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| | TOC159 | Translocase of chloroplast 159, chloroplastic; GTPase involved in protein precursor import into chloroplasts. Seems to recognize chloroplast-destined precursor proteins and regulate their presentation to the translocation channel through GTP hydrolysis. Required for chloroplast biogenesis. Probably specialized in the import of nuclear encoded photosynthetic preproteins from the cytoplasm to the chloroplast. Belongs to the TRAFAC class TrmE-Era-EngA-EngB-Septin-like GTPase superfamily. AIG1/Toc34/Toc159-like paraseptin GTPase family. TOC159 subfamily. (1503 aa) |
| | FAX3 | Protein FATTY ACID EXPORT 3, chloroplastic; May be involved in free fatty acids export from the plastids. Belongs to the TMEM14 family. (335 aa) |
| | OEP161 | Outer envelope pore protein 16-1, chloroplastic; Voltage-dependent high-conductance channel with a slight cation-selectivity; selective for amino acids but excludes triosephosphates or uncharged sugars (By similarity). Non-essential amino acid-selective channel protein and translocation pore for NADPH:protochlorophyllide oxidoreductase A (PORA) and possibly PORB. Involved in PORA precursor (pPORA) import and thus confers photoprotection onto etiolated seedlings during greening. (148 aa) |
| | F5O8.8 | F5O8.8 protein. (263 aa) |
| | F5O8.12 | OBP32pep, putative (DUF220). (332 aa) |
| | F5O8.16 | Expressed protein. (270 aa) |
| | F5O8.19 | OBP32pep protein. (264 aa) |
| | F5O8.20 | F5O8.20 protein. (225 aa) |
| | F5O8.22 | OBP32pep protein, putative (DUF220). (264 aa) |
| | F5O8.24 | Expressed protein. (273 aa) |
| | KEA1 | K(+) efflux antiporter 1, chloroplastic; K(+)/H(+) antiporter involved in K(+) homeostasis and osmotic adjustment; Belongs to the monovalent cation:proton antiporter 2 (CPA2) transporter (TC 2.A.37) family. KEA (TC 2.A.37.1) subfamily. (1193 aa) |
| | TPT | Triose phosphate/phosphate translocator TPT, chloroplastic; Triose phosphate/phosphate translocator that transports inorganic phosphate, 3-phosphoglycerate (3-PGA) and triose phosphate. Functions in the export of photoassimilates from chloroplasts during the day. In the light, triose phosphates are exported from the chloroplast stroma in counter exchange with inorganic phosphate (Pi), generated during sucrose biosynthesis in the cytosol. Involved in photosynthetic acclimation, a light response resulting in increased tolerance to high-intensity light; Belongs to the TPT transporter fami [...] (410 aa) |
| | PDV2 | Plastid division protein PDV2; Component of the plastid division machinery. Required to mediate the recruitment of ARC5 at the midplastid constriction site in the cytoplasm. Relays plastid division site position between stroma and outer surface via interactions with the cytoplasmic ARC5 and the inner membrane ARC6 that recruits stromal FtsZ ring. (307 aa) |
| | PAM71-HL | Protein PAM71-homolog, chloroplastic; Probable chloroplast-localized Mn(2+)/H(+) and/or Ca(2+)/H(+) antiporter regulating Ca(2+), Mn(2+) and pH homeostasis. (359 aa) |
| | FAD4 | Fatty acid desaturase 4, chloroplastic; Fatty acid desaturase involved in the production of chloroplast-specific phosphatidylglycerol molecular species containing 16:1(3E). Catalyzes the formation of a trans double bond introduced close to the carboxyl group of palmitic acid, which is specifically esterified to the sn-2 glyceryl carbon of phosphatidylglycerol. (323 aa) |
| | VTE6 | Protein VTE6, chloroplastic; Phytyl-phosphate kinase catalyzing the conversion of phytyl- monophosphate to phytyl-diphosphate. Involved in the activation and reutilization of phytol from chlorophyll degradation in plant metabolism, including tocopherol biosynthesis. (333 aa) |
| | OEP7 | Outer envelope membrane protein 7. (64 aa) |
| | F4F15.340 | AT3g52230/F4F15_340. (145 aa) |
| | AZI1 | pEARLI1-like lipid transfer protein 1; Probable lipid transfer protein (LTP). Seems to control the flowering process and lignin synthesis. Together with DIR1, required for glycerol-3-phosphate- (G3P) and azelaic acid- (AA) induced systemic acquired resistance (SAR). Component of plant systemic immunity involved in priming defenses in a AA-dependent manner, by modulating production and/or translocation of a mobile signal(s) during SAR. Confers resistance to Botrytis cinerea and Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 and PmaDG3. May be involved in induced systemic resistance (ISR) mediat [...] (161 aa) |
| | T1P17.80 | pEARLI1-like lipid transfer protein 2; Probable lipid transfer protein (LTP). May improve freezing survival. Seems to control the flowering process and lignin synthesis. Confers resistance to Botrytis cinerea; Belongs to the plant LTP family. PEARLI1 subfamily. (182 aa) |
| | T1P17.90 | pEARLI1-like lipid transfer protein 3; Probable lipid transfer protein (LTP). May improve freezing survival. (177 aa) |
| | TOC75-3 | Protein TOC75-3, chloroplastic; Essential protein. Mediates the insertion of proteins targeted to the outer membrane of chloroplasts (By similarity). Required for the import of protein precursors into chloroplasts. Forms the voltage-dependent preprotein translocation channels (hydrophilic beta barrel) of the TOC complex in the chloroplastic outer membrane. (818 aa) |
| | MDH | Malate dehydrogenase, chloroplastic; Catalyzes a reversible NAD-dependent dehydrogenase reaction involved in central metabolism and redox homeostasis between organelle compartments (Probable). Plays a key role in the metabolism of dark chloroplasts and non-green plastids. Essential for embryo viability. Plays an essential role in heterotrophic metabolism in embryos, and autotrophic metabolism in photosynthetic tissues as well. (403 aa) |
| | TOC132 | Translocase of chloroplast 132, chloroplastic; GTPase involved in protein precursor import into chloroplasts. Seems to recognize chloroplast-destined precursor proteins and regulate their presentation to the translocation channel through GTP hydrolysis. Probably specialized in the import of nuclear encoded non-photosynthetic preproteins from the cytoplasm to the chloroplast. (1206 aa) |
| | THF1 | Protein THYLAKOID FORMATION 1, chloroplastic; Involved in a dynamic process of vesicle-mediated thylakoid membrane biogenesis. Required for the normal organization of vesicles into mature thylakoid stacks and ultimately for leaf development. Also involved in a sugar-signaling mechanism in roots by mediating signaling between the plasma membrane and the plastid. Probably acts downstream of the plasma membrane-delimited heterotrimeric G-protein GPA1 in a D- glucose signaling pathway; Belongs to the THF1 family. (300 aa) |
| | CHX21 | Cation/H(+) antiporter 21; Operates as a Na(+)/H(+) antiporter that plays a role in regulation of xylem Na(+) concentration and, consequently, Na(+) accumulation in the leaf. Required for pollen tube guidance, but not for normal pollen development. May also be involved in the development or function of the female gametophyte; Belongs to the monovalent cation:proton antiporter 2 (CPA2) transporter (TC 2.A.37) family. CHX (TC 2.A.37.4) subfamily. (832 aa) |
| | TIC55 | Protein TIC 55, chloroplastic; Involved in protein precursor import into chloroplasts. Part of the redox regulon consisting of TIC32, TIC 55 and TIC62. (539 aa) |
| | MGD3 | Monogalactosyldiacylglycerol synthase 3, chloroplastic; Involved in the synthesis of the major structural component of photosynthetic membranes and in the chloroplast envelope biogenesis. Can use both prokaryotic (18:1/16:0) or eukaryotic (18:2/18:2) 1,2- diacylglycerol species, but operates with some preference for the eukaryotic one. (465 aa) |
| | TIC21 | Protein TIC 21, chloroplastic; Involved in chloroplast protein import across the inner envelope membrane. Acts also as a chloroplast permease regulating the iron transport and homeostasis. Involved in the uptake and sequestration of iron in plastids. (296 aa) |
| | A0A178V9P2 | Nuclear transport factor 2 family protein. (132 aa) |
| | A0A1I9LNY2 | Serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 6 regulatory ankyrin repeat subunit C-like protein. (167 aa) |
| | A0A1P8B0A1 | Ycf1 domain protein. (254 aa) |
| | TIC32 | Short-chain dehydrogenase TIC 32, chloroplastic; Involved in protein precursor import into chloroplasts. Part of the redox regulon consisting of TIC32, TIC 55 and TIC62. Belongs to the short-chain dehydrogenases/reductases (SDR) family. (322 aa) |
| | B3H4L6_ARATH | Uncharacterized protein. (74 aa) |
| | OEP61 | Outer envelope protein 61; Plays a role in protein import into the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). May function as chaperone docking protein during post- translational protein translocation into the ER. Chaperone receptor mediating Hsp70-dependent protein targeting to chloroplasts. Interacts specifically with some chloroplast precursors, but not with mitochondrial precursors. Able to select precursors for delivery to the chloroplast translocase independently of Hsp70. (554 aa) |
| | RE | Protein RETICULATA, chloroplastic; May play a role in leaf development. Required for leaf mesophyll cell division in the early stages of leaf organogenesis. Acts in a developmental pathway that involves PPT1/CUE1 but does not include ASE2/DOV1 ; Belongs to the RETICULATA family. (432 aa) |
| | SAMC2 | Probable S-adenosylmethionine carrier 2, chloroplastic; Probable S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) transporter able to catalyze both uniport and exchange reactions through membranes. (345 aa) |
| | COR413IM2 | Cold-regulated 413 inner membrane protein 2, chloroplastic. (226 aa) |
| | F24J13.5 | OBP32pep, putative (DUF220). (338 aa) |
| | F28C11.14 | OBP32pep protein. (192 aa) |
| | F28C11.28 | Uncharacterized protein. (216 aa) |
| | F28C11.24 | Uncharacterized protein. (78 aa) |
| | F28C11.23 | Uncharacterized protein. (264 aa) |
| | F4I765_ARATH | HIT-type Zinc finger family protein. (644 aa) |
| | F1I21.17 | Nucleotide-sugar transporter family protein. (93 aa) |
| | RBL10 | RHOMBOID-like protein 10, chloroplastic; Rhomboid-type serine protease that catalyzes intramembrane proteolysis. Required for correct root growth, floral development, fertility and photoprotection. May be involved in TIC22 processing during its import and in AOS accumulation in the chloroplast membrane ; Belongs to the peptidase S54 family. (343 aa) |
| | F15K20.23 | Uncharacterized protein. (293 aa) |
| | TIC236 | Protein TIC236, chloroplastic; Part of the inner chloroplast membrane translocon complex (TIC) which associates with the outer chloroplast membrane translocon complex (TOC) and forms a supercomplex involved in protein precursor import into the chloroplast stroma. Required for the import of HSP93, TIC40 and RBCS protein precursors in the chloroplast stroma. Links the outer and inner membrane translocons of the chloroplast envelope. Belongs to the TamB family. (2166 aa) |
| | F13E7.15 | Low-density receptor-like protein. (168 aa) |
| | F4J0F6_ARATH | Serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 6 regulatory ankyrin repeat subunit. (492 aa) |
| | FTSHI5 | Probable inactive ATP-dependent zinc metalloprotease FTSHI 5, chloroplastic; Required for plastid development during embryogenesis. Might be involved in chaperone functions or play a structural role in the thylakoid FtsH complex (Probable). In the N-terminal section; belongs to the AAA ATPase family. (1320 aa) |
| | F4J8X6_ARATH | annotation not available (587 aa) |
| | T4C21.1 | Cytochrome P450 family protein. (404 aa) |
| | F4JED3_ARATH | RNA-binding (RRM-RBD-RNP motif) domain nuclear transport factor 2 family protein. (677 aa) |
| | P36 | Outer envelope protein 36, chloroplastic; May play a role during plastid development. Belongs to the OEP80 (TC 1.B.33.2) family. (321 aa) |
| | F16G20.120 | NAD(P)-binding Rossmann-fold superfamily protein. (333 aa) |
| | T14C9.180 | Rhomboid-related intramembrane serine protease family protein. (287 aa) |
| | PTM | DDT domain-containing protein PTM; Membrane-bound transcription factor required for the plastid- to-nucleus retrograde signaling. Functions in multiple retrograde pathways. The plastid-to-nucleus signal plays an important role in the coordinated expression of both nuclear- and chloroplast-localized genes that encode photosynthesis-related proteins. In the nucleus, activates ABI4 transcription in a PHD-dependent manner associated with histone modifications. Localized primarily in the chloroplast outer membrane as dormant form and, in response to retrograde signals, is released from the [...] (1706 aa) |
| | FTSHI4 | Probable inactive ATP-dependent zinc metalloprotease FTSHI 4, chloroplastic; Functions in chloroplast biogenesis and chloroplast division. Required for plastid development during embryogenesis. Might be involved in chaperone functions or play a structural role in the thylakoid FtsH complex. (855 aa) |
| | F4KH13_ARATH | Maltose excess-like protein. (261 aa) |
| | FAD4L1 | Fatty acid desaturase 4-like 1, chloroplastic; Fatty acid desaturase involved in the production of chloroplast-specific phosphatidylglycerol molecular species. Catalyzes the formation of a trans double bond introduced close to the carboxyl group of palmitic acid, which is specifically esterified to the sn-2 glyceryl carbon of phosphatidylglycerol (By similarity). (295 aa) |
| | NDT1 | Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide transporter 1, chloroplastic; Mediates the NAD(+) import into chloroplast. Favors the NAD(+)(in)/ADP or AMP(out) antiport exchange, but is also able to catalyze a low unidirectional transport (uniport) of NAD(+). Transports NAD(+), nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide, nicotinamide mononucleotide, nicotinic acid mononucleotide, FAD, FMN, TTP, TDP, TMP, UTP, UDP, UMP, CTP, CDP, CMP, GTP, GDP, GMP, 3'-AMP, ATP, ADP, AND AMP, has low transport activity with cAMP, pyrophosphate, NADH and alpha- NAD(+), and has no activity with NADP(+), NADPH, nicotinamide, [...] (312 aa) |
| | PXG3 | Probable peroxygenase 3; Probable calcium-binding peroxygenase. May be involved in the degradation of storage lipid in oil bodies, in abiotic stress-related signaling pathway and in drought tolerance through stomatal control under water deficit conditions. (236 aa) |
| | FTSHI1 | Probable inactive ATP-dependent zinc metalloprotease FTSHI 1, chloroplastic; Functions in chloroplast biogenesis and chloroplast division. Required for plastid development during embryogenesis. Might be involved in chaperone functions or play a structural role in the thylakoid FtsH complex. In the N-terminal section; belongs to the AAA ATPase family. (946 aa) |
| | ARASP2 | Probable membrane metalloprotease ARASP2, chloroplastic; Metalloprotease essential for chloroplast and plant development. May be involved in regulated intramembrane proteolysis (RIP); Belongs to the peptidase M50A family. (441 aa) |
| | TOC33 | Translocase of chloroplast 33, chloroplastic; GTPase involved in protein precursor import into chloroplasts. Seems to recognize chloroplast-destined precursor proteins and regulate their presentation to the translocation channel through GTP hydrolysis. Binds GTP, GDP, XTP, but not ATP. Probably specialized in the import of nuclear encoded photosynthetic preproteins from the cytoplasm to the chloroplast, especially during early development stages. (297 aa) |
| | ACHT4 | Thioredoxin-like 1-1, chloroplastic; Thiol-disulfide oxidoreductase that may participate in various redox reactions. Possesses insulin disulfide bonds reducing activity. (275 aa) |
| | OEP37 | Outer envelope pore protein 37, chloroplastic; Voltage-dependent peptide-sensitive high conductance rectifying cation channel with a strong affinity for TIC32 that is imported into the chloroplast. Conductance is pH-dependent decreasing with decreasing pH values; Belongs to the plastid outer envelope porin OEP37 (TC 1.B.47) family. (343 aa) |
| | VIPP1 | Membrane-associated protein VIPP1, chloroplastic; Required for plastid vesicle formation and thylakoid membrane biogenesis, but not for functional assembly of thylakoid protein complexes; Belongs to the PspA/IM30 family. (330 aa) |
| | ARASP | Membrane metalloprotease ARASP, chloroplastic; Metalloprotease essential for chloroplast and plant development. May be involved in regulated intramembrane proteolysis (RIP); Belongs to the peptidase M50A family. (447 aa) |
| | FAD4L2 | Fatty acid desaturase 4-like 2, chloroplastic; Fatty acid desaturase involved in the production of chloroplast-specific phosphatidylglycerol molecular species. Catalyzes the formation of a trans double bond introduced close to the carboxyl group of palmitic acid, which is specifically esterified to the sn-2 glyceryl carbon of phosphatidylglycerol (By similarity). (279 aa) |
| | MGD1 | Monogalactosyldiacylglycerol synthase 1, chloroplastic; Involved in the synthesis of the major structural component of photosynthetic membranes. Required for proper thylakoid membrane biogenesis. Does not discriminate between prokaryotic (18:1/16:0) or eukaryotic (18:2/18:2) 1,2-diacylglycerol species, but operates with some preference for the prokaryotic one. Belongs to the glycosyltransferase 28 family. (533 aa) |
| | TSPO | Translocator protein homolog; Stress-induced membrane protein that can bind heme and may play a role in the transport of tetrapyrrole intermediates during salt stress and contribute to the detoxification of highly reactive porphyrins in the cytoplasm. Belongs to the TspO/BZRP family. (196 aa) |
| | TIC20-II | Protein TIC 20-II, chloroplastic; May be involved in protein precursor import into chloroplasts. Not redundant with TIC20-I, TIC20-IV or TIC20-V; Belongs to the Tic20 family. (208 aa) |
| | MGD2 | Monogalactosyldiacylglycerol synthase 2, chloroplastic; Involved in the synthesis of the major structural component of photosynthetic membranes and in the chloroplast envelope biogenesis. Can use both prokaryotic (18:1/16:0) or eukaryotic (18:2/18:2) 1,2- diacylglycerol species, but operates with some preference for the eukaryotic one; Belongs to the glycosyltransferase 28 family. (468 aa) |
| | PORB | Protochlorophyllide reductase B, chloroplastic; Phototransformation of protochlorophyllide (Pchlide) to chlorophyllide (Chlide); Belongs to the short-chain dehydrogenases/reductases (SDR) family. POR subfamily. (401 aa) |
| | FSD1 | Superoxide dismutase [Fe] 1, chloroplastic; Destroys superoxide anion radicals which are normally produced within the cells and which are toxic to biological systems. (212 aa) |
| | GAPA1 | Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase GAPA1, chloroplastic; Involved in the photosynthetic reductive pentose phosphate pathway (Calvin-Benson cycle). Catalyzes the reduction of 1,3- diphosphoglycerate by NADPH (By similarity). (396 aa) |
| | TIC214 | Protein TIC 214; Involved in protein precursor import into chloroplasts. May be part of an intermediate translocation complex acting as a protein- conducting channel at the inner envelope. Belongs to the TIC214 family. (1786 aa) |
| | M370_ARATH | Uncharacterized mitochondrial protein AtMg00370; Belongs to the ycf1 family. (199 aa) |
| | OEP162 | Outer envelope pore protein 16-2, chloroplastic; Voltage-dependent high-conductance channel with a slight cation-selectivity; selective for amino acids but excludes triosephosphates or uncharged sugars (By similarity). Non-essential amino acid-selective channel protein and translocation pore for NADPH:protochlorophyllide oxidoreductase A (PORA) and possibly PORB. (178 aa) |
| | OEP24A | Outer envelope pore protein 24A, chloroplastic; High-conductance voltage-dependent solute channel with a slight selectivity for cations transporting triosephosphates, dicarboxylic acids, ATP, inorganic phosphate (Pi), sugars, and positively or negatively charged amino acids; Belongs to the plastid outer envelope porin OEP24 (TC 1.B.28) family. (213 aa) |
| | FZL | Probable transmembrane GTPase FZO-like, chloroplastic; Probable membrane-remodeling GTPase that plays a unique role in the in the determination of thylakoid and chloroplast morphology and regulates organization of the thylakoid network. Not involved in the determination of mitochondrial morphology or ultrastructure. Belongs to the TRAFAC class dynamin-like GTPase superfamily. Dynamin/Fzo/YdjA family. Mitofusin subfamily. (912 aa) |
| | F28C11.29 | Uncharacterized protein. (217 aa) |
| | F28C11.33 | Uncharacterized protein. (263 aa) |
| | AKR2B | Ankyrin repeat domain-containing protein 2B; Exhibits chaperone activity toward chloroplast outer envelope membrane, mitochondrion outer membrane, endoplasmic reticulum membrane and peroxisomal proteins, by recruiting specific proteins containing a single transmembrane associated with an AKR2A-binding sequence (ABS) and subsequently binding glycolipids (e.g. monogalactosyldiacylglycerol (MGDG) and phosphatidylglycerol (PG)) present in the membrane of the target organelle. (344 aa) |
| | ACA1-2 | Calcium-transporting ATPase 1; This magnesium-dependent enzyme catalyzes the hydrolysis of ATP coupled with the translocation of calcium from the cytosol out of the cell or into organelles. (1020 aa) |
| | TOC34 | Translocase of chloroplast 34, chloroplastic; GTPase involved in protein precursor import into chloroplasts. Seems to recognize chloroplast-destined precursor proteins and regulate their presentation to the translocation channel through GTP hydrolysis. Probably specialized in the import of nuclear encoded non-photosynthetic preproteins from the cytoplasm to the chloroplast. (313 aa) |
| | EARLI1 | Lipid transfer protein EARLI 1; Probable lipid transfer protein (LTP). May improve freezing survival. Seems to control the flowering process and lignin synthesis. Has an auxiliary role for germinability and early seedling development under low temperature and salt stress conditions, probably in an abscisic acid- (ABA) dependent manner. Confers resistance to Botrytis cinerea and exhibits anti-fungal activity, at least against S.cerevisiae, B. cinerea and Fusarium oxysporum, probably by increasing their membrane permeability. Belongs to the plant LTP family. PEARLI1 subfamily. (168 aa) |
| | TOC75-4 | Protein TOC75-4, chloroplastic; Mediates the insertion of proteins targeted to the outer membrane of chloroplasts. Required for the import of protein precursors into chloroplasts. Forms the voltage-dependent preprotein translocation channels (hydrophilic beta barrel) of the TOC complex in the chloroplastic outer membrane (By similarity). Required for etioplast formation and/or etioplast-chloroplast transition during deetiolation. (396 aa) |
| | T20D1.20 | Tryptophan/tyrosine permease. (505 aa) |
| | P39 | Outer envelope protein 39, chloroplastic; Beta-barrel pore-forming protein which possesses voltage- dependent channel activity. Required for proper plastid development. Involved in the maintenance of metabolic homeostasis of full-grown plants. Belongs to the OEP80 (TC 1.B.33.2) family. (362 aa) |
| | FOLK | Farnesol kinase, chloroplastic; Kinase involved in negative regulation of abscisic acid (ABA) signaling. Substrate preferrence is farnesol > geraniol > geranylgeraniol, but has no activity with farnesyl phosphate. Can use CTP > ATP > GTP = UTP as phosphoryl donor. (307 aa) |
| | ARC3 | Protein ACCUMULATION AND REPLICATION OF CHLOROPLASTS 3; Z-ring accessory protein involved in the initiation of plastid division and division site placement (might functionally replace bacterial MinC). May control the rate of chloroplast expansion. Seems to influence stromule (stroma-filled tubular extensions of the plastid envelope membrane) length and frequency. (741 aa) |
| | OEP21A | Outer envelope pore protein 21A, chloroplastic; Voltage-dependent rectifying anion channel that facilitates the translocation between chloroplast and cytoplasm of phosphorylated carbohydrates such as triosephosphate, 3-phosphoglycerate and inorganic phosphate (Pi) depending of ATP to triosephosphate ratio in the plastidial intermembrane space; in high triosephosphate/ATP conditions (e.g. photosynthesis), export of triosphosphate from chloroplast (outward rectifying channels), but in high ATP/triosephosphate conditions (e.g. dark phase), import of phosphosolutes (inward rectifying chann [...] (167 aa) |
| | TOC90 | Translocase of chloroplast 90, chloroplastic; GTPase involved in protein precursor import into chloroplasts. Seems to recognize chloroplast-destined precursor proteins and regulate their presentation to the translocation channel through GTP hydrolysis. Probably specialized in the import of nuclear encoded photosynthetic preproteins from the cytoplasm to the chloroplast. (793 aa) |
| | TIC56 | Protein TIC 56, chloroplastic; Involved in protein precursor import into chloroplasts. May be part of an intermediate translocation complex acting as a protein- conducting channel at the inner envelope. (527 aa) |
| | K15N18.17 | Putative NTF2-containing RNA-binding protein. (458 aa) |
| | RBL11 | Rhomboid-like protein 11, chloroplastic; Rhomboid-type serine protease that catalyzes intramembrane proteolysis. May be involved in TIC22 processing during its import. Belongs to the peptidase S54 family. (280 aa) |
| | Q84MC3_ARATH | Integral membrane HPP family protein. (252 aa) |
| | ARC5 | Dynamin-like protein ARC5; Probable GTPase component of both plastid and peroxisme division machinery. Required for the last steps of plastid division specifically in mesophyll-cell, when the narrow isthmus breaks, facilitating the separation of the daughter plastids. Necessary for peroxisome activities. Seems to influence stromule (stroma-filled tubular extensions of the plastid envelope membrane) length and frequency. Belongs to the TRAFAC class dynamin-like GTPase superfamily. Dynamin/Fzo/YdjA family. (777 aa) |
| | MCD1 | Protein MULTIPLE CHLOROPLAST DIVISION SITE 1; Required for chloroplast division. Regulates FtsZ ring positioning in chloroplasts. Determines the site of chloroplast division in concert with MIND1. Not directly involved in ring formation, but probably required for MIND1 localization to regulate FtsZ ring formation. (349 aa) |
| | PHT4;4 | Ascorbate transporter, chloroplastic; Inorganic phosphate and probable anion transporter. Ascorbate transporter bridging the chloroplast envelope. Transports ascorbate from the cytosol into the chloroplast. Requires chloride ions and the presence of an electrochemical potential across the membrane for activity. Belongs to the major facilitator superfamily. Sodium/anion cotransporter (TC 2.A.1.14) family. (541 aa) |
| | LPAT1 | 1-acyl-sn-glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase LPAT1, chloroplastic; Plastidial enzyme of the prokaryotic glycerol-3-phosphate pathway that converts lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) into phosphatidic acid by incorporating an acyl moiety at position sn-2. Utilizes palmitoyl-ACP (16:0-ACP) to produce phosphatidic acid containing a saturated group at position sn-2, which is characteristic of lipids synthesized by the prokaryotic pathway. In vitro, can use 16:0-CoA as acyl donor. Essential for embryo development during the transition from the globular to the heart stage when chloroplasts begin [...] (356 aa) |
| | T4M8.14 | Ankyrin repeat family protein. (240 aa) |
| | MQB2.4 | Integral membrane HPP family protein. (243 aa) |
| | TIC20-I | Protein TIC 20-I, chloroplastic; Involved in protein precursor import into chloroplasts. May be part of an intermediate translocation complex acting as a protein- conducting channel at the inner envelope. Seems to be specific for photosynthesis-related pre-proteins. Partially redundant with TIC20-IV, but not with TIC20-II or TIC20-V. (274 aa) |
| | PPT2 | Phosphoenolpyruvate/phosphate translocator 2, chloroplastic; Phosphoenolpyruvate/phosphate translocator that transports phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP), 2-phosphoglycerate and 3-phosphoglycerate. (383 aa) |
| | TIC62 | Protein TIC 62, chloroplastic; Involved in protein precursor import into chloroplasts. Part of the redox regulon consisting of TIC32, TIC 55 and TIC62. Acts as a membrane anchor of LFNR1 and LFNR2. Has a NADPH-dependent dehydrogenase activity, but only after preincubation with lipids (By similarity). (641 aa) |
| | MTG13.11 | Low-density receptor-like protein. (168 aa) |
| | OEP24B | Outer envelope pore protein 24B, chloroplastic; High-conductance voltage-dependent solute channel with a slight selectivity for cations transporting triosephosphates, dicarboxylic acids, ATP, inorganic phosphate (Pi), sugars, and positively or negatively charged amino acids. (213 aa) |
| | ABCI10 | ABC transporter I family member 10; Belongs to the ABC transporter superfamily. ABCI family. (271 aa) |
| | TGD1 | Protein TRIGALACTOSYLDIACYLGLYCEROL 1, chloroplastic; Required during embryogenesis. Permease involved in lipid transfer from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to plastids, and necessary for thylakoids formation. (350 aa) |
| | OBGL | GTP-binding protein OBGC, chloroplastic; GTP-binding protein involved in membrane biogenesis and protein synthesis in chloroplast. Functions in the biogenesis of thylakoid membrane and plastid ribosome during chloroplast development. May be involved in the vesicular traffic between the chloroplast inner envelope membrane and thylakoids. Possesses GTPase activity in vitro. (681 aa) |
| | SP1 | E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase SP1; E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase involved in the regulation of protein import in the chloroplast. Associates with TOC complexes and mediates ubiquitination of TOC components, promoting their degradation via the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS). Plays a role in the reorganization of the TOC machinery. Involved in a mechanism that regulates plastid biogenesis via UPS. Promotes stress tolerance by depleting the chloroplast protein import apparatus, which limits photosystem assembly and the potential for reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation. May act as negat [...] (343 aa) |
| | ABCI11 | ABC transporter I family member 11, chloroplastic. (278 aa) |
| | FAX4 | Protein FATTY ACID EXPORT 4, chloroplastic; May be involved in free fatty acids export from the plastids. (177 aa) |
| | TIC100 | Protein TIC 100; Involved in protein precursor import into chloroplasts. May be part of an intermediate translocation complex acting as a protein- conducting channel at the inner envelope. Plays an important role during embryogenesis and chloroplast biogenesis. (871 aa) |
| | TIC110 | Protein TIC110, chloroplastic; Involved in protein precursor import into chloroplasts. Forms a voltage-dependent cation-selective channel at the inner envelope of chloroplasts, which specifically responds to a transit peptide. Associates with both the precursor and mature forms of the preprotein. (1016 aa) |
| | HCF107 | Protein high chlorophyll fluorescent 107; Involved, directly or indirectly, in the processing of chloroplast encoded mRNAs. Exhibits sequence-specific RNA binding and RNA remodeling activities, probably leading to the activation of translation of the target gene cluster psbB-psbT-psbH-petB-petD. Blocks 5'-3' and 3'-5' exoribonucleases (e.g. polynucleotide phosphorylase (PNPase), RNase R) in vitro. Necessary for intercistronic RNA processing of the psbH 5' untranslated region or the stabilization of 5' processed psbH RNAs. Also required for the synthesis of psbB. (652 aa) |
| | F10M6.110 | Protein kinase superfamily protein. (611 aa) |
| | PPT1 | Phosphoenolpyruvate/phosphate translocator 1, chloroplastic; Phosphoenolpyruvate/phosphate translocator that transports phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP), 2-phosphoglycerate, 3-phosphoglycerate and dihydroxyacetone phosphate. Imports PEP to the chloroplast stroma as one substrate of the shikimate pathway, from which aromatic amino acids and a variety of secondary products derive. Required for correct leaf mesophyll cell development and expression of chlorophyll a/b binding protein 3 (CAB3). Belongs to the TPT transporter family. PPT (TC 2.A.7.9) subfamily. (408 aa) |
| | F6I18.50 | CemA-like proton extrusion protein-like protein. (438 aa) |
| | CHX23 | Cation/H(+) antiporter 23, chloroplastic; Operates as a K(+)/H(+) antiporter or Na(+)/H(+) antiporter of the chloroplast envelope that functions in pH homeostasis and chloroplast development. Monovalent cation transporter with a preference for Cs(+), K(+) and Rb(+) relative to Na(+) or Li(+). Required for pollen tube guidance, but not for normal pollen development. May also be involved in the development or function of the female gametophyte. (867 aa) |
| | ORLIKE | Protein ORANGE-LIKE, chloroplastic; May be associated with accumulation of carotenoids in chromoplasts; Belongs to the orange-like family. (315 aa) |
| | AAE14 | 2-succinylbenzoate--CoA ligase, chloroplastic/peroxisomal; Involved in the biosynthesis of phylloquinone (vitamin K1). Converts 2-succinylbenzoate (OSB) to 2-succinylbenzoyl-CoA (OSB-CoA). (560 aa) |
| | DGD2 | Digalactosyldiacylglycerol synthase 2, chloroplastic; Involved in the synthesis of diacylglycerol galactolipids that are specifically found in thylakoid membranes. Specific for alpha- glycosidic linkages. During phosphate shortage, involved in the biosynthesis of digalactosyldiacylglycerol (DGDG) which rescues the limitation of phospholipids (Probable); Belongs to the glycosyltransferase group 1 family. Glycosyltransferase 4 subfamily. (473 aa) |
| | HCF173 | Protein HIGH CHLOROPHYLL FLUORESCENCE PHENOTYPE 173, chloroplastic; Auxiliary factor required, together with HCF244, for the biogenesis of photosystem II (PSII), especially for the synthesis of the reaction center proteins (e.g. D1), via the regulation of the corresponding mRNA (e.g. psbA) translation initiation (ribosomal loading) and stabilization; Belongs to the NmrA-type oxidoreductase family. (598 aa) |
| | FAX1 | Protein FATTY ACID EXPORT 1, chloroplastic; Mediates the export of free fatty acid from the plastids. Potentially prefers palmitic acid (C16:0) over oleic acid (C18:1) and stearic acid (C18:0). Not involved in fatty acid activation. Required for biogenesis of the outer pollen cell wall, in particular for the assembly of exine and pollen coat and for the release of ketone wax components. (226 aa) |
| | MXC17.8 | Plant/protein, putative (DUF3411). (521 aa) |
| | CJD1 | Chloroplast J-like domain 1. (294 aa) |
| | SFR2 | Galactolipid galactosyltransferase SFR2, chloroplastic; Glycosyl hydrolase family protein acting primarily as a highly specific galactosyltransferase. Synthesizes digalactosyldiacylglycerol from monogalactosyldiacylglycerol in the absence of UDP-galactose in vitro. Hydrolyzes o- and p-nitrophenyl beta-D-glucoside in vitro. Plays a role in freezing tolerance. May play a role in chloroplast protection. (622 aa) |
| | KO | Ent-kaurene oxidase, chloroplastic; Catalyzes three successive oxidations of the 4-methyl group of ent-kaurene giving kaurenoic acid, a key step in gibberellins (GAs) biosynthesis. GAs, which are involved many processes, including stem elongation, play a central role in plant development. (509 aa) |
| | SAMC1 | S-adenosylmethionine carrier 1, chloroplastic/mitochondrial; Transporter involved in exchange reactions through membranes. Has a low uniporter activity. Specifically mediates the transport of S- adenosylmethionine (SAM) and its closest analogs. Probably involved in the uptake of SAM in exchange for S-adenosylhomocysteine (SAHC), which is produced from SAM in the mitochondrial matrix and plastidial stroma by methyltransferase activities; Belongs to the mitochondrial carrier (TC 2.A.29) family. (325 aa) |
| | COR413IM1 | Cold-regulated 413 inner membrane protein 1, chloroplastic; Belongs to the Cold-regulated 413 protein family. (225 aa) |
| | MET1 | Protein MET1, chloroplastic; Involved in photosystem II supercomplex formation and repair, probably acting as a psbB/psbC chaperone on the stromal side of the membrane. (335 aa) |
| | Q94C78_ARATH | DnaJ (DUF3353). (278 aa) |
| | RER4 | Protein RETICULATA-RELATED 4, chloroplastic; May play a role in leaf development. (386 aa) |
| | TIM22-2 | Chloroplastic import inner membrane translocase subunit TIM22-2; Together with HP30-1 and HP30-2, triggers the import and insertion of transit sequence-less multi-pass transmembrane proteins (e.g. CEQORH) into the chloroplastic inner membrane. Belongs to the Tim17/Tim22/Tim23 family. (210 aa) |
| | VTE1 | Tocopherol cyclase, chloroplastic; Involved in the synthesis of both tocopherols and tocotrienols (vitamin E), which presumably protect photosynthetic complexes from oxidative stress. Catalyzes the conversion of 2-methyl- 6-phytyl-1,4-hydroquinone and 2,3-dimethyl-5-phytyl-1,4-hydroquinone (DMPQ) to delta- and gamma-tocopherol respectively. Converts also 2,3- dimethyl-5-geranylgeranyl-1,4-hydroquinone (DMGQ) to gamma-tocotrienol. (488 aa) |
| | TIC | Protein TIME FOR COFFEE; Regulator of normal clock function. Acts in the mid to late night. Contributes to the amplitude of circadian clocks. May act on the transcriptional induction of LATE ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL (LHY). Inhibits MYC2 protein accumulation, acting as a negative factor in the JA- signaling pathway. (1550 aa) |
| | CAT9 | Cationic amino acid transporter 9, chloroplastic; Permease involved in the transport of the cationic amino acids. (569 aa) |
| | OEP80 | Outer envelope protein 80, chloroplastic; Plays an essential role during early stages of plastid development; Belongs to the OEP80 (TC 1.B.33.2) family. (732 aa) |
| | F13A11.2 | Inner membrane localized protein. (168 aa) |
| | RER2 | Protein RETICULATA-RELATED 2, chloroplastic; May play a role in leaf development. Belongs to the RETICULATA family. (339 aa) |
| | CB5-A | Cytochrome b5 isoform A; Belongs to the cytochrome b5 family. (135 aa) |
| | RER1 | Protein RETICULATA-RELATED 1, chloroplastic; May play a role in leaf development. Belongs to the RETICULATA family. (433 aa) |
| | CRL | Chromophore lyase CRL, chloroplastic; Covalently attaches a chromophore to Cys residue(s) of phycobiliproteins (By similarity). Required for plastid division, and involved in cell differentiation and regulation of the cell division plane. Maintenance of plastid homeostasis controls plant preconditioning to stress and stress acclimation. Belongs to the CpcT/CpeT biliprotein lyase family. (269 aa) |
| | CLPC1 | Chaperone protein ClpC1, chloroplastic; Molecular chaperone that hydrolyzes ATP and is associated with the chloroplast protein import apparatus. May function as the motor for chloroplast protein translocation, as translocation requires ATP hydrolysis in the stroma. May interact with a ClpP-like protease involved in degradation of denatured proteins in the chloroplast. Involved in the regulation of chlorophyll b biosynthesis through the destabilization of chlorophyllide a oxygenase (CAO) protein in response to the accumulation of chlorophyll b. Involved in leaf iron homeostasis. Belongs [...] (929 aa) |
| | ARC6 | Protein ACCUMULATION AND REPLICATION OF CHLOROPLASTS 6, chloroplastic; Component of the plastid division machinery. Involved in the initiation of proplastid and plastid division (including chloroplasts, statoliths and leukoplasts). Promotes the assembly and/or stabilization of the plastid-dividing FtsZ ring, functioning as an antagonistic regulator of FtsZ dynamics against CDP1. Relays plastid division site position between stroma and outer surface via interactions with the stromal FtsZ ring and the outer membrane PDV2 that recruits cytoplasmic ARC5 ring. Required for plastid equatoria [...] (801 aa) |
| | PDV1 | Plastid division protein PDV1; Component of the plastid division machinery. Required to mediate the recruitment of ARC5 at the midplastid constriction site in the cytoplasm. (272 aa) |
| | HP30-2 | Chloroplastic import inner membrane translocase subunit HP30-2; Together with HP30-1 and HP20, triggers the import and insertion of transit sequence-less multi-pass transmembrane proteins (e.g. CEQORH) into the chloroplastic inner membrane. Belongs to the Tim17/Tim22/Tim23 family. (259 aa) |
| | TIC40 | Protein TIC 40, chloroplastic; Involved in protein precursor import into chloroplasts. Part of the motor complex consisting of a co-chaperone (TIC40) and a chaperone (HSP93) associated with the import channel (TIC110). Causes the release of bound transit peptides from TIC110 and stimulates ATP hydrolysis by HSP93. Involved in reinsertion of proteins from the chloroplast stroma into the inner membrane. (447 aa) |
| | CPP1 | Protein CHAPERONE-LIKE PROTEIN OF POR1, chloroplastic; Essential protein required during embryogenesis. Exhibits holdase chaperone activity involved in the stabilization of NADPH:protochlorophyllide oxidoreductase (POR) proteins against photooxidative stress during POR proteins import into chloroplasts. Required for chloroplast biogenesis and development. When expressed in yeast, triggers mitochondria-mediated cell death associated with the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential. (258 aa) |
| | MSH12.19 | Uncharacterized protein family (UPF0114). (262 aa) |
| | CHLH | Magnesium-chelatase subunit ChlH, chloroplastic; Multifunctional protein involved in chlorophyll synthesis, plastid-to-nucleus retrograde signaling and abscisic acid (ABA) perception. In chlorophyll synthesis, catalyzes the insertion of magnesium ion into protoporphyrin IX to yield Mg-protoporphyrin IX. The reaction takes place in two steps, with an ATP-dependent activation followed by an ATP-dependent chelation step. In addition to its function in the Mg-chelatase enzyme, is required for the plastid-to- nucleus retrograde signaling. The plastid-to-nucleus signal plays an important rol [...] (1381 aa) |
| | OEP21B | Outer envelope pore protein 21B, chloroplastic; Voltage-dependent rectifying anion channel that facilitates the translocation between chloroplast and cytoplasm of phosphorylated carbohydrates such as triosephosphate, 3-phosphoglycerate and inorganic phosphate (Pi) depending of ATP to triosephosphate ratio in the plastidial intermembrane space; in high triosephosphate/ATP conditions (e.g. photosynthesis), export of triosphosphate from chloroplast (outward rectifying channels), but in high ATP/triosephosphate conditions (e.g. dark phase), import of phosphosolutes (inward rectifying chann [...] (167 aa) |
| | PLGG1 | Plastidal glycolate/glycerate translocator 1, chloroplastic; Glycolate/glycerate transporter required for photorespiration; Belongs to the CidB/LrgB family. (512 aa) |
| | PAO | Pheophorbide a oxygenase, chloroplastic; Catalyzes the key reaction of chlorophyll catabolism, porphyrin macrocycle cleavage of pheophorbide a (pheide a) to a primary fluorescent catabolite (pFCC). Works in a two-step reaction with red chlorophyll catabolite reductase (RCCR). Creates the intermediate RCC through the opening of the porphyrin macrocycle by the introduction of one atom of molecular oxygen at the alpha-methine bridge. Seems to be specific for pheide a. Belongs to the chlorophyll catabolic enzymes (CCEs). (537 aa) |
| | F23O10.17 | Putative RNA-binding protein; 63745-61607. (427 aa) |
| | MEX1 | Maltose excess protein 1, chloroplastic; Probable maltose transporter. Essential for the conversion of starch to sucrose in leaves at night, probably via the export of maltose from the chloroplast. Required for root cap cells formation. (415 aa) |
| | CHUP1 | Protein CHUP1, chloroplastic; Required for the positioning and movement of chloroplasts. Interacts with profilin and actin independent of its polymerization status. Regulates chloroplast localization by anchoring chloroplasts to the plasma membrane and forming a bridge to the actin cytoskeleton. (1004 aa) |
| | EGY3 | Probable zinc metallopeptidase EGY3, chloroplastic; Probable membrane-associated metalloprotease that may be involved in chloroplast development; Belongs to the peptidase M50B family. (573 aa) |
| | F21F23.16 | At1g13730/F21F23_12. (428 aa) |
| | TGD2 | Protein TRIGALACTOSYLDIACYLGLYCEROL 2, chloroplastic; Component of a phosphatidic acid/lipid transport complex in the chloroplast envelope. Specifically binds phosphatidic acid (PA). Involved in lipid transfer from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to plastids, and necessary for thylakoids formation. (381 aa) |
| | TOC120 | Translocase of chloroplast 120, chloroplastic; GTPase involved in protein precursor import into chloroplasts. Seems to recognize chloroplast-destined precursor proteins and regulate their presentation to the translocation channel through GTP hydrolysis. Probably specialized in the import of nuclear encoded non-photosynthetic preproteins from the cytoplasm to the chloroplast; Belongs to the TRAFAC class TrmE-Era-EngA-EngB-Septin-like GTPase superfamily. AIG1/Toc34/Toc159-like paraseptin GTPase family. TOC159 subfamily. (1089 aa) |
| | OEP64 | Outer envelope protein 64, chloroplastic; Chaperone receptor mediating Hsp90-dependent protein targeting to chloroplasts. Bi-functional preprotein receptor acting on both sides of the membrane. Not essential for an efficient import of pre-proteins into plastids. (589 aa) |
| | VTE3 | 2-methyl-6-phytyl-1,4-hydroquinone methyltransferase, chloroplastic; Involved in a key methylation step in both tocopherols (vitamin E) and plastoquinone synthesis. Catalyzes the conversion of 2- methyl-6-phytyl-1,4-hydroquinone (MPBQ) to 2,3-dimethyl-6-phytyl-1,4- hydroquinone (DMPQ, a substrate for tocopherol cyclase), and 2-methyl- 6-solanyl-1,4-benzoquinone (MSBQ) to plastoquinone. (338 aa) |
| | F16M2_10 | Chloroplast outer envelope membrane protein. (69 aa) |
| | F21F14.40 | AT3g61870/F21F14_40. (272 aa) |
| | T22E16.200 | Nuclear transport factor 2 (NTF2) family protein. (334 aa) |
| | F5K20_210 | Malate dehydrogenase-like protein. (108 aa) |
| | CRD1 | Magnesium-protoporphyrin IX monomethyl ester [oxidative] cyclase, chloroplastic; Catalyzes the formation of the isocyclic ring in chlorophyll biosynthesis. Mediates the cyclase reaction, which results in the formation of divinylprotochlorophyllide (Pchlide) characteristic of all chlorophylls from magnesium-protoporphyrin IX 13-monomethyl ester (MgPMME). (409 aa) |
| | TGD4 | Protein TRIGALACTOSYLDIACYLGLYCEROL 4, chloroplastic; Involved in lipid transfer from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to plastids. Specifically binds phosphatidic acid (PtdOH). (479 aa) |
| | CAO-2 | Chlorophyllide a oxygenase, chloroplastic; Catalyzes a two-step oxygenase reaction involved in the synthesis of chlorophyll b. Acts specifically on the non-esterified chlorophyllide a and not on chlorophyll a. (536 aa) |
| | DGD1 | Digalactosyldiacylglycerol synthase 1, chloroplastic; Involved in the synthesis of diacylglycerol galactolipids that are specifically found in thylakoid membranes. Specific for alpha- glycosidic linkages. Responsible for the final assembly of galactolipids in photosynthetic membranes. Digalactosyldiacylglycerol (DGDG) provides stability to the photosystem I (PSI) complex, especially to the PsaA, PsaB, PsaC, PsaL and PsaH subunits. Belongs to the glycosyltransferase group 1 family. Glycosyltransferase 4 subfamily. (808 aa) |
| | FTSH12 | ATP-dependent zinc metalloprotease FTSH 12, chloroplastic; Probable ATP-dependent zinc metallopeptidase; In the N-terminal section; belongs to the AAA ATPase family. (1008 aa) |
| | AKR2A | Ankyrin repeat domain-containing protein 2A; Exhibits chaperone activity toward chloroplast outer envelope membrane, mitochondrion outer membrane, endoplasmic reticulum membrane and peroxisomal proteins, by recruiting specific proteins containing a single transmembrane associated with an AKR2A-binding sequence (ABS) and subsequently binding glycolipids (e.g. monogalactosyldiacylglycerol (MGDG) and phosphatidylglycerol (PG)) present in the membrane of the target organelle. Seems to be involved in the regulation of hydrogen peroxide levels during biotic and abiotic stresses by optimizing [...] (342 aa) |
| | HP30-1 | Chloroplastic import inner membrane translocase subunit HP30-1; Together with HP30-2 and HP20, triggers the import and insertion of transit sequence-less multi-pass transmembrane proteins (e.g. CEQORH) into the chloroplastic inner membrane. Belongs to the Tim17/Tim22/Tim23 family. (261 aa) |
