normal organogenesis by promoting cell elongation, regulating cell differentiation in vascular tissues and maintaining root meristem identity. Regulates crystalline cellulose [...] (533 aa) |
| | CASP2 | Casparian strip membrane protein 2; Regulates membrane-cell wall junctions and localized cell wall deposition. Required for establishment of the Casparian strip membrane domain (CSD) and the subsequent formation of Casparian strips, a cell wall modification of the root endodermis that determines an apoplastic barrier between the intraorganismal apoplasm and the extraorganismal apoplasm and prevents lateral diffusion. (204 aa) |
| | EXL2-2 | Protein EXORDIUM-like 2; May play a role in a brassinosteroid-dependent regulation of growth and development; Belongs to the EXORDIUM family. (305 aa) |
| | GUS2 | Heparanase-like protein 1; Endoglycosidase which is a cell surface and extracellular matrix-degrading enzyme. Cleaves heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) into heparan sulfate side chains and core proteoglycans (By similarity); Belongs to the glycosyl hydrolase 79 family. (543 aa) |
| | MUG13.9 | Cysteine proteinases superfamily protein; Belongs to the peptidase C1 family. (299 aa) |
| | FLA13 | Fasciclin-like arabinogalactan protein 13; May be a cell surface adhesion protein; Belongs to the fasciclin-like AGP family. (247 aa) |
| | CASP4 | Casparian strip membrane protein 4; Regulates membrane-cell wall junctions and localized cell wall deposition. Required for establishment of the Casparian strip membrane domain (CSD) and the subsequent formation of Casparian strips, a cell wall modification of the root endodermis that determines an apoplastic barrier between the intraorganismal apoplasm and the extraorganismal apoplasm and prevents lateral diffusion. (202 aa) |
| | CEP1-2 | KDEL-tailed cysteine endopeptidase CEP1; Possesses protease activity in vitro. Involved in the final stage of developmental programmed cell death and in intercalation of new cells. Cleaves extensins, thus probably supporting the final cell collapse. During the compatible interaction with the biotrophic powdery mildew fungus Erysiphe cruciferarum, involved in the control of late epidermal cell death that limits growth and susceptibility to the parasite. During anther development, involved in tapetal programmed cell death (PCD), leading to degeneration of tapetal cells and functional pol [...] (361 aa) |
| | PAE11 | Pectin acetylesterase 11; Hydrolyzes acetyl esters in homogalacturonan regions of pectin. In type I primary cell wall, galacturonic acid residues of pectin can be acetylated at the O-2 and O-3 positions. Decreasing the degree of acetylation of pectin gels in vitro alters their physical properties; Belongs to the pectinacetylesterase family. (391 aa) |
| | RLP57 | Receptor-like protein 57. (279 aa) |
| | K17N15.7 | Plant invertase/pectin methylesterase inhibitor superfamily protein. (204 aa) |
| | BG_PPAP | Glucan endo-1,3-beta-glucosidase 10; Plasmodesmal-associated membrane beta-1,3-glucanase involved in plasmodesmal callose degradation and functions in the gating of plasmodesmata; Belongs to the glycosyl hydrolase 17 family. (425 aa) |
| | MFC16.10 | Berberine bridge enzyme-like 28; Involved in adaptation to salt stress. Belongs to the oxygen-dependent FAD-linked oxidoreductase family. (533 aa) |
| | MFC16.3 | Berberine bridge enzyme-like 27. (535 aa) |
| | TED7 | Protein TRACHEARY ELEMENT DIFFERENTIATION-RELATED 7; Essential protein. Involved in the secondary cell wall (SCW) formation of vessel elements (e.g. protoxylem and metaxylem), thus promoting tracheary element (TE) differentiation. (205 aa) |
| | K23L20.18 | Pectin lyase-like superfamily protein. (332 aa) |
| | GSO2 | LRR receptor-like serine/threonine-protein kinase GSO2; Together with GSO1, receptor-like serine/threonine-kinase required during the development of the epidermal surface in embryos and cotyledons. Involved in the nuclear division phase of megagametogenesis. In coordination with GSO2, regulates root growth through control of cell division and cell fate specification. Controls seedling root growth by modulating sucrose response after germination. Receptor of the peptide hormones CIF1 and CIF2 required for contiguous Casparian strip diffusion barrier formation in roots. Belongs to the pr [...] (1252 aa) |
| | BDG2 | Probable lysophospholipase BODYGUARD 2; Involved in cuticle development and morphogenesis. (471 aa) |
| | LAC17 | Laccase-17; Lignin degradation and detoxification of lignin-derived products. (577 aa) |
| | PER72 | Peroxidase 72; Removal of H(2)O(2), oxidation of toxic reductants, biosynthesis and degradation of lignin, suberization, auxin catabolism, response to environmental stresses such as wounding, pathogen attack and oxidative stress. These functions might be dependent on each isozyme/isoform in each plant tissue; Belongs to the peroxidase family. Classical plant (class III) peroxidase subfamily. (336 aa) |
| | PME61 | Probable pectinesterase/pectinesterase inhibitor 61; Acts in the modification of cell walls via demethylesterification of cell wall pectin; In the C-terminal section; belongs to the pectinesterase family. (587 aa) |
| | MYB36 | Transcription factor MYB36; Transcription factors that activates genes required for endodermal differentiation but represses genes involved in proliferative divisions, thus regulating the transition from proliferation to differentiation in root endodermis. Required for Casparian strip formation by positively regulating the expression of the Casparian strip genes CASP1, PER64 and ESB1 and other endodermis-specific genes, thus triggering correct localized lignin biosynthesis in root endodermis and subsequently regulating global ion homeostasis. (333 aa) |
| | K9L2.20 | Berberine bridge enzyme-like 26. (537 aa) |
| | K9L2.19 | Berberine bridge enzyme-like 25; Belongs to the oxygen-dependent FAD-linked oxidoreductase family. (542 aa) |
| | K9L2.18 | Berberine bridge enzyme-like 24. (541 aa) |
| | K9L2.15 | Berberine bridge enzyme-like 23; Belongs to the oxygen-dependent FAD-linked oxidoreductase family. (532 aa) |
| | LAC12 | Laccase-12; Lignin degradation and detoxification of lignin-derived products. (565 aa) |
| | PER52 | Peroxidase 52; Removal of H(2)O(2), oxidation of toxic reductants, biosynthesis and degradation of lignin, suberization, auxin catabolism, response to environmental stresses such as wounding, pathogen attack and oxidative stress. These functions might be dependent on each isozyme/isoform in each plant tissue; Belongs to the peroxidase family. Classical plant (class III) peroxidase subfamily. (324 aa) |
| | T6I14.11 | Gb|AAD43168.1. (301 aa) |
| | PDCB1 | PLASMODESMATA CALLOSE-BINDING PROTEIN 1; Able to bind (1->3)-beta-D-glucans (laminarin). Probably involved in cell-to-cell trafficking regulation. (201 aa) |
| | EXT3 | Extensin-3; Structural component which strengthens the primary cell wall. Forms dendritic structures indicating a propensity for self-assembly through tyrosine cross-linking. Forms intermolecular cross-links exclusively by pulcherosine (three Tyr). Scaffold formation requires an unobstructed C-terminus of EXT3. Required for the correct positioning of the cell plate during cytokinesis in cells of the developing embryo. Extensins contain a characteristic repeat of the pentapeptide Ser-Pro(4). For this particular extensin, a typical repeat of Ser-Pro(3) is found. (431 aa) |
| | AGAL1 | Alpha-galactosidase 1; May regulate leaf (and possibly other organ) development by functioning in cell wall loosening and cell wall expansion. Belongs to the glycosyl hydrolase 27 family. (410 aa) |
| | NAC007 | NAC domain-containing protein 7; Transcription activator that binds to the secondary wall NAC binding element (SNBE), 5'- (T/A)NN(C/T)(T/C/G)TNNNNNNNA(A/C)GN(A/C/T)(A/T)-3', in the promoter of target genes (By similarity). Involved in xylem formation by promoting the expression of secondary wall-associated transcription factors and of genes involved in secondary wall biosynthesis and programmed cell death, genes driven by the secondary wall NAC binding element (SNBE). Triggers thickening of secondary walls. (395 aa) |
| | GAPC2 | Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase GAPC2, cytosolic; Key enzyme in glycolysis that catalyzes the first step of the pathway by converting D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (G3P) into 3- phospho-D-glyceroyl phosphate. Essential for the maintenance of cellular ATP levels and carbohydrate metabolism (By similarity). Binds DNA in vitro. (338 aa) |
| | PER10 | Peroxidase 10; Removal of H(2)O(2), oxidation of toxic reductants, biosynthesis and degradation of lignin, suberization, auxin catabolism, response to environmental stresses such as wounding, pathogen attack and oxidative stress. These functions might be dependent on each isozyme/isoform in each plant tissue. (350 aa) |
| | PDF1.5 | Defensin-like protein 18; Confers broad-spectrum resistance to pathogens; Belongs to the DEFL family. (80 aa) |
| | AGP31 | Non-classical arabinogalactan protein 31; Proteoglycan that may contribute to the strengthening of cell walls. (359 aa) |
| | GUS3 | Heparanase-like protein 3; Endoglycosidase which is a cell surface and extracellular matrix-degrading enzyme. Cleaves heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) into heparan sulfate side chains and core proteoglycans (By similarity); Belongs to the glycosyl hydrolase 79 family. (536 aa) |
| | UGD3 | UDP-glucose 6-dehydrogenase 3; Involved in the biosynthesis of UDP-glucuronic acid (UDP- GlcA), providing nucleotide sugars for cell-wall polymers. Required for the formation of cell wall ingrowths on the outer cell walls of nematode-induced syncytia. (480 aa) |
| | LAC9 | Laccase-9; Lignin degradation and detoxification of lignin-derived products. (586 aa) |
| | LAC8 | Laccase-8; Lignin degradation and detoxification of lignin-derived products (By similarity). Involved in the flowering time inhibition. (584 aa) |
| | ABCG20 | ABC transporter G family member 20. (739 aa) |
| | F2I11.110 | Uncharacterized protein F2I11_110. (265 aa) |
| | RGP2 | UDP-arabinopyranose mutase 2; UDP-L-arabinose mutase involved in the biosynthesis of cell wall non-cellulosic polysaccharides. Catalyzes the interconvertion of UDP-L-arabinopyranose (UDP-Arap) and UDP-L-arabinofuranose (UDP-Araf) in vitro. Preferentially catalyzes the formation of UDP-Arap from UDP- Araf. At thermodynamic equilibrium in vitro the ratio of the pyranose form over the furanose form is 95:5. Is not active on other UDP-sugars (UDP-Gal, UDP-Xyl, UDP-Glc, GDP-Man and GDP-Fuc). Functions redundantly with RGP2 and is essential for proper cell walls and pollen development. Proba [...] (360 aa) |
| | HSP70-4 | Heat shock 70 kDa protein 4; In cooperation with other chaperones, Hsp70s are key components that facilitate folding of de novo synthesized proteins, assist translocation of precursor proteins into organelles, and are responsible for degradation of damaged protein under stress conditions (Probable). ATP-dependent molecular chaperone that assists folding of unfolded or misfolded proteins under stress conditions. Mediates plastid precursor degradation to prevent cytosolic precursor accumulation, together with the E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase CHIP. Recognizes specific sequence motifs in tr [...] (650 aa) |
| | LRX4 | Leucine-rich repeat extensin-like protein 4; Modulates cell morphogenesis by regulating cell wall formation and assembly, and/or growth polarization. (494 aa) |
| | EXT13 | Proline-rich extensin-like family protein. (334 aa) |
| | sks13 | BNH protein pectinesterase-like protein pollen-secific protein-like. (551 aa) |
| | sks11 | L-ascorbate oxidase pectinesterase-like protein pollen-specific protein-like. (554 aa) |
| | dVPE | Vacuolar-processing enzyme delta-isozyme; Asparagine-specific endopeptidase that may be involved in processing of proteins targeted to vacuoles (By similarity). Probably involved in post-translational proteolysis of seed storage proteins in the protein storage vacuole of developing seeds. Exhibits a caspase-1-like activity in extracellular granules. At the early stage of seed development, required for the formation of the seed coat, by regulating cell death of specific cell layers in inner integument. (466 aa) |
| | WAK3 | Wall-associated receptor kinase 3; Serine/threonine-protein kinase that may function as a signaling receptor of extracellular matrix component. Binding to pectin may have significance in the control of cell expansion, morphogenesis and development. (741 aa) |
| | LAC1 | Laccase-1; Lignin degradation and detoxification of lignin-derived products. (581 aa) |
| | APF2 | Aspartyl protease family protein 2; Aspartyl protease. Not able to cleave BAG6. (485 aa) |
| | SEC1A-2 | Berberine bridge enzyme-like 1; Belongs to the oxygen-dependent FAD-linked oxidoreductase family. (541 aa) |
| | ROPGEF2 | Rop guanine nucleotide exchange factor 2; Guanine-nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) that acts as an activator of Rop (Rho of plants) GTPases by promoting the exchange of GDP for GTP. (485 aa) |
| | DIR25 | Dirigent protein 25; Dirigent proteins impart stereoselectivity on the phenoxy radical-coupling reaction, yielding optically active lignans from two molecules of coniferyl alcohol in the biosynthesis of lignans, flavonolignans, and alkaloids and thus plays a central role in plant secondary metabolism. (389 aa) |
| | F10A5.18 | Glyoxal oxidase-related protein. (547 aa) |
| | PER30 | Peroxidase 30; Removal of H(2)O(2), oxidation of toxic reductants, biosynthesis and degradation of lignin, suberization, auxin catabolism, response to environmental stresses such as wounding, pathogen attack and oxidative stress. These functions might be dependent on each isozyme/isoform in each plant tissue; Belongs to the peroxidase family. Classical plant (class III) peroxidase subfamily. (329 aa) |
| | GRP5 | Glycine-rich protein 5; Involved in organ growth by promoting cell elongation processes. (174 aa) |
| | METK4 | S-adenosylmethionine synthase 4; Catalyzes the formation of S-adenosylmethionine from methionine and ATP. The reaction comprises two steps that are both catalyzed by the same enzyme: formation of S-adenosylmethionine (AdoMet) and triphosphate, and subsequent hydrolysis of the triphosphate. (393 aa) |
| | BGLU44 | Beta-glucosidase 44; Hydrolyzes p-nitrophenyl beta-D-glucoside, p-nitrophenyl beta-D-mannoside, cellobiose, 4-methylumbelliferyl-beta-D-glucoside, laminarin, amygdalin, esculin and gentiobiose. Belongs to the glycosyl hydrolase 1 family. (512 aa) |
| | NAC101 | NAC domain-containing protein 101; Transcription activator that binds to the secondary wall NAC binding element (SNBE), 5'- (T/A)NN(C/T)(T/C/G)TNNNNNNNA(A/C)GN(A/C/T)(A/T)-3', and to the tracheary elements (TE) specific regulating cis-element (TERE), 5'- CTTNAAAGCNA-3', in the promoter of target genes (e.g. genes involved in secondary wall biosynthesis, cell wall modification such as xylan accumulation, and programmed cell death). Involved in xylem formation in roots and shoots, especially regulating metaxylem vessel differentiation by promoting immature xylem vessel-specific genes exp [...] (348 aa) |
| | PER68 | Peroxidase 68; Removal of H(2)O(2), oxidation of toxic reductants, biosynthesis and degradation of lignin, suberization, auxin catabolism, response to environmental stresses such as wounding, pathogen attack and oxidative stress. These functions might be dependent on each isozyme/isoform in each plant tissue; Belongs to the peroxidase family. Classical plant (class III) peroxidase subfamily. (325 aa) |
| | PER67 | Peroxidase 67; Removal of H(2)O(2), oxidation of toxic reductants, biosynthesis and degradation of lignin, suberization, auxin catabolism, response to environmental stresses such as wounding, pathogen attack and oxidative stress. These functions might be dependent on each isozyme/isoform in each plant tissue; Belongs to the peroxidase family. Classical plant (class III) peroxidase subfamily. (316 aa) |
| | MSJ11.12 | Probable polygalacturonase At3g15720. (456 aa) |
| | PELPK2 | Protein PELPK2. (130 aa) |
| | PELPK1 | Protein PELPK1; Positive regulator of germination and plant growth. (370 aa) |
| | CASP5 | Casparian strip membrane protein 5; Regulates membrane-cell wall junctions and localized cell wall deposition. Required for establishment of the Casparian strip membrane domain (CSD) and the subsequent formation of Casparian strips, a cell wall modification of the root endodermis that determines an apoplastic barrier between the intraorganismal apoplasm and the extraorganismal apoplasm and prevents lateral diffusion. (187 aa) |
| | T5P19_210 | NAC domain containing protein 65. (228 aa) |
| | T5P19_180 | NAC domain containing protein 64. (319 aa) |
| | NADP-ME2 | NADP-dependent malic enzyme 2. (588 aa) |
| | T15N1.140 | Pectin lyase-like superfamily protein. (435 aa) |
| | LAC13 | Laccase-13; Lignin degradation and detoxification of lignin-derived products. (569 aa) |
| | EXLA1 | Expansin-like A1. (265 aa) |
| | EXLA3 | Expansin-like A3. (263 aa) |
| | EXPB3 | Expansin-B3; May cause loosening and extension of plant cell walls by disrupting non-covalent bonding between cellulose microfibrils and matrix glucans. No enzymatic activity has been found (By similarity). (264 aa) |
| | T16L24.240 | IQ-domain 13. (517 aa) |
| | EXT2 | Extensin-2; Structural component which strengthens the primary cell wall. (743 aa) |
| | T14D3.170 | Hydroxyproline-rich glycoprotein family protein. (175 aa) |
| | T14D3.140 | Uncharacterized protein T14D3.140. (300 aa) |
| | GLP10 | Germin-like protein subfamily 2 member 4; May play a role in plant defense. Probably has no oxalate oxidase activity even if the active site is conserved; Belongs to the germin family. (220 aa) |
| | ABCG18 | ABC transporter G family member 18. (708 aa) |
| | ABCG17 | ABC transporter G family member 17. (662 aa) |
| | RLP44 | Receptor-like protein 44. (274 aa) |
| | F15G16.210 | Eukaryotic aspartyl protease family protein; Belongs to the peptidase A1 family. (483 aa) |
| | PME34 | Probable pectinesterase/pectinesterase inhibitor 34; Acts in the modification of cell walls via demethylesterification of cell wall pectin; In the N-terminal section; belongs to the PMEI family. (598 aa) |
| | DIR24 | Dirigent protein 24; Dirigent proteins impart stereoselectivity on the phenoxy radical-coupling reaction, yielding optically active lignans from two molecules of coniferyl alcohol in the biosynthesis of lignans, flavonolignans, and alkaloids and thus plays a central role in plant secondary metabolism. (306 aa) |
| | T26I12.90 | NAM (No apical meristem)-like protein. (280 aa) |
| | PGIP2 | Polygalacturonase inhibitor 2; Inhibitor of fungal polygalacturonase. It is an important factor for plant resistance to phytopathogenic fungi. Belongs to the polygalacturonase-inhibiting protein family. (330 aa) |
| | PGIP1 | Polygalacturonase inhibitor 1; Inhibitor of fungal polygalacturonase. It is an important factor for plant resistance to phytopathogenic fungi. Belongs to the polygalacturonase-inhibiting protein family. (330 aa) |
| | F9I5.3 | Aquaporin-like superfamily protein; Belongs to the MIP/aquaporin (TC 1.A.8) family. (124 aa) |
| | T4P13.31 | UDP-glucose/GDP-mannose dehydrogenase family protein. (158 aa) |
| | BGAL5 | Beta-galactosidase 5. (732 aa) |
| | SBT3.3 | Subtilisin-like protease SBT3.3; Serine protease that plays a role in the control of the establishment of immune priming and systemic induced resistance. (777 aa) |
| | SBT3.5 | Subtilisin-like protease SBT3.5; Serine protease that cleaves the pectin methylesterase 17 (PME17) protein to release the PME17 mature form in the apoplasm. Belongs to the peptidase S8 family. (774 aa) |
| | F13M14.3 | HSP20-like chaperones superfamily protein; Belongs to the small heat shock protein (HSP20) family. (490 aa) |
| | ALDH10A8 | Betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase 1, chloroplastic. (501 aa) |
| | LTP2 | Non-specific lipid-transfer protein 2; Plant non-specific lipid-transfer proteins transfer phospholipids as well as galactolipids across membranes. May play a role in wax or cutin deposition in the cell walls of expanding epidermal cells and certain secretory tissues (By similarity). (118 aa) |
| | XYL1 | Alpha-xylosidase 1; Glycoside hydrolase releasing xylosyl residues from xyloglucan oligosaccharides at the non-reducing end. Has alpha- xylosidase activity against xylan oligosaccharides. Also has alpha- glucosidase activity against p-nitrophenyl-alpha-D-glucopyranoside. No activity against p-nitrophenyl-D-xyloside. Belongs to the glycosyl hydrolase 31 family. (915 aa) |
| | T5I8.16 | Berberine bridge enzyme-like 9; Belongs to the oxygen-dependent FAD-linked oxidoreductase family. (531 aa) |
| | T5I8.18 | Berberine bridge enzyme-like 11. (526 aa) |
| | PMEI4 | Pectinesterase inhibitor 4; Pectin methylesterase (PME) inhibitor that can target the root-expressed PME17, regulate de-methylesterification of pectins in roots and affects root growth; Belongs to the PMEI family. (199 aa) |
| | PER42 | Peroxidase 42; Removal of H(2)O(2), oxidation of toxic reductants, biosynthesis and degradation of lignin, suberization, auxin catabolism, response to environmental stresses such as wounding, pathogen attack and oxidative stress. These functions might be dependent on each isozyme/isoform in each plant tissue. (330 aa) |
| | BGAL12 | Beta-galactosidase 12. (728 aa) |
| | BGAL3 | Beta-galactosidase 3. (856 aa) |
| | BGAL1 | Beta-galactosidase 1. (847 aa) |
| | PER36 | Peroxidase 36; Removal of H(2)O(2), oxidation of toxic reductants, biosynthesis and degradation of lignin, suberization, auxin catabolism, response to environmental stresses such as wounding, pathogen attack and oxidative stress. These functions might be dependent on each isozyme/isoform in each plant tissue; Belongs to the peroxidase family. Classical plant (class III) peroxidase subfamily. (344 aa) |
| | PAE12 | Pectin acetylesterase 12; Hydrolyzes acetyl esters in homogalacturonan regions of pectin. In type I primary cell wall, galacturonic acid residues of pectin can be acetylated at the O-2 and O-3 positions. Decreasing the degree of acetylation of pectin gels in vitro alters their physical properties. (415 aa) |
| | BXL7 | Probable beta-D-xylosidase 7. (767 aa) |
| | CALS7 | Callose synthase 7; Involved in callose synthesis at the forming cell plate during cytokinesis. During plant growth and development, callose is found as a transitory component of the cell plate in dividing cells, is a major component of pollen mother cell walls and pollen tubes, and is found as a structural component of plasmodesmatal canals (By similarity). (1958 aa) |
| | DIR10 | Dirigent protein 10; Dirigent proteins impart stereoselectivity on the phenoxy radical-coupling reaction, yielding optically active lignans from two molecules of coniferyl alcohol in the biosynthesis of lignans, flavonolignans, and alkaloids and thus plays a central role in plant secondary metabolism (By similarity). Regulates suberin accumulation in roots. (447 aa) |
| | ACO3 | Aconitate hydratase 3, mitochondrial; Catalyzes the isomerization of citrate to isocitrate via cis- aconitate. Contributes to oxidative stress tolerance. Modulates cytosolic citrate metabolism during lipid mobilization. Required during seedling growth. Belongs to the aconitase/IPM isomerase family. (990 aa) |
| | CASP1 | Casparian strip membrane protein 1; Regulates membrane-cell wall junctions and localized cell wall deposition. Required for establishment of the Casparian strip membrane domain (CSD) and the subsequent formation of Casparian strips, a cell wall modification of the root endodermis that determines an apoplastic barrier between the intraorganismal apoplasm and the extraorganismal apoplasm and prevents lateral diffusion. (206 aa) |
| | PAP10-2 | Purple acid phosphatase 10; Belongs to the metallophosphoesterase superfamily. Purple acid phosphatase family. (468 aa) |
| | LAC5 | Laccase-5; Lignin degradation and detoxification of lignin-derived products. (580 aa) |
| | PER17 | Peroxidase 17; Removal of H(2)O(2), oxidation of toxic reductants, biosynthesis and degradation of lignin, suberization, auxin catabolism, response to environmental stresses such as wounding, pathogen attack and oxidative stress. These functions might be dependent on each isozyme/isoform in each plant tissue. (329 aa) |
| | EXPB1 | Expansin-B1; May cause loosening and extension of plant cell walls by disrupting non-covalent bonding between cellulose microfibrils and matrix glucans. No enzymatic activity has been found (By similarity). Belongs to the expansin family. Expansin B subfamily. (271 aa) |
| | ACBP1 | Acyl-CoA-binding domain-containing protein 1; Binds medium- and long-chain acyl-CoA esters with very high affinity. Can interact in vitro with arachidonyl-CoA, barely with oleoyl-CoA, but not with palmitoyl-CoA. Confers tolerance and binds to lead ions Pb(2+), probably by promoting lead translocation from roots to shoots. May function as an intracellular carrier of acyl-CoA esters (By similarity). (338 aa) |
| | PER34 | Peroxidase 34; Removal of H(2)O(2), oxidation of toxic reductants, biosynthesis and degradation of lignin, suberization, auxin catabolism, response to environmental stresses such as wounding, pathogen attack and oxidative stress. These functions might be dependent on each isozyme/isoform in each plant tissue; Belongs to the peroxidase family. Classical plant (class III) peroxidase subfamily. (353 aa) |
| | Sks14 | SKU5 similar 14. (549 aa) |
| | PAE5 | Pectin acetylesterase 5; Hydrolyzes acetyl esters in homogalacturonan regions of pectin. In type I primary cell wall, galacturonic acid residues of pectin can be acetylated at the O-2 and O-3 positions. Decreasing the degree of acetylation of pectin gels in vitro alters their physical properties; Belongs to the pectinacetylesterase family. (427 aa) |
| | PAE4 | Pectin acetylesterase 4; Hydrolyzes acetyl esters in homogalacturonan regions of pectin. In type I primary cell wall, galacturonic acid residues of pectin can be acetylated at the O-2 and O-3 positions. Decreasing the degree of acetylation of pectin gels in vitro alters their physical properties; Belongs to the pectinacetylesterase family. (409 aa) |
| | RGP1 | UDP-arabinopyranose mutase 1; UDP-L-arabinose mutase involved in the biosynthesis of cell wall non-cellulosic polysaccharides. Catalyzes the interconvertion of UDP-L-arabinopyranose (UDP-Arap) and UDP-L-arabinofuranose (UDP-Araf) in vitro. Preferentially catalyzes the formation of UDP-Arap from UDP- Araf. At thermodynamic equilibrium in vitro the ratio of the pyranose form over the furanose form is 95:5. Is not active on other UDP-sugars (UDP-Gal, UDP-Xyl, UDP-Glc, GDP-Man and GDP-Fuc). Functions redundantly with RGP2 and is essential for proper cell walls and pollen development. Proba [...] (357 aa) |
| | CEP2-2 | KDEL-tailed cysteine endopeptidase CEP2; Involved in the final stage of developmental programmed cell death and in intercalation of new cells. Cleaves extensins, thus probably supporting the final cell collapse. (361 aa) |
| | CEP3-2 | KDEL-tailed cysteine endopeptidase CEP3; Involved in the final stage of developmental programmed cell death and in intercalation of new cells. Cleaves extensins, thus probably supporting the final cell collapse. Belongs to the peptidase C1 family. (364 aa) |
| | T28D5.60 | Proline-rich extensin-like family protein. (350 aa) |
| | SKU5 | Monocopper oxidase-like protein SKU5; May be a monocopper oxidase of unknown specificity. Involved in directional growth processes, possibly by participating in cell wall expansion; Belongs to the multicopper oxidase family. (587 aa) |
| | FAD-OXR | Berberine bridge enzyme-like 22. (530 aa) |
| | EXLA2 | Expansin-like A2. (265 aa) |
| | F21C20.190 | Berberine bridge enzyme-like 21. (539 aa) |
| | F21C20.180 | Berberine bridge enzyme-like 19; Belongs to the oxygen-dependent FAD-linked oxidoreductase family. (570 aa) |
| | F21C20.170 | Berberine bridge enzyme-like 18. (532 aa) |
| | ANN1 | Annexin D1; Has a peroxidase activity. May act in counteracting oxidative stress. May also mediate regulated, targeted secretion of Golgi-derived vesicles during seedling development. (317 aa) |
| | LRX3 | Leucine-rich repeat extensin-like protein 3; Modulates cell morphogenesis by regulating cell wall formation and assembly, and/or growth polarization. (760 aa) |
| | F13F21.27 | Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor. (338 aa) |
| | F13O11.17 | F13O11.17 protein. (304 aa) |
| | XTH5 | Probable xyloglucan endotransglucosylase/hydrolase protein 5; Catalyzes xyloglucan endohydrolysis (XEH) and/or endotransglycosylation (XET). Cleaves and religates xyloglucan polymers, an essential constituent of the primary cell wall, and thereby participates in cell wall construction of growing tissues (By similarity); Belongs to the glycosyl hydrolase 16 family. XTH group 1 subfamily. (293 aa) |
| | MMDH1 | Malate dehydrogenase 1, mitochondrial; Catalyzes a reversible NAD-dependent dehydrogenase reaction involved in central metabolism and redox homeostasis between organelle compartments (Probable). Required for carbon dioxide and energy partitioning in leaves. May limit photorespiration during the dark phase. Its activity is essential to shuttle reductants out from the mitochondria to support the photorespiratory flux. Can convert 2-oxoglutarate to (S)-2-hydroxyglutarate in vitro. (341 aa) |
| | EXO | Protein EXORDIUM; Required for cell expansion in leaves. May mediate brassinosteroid (BR)-induced leaf growth. May play a role in the control of BR responses in roots. May be involved in signaling processes that coordinate BR responses with environmental or developmental signals; Belongs to the EXORDIUM family. (314 aa) |
| | AIM1 | Enoyl-CoA hydratase/3-2-trans-enoyl-CoA isomerase/3-hydroxybutyryl-CoA epimerase; Involved in peroxisomal fatty acid beta-oxidation. Required for wound-induced jasmonate biosynthesis. Possesses enoyl-CoA hydratase activity against short chain substrates (C4-C6) and 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase activity against chains of variable sizes (C6-C16). Possesses cinnamoyl-CoA hydratase activity and is involved in the peroxisomal beta-oxidation pathway for the biosynthesis of benzoic acid (BA). Required for the accumulation in seeds of benzoylated glucosinolates (BGs) and substituted hydroxy [...] (721 aa) |
| | CASP3 | Casparian strip membrane protein 3; Regulates membrane-cell wall junctions and localized cell wall deposition. Required for establishment of the Casparian strip membrane domain (CSD) and the subsequent formation of Casparian strips, a cell wall modification of the root endodermis that determines an apoplastic barrier between the intraorganismal apoplasm and the extraorganismal apoplasm and prevents lateral diffusion. (221 aa) |
| | TUFA-2 | Elongation factor Tu, mitochondrial; This protein promotes the GTP-dependent binding of aminoacyl- tRNA to the A-site of ribosomes during protein biosynthesis. Belongs to the TRAFAC class translation factor GTPase superfamily. Classic translation factor GTPase family. EF-Tu/EF-1A subfamily. (454 aa) |
| | LTP7 | Non-specific lipid-transfer protein 7; Plant non-specific lipid-transfer proteins transfer phospholipids as well as galactolipids across membranes. May play a role in wax or cutin deposition in the cell walls of expanding epidermal cells and certain secretory tissues (By similarity). (123 aa) |
| | ABCG2 | ABC transporter G family member 2. (755 aa) |
| | Sks12 | At1g55570/T5A14_1. (555 aa) |
