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| | ORTH3 | E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase ORTHRUS 3; E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase. May participate in CpG methylation-dependent transcriptional regulation (By similarity). (660 aa) |
| | PRMT14 | Probable histone-arginine methyltransferase 1.4; Methylates (mono- and asymmetric dimethylation) the guanidino nitrogens of arginyl residues in several proteins involved in DNA packaging, transcription regulation, and mRNA stability. Recruited to promoters upon gene activation, methylates histone H3 and activates transcription via chromatin remodeling; Belongs to the class I-like SAM-binding methyltransferase superfamily. Protein arginine N-methyltransferase family. (528 aa) |
| | ING2 | PHD finger protein ING2; Histone-binding component that specifically recognizes H3 tails trimethylated on 'Lys-4' (H3K4me3), which mark transcription start sites of virtually all active genes. (262 aa) |
| | JMJ16 | Putative lysine-specific demethylase JMJ16; May function as histone H3 lysine demethylase and be involved in regulation of gene expression. (1209 aa) |
| | ATRX | Protein CHROMATIN REMODELING 20; Involved in transcriptional regulation and chromatin remodeling. Facilitates DNA replication in multiple cellular environments and is required for efficient replication of a subset of genomic loci. Binds to DNA tandem repeat sequences in both telomeres and euchromatin and in vitro binds DNA quadruplex structures. May help stabilizing G-rich regions into regular chromatin structures by remodeling G4 DNA and incorporating H3.3-containing nucleosomes (By similarity). Involved in DNA repair of gamma-irradiation-mediated damages. (1479 aa) |
| | JMJ18 | Lysine-specific demethylase JMJ18; Histone demethylase that demethylates 'Lys-4' (H3K4me) of histone H3 with a specific activity for H3K4me3 and H3K4me2. No activity on H3K9me3/2, H3K27me3/2 and H3K36me3/2. Involved in the control of flowering time by demethylating H3K4me3 at the FLC locus and repressing its expression. The repression of FLC level and reduction in H3K4me3 at the FLC locus results in induction of the flowering activator FT, which is a downstream target of FLC. (819 aa) |
| | UBN2 | Ubinuclein-2; May be required for replication-independent chromatin assembly; Belongs to the ubinuclein family. (717 aa) |
| | CHR10 | Probable helicase CHR10; Probable helicase-like transcription factor. (877 aa) |
| | CHR5 | Protein CHROMATIN REMODELING 5; DNA-binding helicase that specifically binds to the promoter of target genes, leading to chromatin remodeling, possibly by promoting deposition of histone H3.3 (By similarity). Probable chromatin remodeling factor. (1724 aa) |
| | EAF1B | Chromatin modification-related protein EAF1 B; Component of the NuA4 histone acetyltransferase complex which is involved in transcriptional activation of selected genes principally by acetylation of nucleosomal histone H4 and H2A. (1907 aa) |
| | EAF1A | Chromatin modification-related protein EAF1 A; Component of the NuA4 histone acetyltransferase complex which is involved in transcriptional activation of selected genes principally by acetylation of nucleosomal histone H4 and H2A. (1957 aa) |
| | CHR12 | Probable ATP-dependent DNA helicase CHR12; Probable chromatin-remodeling factor that is functionally redundant with CHR23 in root and shoot stem cell initiation, and root apical meristem (RAM) and shoot apical meristem (SAM) maintenance. Plays an important role in mediating the temporary plant growth arrest induced upon perception of stress. May promote seed maturation and repress initiation of germination. (1102 aa) |
| | T27D20.8 | Chromatin remodeling protein At4g04260; Chromatin remodeling factor that binds to methylated histone (e.g. H3K4me2/3) to prevent their acetylation (e.g. H3K9K14Ac), likely by recruiting histone deacetylase (HDAC) complexes, and thus regulate the transcription of target genes. (240 aa) |
| | EBS | Chromatin remodeling protein EBS; Chromatin remodeling factor that binds to methylated histone (e.g. H3K4me2/3) to prevent their acetylation (e.g. H3K9K14Ac), likely by recruiting histone deacetylase (HDAC) complexes, and thus regulating the transcription of target genes. Negative regulator in developmental processes in a gibberellic acid- (GA-) dependent manner, such as germination, flowering induction, and flower organ specification, probably by modulating developmental gene expression. Involved in the chromatin-mediated repression of floral initiation and controls genes regulating f [...] (234 aa) |
| | LDL3 | Lysine-specific histone demethylase 1 homolog 3; Probable histone demethylase that reduces the levels of histone H3 'Lys-4' methylation in chromatin. (1628 aa) |
| | MORC3 | Protein MICRORCHIDIA 3; Exhibits ATPase activity. Binds DNA/RNA in a non-specific manner and exhibits endonuclease activity. Probably involved in DNA repair. Involved in RNA-directed DNA methylation (RdDM) as a component of the RdDM machinery and required for gene silencing. May also be involved in the regulation of chromatin architecture to maintain gene silencing. (589 aa) |
| | MORC7 | Protein MICRORCHIDIA 7; Exhibits ATPase activity. Binds DNA/RNA in a non-specific manner and exhibits endonuclease activity. Probably involved in DNA repair. Involved in RNA-directed DNA methylation (RdDM) as a component of the RdDM machinery and required for gene silencing. May also be involved in the regulation of chromatin architecture to maintain gene silencing. Together with MORC4, acts to suppress a wide set of non- methylated protein-coding genes, especially involved in pathogen response. Positive regulators of defense against the oomycete Hyaloperonospora arabidopsidis (Hpa). (707 aa) |
| | CHR7 | CHD3-type chromatin-remodeling factor CHR7; Chromatin remodeling factor that represses the expression of embryonic trait genes upon and after seed germination and thus enables the developmental switch to post-germinative growth. (1202 aa) |
| | CABIN1 | Calcineurin-binding protein 1; May be required for replication-independent chromatin assembly. (1863 aa) |
| | CHR17 | ISWI chromatin-remodeling complex ATPase CHR17; Possesses intrinsic ATP-dependent nucleosome-remodeling activity. Constitutes the catalytic subunit of several complexes capable of forming ordered nucleosome arrays on chromatin (By similarity). Involved in the formation of nucleosome distribution patterns. Required for the maintenance of the plant vegetative phase. In association with RLT1 or RLT2 may prevent the early activation of the vegetative-to-reproductive transition by regulating key genes that contribute to flower timing, such as FT, SEP1, SEP3, AGL8/FUL, SOC1 and FLC. Necessar [...] (1069 aa) |
| | CHR23 | Probable ATP-dependent DNA helicase CHR23; Probable chromatin-remodeling factor that is functionally redundant with CHR12 in root and shoot stem cell initiation and root apical meristem (RAM) and shoot apical meristem (SAM) maintenance. Can associate with the promoter region of WOX5. May promote seed maturation and repress initiation of germination. May repress plant growth. (1064 aa) |
| | ATXR7 | Histone-lysine N-methyltransferase ATXR7; Histone methyltransferase involved in regulation of flowering time. Required for the expression of the flowering repressors FLC and MADS-box genes of the MAF family. Required for histone H3 dimethylation on 'Lys-36' H3K36me2 at the FLC locus. Required for histone H3 trimethylation on 'Lys-4' (H3K4me3) at the FLC locus. Prevents trimethylation on 'Lys-27' (H3K27me3) at the same locus. Involved in the control of seed dormancy and germination. Belongs to the class V-like SAM-binding methyltransferase superfamily. Histone-lysine methyltransferase f [...] (1423 aa) |
| | MORC5 | Protein MICRORCHIDIA 5; Exhibits ATPase activity. Binds DNA/RNA in a non-specific manner and exhibits endonuclease activity. Probably involved in DNA repair. Involved in RNA-directed DNA methylation (RdDM) as a component of the RdDM machinery and required for gene silencing. May also be involved in the regulation of chromatin architecture to maintain gene silencing. (708 aa) |
| | EDM2 | Protein ENHANCED DOWNY MILDEW 2; Cellular antisilencing factor and regulator of genome DNA methylation patterns involved in the regulation of chromatin states. Together with SUVH4, monitors repressive epigenetic marks H3K27me1, H3K9me2, and prevents DNA-methylation at CHG sites, affecting especially the expression of transposons and developmentally important genes. Regulates alternative RNA processing such as distal 3' polyadenylation by intronic heterochromatin. Transcription factor that binds DNA and contributes to transcriptional transposable element (TE) silencing by modulating lev [...] (1297 aa) |
| | MORC4 | Protein MICRORCHIDIA 4; Exhibits ATPase activity. Binds DNA/RNA in a non-specific manner and exhibits endonuclease activity. Probably involved in DNA repair. Involved in RNA-directed DNA methylation (RdDM) as a component of the RdDM machinery and required for gene silencing. May also be involved in the regulation of chromatin architecture to maintain gene silencing. Together with MORC7, acts to suppress a wide set of non- methylated protein-coding genes, especially involved in pathogen response. Positive regulator of defense against the oomycete Hyaloperonospora arabidopsidis (Hpa). (800 aa) |
| | CHR4 | Protein CHROMATIN REMODELING 4; Chromatin-remodeling protein that binds DNA through histones and regulates gene transcription. May specifically recognize and bind trimethylated 'Lys-27' (H3K27me3) and non-methylated 'Lys-4' of histone H3 (By similarity). Probable chromatin remodeling factor. Belongs to the SNF2/RAD54 helicase family. (2223 aa) |
| | HDA19 | Histone deacetylase 19; Responsible for the deacetylation of lysine residues on the N-terminal part of the core histones (H2A, H2B, H3 and H4). Histone deacetylation gives a tag for epigenetic repression and plays an important role in transcriptional regulation, cell cycle progression and developmental events. Histone deacetylases act via the formation of large multiprotein complexes. HDA19 is involved in jasmonic acid and ethylene signaling of pathogen response. Part of a repressor complex including APETALA2 (AP2) and TOPLESS (TPL) that control the expression domains of numerous flora [...] (501 aa) |
| | MSI1 | Histone-binding protein MSI1; Core histone-binding subunit that may target chromatin assembly factors, chromatin remodeling factors and histone deacetylases to their histone substrates in a manner that is regulated by nucleosomal DNA. Component of several complexes which regulate chromatin metabolism. These include the chromatin assembly factor 1 (CAF-1) complex, which is required for chromatin assembly following DNA replication and DNA repair, and the fertilization independent seed (FIS) complex, a polycomb group protein complex which is required to maintain the transcriptionally repr [...] (424 aa) |
| | MSI2 | WD-40 repeat-containing protein MSI2; Core histone-binding subunit that may target chromatin assembly factors, chromatin remodeling factors and histone deacetylases to their histone substrates in a manner that is regulated by nucleosomal DNA. (415 aa) |
| | MSI3 | WD-40 repeat-containing protein MSI3; Core histone-binding subunit that may target chromatin assembly factors, chromatin remodeling factors and histone deacetylases to their histone substrates in a manner that is regulated by nucleosomal DNA; Belongs to the WD repeat RBAP46/RBAP48/MSI1 family. (424 aa) |
| | MSI4 | WD-40 repeat-containing protein MSI4; Core histone-binding subunit that may target chromatin assembly factors, chromatin remodeling factors and histone deacetylases to their histone substrates in a manner that is regulated by nucleosomal DNA. Component of the flowering autonomous pathway which positively regulates flowering by promoting transcriptional repression of the flowering repressor FLC. May promote histone deacetylation at the FLC locus leading to the formation of repressive chromatin structures. Also negatively regulates cold-responsive genes. (507 aa) |
| | SUVH2 | Histone-lysine N-methyltransferase family member SUVH2; Histone methyltransferase family member that plays a central role in gene silencing. Together with MORC6 and SUVH9, regulates the silencing of some transposable elements (TEs). According to it is required for normal methylation of 'Lys-9' and 'Lys-27' of histone H3, 'Lys-20' of H4, and cytosine, but see no significant effect on histone methylation when the gene is mutated. According to the protein does not bind S-adenosyl-L-methionine and lacks methyltransferase activity. Instead, it may function downstream of DRM2 in RNA-directed [...] (651 aa) |
| | MET4 | DNA (cytosine-5)-methyltransferase 4; Maintains chromatin CpG methylation that plays a role in genomic imprinting, regulation of embryogenesis and seed viability. Required for proper patterns of CG DNA methylation in dividing cells (By similarity). (1519 aa) |
| | ATXR3 | Histone-lysine N-methyltransferase ATXR3; Histone methyltransferase specifically required for trimethylation of 'Lys-4' of histone H3 (H3K4me3) and is crucial for both sporophyte and gametophyte development. (2335 aa) |
| | CMT1 | Putative DNA (cytosine-5)-methyltransferase CMT1; May be involved in the CpXpG methylation and in gene silencing; Belongs to the class I-like SAM-binding methyltransferase superfamily. C5-methyltransferase family. (791 aa) |
| | JMJ15 | Lysine-specific demethylase JMJ15; Histone demethylase that demethylates 'Lys-4' (H3K4me) of histone H3 with a specific activity for H3K4me3. No activity on H3K4me2, H3K4me1, H3K9me3/2, H3K27me3/2 and H3K36me3/2. Involved in the control of flowering time by demethylating H3K4me3 at the FLC locus and repressing its expression. The repression of FLC level and reduction in H3K4me3 at the FLC locus results in induction of the flowering activator FT, which is a downstream target of FLC. (806 aa) |
| | SUVR5 | Histone-lysine N-methyltransferase SUVR5; Histone methyltransferase that functions together with its binding partner LDL1/SWP1 as one of the regulators of flower timing in Arabidopsis. Mediates H3K9me2 deposition and regulates gene expression in a DNA methylation-independent manner. Binds DNA through its zinc fingers and represses the expression of a subset of stimulus response genes. May represent a novel mechanism for plants to regulate their chromatin and transcriptional state, which may allow for the adaptability and modulation necessary to rapidly respond to environment or develop [...] (1382 aa) |
| | AL4 | PHD finger protein ALFIN-LIKE 4; Histone-binding component that specifically recognizes H3 tails trimethylated on 'Lys-4' (H3K4me3), which mark transcription start sites of virtually all active genes. (255 aa) |
| | SUVH5 | Histone-lysine N-methyltransferase, H3 lysine-9 specific SUVH5; Histone methyltransferase. Methylates 'Lys-9' of histone H3. H3 'Lys-9' methylation represents a specific tag for epigenetic transcriptional repression; Belongs to the class V-like SAM-binding methyltransferase superfamily. Histone-lysine methyltransferase family. Suvar3-9 subfamily. (794 aa) |
| | PRMT12 | Probable protein arginine N-methyltransferase 1.2; Methylates (mono and asymmetric dimethylation) the guanidino nitrogens of arginyl residues present in a glycine and arginine-rich domain. Type I arginine methyltransferase active on both histones and non-histone proteins. Mediates the methylation of MED36A. (366 aa) |
| | ATX2 | Histone-lysine N-methyltransferase ATX2; Histone methyltransferase. Dimethylates 'Lys-4' of histone H3 (H3K4me2). H3 'Lys-4' methylation represents a specific tag for epigenetic transcriptional activation. Methylates only a limited fraction of nucleosomes of target genes (e.g. NAP and XTH33). Involved in epigenetic regulation of the floral repressor FLC and FT to prevent the transition from vegetative to reproductive development. (1083 aa) |
| | DMT1 | DNA (cytosine-5)-methyltransferase 1; Maintains chromatin CpG methylation that plays a role in genomic imprinting, regulation of embryogenesis and seed viability. Required for proper patterns of CG DNA methylation in dividing cells. Required for MEA promoter methylation in seeds. (1534 aa) |
| | BSH | Chromatin structure-remodeling complex protein BSH; Component of a multiprotein complex equivalent of the yeast SWI/SNF complex, an ATP-dependent chromatin-remodeling complex, which is required for the positive and negative regulation of gene expression of a large number of genes. It changes chromatin structure by altering DNA-histone contacts within a nucleosome, leading eventually to a change in nucleosome position, thus facilitating or repressing binding of gene-specific transcription factors; Belongs to the SNF5 family. (240 aa) |
| | CLF | Histone-lysine N-methyltransferase CLF; Polycomb group (PcG) protein. Catalytic subunit of some PcG multiprotein complex, which methylates 'Lys-27' of histone H3, leading to transcriptional repression of the affected target genes. Required to regulate floral development by repressing the AGAMOUS homeotic gene in leaves, inflorescence stems and flowers. Together with ATX1, modulates AG nucleosome methylation statement. Regulates the antero-posterior organization of the endosperm, as well as the division and elongation rates of leaf cells. PcG proteins act by forming multiprotein complex [...] (902 aa) |
| | RING1B | Putative E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase RING1b; Putative E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that mediates monoubiquitination of 'Lys-119' of histone H2A (H2AK119ub), thereby playing a central role in histone code and gene regulation. (460 aa) |
| | ASHH2 | Histone-lysine N-methyltransferase ASHH2; Histone methyltransferase involved in di and tri-methylation of 'Lys-36' of histone H3 (H3K36me2 and H3K36me3). Binds to H3 already mono- or di-methylated on 'Lys-4'(H3K4me1 or H3K4me2), but not to H3K4me3. H3K4me and H3K36me represent specific tags for epigenetic transcriptional activation. Regulates positively FLC transcription to prevent early flowering transition. Required for flowering transition in response to vernalization and for the maintenance of FLC expression in late embryos, but dispensable for the initial reactivation in early emb [...] (1759 aa) |
| | SUVH10 | Putative inactive histone-lysine N-methyltransferase family member SUVH10; Histone methyltransferase family member that may lack methyltransferase activity. May methylate 'Lys-9' of histone H3. H3 'Lys-9' methylation represents a specific tag for epigenetic transcriptional repression (Potential). (312 aa) |
| | MRG2 | Protein MRG2; Chromatin remodeling factor. Acts as a 'reader' protein by binding to H3K4me3 and H3K36me3 to control histone H4 acetylation. Increases the transcriptional levels of the flowering time genes FLC and FT. Binds the chromatin at the FT promoter upon interaction with CO. (327 aa) |
| | AGDP1 | Protein AGENET DOMAIN (AGD)-CONTAINING P1; Heterochromatin-binding protein that preferentially occupies long transposons and specifically recognizes the histone H3 'Lys-9' methylation (H3K9me) marks, whith a stronger affinity for dimethylated H3K9 (H3K9me2). Required for transcriptional silencing, non-CG DNA methylation (e.g. CHG and CHH regions), and H3K9 dimethylation (H3K9me2) at some loci. Mediates heterochromatin phase separation and chromocenter formation. (517 aa) |
| | SGF29B | SAGA-associated factor 29 homolog B; Chromatin reader component of the transcription regulatory histone acetylation (HAT) complexe SAGA. Belongs to the SGF29 family. (273 aa) |
| | HDT2 | Histone deacetylase HDT2; Probably mediates the deacetylation of lysine residues on the N-terminal part of the core histones (H2A, H2B, H3 and H4). Histone deacetylation gives a tag for epigenetic repression and plays an important role in transcriptional regulation, cell cycle progression and developmental events; Belongs to the histone deacetylase HD2 family. (306 aa) |
| | MORC6 | Protein MICRORCHIDIA 6; Involved in RNA-directed DNA methylation (RdDM) as a component of the RdDM machinery and required for gene silencing. Together with SUVH2 and SUVH9, regulates the silencing of some transposable elements (TEs). Exhibits ATPase activity. May also be involved in the regulation of chromatin architecture/condensation to maintain gene silencing. Binds DNA/RNA in a non-specific manner and exhibits endonuclease activity. Probably involved in DNA repair (By similarity). Positive regulator of defense against the oomycete Hyaloperonospora arabidopsidis (Hpa). Belongs to th [...] (663 aa) |
| | MORC2 | Protein MICRORCHIDIA 2; Mediator of defense signaling triggered by distinct classes of R proteins. Required during hypersensitive response (HR) that confers disease resistance to turnip crinkle virus (TCV). Contributes to resistance against Pseudomonas syringae and Hyaloperonospora arabidopsidis, at early stages prior to cytosolic calcium ions Ca(2+) accumulation. Required for pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP)-triggered immunity, basal resistance, non-host resistance and systemic acquired resistance (SAR). Involved in RNA-directed DNA methylation (RdDM) as a component of the [...] (626 aa) |
| | ATXR2 | Histone-lysine N-methyltransferase ATXR2; Histone methyltransferase. (473 aa) |
| | AL5 | PHD finger protein ALFIN-LIKE 5; Histone-binding component that specifically recognizes H3 tails trimethylated on 'Lys-4' (H3K4me3), which mark transcription start sites of virtually all active genes. (260 aa) |
| | ORTH5 | E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase ORTHRUS 5; E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase. Participates in CpG methylation- dependent transcriptional regulation and epigenetic transcriptional silencing. Mediates ubiquitination with the E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme UBC11. (623 aa) |
| | ORTHL | E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase ORTHRUS-LIKE 1; E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase. May participate in methylation- dependent transcriptional regulation. Mediates ubiquitination with the E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme UBC11. (465 aa) |
| | ELF6 | Probable lysine-specific demethylase ELF6; Acts probably as a histone 'Lys-4' (H3K4me) demethylase. Involved in transcriptional gene regulation. Acts as a repressor of the photoperiodic flowering pathway and of FT. Binds around the transcription start site of the FT locus. (1340 aa) |
| | BRM | ATP-dependent helicase BRM; ATPase subunit of a multiprotein complex equivalent of the SWI/SNF complex that acts by remodeling the chromatin by catalyzing an ATP-dependent alteration in the structure of nucleosomal DNA. Represses embryonic genes in leaves and controls shoot development and flowering. Activates flower homeotic genes. The association of BRM with its target genes requires REF6. Necessary to acquire heat stress (HS) memory, by globally binding to HS memory genes. (2193 aa) |
| | ENY2 | Transcription and mRNA export factor ENY2; Component of a deubiquitination module (DUB module) that specifically deubiquinates monoubiquinated histone H2B (H2Bub). Does not seem to be a component of the TREX-2 complex. Seems to act independently of the SAGA multiprotein complex. The DUB module is responsible for the major H2Bub deubiquitinase activity in Arabidopsis ; Belongs to the ENY2 family. (115 aa) |
| | TAF1B | Transcription initiation factor TFIID subunit 1b; TAFs are components of the transcription factor IID (TFIID) complex that is essential for mediating regulation of RNA polymerase transcription. Core scaffold of the TFIID complex. Acts as a histone acetyltransferase involved in the light regulation of growth and gene expression. Required for H3K9, H3K27, and H4K12 acetylation on the target promoters. (1786 aa) |
| | TSK | Protein TONSOKU; Required for cell arrangement in root and shoot apical meristems. Involved in structural and functional stabilization of chromatin and may represent a link between response to DNA damage and epigenetic gene silencing. May be involved, when interacting with TSA1, in the organization of spindle microtubules. Belongs to the Tonsoku family. (1311 aa) |
| | PIE1 | Protein PHOTOPERIOD-INDEPENDENT EARLY FLOWERING 1; Component of the SWR1 complex which mediates the ATP- dependent exchange of histone H2A for the H2A variant H2A.F/Z leading to transcriptional regulation of selected genes (e.g. FLC) by chromatin remodeling. Probable DNA-dependent ATPase. Not involved in the repression of FLC in gametophytes, but required for the reactivation of FLC in early embryos and for the maintenance of full activation of FLC in late embryos. Belongs to the SNF2/RAD54 helicase family. SWR1 subfamily. (2055 aa) |
| | ASHR1 | Histone-lysine N-methyltransferase ASHR1; Histone methyltransferase; Belongs to the class V-like SAM-binding methyltransferase superfamily. Histone-lysine methyltransferase family. SET2 subfamily. (480 aa) |
| | MNF13.4 | Ribosomal RNA-processing protein 8; Probable methyltransferase required to silence rDNA. (287 aa) |
| | SWI3B | SWI/SNF complex subunit SWI3B; Component of a multiprotein complex equivalent of the SWI/SNF complex, an ATP-dependent chromatin-remodeling complex, which is required for the positive and negative regulation of gene expression of a large number of genes. It changes chromatin structure by altering DNA-histone contacts within a nucleosome, leading eventually to a change in nucleosome position, thus facilitating or repressing binding of gene-specific transcription factors. May play an essential role in the transition from the vegetative to the reproductive phase of development. May be a p [...] (469 aa) |
| | ARP4 | Actin-related protein 4; Involved in several developmental processes including organization of plant organs, flowering time, anther development, flower senescence and fertility, probably by regulating the chromatin structure. (441 aa) |
| | PRMT13 | Probable histone-arginine methyltransferase 1.3; Methylates (mono- and asymmetric dimethylation) the guanidino nitrogens of arginyl residues in several proteins involved in DNA packaging, transcription regulation, and mRNA stability (By similarity). Recruited to promoters upon gene activation, methylates histone H3 and activates transcription via chromatin remodeling. Positive regulator in the oxidative stress tolerance that promotes the expression of enzymes preventing oxidative stress such as APX1 and GPX1 by histone methylation (H3R17me2a). Confers tolerance to cadmium CdCl(2) and s [...] (535 aa) |
| | MORC1 | Protein MICRORCHIDIA 1; Mediator of defense signaling triggered by distinct classes of R proteins. Required during hypersensitive response (HR) that confers disease resistance to turnip crinkle virus (TCV). Exhibits ATPase activity. Contributes to resistance against Pseudomonas syringae and Hyaloperonospora arabidopsidis, at early stages prior to cytosolic calcium ions Ca(2+) accumulation. Required for pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP)-triggered immunity (PTI), basal resistance, non-host resistance and systemic acquired resistance (SAR). Binds DNA/RNA in a non-specific manne [...] (635 aa) |
| | ASHH1 | Histone-lysine N-methyltransferase ASHH1; Histone methyltransferase involved in regulation of flowering time. Required for the expression of the SOC1/AGL20 gene. Required for histone H3 trimethylation on 'Lys-4' (H3K4me3) at the SOC1 locus. Prevents trimethylation on 'Lys-27' (H3K27me3) at the same locus. Belongs to the class V-like SAM-binding methyltransferase superfamily. Histone-lysine methyltransferase family. SET2 subfamily. (492 aa) |
| | JMJ14 | Probable lysine-specific demethylase JMJ14; Transcriptional repressor. Histone demethylase that demethylates 'Lys-4' (H3K4me) of histone H3 with a higher activity for H3K4me3 and H3K4me2 than H3K4me1. No activity on H3K9me3/2, H3K36me3/2 and H3K27me3/2. Represses FT and TSF expression to inhibit the floral transition. Binds around the transcription start site of the FT locus. Involved in the DRM2-mediated maintenance of DNA methylation, but not required for the de novo DNA methylation. Required for demethylating histone H3K4me3 at the target of RNA silencing. Together with NAC051/NAC05 [...] (954 aa) |
| | PMRT15 | Protein arginine N-methyltransferase 1.5; Methylates arginine residues of myelin basic protein (MBP) in vitro. Methylates symmetrically histone H4 of the FLC chromatin to form H4R3me2s, which in turn suppresses FLC expression to induce flowering. Regulates alternative splicing by methylating spliceosomal proteins. Involved in the post-transcriptional regulation of the circadian clock. Belongs to the class I-like SAM-binding methyltransferase superfamily. Protein arginine N-methyltransferase family. (642 aa) |
| | HDA15 | Histone deacetylase 15; Responsible for the deacetylation of lysine residues on the N-terminal part of the core histones (H2A, H2B, H3 and H4). Histone deacetylation gives a tag for epigenetic repression and plays an important role in transcriptional regulation, cell cycle progression and developmental events. Histone deacetylases act via the formation of large multiprotein complexes (By similarity). (552 aa) |
| | ATX5 | Histone-lysine N-methyltransferase ATX5; Histone methyltransferase. (1043 aa) |
| | SUVH4 | Histone-lysine N-methyltransferase, H3 lysine-9 specific SUVH4; Histone methyltransferase. Methylates 'Lys-9' of histone H3. H3 'Lys-9' methylation represents a specific tag for epigenetic transcriptional repression. The silencing mechanism via DNA CpNpG methylation requires the targeting of chromomethylase CMT3 to methylated histones, probably through an interaction with an HP1-like adapter. By its function, KYP is directly required for the maintenance of the DNA CpNpG and asymmetric methylation. Involved in the silencing of transposable elements. Belongs to the class V-like SAM-bindi [...] (624 aa) |
| | HDA9 | Histone deacetylase 9; Responsible for the deacetylation of lysine residues on the N-terminal part of the core histones (H2A, H2B, H3 and H4). Histone deacetylation gives a tag for epigenetic repression and plays an important role in transcriptional regulation, cell cycle progression and developmental events. Histone deacetylases act via the formation of large multiprotein complexes (By similarity); Belongs to the histone deacetylase family. HD type 1 subfamily. (426 aa) |
| | ARP7 | Actin-related protein 7; Essential protein required during embryogenesis and all plant development stages, probably through a chromatin-mediated regulation of gene expression; Belongs to the actin family. Plant ARP7 subfamily. (363 aa) |
| | EMF2 | Polycomb group protein EMBRYONIC FLOWER 2; Polycomb group (PcG) protein. Involved in flowering processes by repressing unknown target genes and preventing reproductive development. Participates in polycomb group (PcG) protein complex- mediated (probably in complex with EMF1) silencing of the flower homeotic genes AGAMOUS (AG), PISTILLATA (PI), and APETALA3 (AP3), as well as of some regulatory genes such as ABSCISIC ACID INSENSITIVE3 (ABI3), LONG VEGETATIVE PHASE1 (LOV1), and FLOWERING LOCUS C (FLC) during vegetative development, by mediating trimethylation of histone 3 lysine 27 on the [...] (631 aa) |
| | AL7 | PHD finger protein ALFIN-LIKE 7; Histone-binding component that specifically recognizes H3 tails trimethylated on 'Lys-4' (H3K4me3), which mark transcription start sites of virtually all active genes. (252 aa) |
| | ARP6 | Actin-related protein 6; Component of the SWR1 complex which mediates the ATP- dependent exchange of histone H2A for the H2A variant H2A.F/Z leading to transcriptional regulation of selected genes (e.g. FLC) by chromatin remodeling. Binds to the promoter region of FLC chromatin. Required for the activation of FLC and FLC/MAF genes expression to levels that inhibit flowering, through both histone H3 and H4 acetylation and methylation mechanisms. Involved in several developmental processes including organization of plant organs, leaves formation, flowering time repression, and fertility. [...] (421 aa) |
| | HDA18 | Histone deacetylase 18; Responsible for the deacetylation of lysine residues on the N-terminal part of the core histones (H2A, H2B, H3 and H4). Histone deacetylation gives a tag for epigenetic repression and plays an important role in transcriptional regulation, cell cycle progression and developmental events. Required for appropriate cellular patterning in the root epidermis. Histone deacetylases act via the formation of large multiprotein complexes (By similarity). (682 aa) |
| | TAF1 | Transcription initiation factor TFIID subunit 1; TAFs are components of the transcription factor IID (TFIID) complex that is essential for mediating regulation of RNA polymerase transcription. Core scaffold of the TFIID complex (By similarity). Belongs to the TAF1 family. (1919 aa) |
| | CHR11 | ISWI chromatin-remodeling complex ATPase CHR11; Possesses intrinsic ATP-dependent nucleosome-remodeling activity. Constitutes the catalytic subunit of several complexes capable of forming ordered nucleosome arrays on chromatin (By similarity). Involved in the formation of nucleosome distribution patterns. Involved in nuclear proliferation during megagametogenesis and cell expansion in the sporophyte. Required for the maintenance of the plant vegetative phase. In association with RLT1 or RLT2 may prevent the early activation of the vegetative-to-reproductive transition by regulating key [...] (1056 aa) |
| | HDA5 | Histone deacetylase 5; Responsible for the deacetylation of lysine residues on the N-terminal part of the core histones (H2A, H2B, H3 and H4). Histone deacetylation gives a tag for epigenetic repression and plays an important role in transcriptional regulation, cell cycle progression and developmental events. Histone deacetylases act via the formation of large multiprotein complexes (By similarity). (660 aa) |
| | UBN1 | Ubinuclein-1; May be required for replication-independent chromatin assembly; Belongs to the ubinuclein family. (684 aa) |
| | HUB1 | E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase BRE1-like 1; E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that monoubiquitinates H2B to form H2BK143ub1. H2BK143ub1 gives a specific tag for epigenetic transcriptional activation and is also prerequisite for H3K4me and maybe H3K79me. It thereby plays a central role in histone code and gene regulation. Forms a ubiquitin ligase complex in cooperation with the E2 enzyme UBC2/RAD6. Required for the regulation of flowering time and defense against necrotrophic fungal pathogens. Involved in the control of seed dormancy and germination. Belongs to the BRE1 family. (878 aa) |
| | SGF29A | SAGA-associated factor 29 homolog A; Chromatin reader component of the transcription regulatory histone acetylation (HAT) complexe SAGA (By similarity). Involved in salt stress tolerance. Enhances the effect of ADA2B in the positive regulation of salt-induced gene expression. (270 aa) |
| | AL6 | PHD finger protein ALFIN-LIKE 6; Histone-binding component that specifically recognizes H3 tails trimethylated on 'Lys-4' (H3K4me3), which mark transcription start sites of virtually all active genes; Belongs to the Alfin family. (256 aa) |
| | LDL1 | Lysine-specific histone demethylase 1 homolog 1; Probable histone demethylase that reduces the levels of histone H3 'Lys-4' methylation in chromatin of the floral repressor FLOWERING LOCUS C (FLC) and the sporophytically silenced floral repressor FWA. Seems to act in partial redundancy with FLOWERING LOCUS D (FLD) to repress FLC expression. Required for cytosine methylation of FWA. Controls primary seed dormancy by regulating DOG1 and abscisic acid signaling-related genes. In association with OTU6/OTLD1, involved in transcriptional gene repression via histone deubiquitination and demet [...] (844 aa) |
| | SWI3D | SWI/SNF complex subunit SWI3D; Component of a multiprotein complex equivalent of the SWI/SNF complex, an ATP-dependent chromatin-remodeling complex, which is required for the positive and negative regulation of gene expression of a large number of genes. It changes chromatin structure by altering DNA-histone contacts within a nucleosome, leading eventually to a change in nucleosome position, thus facilitating or repressing binding of gene-specific transcription factors. (985 aa) |
| | ORTH2 | E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase ORTHRUS 2; E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase. Participates in CpG methylation- dependent transcriptional regulation and epigenetic transcriptional silencing. Mediates ubiquitination with the E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme UBC11. Promotes methylation-mediated gene silencing leading, for example, to early flowering. Associates with methylated DNA, and can bind to CpG, CpNpG, and CpNpN DNA motifs, with a strong preference for methylated forms, and with highest affinity for CpG substrate. Probably acts at the DNA methylation?histone interface to maintain centromeric [...] (645 aa) |
| | SUVH6 | Histone-lysine N-methyltransferase, H3 lysine-9 specific SUVH6; Histone methyltransferase. Methylates 'Lys-9' of histone H3. H3 'Lys-9' methylation represents a specific tag for epigenetic transcriptional repression. Seems to act preferentially on dsMRNA. (790 aa) |
| | ATXR5 | Histone-lysine N-methyltransferase ATXR5; Histone methyltransferase that specifically monomethylates 'Lys-27' of histone H3 (H3K27me1). Has much higher activity on nucleosomes containing H3.1 than H3.3. Involved in the formation of constitutive heterochromatin and the silencing of heterochromatic elements. Influences which sets of rRNA gene variants are expressed or silenced; Belongs to the class V-like SAM-binding methyltransferase superfamily. Histone-lysine methyltransferase family. TRX/MLL subfamily. (379 aa) |
| | SWC4 | SWR1-complex protein 4; Component of the SWR1 complex which mediates the ATP- dependent exchange of histone H2A for the H2A variant HZT1 leading to transcriptional regulation of selected genes by chromatin remodeling. Component of the NuA4 histone acetyltransferase complex which is involved in transcriptional activation of selected genes principally by acetylation of nucleosomal histone H4 and H2A. (441 aa) |
| | SWI3A | SWI/SNF complex subunit SWI3A; Component of a multiprotein complex equivalent of the SWI/SNF complex, an ATP-dependent chromatin-remodeling complex, which is required for the positive and negative regulation of gene expression of a large number of genes. It changes chromatin structure by altering DNA-histone contacts within a nucleosome, leading eventually to a change in nucleosome position, thus facilitating or repressing binding of gene-specific transcription factors. (512 aa) |
| | SUVR4 | Histone-lysine N-methyltransferase SUVR4; Histone methyltransferase that converts monomethylated 'Lys- 9' of histone H3 (H3K9me1) to dimethylated 'Lys-9' (H3K9me2) in the absence of bound ubiquitin, and to trimethylated 'Lys-9' (H3K9me3) in the presence of bound ubiquitin. Acts in a locus-specific manner and contributes to the transcriptional silencing of pseudogenes and transposons. H3 'Lys-9' methylation represents a specific tag for epigenetic transcriptional repression. (492 aa) |
| | HDA14 | Histone deacetylase 14; Responsible for the deacetylation of lysine residues on the N-terminal part of the core histones (H2A, H2B, H3 and H4). Histone deacetylation gives a tag for epigenetic repression and plays an important role in transcriptional regulation, cell cycle progression and developmental events. Histone deacetylases act via the formation of large multiprotein complexes (By similarity). (423 aa) |
| | HDA2 | Histone deacetylase 2; Responsible for the deacetylation of lysine residues on the N-terminal part of the core histones (H2A, H2B, H3 and H4). Histone deacetylation gives a tag for epigenetic repression and plays an important role in transcriptional regulation, cell cycle progression and developmental events. Histone deacetylases act via the formation of large multiprotein complexes (By similarity). (387 aa) |
| | ASHH3 | Histone-lysine N-methyltransferase ASHH3; Histone methyltransferase. (363 aa) |
| | SUVR1 | Probable inactive histone-lysine N-methyltransferase SUVR1; Probable inactive histone-lysine methyltransferase that acts as regulator of transctiptional gene silencing independently of histone H3K9 methylation. Contributes to transcriptional gene silencing at RNA- directed DNA methylation (RdDM) target loci but also at RdDM- independent target loci; Belongs to the class V-like SAM-binding methyltransferase superfamily. Histone-lysine methyltransferase family. (734 aa) |
| | LHP1 | Chromo domain-containing protein LHP1; Structural component of heterochromatin involved in gene repression, including several floral homeotic genes and FLT that regulates flowering time. Required for maintenance of vernalization- induced repression of FLC. As part of the PRC1-like complex, recognizes and binds histone H3 tails methylated at 'Lys-9' (H3K9me) and 'Lys-27' (H3K27me), leading to epigenetic repression. PcG PRC1 complex maintains the transcriptionally repressive state of many genes, including Hox genes, throughout development. PcG PRC1 complex acts via chromatin remodeling a [...] (445 aa) |
| | ASHR3 | Histone-lysine N-methyltransferase ASHR3; Histone methyltransferase (By similarity). Involved in stamen development; Belongs to the class V-like SAM-binding methyltransferase superfamily. Histone-lysine methyltransferase family. SET2 subfamily. (497 aa) |
| | CHR28 | Helicase-like transcription factor CHR28; Probable helicase-like transcription factor involved in transcriptional gene silencing. Associates with SUVR2 and contributes to transcriptional gene silencing at RNA-directed DNA methylation (RdDM) target loci but also at RdDM-independent target loci. May be involved in nucleosome positioning to form ordered nucleosome arrays on chromatin. Associates with SUVR2 and functions redundantly with FRG1. Required for the efficient methylation of a broad range of RdDM target loci. (981 aa) |
| | SGF11 | SAGA-associated factor 11; Component of a deubiquitination module (DUB module) that specifically deubiquinates monoubiquinated histone H2B (H2Bub). Does not seem to be a component of the TREX-2 complex. Seems to act independently of the SAGA multiprotein complex. The DUB module is responsible for the major H2Bub deubiquitinase activity in Arabidopsis. (181 aa) |
| | MRG1 | Protein MRG1; Chromatin remodeling factor. Acts as a 'reader' protein by binding to H3K36me3 and H3K36me3 to control histone H4 acetylation. Increases the transcriptional levels of the flowering time genes FLC and FT. Binds the chromatin at the FT promoter upon interaction with CO (Probable). (320 aa) |
| | HDA8 | Histone deacetylase 8; Responsible for the deacetylation of lysine residues on the N-terminal part of the core histones (H2A, H2B, H3 and H4). Histone deacetylation gives a tag for epigenetic repression and plays an important role in transcriptional regulation, cell cycle progression and developmental events. Histone deacetylases act via the formation of large multiprotein complexes (By similarity). (377 aa) |
| | CMT2 | DNA (cytosine-5)-methyltransferase CMT2; May be involved in the CpXpG methylation and in gene silencing. (1295 aa) |
| | CMT3 | DNA (cytosine-5)-methyltransferase CMT3; Involved in the CpXpG methylation and in gene silencing. Methylates preferentially transposon-related sequences. Functionally redundant to DRM1/DRM2 to maintain non-CpG methylation. Involved in RNA-directed DNA methylation. Belongs to the class I-like SAM-binding methyltransferase superfamily. C5-methyltransferase family. (839 aa) |
| | CRY2 | Cryptochrome-2; Photoreceptor that mediates primarily blue light inhibition of hypocotyl elongation and photoperiodic control of floral initiation, and regulates other light responses, including circadian rhythms, tropic growth, stomata opening, guard cell development, root development, bacterial and viral pathogen responses, abiotic stress responses, cell cycles, programmed cell death, apical dominance, fruit and ovule development, seed dormancy, and magnetoreception. Photoexcited cryptochromes interact with signaling partner proteins to alter gene expression at both transcriptional a [...] (612 aa) |
| | HAG1 | Histone acetyltransferase GCN5; Acetylates histone H3 and ADA2 proteins in vitro. Acetylates 'Lys-14' of histone H3. Acetylation of histones gives a specific tag for epigenetic transcription activation. Operates in concert with certain DNA-binding transcriptional activators. Acts via the formation of large multiprotein complexes that modify the chromatin (By similarity). Belongs to the acetyltransferase family. GCN5 subfamily. (568 aa) |
| | SUVH8 | Histone-lysine N-methyltransferase, H3 lysine-9 specific SUVH8; Histone methyltransferase. Methylates 'Lys-9' of histone H3. H3 'Lys-9' methylation represents a specific tag for epigenetic transcriptional repression; Belongs to the class V-like SAM-binding methyltransferase superfamily. Histone-lysine methyltransferase family. Suvar3-9 subfamily. (755 aa) |
| | SUVH7 | Histone-lysine N-methyltransferase, H3 lysine-9 specific SUVH7; Histone methyltransferase. Methylates 'Lys-9' of histone H3. H3 'Lys-9' methylation represents a specific tag for epigenetic transcriptional repression; Belongs to the class V-like SAM-binding methyltransferase superfamily. Histone-lysine methyltransferase family. Suvar3-9 subfamily. (693 aa) |
| | SUVH3 | Histone-lysine N-methyltransferase, H3 lysine-9 specific SUVH3; Histone methyltransferase. Methylates 'Lys-9' of histone H3. H3 'Lys-9' methylation represents a specific tag for epigenetic transcriptional repression; Belongs to the class V-like SAM-binding methyltransferase superfamily. Histone-lysine methyltransferase family. Suvar3-9 subfamily. (669 aa) |
| | ATX1-2 | Histone H3-lysine(4) N-trimethyltransferase ATX1; [Isoform 1]: Binds to the promoter and regulates the transcription of target genes, maintaining them in an active state; at promoters, required for TATA binding proteins (TBPs, e.g. TBP1 and TBP2) and RNA polymerase II (Pol II) recruitment, and, in a subsequent event, is recruited by a phosphorylated form of Pol II to the +300-bp region of transcribed sequences to trimethylates nucleosomes. Histone trimethyltransferase that trimethylates 'Lys-4' of histone H3 (H3K4me3); H3 'Lys-4' methylation represents a specific tag for epigenetic tra [...] (1062 aa) |
| | HAC1-2 | Histone acetyltransferase HAC1; Acetyltransferase enzyme. Acetylates histones, giving a specific tag for transcriptional activation. (1697 aa) |
| | HUB2 | E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase BRE1-like 2; E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that monoubiquitinates H2B to form H2BK143ub1. H2BK143ub1 gives a specific tag for epigenetic transcriptional activation and is also prerequisite for H3K4me and maybe H3K79me. It thereby plays a central role in histone code and gene regulation. Forms a ubiquitin ligase complex in cooperation with the E2 enzyme UBC2/RAD6; Belongs to the BRE1 family. (900 aa) |
| | ORTH4 | Putative E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase ORTHRUS 4; E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase. May participate in CpG methylation-dependent transcriptional regulation (By similarity). (622 aa) |
| | ASF1A | Probable histone chaperone ASF1A; Histone chaperone that facilitates histone deposition and histone exchange and removal during nucleosome assembly and disassembly (By similarity). While encoded by a region of the Arabidopsis thaliana genome that is homologous to the Brassica S-locus for self incompatibility, this protein may not play the same role in Arabidopsis thaliana; Belongs to the ASF1 family. (196 aa) |
| | FLD | Protein FLOWERING LOCUS D; Probable histone demethylase that promotes flowering independently of the photoperiod and vernalization pathways by repressing FLOWERING LOCUS C (FLC), a floral repressor that blocks the transition from vegetative to reproductive development. Probably mediates histone H3 'Lys-4' demethylation at FLC locus. Seems to act in partial redundancy with LDL1 and LDL2 to repress FLC expression. Required for histone H4 deacetylation of FLC locus. May be a component of the histone deacetylase complex. (789 aa) |
| | SHL | Chromatin remodeling protein SHL; Chromatin remodeling factor that binds to methylated histone (e.g. H3K4me2/3) to prevent their acetylation (e.g. H3K9K14Ac), likely by recruiting histone deacetylase (HDAC) complexes, and thus regulate the transcription of target genes. Required during development and for fertility, probably by modulating developmental gene expression. Promotes development speed, but at fitness cost. Involved in the chromatin-mediated repression of floral initiation and controls genes regulating flowering. Negatively regulates the expression of the floral integrator SO [...] (228 aa) |
| | MUG13.1 | SWI/SNF-related matrix-associated actin-dependent regulator of chromatin subfamily A3; Possesses intrinsic ATP-dependent nucleosome-remodeling activity. This activity may be required for transcriptional activation or repression of specific target promoters (By similarity). Belongs to the SNF2/RAD54 helicase family. RAD16 subfamily. (881 aa) |
| | SUVH1 | Histone-lysine N-methyltransferase, H3 lysine-9 specific SUVH1; Histone methyltransferase. Methylates 'Lys-9' of histone H3. H3 'Lys-9' methylation represents a specific tag for epigenetic transcriptional repression. (670 aa) |
| | AL1 | PHD finger protein ALFIN-LIKE 1; Histone-binding component that specifically recognizes H3 tails trimethylated on 'Lys-4' (H3K4me3), which mark transcription start sites of virtually all active genes. (241 aa) |
| | ATXR4 | Histone-lysine N-methyltransferase ATXR4; Histone methyltransferase. (325 aa) |
| | HDA7 | Histone deacetylase 7; Responsible for the deacetylation of lysine residues on the N-terminal part of the core histones (H2A, H2B, H3 and H4). Histone deacetylation gives a tag for epigenetic repression and plays an important role in transcriptional regulation, cell cycle progression and developmental events. May be involved in flowering induction. Histone deacetylases act via the formation of large multiprotein complexes (By similarity); Belongs to the histone deacetylase family. HD type 1 subfamily. (409 aa) |
| | TAF14B | Transcription initiation factor TFIID subunit 14b; Negative regulator of flowering controlling the H4K5 acetylation levels in the FLC and FT chromatin. Positively regulates FLC expression. Component of the transcription factor IID (TFIID) complex that is essential for mediating regulation of RNA polymerase transcription. Component of the SWR1 complex which mediates the ATP- dependent exchange of histone H2A for the H2A variant HZT1 leading to transcriptional regulation of selected genes by chromatin remodeling. Component of a NuA4 histone acetyltransferase complex which is involved in [...] (268 aa) |
| | RAD5B | DNA repair protein RAD5B; Possesses intrinsic ATP-dependent nucleosome-remodeling activity. This activity may be required for DNA repair. Does not seem to be required for DNA repair and regulation of homologous recombination (HR) ; Belongs to the SNF2/RAD54 helicase family. RAD16 subfamily. (1277 aa) |
| | ORTH1 | E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase ORTHRUS 1; E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase. Participates in CpG methylation- dependent transcriptional regulation and epigenetic transcriptional silencing. Mediates ubiquitination with the E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes UBC11, UBC8 and UBC8 homologs (e.g. UBC10, UBC11, UBC28 and UBC29) but not with UBC27, UBC30, UBC32, UBC34 and UBC36. Promotes methylation-mediated gene silencing leading, for example, to early flowering. Can bind to CpG, CpNpG, and CpNpN DNA motifs, with a strong preference for methylated forms, and with highest affinity for CpG substrate. (617 aa) |
| | RING1A | Putative E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase RING1a; Putative E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that mediates monoubiquitination of 'Lys-119' of histone H2A (H2AK119ub), thereby playing a central role in histone code and gene regulation. (522 aa) |
| | HAM1 | Histone acetyltransferase of the MYST family 1; Histone acetyltransferase which may be involved in transcriptional activation. Acetylates 'Lys-5' of histone H4 (H4K5ac). Essential for gametophyte development. Involved in DNA repair after UV-B exposure. Negative regulator of flowering controlling the H4K5ac levels in the FLC chromatin. (445 aa) |
| | HDA6 | Histone deacetylase 6; Responsible for the deacetylation of lysine residues on the N-terminal part of the core histones (H2A, H2B, H3 and H4). Might remove acetyl residues only from specific targets, such as rDNA repeats or complex transgenes. Histone deacetylation gives a tag for epigenetic repression and plays an important role in transcriptional regulation, cell cycle progression and developmental events. Histone deacetylases act via the formation of large multiprotein complexes. Required for rRNA gene silencing in nucleolar dominance. Plays a role in transgene silencing, but this e [...] (471 aa) |
| | CHC1-2 | SWI/SNF complex component SNF12 homolog; Involved in transcriptional activation and repression of select genes by chromatin remodeling (alteration of DNA-nucleosome topology); Belongs to the SMARCD family. (534 aa) |
| | SUVR2 | Probable inactive histone-lysine N-methyltransferase SUVR2; Probable inactive histone-lysine methyltransferase that acts as regulator of transctiptional gene silencing independently of histone H3K9 methylation. Contributes to transcriptional gene silencing at RNA- directed DNA methylation (RdDM) target loci but also at RdDM- independent target loci. Forms a complex with SUVR1 and associates with the SNF2-related chromatin-remodeling proteins CHR19, CHR27, and CHR28, thereby mediating nucleosome positioning and transcriptional silencing. Does not possess histone-lysine methyltransferase [...] (717 aa) |
| | ATXR6 | Histone-lysine N-methyltransferase ATXR6; Histone methyltransferase that specifically monomethylates 'Lys-27' of histone H3 (H3K27me1). Has higher activity on nucleosomes containing H3.1 than H3.3. Involved in the formation of constitutive heterochromatin and the silencing of heterochromatic elements. May act as a positive regulator of the G1-S transition. Influences which sets of rRNA gene variants are expressed or silenced. Up-regulated by E2FB. (349 aa) |
| | RAD5A | DNA repair protein RAD5A; Functions in error-free postreplication DNA repair or DNA- damage tolerance (DTT) pathway. Required for homologous recombination (HR) induced by DNA double-strand break (DSB) in somatic cells. Required for damage- induced DNA repair, independently of MUS81 and RECQL4A. Plays a role in synthesis-dependent strand annealing (SDSA) but not in single-strand annealing (SSA). Possesses double-stranded DNA- dependent ATPase activity. Is able to regress replication forks with preference for forks with a leading strand gap. Is able to catalyze branch migration of Hollid [...] (1029 aa) |
| | GTE6 | Transcription factor GTE6; Regulates differences in leaf patterning between juvenile and mature leaves by controlling differences in the development of primordia produced during juvenile and mature phases. Acts by activating transcription of the myb-domain protein AS1, a gene involved in leaf-axis specification. Associates with the promoter and the start of the transcribed region of AS1 and up-regulates expression of AS1 through acetylation of histones H3 and H4. (369 aa) |
| | HDT1 | Histone deacetylase HDT1; Probably mediates the deacetylation of lysine residues on the N-terminal part of the core histones (H2A, H2B, H3 and H4). Histone deacetylation gives a tag for epigenetic repression and plays an important role in transcriptional regulation, cell cycle progression and developmental events. Required for histone H3 'Lys-9' deacetylation. Involved in rRNA gene silencing in nucleolar dominance. Seems to be implicated in the regulation of genes involved in seeds development; Belongs to the histone deacetylase HD2 family. (245 aa) |
| | HAC12 | Histone acetyltransferase HAC12; Acetyltransferase enzyme. Acetylates histones, giving a specific tag for transcriptional activation. (1706 aa) |
| | HAC2 | Histone acetyltransferase HAC2; Acetyltransferase enzyme. Acetylates histones, giving a specific tag for transcriptional activation (By similarity). No acetyltransferase activity found in vitro. (1367 aa) |
| | HAC5 | Histone acetyltransferase HAC5; Acetyltransferase enzyme. Acetylates histones, giving a specific tag for transcriptional activation. (1670 aa) |
| | HAC4 | Histone acetyltransferase HAC4; Acetyltransferase enzyme. Acetylates histones, giving a specific tag for transcriptional activation. (1470 aa) |
| | CHR27 | Helicase-like transcription factor CHR27; Probable helicase-like transcription factor involved in transcriptional gene silencing. Associates with SUVR2 and contributes to transcriptional gene silencing at RNA-directed DNA methylation (RdDM) target loci but also at RdDM-independent target loci. May be involved in nucleosome positioning to form ordered nucleosome arrays on chromatin. Associates with SUVR2 and functions redundantly with FRG2. Required for the efficient methylation of a broad range of RdDM target loci. (1047 aa) |
| | LDL2 | Lysine-specific histone demethylase 1 homolog 2; Probable histone demethylase that reduces the levels of histone H3 'Lys-4' methylation in chromatin of the floral repressor FLOWERING LOCUS C (FLC) and the sporophytically silenced floral repressor FWA. Seems to act in partial redundancy with FLOWERING LOCUS D (FLD) to repress FLC expression. Required for cytosine methylation of FWA. Controls primary seed dormancy by regulating DOG1 and abscisic acid signaling-related genes. Belongs to the flavin monoamine oxidase family. (746 aa) |
| | ING1 | PHD finger protein ING1; Histone-binding component that specifically recognizes H3 tails trimethylated on 'Lys-4' (H3K4me3), which mark transcription start sites of virtually all active genes. (234 aa) |
| | ASF1B | Histone chaperone ASF1B; Histone chaperone that facilitates histone deposition and histone exchange and removal during nucleosome assembly and disassembly. (218 aa) |
| | FIE | Polycomb group protein FERTILIZATION-INDEPENDENT ENDOSPERM; Polycomb group (PcG) protein. PcG proteins act by forming multiprotein complexes, which are required to maintain the transcriptionally repressive state of homeotic genes throughout development. PcG proteins are not required to initiate repression, but to maintain it during later stages of development. They probably act via the methylation of histones, rendering chromatin heritably changed in its expressibility. Required to prevent the proliferation of the central cell by repressing unknown target genes before fertilization. Pr [...] (369 aa) |
| | HAM2 | Histone acetyltransferase of the MYST family 2; Histone acetyltransferase which may be involved in transcriptional activation. Acetylates 'Lys-5' of histone H4 (H4K5ac). Essential for gametophyte development. Negative regulator of flowering controlling the H4K5ac levels in the FLC chromatin. Belongs to the MYST (SAS/MOZ) family. (445 aa) |
| | HIRA | Protein HIRA; Histone chaperone involved in maintining knox genes silencing throughout leaf development. Involved in heterochromatic and euchromatic gene silencing, especially upon salt stress. Involved in gene expression reprogramming during dedifferentiation probably by modifying histone H3.3 recruitment at the nucleolus. Contributes to maintenance of silencing of pericentromeric repeats and certain transposons ; Belongs to the WD repeat HIR1 family. (1024 aa) |
| | HDA17 | Histone deacetylase 17; Responsible for the deacetylation of lysine residues on the N-terminal part of the core histones (H2A, H2B, H3 and H4). Histone deacetylation gives a tag for epigenetic repression and plays an important role in transcriptional regulation, cell cycle progression and developmental events. Histone deacetylases act via the formation of large multiprotein complexes (By similarity). (158 aa) |
| | ASI1 | Protein ANTI-SILENCING 1; Required to prevent promoter DNA hypermethylation and transcriptional silencing of some transgenes. Plays a similar role to that of the histone H3K9 demethylase JMJ25/IBM1 in preventing CHG methylation in the bodies of numerous genes. RNA-binding protein that ensures the proper expression of JMJ25/IBM1 full-length transcript by associating with an intronic heterochromatic repeat element of JMJ25/IBM1. May associate with intronic heterochromatin and bind gene transcripts to promote their 3' distal polyadenylation. Contributes to a unique mechanism to deal with [...] (650 aa) |
| | HDT3 | Histone deacetylase HDT3; Probably mediates the deacetylation of lysine residues on the N-terminal part of the core histones (H2A, H2B, H3 and H4). Histone deacetylation gives a tag for epigenetic repression and plays an important role in transcriptional regulation, cell cycle progression and developmental events. Involved in the modulation of abscisic acid and stress-responsive genes. (294 aa) |
| | MET2 | DNA (cytosine-5)-methyltransferase 2; Maintains chromatin CpG methylation that plays a role in genomic imprinting, regulation of embryogenesis and seed viability. Required for proper patterns of CG DNA methylation in dividing cells (By similarity); Belongs to the class I-like SAM-binding methyltransferase superfamily. C5-methyltransferase family. (1512 aa) |
| | HDA10 | Putative histone deacetylase 10; Responsible for the deacetylation of lysine residues on the N-terminal part of the core histones (H2A, H2B, H3 and H4). Histone deacetylation gives a tag for epigenetic repression and plays an important role in transcriptional regulation, cell cycle progression and developmental events. Histone deacetylases act via the formation of large multiprotein complexes (By similarity). (142 aa) |
| | ASHH4 | Putative histone-lysine N-methyltransferase ASHH4; Histone methyltransferase. (352 aa) |
| | AL3 | PHD finger protein ALFIN-LIKE 3; Histone-binding component that specifically recognizes H3 tails trimethylated on 'Lys-4' (H3K4me3), which mark transcription start sites of virtually all active genes; Belongs to the Alfin family. (250 aa) |
| | ATX3 | Histone-lysine N-methyltransferase ATX3; Histone methyltransferase; Belongs to the class V-like SAM-binding methyltransferase superfamily. Histone-lysine methyltransferase family. TRX/MLL subfamily. (1018 aa) |
| | HDT4 | Histone deacetylase HDT4; Probably mediates the deacetylation of lysine residues lysine residues on the N-terminal part of the core histones (H2A, H2B, H3 and H4). Histone deacetylation gives a tag for epigenetic repression and plays an important role in transcriptional regulation, cell cycle progression and developmental events. (203 aa) |
| | MCC1 | Histone acetyltransferase MCC1; Histone acetyltransferase that probably regulates acetylation status of histone H3 during meiosis. Histone acetylation may influence recombination and chromosome segregation. (247 aa) |
| | PKL | CHD3-type chromatin-remodeling factor PICKLE; Chromatin remodeling factor that represses the expression of embryonic trait genes (such as NFYB9/LEC1) upon and after seed germination and thus enables the developmental switch to post- germinative growth. Silences some MADS-box proteins such as PHE1 and PHE2. Plays a role during carpel differentiation. Regulates late processes in cytokinin signaling. (1384 aa) |
| | GTE3 | Transcription factor GTE3, chloroplastic; Probable transcription factor that binds to acetylated histone H3. (461 aa) |
| | MOS1 | Protein MODIFIER OF SNC1 1; Involved in the regulation of the chromatin structure and DNA methylation at the SNC1 locus. Regulates the expression of SNC1 at chromatin level. (1412 aa) |
| | AL2 | PHD finger protein ALFIN-LIKE 2, N-terminally processed; Histone-binding component that specifically recognizes H3 tails trimethylated on 'Lys-4' (H3K4me3), which mark transcription start sites of virtually all active genes; Belongs to the Alfin family. (246 aa) |
| | SUVR3 | Histone-lysine N-methyltransferase SUVR3; Histone methyltransferase. (354 aa) |
| | JMJ25 | Lysine-specific demethylase JMJ25; Histone demethylase that demethylates 'Lys-9' (H3K9me) of histone H3 with a specific activity for H3K9me2 and H3K9me1. No activity on H3K9me3, H3K4me3/2/1, H3K27me3/2/1 and H3K36me3/2/1. Involved in the control of several developmental processes by protecting genes from silencing. Demethylates H3K9me2 in the promoter regions of RDR2 and DCL3 and mediates the repression of ectopic non-CpG methylation at RDR2, DCL3 and APC13 loci. Protects also a large number of transcribed genes from non-CpG methylation. May regulate gene expression via a pathway invol [...] (1027 aa) |
| | REF6 | Lysine-specific demethylase REF6; Histone demethylase that demethylates 'Lys-27' (H3K27me) of histone H3. Demethylates both tri- (H3K27me3) and di-methylated (H3K27me2) H3K27me. Demethylates also H3K4me3/2 and H3K36me3/2 in an in vitro assay. Involved in the transcriptional regulation of hundreds of genes regulating developmental patterning and responses to various stimuli. Binds DNA via its four zinc fingers in a sequence- specific manner, 5'-CTCTGYTY-3', to promote the demethylation of H3K27me3 and the regulation of organ boundary formation. Involved in the regulation of flowering ti [...] (1360 aa) |
| | MSI5 | WD-40 repeat-containing protein MSI5; Core histone-binding subunit that may target chromatin assembly factors, chromatin remodeling factors and histone deacetylases to their histone substrates in a manner that is regulated by nucleosomal DNA; Belongs to the WD repeat RBAP46/RBAP48/MSI1 family. (487 aa) |
| | PRMT11 | Protein arginine N-methyltransferase 1.1; Methylates (mono and asymmetric dimethylation) the guanidino nitrogens of arginyl residues present in a glycine and arginine-rich domain. Type I arginine methyltransferase active on both histones and non-histone proteins. Required for leaves and flowers development. Mediates the methylation of MBD7 and MED36A. (390 aa) |
| | ATX4 | Histone-lysine N-methyltransferase ATX4; Histone methyltransferase. (1027 aa) |
| | FAS1 | Chromatin assembly factor 1 subunit FAS1; Component of the chromatin assembly factor complex (CAF-1) involved in chromatin assembly following DNA replication and DNA repair. Assembles histone octamers onto replicating DNA in vitro. Required for several aspects of development, including seedling growth and leaf hair differentiation. Plays a critical role in the organization of shoot apical meristem (SAM) and root apical meristem (RAM) during postembryonic development by facilitating stable maintenance of gene expression states. Seems not required to maintain transcriptional repression o [...] (815 aa) |
| | FAS2 | Chromatin assembly factor 1 subunit FAS2; Component of the chromatin assembly factor complex (CAF-1) involved in chromatin assembly following DNA replication and DNA repair. Required for several aspects of development, including seedling growth and leaf hair differentiation. Plays a critical role in the organization of shoot apical meristem (SAM) and root apical meristem (RAM) during postembryonic development by facilitating stable maintenance of gene expression states. Seems not required to maintain transcriptional repression of heterochromatic genes. Involved in heterologous recombination. (487 aa) |
| | SUVH9 | Histone-lysine N-methyltransferase family member SUVH9; Histone methyltransferase family member that plays a role in gene silencing. Together with MORC6 and SUVH2, regulates the silencing of some transposable elements (TEs). According to the protein does not bind S-adenosyl-L-methionine and lacks methyltransferase activity. Instead, it may function downstream of DRM2 in RNA-directed DNA methylation, binding to methylated DNA and recruiting DNA-directed RNA polymerase V to chromatin ; Belongs to the class V-like SAM-binding methyltransferase superfamily. Histone-lysine methyltransferase [...] (650 aa) |
| | MET3 | DNA (cytosine-5)-methyltransferase 3; Maintains chromatin CpG methylation that plays a role in genomic imprinting, regulation of embryogenesis and seed viability. Required for proper patterns of CG DNA methylation in dividing cells (By similarity). Required during the endosperm development in seeds. Belongs to the class I-like SAM-binding methyltransferase superfamily. C5-methyltransferase family. (1404 aa) |
| | SWI3C | SWI/SNF complex subunit SWI3C; Component of a multiprotein complex equivalent of the SWI/SNF complex, an ATP-dependent chromatin-remodeling complex, which is required for the positive and negative regulation of gene expression of a large number of genes. It changes chromatin structure by altering DNA-histone contacts within a nucleosome, leading eventually to a change in nucleosome position, thus facilitating or repressing binding of gene-specific transcription factors. (807 aa) |
| | OTU6 | OVARIAN TUMOR DOMAIN-containing deubiquitinating enzyme 6; Hydrolase that can remove conjugated ubiquitin from proteins in vitro and may therefore play an important regulatory role at the level of protein turnover by preventing degradation. Binds chromatin (e.g. nucleosomes and histones) and has enzymatic histone deubiquitinase activity, specific for the H2B histone. Can both repress (e.g. OSR2) and promote (e.g. AN3) the expression of target genes by associating with chromatin, deubiquitinating H2B and regulating its euchromatic histone marks (e.g. H3ac and H3K4me). In association wit [...] (505 aa) |
| | EZA1 | Histone-lysine N-methyltransferase EZA1; Polycomb group (PcG) protein. Catalytic subunit of some PcG multiprotein complex, which methylates 'Lys-27' of histone H3, leading to transcriptional repression of the affected target genes. PcG proteins act by forming multiprotein complexes, which are required to maintain the transcriptionally repressive state of homeotic genes throughout development. PcG proteins are not required to initiate repression, but to maintain it during later stages of development (By similarity). (856 aa) |
| | ETL1 | Protein CHROMATIN REMODELING 19; DNA helicase that possesses intrinsic ATP-dependent nucleosome-remodeling activity and is both required for DNA repair and heterochromatin organization. Promotes DNA end resection of double- strand breaks (DSBs) following DNA damage: probably acts by weakening histone DNA interactions in nucleosomes flanking DSBs (By similarity). Probable chromatin remodeling factor. Probable helicase-like transcription factor involved in transcriptional gene silencing. Associates with SUVR2 and contributes to transcriptional gene silencing at RNA-directed DNA methylati [...] (763 aa) |
| | ASHR2 | Histone-lysine N-methyltransferase ASHR2; Histone methyltransferase; Belongs to the class V-like SAM-binding methyltransferase superfamily. Histone-lysine methyltransferase family. SET2 subfamily. (398 aa) |
