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| | AMY2 | Probable alpha-amylase 2; Probable alpha-amylase that does not seem to be required for breakdown of transitory starch in leaves. (413 aa) |
| | OFUT35 | O-fucosyltransferase 35; Belongs to the glycosyltransferase GT106 family. (652 aa) |
| | AMY3 | Alpha-amylase 3, chloroplastic; Possesses endoamylolytic activity in vitro, but seems not required for breakdown of transitory starch in leaves. May be involved in the determination of the final structure of glucans by shortening long linear phospho-oligosaccharides in the chloroplast stroma. Can act on both soluble and insoluble glucan substrates to release small linear and branched malto-oligosaccharides. Works synergistically with beta-amylase toward efficient starch degradation. Has activity against p-nitrophenyl maltoheptaoside (BPNP-G7), amylopectin and beta-limit dextrin. Involv [...] (887 aa) |
| | RFS2 | Probable galactinol--sucrose galactosyltransferase 2; Transglycosidase operating by a ping-pong reaction mechanism. Involved in the synthesis of raffinose, a major soluble carbohydrate in seeds, roots and tubers (By similarity); Belongs to the glycosyl hydrolases 36 family. (773 aa) |
| | OFUT16 | O-fucosyltransferase 16; Belongs to the glycosyltransferase GT106 family. (572 aa) |
| | SNF4 | Sucrose nonfermenting 4-like protein; Regulatory subunit of the probable trimeric SNF1-related protein kinase (SnRK) complex, which may play a role in a signal transduction cascade regulating gene expression and carbohydrate metabolism in higher plants. (487 aa) |
| | F28J7.18 | Ribulose-phosphate 3-epimerase; Belongs to the ribulose-phosphate 3-epimerase family. (225 aa) |
| | F28G11.11 | Probable fructokinase-6, chloroplastic; May play an important role in maintaining the flux of carbon towards starch formation; Belongs to the carbohydrate kinase PfkB family. (384 aa) |
| | INVF | Probable alkaline/neutral invertase F; Invertase that cleaves sucrose into glucose and fructose. Belongs to the glycosyl hydrolase 100 family. (499 aa) |
| | UGE4 | UDP-glucose 4-epimerase 4; Catalyzes the interconversion between UDP-glucose and UDP- galactose. Involved in channeling UDP-D-galactose (UDP-D-Gal) into cell wall polymers. Required for the galactosylation of xyloglucan (XyG) and type II arabinogalactan (AGII). Cooperates with UGE2 in cell wall carbohydrate biosynthesis and growth. Belongs to the NAD(P)-dependent epimerase/dehydratase family. (348 aa) |
| | F9N12.9 | Ribulose-phosphate 3-epimerase; Belongs to the ribulose-phosphate 3-epimerase family. (227 aa) |
| | OFUT38 | O-fucosyltransferase 38; Belongs to the glycosyltransferase GT106 family. (522 aa) |
| | ISA1 | Isoamylase 1, chloroplastic; Involved in the trimming of pre-amylopectin chains. Accelerates the crystallization of nascent amylopectin molecules during starch synthesis. ISA1 and ISA2 work exclusively together as a multimeric holoenzyme. ISA1-ISA2 removes preferentially branches that are very close to other branches. (783 aa) |
| | KOR2 | Endoglucanase 7; Belongs to the glycosyl hydrolase 9 (cellulase E) family. (623 aa) |
| | GAE4 | UDP-glucuronate 4-epimerase 4; Involved in the synthesis of the negatively charged monosaccharide that forms the backbone of pectic cell wall components. (437 aa) |
| | GOLS4 | Galactinol synthase 4; Galactinol synthase involved in the biosynthesis of raffinose family oligosaccharides (RFOs) that function as osmoprotectants. May promote plant stress tolerance (By similarity). (334 aa) |
| | F18O19.27 | Endochitinase At2g43620. (283 aa) |
| | F18O19.28 | Endochitinase At2g43610. (281 aa) |
| | GOLS1 | Galactinol synthase 1; Galactinol synthase involved in the biosynthesis of raffinose family oligosaccharides (RFOs) that function as osmoprotectants. Promotes plant stress tolerance such as heat, chilling, salinity and methylviologen (MV), a superoxide radical generating drug, by mediating raffinose accumulation, an osmoprotective substance. (344 aa) |
| | ARA1 | L-arabinokinase; Arabinose kinase. Involved in the salvage pathway which converts free L-arabinose to UDP-L-arabinose. May play a role in arabinose transport. (1039 aa) |
| | BAM3 | Beta-amylase 3, chloroplastic; Beta-amylase activity. No alpha-amylase activity. Involved in cold resistance. Mediates the accumulation of maltose upon freezing stress, thus contributing to the protection of the photosynthetic electron transport chain. Plays a role in the circadian-regulated starch degradation and maltose metabolism in chloroplasts, especially at night. More active on phosphorylated glucan. Interacts directly with starch or other alpha-1,4-glucan. Belongs to the glycosyl hydrolase 14 family. (548 aa) |
| | CHI58_ARATH | Endochitinase At2g43580; Belongs to the glycosyl hydrolase 19 family. Chitinase class I subfamily. (265 aa) |
| | CHI | Endochitinase CHI; Belongs to the glycosyl hydrolase 19 family. Chitinase class I subfamily. (277 aa) |
| | F18O19.30 | Endochitinase At2g43590. (264 aa) |
| | GH9B8 | Endoglucanase 11; Belongs to the glycosyl hydrolase 9 (cellulase E) family. (525 aa) |
| | GH9B6 | Endoglucanase 4; Belongs to the glycosyl hydrolase 9 (cellulase E) family. (489 aa) |
| | PGM3 | Probable phosphoglucomutase, cytoplasmic 1; This enzyme participates in both the breakdown and synthesis of glucose; Belongs to the phosphohexose mutase family. (583 aa) |
| | MEE25 | Putative UDP-arabinose 4-epimerase 2. (417 aa) |
| | OFUT20 | O-fucosyltransferase 20; May play a role in the biosynthesis of matrix polysaccharides and contribute to the biomechanics and development of the plant cell wall. (573 aa) |
| | GH9B9 | Endoglucanase 12; Belongs to the glycosyl hydrolase 9 (cellulase E) family. (491 aa) |
| | GH9B10 | Endoglucanase 13; Belongs to the glycosyl hydrolase 9 (cellulase E) family. (490 aa) |
| | BAM2 | Beta-amylase 2, chloroplastic; Low beta-amylase activity. Interacts poorly with starch or other alpha-1,4-glucan. (542 aa) |
| | GH9B12 | Endoglucanase 15; Belongs to the glycosyl hydrolase 9 (cellulase E) family. (492 aa) |
| | GOLS3 | Galactinol synthase 3; Galactinol synthase involved in the biosynthesis of raffinose family oligosaccharides (RFOs) that function as osmoprotectants. May promote plant stress tolerance (By similarity). (334 aa) |
| | XYN2 | Endo-1,4-beta-xylanase 2; Binds to and hydrolyzes insoluble and soluble xylan substrates; Belongs to the glycosyl hydrolase 10 (cellulase F) family. (1063 aa) |
| | BAM7 | Beta-amylase 7. (691 aa) |
| | PGMP | Phosphoglucomutase, chloroplastic; This enzyme participates in both the breakdown and synthesis of glucose; Belongs to the phosphohexose mutase family. (623 aa) |
| | KINB2 | SNF1-related protein kinase regulatory subunit beta-2; Regulatory subunit of the probable trimeric SNF1-related protein kinase (SnRK) complex, which may play a role in a signal transduction cascade regulating gene expression and carbohydrate metabolism in higher plants. The SnRK complex may also be involved in the regulation of fatty acid synthesis by phosphorylation of acetyl-CoA carboxylase and in assimilation of nitrogen by phosphorylating nitrate reductase. (289 aa) |
| | PHS2 | Alpha-glucan phosphorylase 2, cytosolic; Phosphorylase is an important allosteric enzyme in carbohydrate metabolism. Enzymes from different sources differ in their regulatory mechanisms and in their natural substrates. However, all known phosphorylases share catalytic and structural properties (By similarity). (841 aa) |
| | CEL3 | Endoglucanase 9. (484 aa) |
| | CEL1 | Endoglucanase 8; Required for cellulose formation of the cell wall. Belongs to the glycosyl hydrolase 9 (cellulase E) family. (492 aa) |
| | CBSCBS2 | SNF1-related protein kinase regulatory subunit gamma-1-like; Regulatory subunit of the probable trimeric SNF1-related protein kinase (SnRK) complex, which may play a role in a signal transduction cascade regulating gene expression and carbohydrate metabolism in higher plants. (447 aa) |
| | ESMD1 | Protein ESMERALDA 1; Glycosyltransferase that plays a role in cell adhesion. Belongs to the glycosyltransferase GT106 family. (567 aa) |
| | KINB3 | SNF1-related protein kinase regulatory subunit beta-3; Regulatory subunit of the probable trimeric SNF1-related protein kinase (SnRK) complex, which may play a role in a signal transduction cascade regulating gene expression and carbohydrate metabolism in higher plants. (114 aa) |
| | UGE2 | UDP-glucose 4-epimerase 2; Catalyzes the interconversion between UDP-glucose and UDP- galactose. Cooperates with UGE3 in pollen development and with UGE4 in cell wall carbohydrate biosynthesis and growth. Belongs to the NAD(P)-dependent epimerase/dehydratase family. (350 aa) |
| | GH9B14 | Endoglucanase 18; Belongs to the glycosyl hydrolase 9 (cellulase E) family. (478 aa) |
| | RFS4 | Probable galactinol--sucrose galactosyltransferase 4; Transglycosidase operating by a ping-pong reaction mechanism. Involved in the synthesis of raffinose, a major soluble carbohydrate in seeds, roots and tubers (By similarity). (876 aa) |
| | F14I3.3 | Putative fructokinase-8; May play an important role in maintaining the flux of carbon towards starch formation. (210 aa) |
| | INVB | Probable alkaline/neutral invertase B; Invertase that cleaves sucrose into glucose and fructose. Belongs to the glycosyl hydrolase 100 family. (571 aa) |
| | GH9B16 | Endoglucanase 22; Belongs to the glycosyl hydrolase 9 (cellulase E) family. (494 aa) |
| | RHS17 | Protein ROOT HAIR SPECIFIC 17. (551 aa) |
| | GH9B15 | Endoglucanase 20; Belongs to the glycosyl hydrolase 9 (cellulase E) family. (479 aa) |
| | DSP4-2 | Phosphoglucan phosphatase DSP4, chloroplastic; Starch granule-associated phosphoglucan phosphatase involved in the control of starch accumulation. Acts as major regulator of the initial steps of starch degradation at the granule surface. Functions during the day by dephosphorylating the night-accumulated phospho- oligosaccharides. Can release phosphate from both the C6 and the C3 positions, but dephosphorylates preferentially the C6 position. (379 aa) |
| | GOLS5 | Galactinol synthase 5; Galactinol synthase involved in the biosynthesis of raffinose family oligosaccharides (RFOs) that function as osmoprotectants. May promote plant stress tolerance (By similarity); Belongs to the glycosyltransferase 8 family. Galactosyltransferase subfamily. (333 aa) |
| | BAM8 | Beta-amylase 8; Belongs to the glycosyl hydrolase 14 family. (689 aa) |
| | DUR | Putative UDP-arabinose 4-epimerase 4. (436 aa) |
| | G6PD6 | Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase 6, cytoplasmic; Catalyzes the rate-limiting step of the oxidative pentose- phosphate pathway, which represents a route for the dissimilation of carbohydrates besides glycolysis. The main function of this enzyme is to provide reducing power (NADPH) and pentose phosphates for fatty acid and nucleic acid synthesis which are involved in membrane synthesis and cell division. (515 aa) |
| | OFUT36 | O-fucosyltransferase 36; Belongs to the glycosyltransferase GT106 family. (566 aa) |
| | MRG7.16 | ADP-glucose phosphorylase; Catalyzes the conversion of ADP-glucose and inorganic phosphate (Pi) into glucose-1-phosphate and ADP. Does not possess galactose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase activity. (351 aa) |
| | INVE | Alkaline/neutral invertase E, chloroplastic; Chloroplastic invertase that cleaves sucrose into glucose and fructose and is associated with the development of the photosynthetic apparatus and the assimilation of nitrogen in seedlings to control the sucrose to hexose ratio. Participates in the carbon flux between the cytosol and plastids in leaves. (617 aa) |
| | XYLA | Xylose isomerase. (477 aa) |
| | MIO24.3 | Probable fructokinase-7; May play an important role in maintaining the flux of carbon towards starch formation. (343 aa) |
| | BAM4 | Inactive beta-amylase 4, chloroplastic; No alpha-1,4-glucan hydrolase activity, including beta- amylase, alpha-amylase, a-glucosidase or alpha-amyloglucosidase. However, facilitates or regulates starch breakdown, especially at night, by a mechanism involving direct interaction with starch or other alpha-1,4-glucan. (531 aa) |
| | MSJ1.22 | Inositol monophosphatase family protein; Belongs to the FBPase class 1 family. (404 aa) |
| | OFUT37 | O-fucosyltransferase 37; Belongs to the glycosyltransferase GT106 family. (559 aa) |
| | RFS5 | Probable galactinol--sucrose galactosyltransferase 5; Transglycosidase operating by a ping-pong reaction mechanism. Involved in the synthesis of raffinose, a major soluble carbohydrate in seeds, roots and tubers (By similarity); Belongs to the glycosyl hydrolases 36 family. (783 aa) |
| | INVA | Alkaline/neutral invertase A, mitochondrial; Mitochondrial invertase that cleaves sucrose into glucose and fructose and is involved in the regulation of multiple tissue development and floral transition. May generate glucose as a substrate for mitochondria-associated hexokinase, contributing to mitochondrial reactive oxygen species homeostasis. (616 aa) |
| | GOLS2 | Galactinol synthase 2; Galactinol synthase involved in the biosynthesis of raffinose family oligosaccharides (RFOs) that function as osmoprotectants. Promotes stress tolerance of factors such as drought, chilling, salinity and methylviologen (MV), a superoxide radical generating drug, by mediating an increase in levels of the endogenous osmoprotective compounds, galactinol and raffinose; Belongs to the glycosyltransferase 8 family. Galactosyltransferase subfamily. (335 aa) |
| | GH9B5 | Endoglucanase 2; Belongs to the glycosyl hydrolase 9 (cellulase E) family. (515 aa) |
| | G6PD2 | Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase 2, chloroplastic; Catalyzes the rate-limiting step of the oxidative pentose- phosphate pathway, which represents a route for the dissimilation of carbohydrates besides glycolysis. The main function of this enzyme is to provide reducing power (NADPH) and pentose phosphates for fatty acid and nucleic acid synthesis which are involved in membrane synthesis and cell division. Belongs to the glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase family. (596 aa) |
| | AT4G08810.1 | Calcium binding protein involved in cryptochrome and phytochrome coaction. (552 aa) |
| | FRB1 | Protein FRIABLE 1; Glycosyltransferase required for normal cell adhesion and cell wall integrity. (631 aa) |
| | PHS1-3 | Alpha-glucan phosphorylase 1; Phosphorylase is an important allosteric enzyme in carbohydrate metabolism. Enzymes from different sources differ in their regulatory mechanisms and in their natural substrates. However, all known phosphorylases share catalytic and structural properties (By similarity). May be not required for the degradation of starch, but the phosphorolysis of starch may play an important role in water stress tolerance. (962 aa) |
| | PAGR | Protein PECTIC ARABINOGALACTAN SYNTHESIS-RELATED; Glycosyltransferase involved in the biosynthesis of pectic type-II arabinogalactans; Belongs to the glycosyltransferase GT106 family. (557 aa) |
| | BAM1-2 | Beta-amylase 1, chloroplastic; Beta-amylase activity. Can use p-nitrophenyl maltopentaoside (PNPG5) as substrate only in reduced form. Can play a minor role in the starch degradation and maltose metabolism in chloroplasts during the night. More active on phosphorylated glucan. Interacts directly with starch or other alpha-1,4-glucan. (575 aa) |
| | GAE6 | UDP-glucuronate 4-epimerase 6; Involved in the synthesis of the negatively charged monosaccharide that forms the backbone of pectic cell wall components. (460 aa) |
| | G6PD5 | Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase 5, cytoplasmic; Catalyzes the rate-limiting step of the oxidative pentose- phosphate pathway, which represents a route for the dissimilation of carbohydrates besides glycolysis. The main function of this enzyme is to provide reducing power (NADPH) and pentose phosphates for fatty acid and nucleic acid synthesis which are involved in membrane synthesis and cell division. (516 aa) |
| | T21E18.8 | Probable fructokinase-2; May play an important role in maintaining the flux of carbon towards starch formation. (329 aa) |
| | GAL1 | Galactokinase; Sugar-1-kinase with a very high substrate specificity for the alpha-anomeric configuration of D-galacose (D-Gal). Converts also efficiently 2-deoxy-D-Gal to 2-deoxy-D-al-1-phosphate. Belongs to the GHMP kinase family. GalK subfamily. (496 aa) |
| | OFUT24 | O-fucosyltransferase 24; Belongs to the glycosyltransferase GT106 family. (579 aa) |
| | PGM2 | Probable phosphoglucomutase, cytoplasmic 2; This enzyme participates in both the breakdown and synthesis of glucose. (585 aa) |
| | OFUT19 | O-fucosyltransferase 19; Belongs to the glycosyltransferase GT106 family. (638 aa) |
| | T28P16.12 | Probable fructokinase-1; May play an important role in maintaining the flux of carbon towards starch formation. (325 aa) |
| | UGE5 | UDP-glucose 4-epimerase 5; Catalyzes the interconversion between UDP-glucose and UDP- galactose. (351 aa) |
| | LSF2 | Phosphoglucan phosphatase LSF2, chloroplastic; Starch-associated phosphoglucan phosphatase that selectively dephosphorylates the glucan C3 position. Probably participates in the regulation of starch degradation. (282 aa) |
| | T21E18.7 | Probable fructokinase-3; May play an important role in maintaining the flux of carbon towards starch formation. (345 aa) |
| | FKGP | Bifunctional fucokinase/fucose pyrophosphorylase; Bifunctional enzyme involved in the salvage pathway which converts free L-fucose to GDP-L-fucose. The sugar-1-kinase activity has a strict substrate specificity for L-fucose and ATP. The pyrophosphorylase activity has a strict substrate specificity for L- fucose 1-phosphate and GTP. (1055 aa) |
| | GAE2 | UDP-glucuronate 4-epimerase 2; Involved in the synthesis of the negatively charged monosaccharide that forms the backbone of pectic cell wall components. (434 aa) |
| | CINV1 | Alkaline/neutral invertase CINV1; Cytosolic invertase that specifically cleaves sucrose into glucose and fructose and is involved in the regulation of multiple tissue development including primary root elongation, root hair growth, leaf and silique development, and floral transition. Is involved in osmotic stress-induced inhibition on lateral root growth by controlling the concentration of hexose in cells. May regulate sugar-mediated root development by controlling sucrose catabolism in root cells. Belongs to the glycosyl hydrolase 100 family. (551 aa) |
| | MSR1 | Protein MANNAN SYNTHESIS-RELATED 1; Glycosyltransferase involved in mannan biosynthesis. (422 aa) |
| | GAE3 | UDP-glucuronate 4-epimerase 3; Involved in the synthesis of the negatively charged monosaccharide that forms the backbone of pectic cell wall components. (430 aa) |
| | GH9B13 | Endoglucanase 17; Belongs to the glycosyl hydrolase 9 (cellulase E) family. (516 aa) |
| | ChiC | Class V chitinase; Can hydrolyze glycol chitin and chitin oligosaccharides (e.g. N-acetylglucosamine) (GlcNAc)4, (GlcNAc)5 and (GlcNAc)6. (379 aa) |
| | LGALDH | L-galactose dehydrogenase; Catalyzes the oxidation of L-galactose to L-galactono-1,4- lactone in the presence of NAD(+). Uses NAD(+) as a hydrogen acceptor much more efficiently than NADP(+); Belongs to the aldo/keto reductase family. (319 aa) |
| | F24G24.60 | Probable fructokinase-5; May play an important role in maintaining the flux of carbon towards starch formation. (324 aa) |
| | CHI-B | Basic endochitinase B; Defense against chitin-containing fungal pathogens. Seems particularly implicated in resistance to jasmonate-inducing pathogens such as A.brassicicola. In vitro antifungal activity against T.reesei, but not against A.solani, F.oxysporum, S.sclerotiorum, G.graminis and P.megasperma. (335 aa) |
| | CHIB1 | Acidic endochitinase; This protein functions as a defense against chitin containing fungal pathogens; Belongs to the glycosyl hydrolase 18 family. Chitinase class III subfamily. (302 aa) |
| | CFBP1 | Fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase 1, chloroplastic; Catalyzes the irreversible reaction from fructose-1,6- bisphosphate to fructose-6-phosphate and inorganic phosphate, to regenerate the primary CO(2) acceptor molecule, ribulose-1,5- bisphosphate (Probable). Involved in the regulation of photosynthetic electron flow and sucrose synthesis. Its activity is critical for normal plant development and important for the regulation of a wide range of metabolic processes. (417 aa) |
| | BAM5 | Beta-amylase 5; Beta-amylase activity. Major cytosolic beta-amylase isoform in rosette leaves and inflorescences stems. (498 aa) |
| | SBPASE | Sedoheptulose-1,7-bisphosphatase, chloroplastic; Belongs to the FBPase class 1 family. (393 aa) |
| | F9F13.110 | Probable UDP-arabinose 4-epimerase 3. (411 aa) |
| | KOR3 | Endoglucanase 21. (620 aa) |
| | GWD2 | Alpha-glucan water dikinase 2; Mediates the incorporation of phosphate into alpha-glucan, mostly at the C-6 position of glucose units; Belongs to the PEP-utilizing enzyme family. (1278 aa) |
| | T23J7.130 | Aldose 1-epimerase; Converts alpha-aldose to the beta-anomer. (358 aa) |
| | GAE5 | UDP-glucuronate 4-epimerase 5; Involved in the synthesis of the negatively charged monosaccharide that forms the backbone of pectic cell wall components. (436 aa) |
| | DPE1 | 4-alpha-glucanotransferase DPE1, chloroplastic/amyloplastic; Chloroplastic alpha-glucanotransferase involved in maltotriose metabolism. Probably uses maltotriose as substrate to transfer a maltosyl unit from one molecule to another, resulting in glucose and maltopentaose. The latter can then be further metabolized to maltose and maltotriose by beta-amylase. Required for normal starch degradation in leaves; Belongs to the disproportionating enzyme family. (576 aa) |
| | CEL2 | Endoglucanase 1. (501 aa) |
| | KIN11 | SNF1-related protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha KIN11; Catalytic subunit of the probable trimeric SNF1-related protein kinase (SnRK) complex, a central regulator of cellular energy homeostasis, which, in response to seemingly unrelated darkness, sugar and stress conditions, activates energy-producing pathways and inhibits energy-consuming processes. May play a role in a signal transduction cascade regulating gene expression and carbohydrate metabolism in higher plants. The SnRK complex may also be involved in the regulation of fatty acid synthesis by phosphorylation of acetyl-CoA c [...] (512 aa) |
| | MSR2 | Protein MANNAN SYNTHESIS-RELATED 2; Glycosyltransferase involved in mannan biosynthesis. Belongs to the glycosyltransferase GT106 family. (423 aa) |
| | OFUT39 | O-fucosyltransferase 39; Belongs to the glycosyltransferase GT106 family. (504 aa) |
| | OFUT30 | O-fucosyltransferase 30; Belongs to the glycosyltransferase GT106 family. (507 aa) |
| | CEL5 | Endoglucanase 3; May be involved in the sloughing (cell-cell separation) of the root cap cells from root tip. (484 aa) |
| | KOR | Endoglucanase 25; Required for cellulose microfibrils formation. Involved in cell wall assembly during cell elongation and cell plate maturation in cytokinesis. Required for secondary cell wall formation in the developing xylem. May cycle through different intracellular compartments, including plasma membrane. (621 aa) |
| | KIN10 | SNF1-related protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha KIN10; Catalytic subunit of the probable trimeric SNF1-related protein kinase (SnRK) complex, a central regulator of cellular energy homeostasis, which, in response to seemingly unrelated darkness, sugar and stress conditions, activates energy-producing pathways and inhibits energy-consuming processes. May play a role in a signal transduction cascade regulating gene expression and carbohydrate metabolism in higher plants. The SnRK complex may also be involved in the regulation of fatty acid synthesis by phosphorylation of acetyl-CoA c [...] (512 aa) |
| | GH9C2 | Endoglucanase 6; Belongs to the glycosyl hydrolase 9 (cellulase E) family. (620 aa) |
| | UGE1 | Bifunctional UDP-glucose 4-epimerase and UDP-xylose 4-epimerase 1; Catalyzes the interconversion between UDP-glucose and UDP- galactose and the interconversion between UDP-arabinose and UDP-xylose. Plays a role in D-galactose detoxification. (351 aa) |
| | G6PD1 | Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase 1, chloroplastic; Catalyzes the rate-limiting step of the oxidative pentose- phosphate pathway, which represents a route for the dissimilation of carbohydrates besides glycolysis. The main function of this enzyme is to provide reducing power (NADPH) and pentose phosphates for fatty acid and nucleic acid synthesis which are involved in membrane synthesis and cell division. Belongs to the glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase family. (576 aa) |
| | GOLS7 | Galactinol synthase 7; Galactinol synthase involved in the biosynthesis of raffinose family oligosaccharides (RFOs) that function as osmoprotectants. May promote plant stress tolerance (By similarity); Belongs to the glycosyltransferase 8 family. Galactosyltransferase subfamily. (332 aa) |
| | Q9LVH6_ARATH | Aldose 1-epimerase; Converts alpha-aldose to the beta-anomer. (341 aa) |
| | A3G2XYLT | Anthocyanidin 3-O-glucoside 2'''-O-xylosyltransferase; Contributes to the last few anthocyanin biosynthetic steps. Converts cyanidin 3-O-glucoside to cyanidin 3-O-xylosyl(1->2)glucoside. Can use 3-O-glucosylated anthocyanidins/flavonols and uridine diphosphate (UDP)-xylose as substrates. (468 aa) |
| | GLCAK2 | Probable glucuronokinase 2; Sugar-1-kinase with a strict substrate specificity for D- glucuronic acid and ATP. Involved in the biosynthesis of UDP-glucuronic acid (UDP-GlcA), providing nucleotide sugars for cell-wall polymers. May be also involved in a salvage pathway for glucuronic acid (By similarity). (366 aa) |
| | GAE1 | UDP-glucuronate 4-epimerase 1; Involved in the synthesis of the negatively charged monosaccharide that forms the backbone of pectic cell wall components. (429 aa) |
| | ISA3 | Isoamylase 3, chloroplastic; Involved in starch catabolism. ISA3 removes different branches than ISA1-ISA2, namely short chains that prevent amylopectin crystallization. May be the debranching enzyme required to assist beta- amylases for starch degradation in leaves at night. Belongs to the glycosyl hydrolase 13 family. (764 aa) |
| | T16L24.30 | Probable fructokinase-4; May play an important role in maintaining the flux of carbon towards starch formation. (326 aa) |
| | EP3 | Endochitinase EP3; Probably involved in hypersensitive reaction upon Xanthomonas campestris infection; Belongs to the glycosyl hydrolase 19 family. Chitinase class I subfamily. (273 aa) |
| | OFUT28 | O-fucosyltransferase 28; Belongs to the glycosyltransferase GT106 family. (638 aa) |
| | GH9C1 | Endoglucanase 5; Belongs to the glycosyl hydrolase 9 (cellulase E) family. (627 aa) |
| | CYFBP | Fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase, cytosolic; Catalyzes the first irreversible reaction from fructose-1,6- bisphosphate to fructose-6-phosphate and inorganic phosphate and plays an important regulatory role in sucrose biosynthesis and metabolism (Probable). Its activity is essential to regulate starch levels. Functions in fructose-mediated signaling independently of its catalytic activity in sugar metabolism. May act downstream of ABA2/GIN1, which is involved in abscisic acid (ABA) synthesis to regulate autotrophic transition and modulate early seedling establishment after seed germination. [...] (341 aa) |
| | OFUT23 | O-fucosyltransferase 23; Belongs to the glycosyltransferase GT106 family. (445 aa) |
| | FKFBP | 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase; Synthesis and degradation of fructose 2,6-bisphosphate. Regulates carbon partitioning between sucrose versus starch during the diurnal cycle; In the C-terminal section; belongs to the phosphoglycerate mutase family. (744 aa) |
| | XYL1 | Alpha-xylosidase 1; Glycoside hydrolase releasing xylosyl residues from xyloglucan oligosaccharides at the non-reducing end. Has alpha- xylosidase activity against xylan oligosaccharides. Also has alpha- glucosidase activity against p-nitrophenyl-alpha-D-glucopyranoside. No activity against p-nitrophenyl-D-xyloside. Belongs to the glycosyl hydrolase 31 family. (915 aa) |
| | CSP41B | Chloroplast stem-loop binding protein of 41 kDa b, chloroplastic; Binds and cleaves RNA, particularly in stem-loops. Associates with pre-ribosomal particles in chloroplasts, and participates in chloroplast ribosomal RNA metabolism, probably during the final steps of 23S rRNA maturation. May enhance transcription by the plastid- encoded polymerase and translation in plastid via the stabilization of ribosome assembly intermediates. Required for chloroplast integrity. Involved in the regulation of the circadian system. Involved in the regulation of heteroglycans and monosaccharide mobiliz [...] (378 aa) |
| | RRT1 | Rhamnogalacturonan I rhamnosyltransferase 1; Glycosyltransferase involved in the formation of rhamnogalacturonan I (RG-I) oligosaccharides in the seed coat mucilage, which is a specialized cell wall with abundant RG-I. Transfers the rhamnose residue from UDP-beta-L-rhamnose to RG-I oligosaccharides. Prefers RG-I oligosaccharides with a degree of polymerization of 5 or larger than 5. Does not act on oligosaccharides with a degree of polymerization of 4 or smaller than 4. Does not require metal ions for its activity. (508 aa) |
| | OFUT14 | O-fucosyltransferase 14. (563 aa) |
| | CINV2 | Alkaline/neutral invertase CINV2; Cytosolic invertase that may cleave sucrose into glucose and fructose, and that is involved in the regulation of root growth. May regulate sugar-mediated root development by controlling sucrose catabolism in root cells; Belongs to the glycosyl hydrolase 100 family. (558 aa) |
| | XYN4 | Endo-1,4-beta-xylanase 4; Binds to and hydrolyzes insoluble and soluble xylan substrates; Belongs to the glycosyl hydrolase 10 (cellulase F) family. (570 aa) |
| | RRT3 | Rhamnogalacturonan I rhamnosyltransferase 4; Glycosyltransferase involved in the formation of rhamnogalacturonan I (RG-I) oligosaccharides in the seed coat mucilage, which is a specialized cell wall with abundant RG-I (By similarity). Transfers the rhamnose residue from UDP-beta-L-rhamnose to RG-I oligosaccharides. (481 aa) |
| | RRT4 | Rhamnogalacturonan I rhamnosyltransferase 1; Glycosyltransferase involved in the formation of rhamnogalacturonan I (RG-I) oligosaccharides in the seed coat mucilage, which is a specialized cell wall with abundant RG-I (By similarity). Transfers the rhamnose residue from UDP-beta-L-rhamnose to RG-I oligosaccharides. (499 aa) |
| | GWD3 | Phosphoglucan, water dikinase, chloroplastic; Mediates the incorporation of phosphate into starch-like phospho-alpha-glucan, mostly at the C-3 position of glucose units. Required for starch degradation, suggesting that the phosphate content of starch regulates its degradability; Belongs to the PEP-utilizing enzyme family. (1196 aa) |
| | OFUT31 | O-fucosyltransferase 31; Belongs to the glycosyltransferase GT106 family. (519 aa) |
| | INVH | Probable alkaline/neutral invertase A, chloroplastic; Chloroplastic invertase that cleaves sucrose into glucose and fructose and may participate in the carbon flux between the cytosol and plastids in leaves; Belongs to the glycosyl hydrolase 100 family. (633 aa) |
| | KINB1 | SNF1-related protein kinase regulatory subunit beta-1; Regulatory subunit of the probable trimeric SNF1-related protein kinase (SnRK) complex, which may play a role in a signal transduction cascade regulating gene expression and carbohydrate metabolism in higher plants. The SnRK complex may also be involved in the regulation of fatty acid synthesis by phosphorylation of acetyl-CoA carboxylase and in assimilation of nitrogen by phosphorylating nitrate reductase. (283 aa) |
| | RFS1 | Probable galactinol--sucrose galactosyltransferase 1; Transglycosidase operating by a ping-pong reaction mechanism. Involved in the synthesis of raffinose, a major soluble carbohydrate in seeds, roots and tubers (By similarity). (754 aa) |
| | F17I5.10 | Endo-1,4-beta-xylanase 5-like; Binds to and hydrolyzes insoluble and soluble xylan substrates; Belongs to the glycosyl hydrolase 10 (cellulase F) family. (570 aa) |
| | OFUT5 | O-fucosyltransferase 5; Belongs to the glycosyltransferase GT106 family. (564 aa) |
| | PU1 | Pullulanase 1, chloroplastic; Involved in starch degradation and also probably in the trimming of pre-amylopectin chains during starch synthesis. (965 aa) |
| | OFUT11 | O-fucosyltransferase 11; Belongs to the glycosyltransferase GT106 family. (589 aa) |
| | GH9B17 | Endoglucanase 23. (493 aa) |
| | OFUT27 | O-fucosyltransferase 27; Belongs to the glycosyltransferase GT106 family. (677 aa) |
| | OFUT9 | O-fucosyltransferase 9; Belongs to the glycosyltransferase GT106 family. (568 aa) |
| | GOLS6 | Galactinol synthase 6; Galactinol synthase involved in the biosynthesis of raffinose family oligosaccharides (RFOs) that function as osmoprotectants. May promote plant stress tolerance (By similarity); Belongs to the glycosyltransferase 8 family. Galactosyltransferase subfamily. (336 aa) |
| | ISA2 | Isoamylase 2, chloroplastic; Involved in the trimming of pre-amylopectin chains. Accelerates the crystallization of nascent amylopectin molecules during starch synthesis. ISA1 and ISA2 work exclusively together as a multimeric holoenzyme. ISA1-ISA2 removes preferentially branches that are very close to other branches. (882 aa) |
| | G6PD3 | Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase 3, chloroplastic; Catalyzes the rate-limiting step of the oxidative pentose- phosphate pathway, which represents a route for the dissimilation of carbohydrates besides glycolysis. The main function of this enzyme is to provide reducing power (NADPH) and pentose phosphates for fatty acid and nucleic acid synthesis which are involved in membrane synthesis and cell division. (599 aa) |
| | BAM6 | Beta-amylase 6; Belongs to the glycosyl hydrolase 14 family. (577 aa) |
| | GH9C3 | Endoglucanase 19; Belongs to the glycosyl hydrolase 9 (cellulase E) family. (626 aa) |
| | KING1 | SNF1-related protein kinase regulatory subunit gamma-1; Regulatory subunit of the probable trimeric SNF1-related protein kinase (SnRK) complex, which may play a role in a signal transduction cascade regulating gene expression and carbohydrate metabolism in higher plants. The SnRK complex may also be involved in the regulation of fatty acid synthesis by phosphorylation of acetyl-CoA carboxylase and in assimilation of nitrogen by phosphorylating nitrate reductase. (424 aa) |
| | XYN1 | Endo-1,4-beta-xylanase 1; Binds to and hydrolyzes insoluble and soluble xylan substrates (By similarity). Exhibits xylanase activity. (945 aa) |
| | XYN5 | Endo-1,4-beta-xylanase 5; Binds to and hydrolyzes insoluble and soluble xylan substrates. (569 aa) |
| | RBSK | Ribokinase; Catalyzes the phosphorylation of ribose at O-5 in a reaction requiring ATP and magnesium. The resulting D-ribose-5-phosphate can then be used either for sythesis of nucleotides, histidine, and tryptophan, or as a component of the pentose phosphate pathway (By similarity). Can also use xylose and fructose as carbohydrate substrates with a low efficiency. Can use GTP, and, to a lower extent, CTP and UTP as alternative phosphoryl donors. (379 aa) |
| | MUR4 | UDP-arabinose 4-epimerase 1; Acts as a UDP-D-xylose 4-epimerase but lacks both UDP-D- glucose and UDP-D-glucuronic acid 4-epimerase activities in vitro. Belongs to the NAD(P)-dependent epimerase/dehydratase family. (419 aa) |
| | GWD1 | Alpha-glucan water dikinase 1, chloroplastic; Mediates the incorporation of phosphate into starch-like alpha-glucan, mostly at the C-6 position of glucose units. Acts as an overall regulator of starch mobilization. Required for starch degradation, suggesting that the phosphate content of starch regulates its degradability; Belongs to the PEP-utilizing enzyme family. (1399 aa) |
| | GH9B7 | Endoglucanase 10; Belongs to the glycosyl hydrolase 9 (cellulase E) family. (525 aa) |
| | UGE3 | Bifunctional UDP-glucose 4-epimerase and UDP-xylose 4-epimerase 3; Catalyzes the interconversion between UDP-glucose and UDP- galactose and the interconversion between UDP-arabinose and UDP-xylose. Cooperates with UGE2 in pollen development. (351 aa) |
| | OFUT10 | O-fucosyltransferase 10; Belongs to the glycosyltransferase GT106 family. (460 aa) |
| | OFUT29 | O-fucosyltransferase 29; Belongs to the glycosyltransferase GT106 family. (549 aa) |
| | RFS6 | Probable galactinol--sucrose galactosyltransferase 6; Transglycosidase operating by a ping-pong reaction mechanism. Involved in the synthesis of raffinose, a major soluble carbohydrate in seeds, roots and tubers (By similarity). (749 aa) |
| | DPE2 | 4-alpha-glucanotransferase DPE2; Cytosolic alpha-glucanotransferase essential for the cytosolic metabolism of maltose, an intermediate on the pathway by which starch is converted to sucrose in leaves at night. Metabolizes maltose exported from the chloroplast and is specific for beta-maltose. May play a role in freezing tolerance. Temperature drop induces inactivation of DPE2 that leads to rapid accumulation of maltose, a solute that protects cells from freezing damage. Belongs to the disproportionating enzyme family. (955 aa) |
| | OFUT13 | O-fucosyltransferase 13. (439 aa) |
| | GH9B11 | Endoglucanase 14; Belongs to the glycosyl hydrolase 9 (cellulase E) family. (491 aa) |
| | GALAK | Galacturonokinase; Sugar-1-kinase with a strict substrate specificity for the alpha-anomeric configuration of D-galacturonic acid (D-GalA) and ATP. Involved in the biosynthesis of UDP-galacturonic acid (UDP-GalA) from the salvaged GalA that is released during growth-dependent cell wall restructuring; Belongs to the GHMP kinase family. (424 aa) |
| | GH9A4 | Endoglucanase 16; Belongs to the glycosyl hydrolase 9 (cellulase E) family. (486 aa) |
| | BAM9 | Inactive beta-amylase 9. (536 aa) |
| | AMY1 | Alpha-amylase 1; Possesses alpha-amylase activity in vitro, but seems not required for breakdown of transitory starch in leaves. (423 aa) |
| | OFUT1 | O-fucosyltransferase 1; Belongs to the glycosyltransferase GT106 family. (519 aa) |
| | GH9B18 | Endoglucanase 24; Belongs to the glycosyl hydrolase 9 (cellulase E) family. (497 aa) |
| | GLCAK1 | Glucuronokinase 1; Sugar-1-kinase with a strict substrate specificity for D- glucuronic acid and ATP. Involved in the biosynthesis of UDP-glucuronic acid (UDP-GlcA), providing nucleotide sugars for cell-wall polymers. May be also involved in a salvage pathway for glucuronic acid. (362 aa) |
| | RRT2 | Rhamnogalacturonan I rhamnosyltransferase 1; Glycosyltransferase involved in the formation of rhamnogalacturonan I (RG-I) oligosaccharides in the seed coat mucilage, which is a specialized cell wall with abundant RG-I (By similarity). Transfers the rhamnose residue from UDP-beta-L-rhamnose to RG-I oligosaccharides. (512 aa) |
| | G6PD4 | Inactive glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase 4, chloroplastic; Seems to be a catalytically inactive enzyme. Belongs to the glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase family. (625 aa) |
| | OFUT7 | O-fucosyltransferase 7; Belongs to the glycosyltransferase GT106 family. (565 aa) |
| | INVC | Alkaline/neutral invertase C, mitochondrial; Mitochondrial invertase that cleaves sucrose into glucose and fructose and is involved in the regulation of aerial tissue development and floral transition. May be modulating hormone balance in relation to the radicle emergence; Belongs to the glycosyl hydrolase 100 family. (664 aa) |
| | OFUT6 | O-fucosyltransferase 6; Belongs to the glycosyltransferase GT106 family. (564 aa) |
| | OFUT4 | O-fucosyltransferase 4; Belongs to the glycosyltransferase GT106 family. (562 aa) |
| | OFUT15 | O-fucosyltransferase 15; Belongs to the glycosyltransferase GT106 family. (652 aa) |
| | OFUT8 | O-fucosyltransferase 8. (611 aa) |
| | INVD | Probable alkaline/neutral invertase D; Invertase that cleaves sucrose into glucose and fructose. Belongs to the glycosyl hydrolase 100 family. (534 aa) |
| | OFUT2 | O-fucosyltransferase 2. (590 aa) |
| | LSF1 | Phosphoglucan phosphatase LSF1, chloroplastic; Starch granule-associated phosphoglucan phosphatase involved in the control of starch accumulation. Participates in the regulation of the initial steps of starch degradation at the granule surface. May release a different set of phosphate groups from those removed by DSP4. (591 aa) |
| | EDA30 | Protein EMBRYO SAC DEVELOPMENT ARREST 30. (656 aa) |
| | XYL2 | Putative alpha-xylosidase 2; Belongs to the glycosyl hydrolase 31 family. (868 aa) |
| | XYN3 | Endo-1,4-beta-xylanase 3; Binds to and hydrolyzes insoluble and soluble xylan substrates; Belongs to the glycosyl hydrolase 10 (cellulase F) family. (752 aa) |
| | GOLS10 | Galactinol synthase 10; Galactinol synthase involved in the biosynthesis of raffinose family oligosaccharides (RFOs) that function as osmoprotectants. May promote plant stress tolerance (By similarity); Belongs to the glycosyltransferase 8 family. Galactosyltransferase subfamily. (328 aa) |
