STRINGSTRING
RMI1 RMI1 XRI1 XRI1 SMC1 SMC1 BRCA2B BRCA2B BRCA2A BRCA2A EME1A EME1A MND1 MND1 PCH2 PCH2 CYCL1-1 CYCL1-1 DFO DFO ML5 ML5 ML1 ML1 RFC1 RFC1 SMC2-1 SMC2-1 BUB3.2 BUB3.2 DYAD DYAD CDKG1 CDKG1 SMC4 SMC4 CYCA1-2 CYCA1-2 HOP2-2 HOP2-2 PANS1 PANS1 BUB3.1 BUB3.1 ZYP1A ZYP1A TOP3A TOP3A ML4 ML4 EMS1 EMS1 ATM ATM SPO11-2 SPO11-2 SPO11-1 SPO11-1 MCC1 MCC1 SYN1 SYN1 MCM8 MCM8 ML2 ML2 RAD50 RAD50 SMC2-2 SMC2-2 MS5 MS5 ML3-2 ML3-2 MRE11 MRE11 GIG1 GIG1 SCC2 SCC2 CTF7 CTF7 ZIP4 ZIP4 PS1 PS1 EME1B EME1B HEI10 HEI10 ASY1 ASY1 BUB3.3 BUB3.3 JASON JASON PTD PTD MCM9 MCM9 MSH5 MSH5 MSH4 MSH4 ASY2 ASY2 KNL2 KNL2 MPS1 MPS1 SHOC1 SHOC1 PRD1 PRD1 ZYP1B ZYP1B KIN14C KIN14C ASY3 ASY3 PRD3 PRD3 SDS SDS MIS12 MIS12 DMC1 DMC1 PHS1 PHS1 SMC3 SMC3 MER3 MER3 ESP1 ESP1 MTOPVIB MTOPVIB MUS81 MUS81
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RMI1RecQ-mediated genome instability protein 1; Essential component of the RMI complex, a complex that plays an important role in the resolution step of homologous recombination, in a process called Holliday Junction dissolution, to limit DNA crossover formation in cells. Together with TOP3A, is essential for the resolution of meiotic recombination intermediates, a step that prevents entanglement of the parental chromosomes; Belongs to the RMI1 family. (644 aa)
XRI1Protein XRI1; Required for mitotic division of the generative cell nucleus and the development of mature tricellular pollen grains, and for male and female meiosis. (300 aa)
SMC1Structural maintenance of chromosomes protein 1; Central component of cohesin, a complex required for chromosome cohesion during the cell cycle. The cohesin complex may form a large proteinaceous ring within which sister chromatids can be trapped. At anaphase, the complex is cleaved and dissociates from chromatin, allowing sister chromatids to segregate. Cohesion is coupled to DNA replication and is involved in DNA repair. The cohesin complex plays also an important role in spindle pole assembly during mitosis and in chromosomes movement (By similarity). Essential protein plant viabili [...] (1218 aa)
BRCA2BProtein BREAST CANCER SUSCEPTIBILITY 2 homolog B; Involved in double-strand break repair and/or homologous recombination by mediating RAD51- and DMC1-facilitated DNA repair. Plays an essential role in both somatic and meiotic homologous recombination. Is crucial for the formation of RAD51 and DMC1 foci during male meiotic homologous recombination in prophase I. (1155 aa)
BRCA2AProtein BREAST CANCER SUSCEPTIBILITY 2 homolog A; Involved in double-strand break repair and/or homologous recombination by mediating RAD51- and DMC1-facilitated DNA repair. Plays an essential role in both somatic and meiotic homologous recombination. Is crucial for the formation of RAD51 and DMC1 foci during male meiotic homologous recombination in prophase I. (1151 aa)
EME1ACrossover junction endonuclease EME1A; Interacts with MUS81 to form a DNA structure-specific endonuclease with substrate preference for branched DNA structures with a 5'-end at the branch nick. Typical substrates include 3'-flap structures, D-loops, replication forks, nicked Holliday junctions and also intact Holliday junctions with a reduced efficiency. May be required in mitosis for the processing of stalled or collapsed replication fork intermediates. Plays a role in DNA repair and in genotoxic stress-induced homologous recombination (HR) in somatic cells. Mediates a subset of meiot [...] (546 aa)
MND1Meiotic nuclear division protein 1 homolog; Required for proper homologous chromosome pairing and efficient cross-over and intragenic recombination during meiosis. Stimulates both DMC1/LIM15- and RAD51-mediated homologous strand assimilation, which is required for the resolution of meiotic double- strand breaks. (230 aa)
PCH2Pachytene checkpoint protein 2 homolog; Plays a key role in chromosome recombination during meiosis. Mediates meiotic chromosome remodeling and crossover maturation. (467 aa)
CYCL1-1Cyclin-L1-1; Cognate cyclin for CDKG1. Required for synapsis and male meiosis, and for the proper splicing of specific resistance (R) genes. Involved in regulation of DNA methylation and transcriptional silencing. (416 aa)
DFOProtein DOUBLE-STRAND BREAK FORMATION; Required for meiotic double-strand break (DSB) formation, the initial event for meiotic recombination. (233 aa)
ML5Protein MEI2-like 5; Probable RNA-binding protein that plays a role in meiosis and vegetative growth. (800 aa)
ML1Protein MEI2-like 1; Probable RNA-binding transcriptional activator that plays a role in meiosis and vegetative growth. May be a downstream effector of TOR signaling pathway and recruited by RAPTOR1 for TOR substrate. (915 aa)
RFC1Replication factor C subunit 1; Plays a role as mediator of transcriptional gene silencing (TGS), DNA replication, DNA repair, hypersensitive response (HR) and telomere length regulation. Is required in meiosis for DNA double- strand break (DSB) repair during meiotic homologous recombination. May participate in the RAD51-mediated recombination intermediate repair process. Is important for lagging strand synthesis. Promotes meiotic recombination via a specific pathway for crossovers (COs) that involves the formation of double Holliday Junction (dHJ) intermediates. (956 aa)
SMC2-1Structural maintenance of chromosomes protein 2-1; Central component of the condensin complex, a complex required for conversion of interphase chromatin into mitotic-like condense chromosomes. The condensin complex probably introduces positive supercoils into relaxed DNA in the presence of type I topoisomerases and converts nicked DNA into positive knotted forms in the presence of type II topoisomerases. Also involved in chromosome segregation in meiosis. (1175 aa)
BUB3.2Mitotic checkpoint protein BUB3.2; Has a dual function in spindle-assembly checkpoint signaling and in promoting the establishment of correct kinetochore-microtubule (K-MT) attachments. Promotes the formation of stable end-on bipolar attachments. Necessary for kinetochore localization of BUB1. The BUB1/BUB3 complex plays a role in the inhibition of anaphase-promoting complex or cyclosome (APC/C) when spindle-assembly checkpoint is activated and inhibits the ubiquitin ligase activity of APC/C by phosphorylating its activator CDC20 (By similarity). (339 aa)
DYADProtein DYAD; Required for fertility. Involved in chromatid cohesion establishment, in chromosome structure during male and female meiosis (e.g. the synapse formation between homologous chromosomes, the recombination, and the cohesion of both chromatid arm and centromere), and in axial element formation. Regulates the switch from mitosis to the reductional meiosis division of megaspores prior to the female gametogenesis (megasporogenesis). (639 aa)
CDKG1Cyclin-dependent kinase G1; Cyclin-dependent kinase involved in pre-mRNA splicing. Required for the correct splicing of the sixth intron of CALS5 pre- mRNA. May stabilize the binding of U1 snRNP to this rare type of intron with a GC 5'SS. Involved in chromosome pairing and is required for the completion of synapsis in male meiocytes at high ambient temperatures. Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. Ser/Thr protein kinase family. (612 aa)
SMC4Structural maintenance of chromosomes protein 4; Central component of the condensin complex, a complex required for conversion of interphase chromatin into mitotic-like condense chromosomes. The condensin complex probably introduces positive supercoils into relaxed DNA in the presence of type I topoisomerases and converts nicked DNA into positive knotted forms in the presence of type II topoisomerases. Also involved in chromosome segregation in meiosis; Belongs to the SMC family. SMC4 subfamily. (1241 aa)
CYCA1-2Cyclin-A1-2; Involved in the regulation of male meiosis progression. (442 aa)
HOP2-2Homologous-pairing protein 2 homolog; Involved in bivalent formation and segregation of homologous chromosomes in meiosis. (226 aa)
PANS1Protein PATRONUS 1; Required for the maintenance of centromeric cohesion during interkinesis, until meiosis II. Required for regular configuration and segregation of sister chromatids in meiosis II. Also required for centromere cohesion during meiosis I. Involved in spindle organization at the end of telophase I and in meiosis II. Required to prevent precocious release of pericentromeric cohesins during meiosis, but not for cohesion establishment and monopolar orientation of kinetochores at meiosis I. Involved also in somatic development. Regulates mitotic cell division and ploidy stab [...] (193 aa)
BUB3.1Mitotic checkpoint protein BUB3.1; Has a dual function in spindle-assembly checkpoint signaling and in promoting the establishment of correct kinetochore-microtubule (K-MT) attachments. Promotes the formation of stable end-on bipolar attachments. Necessary for kinetochore localization of BUB1. The BUB1/BUB3 complex plays a role in the inhibition of anaphase-promoting complex or cyclosome (APC/C) when spindle-assembly checkpoint is activated and inhibits the ubiquitin ligase activity of APC/C by phosphorylating its activator CDC20 (By similarity). Essential for gametophyte development; [...] (340 aa)
ZYP1ASynaptonemal complex protein 1; Required for chromosome synapsis and normal fidelity of crossing over. (871 aa)
TOP3ADNA topoisomerase 3-alpha; Releases the supercoiling and torsional tension of DNA introduced during the DNA replication and transcription by transiently cleaving and rejoining one strand of the DNA duplex. Introduces a single-strand break via transesterification at a target site in duplex DNA. The scissile phosphodiester is attacked by the catalytic tyrosine of the enzyme, resulting in the formation of a DNA-(5'-phosphotyrosyl)- enzyme intermediate and the expulsion of a 3'-OH DNA strand. The free DNA strand then undergoes passage around the unbroken strand thus removing DNA supercoils [...] (926 aa)
ML4Protein MEI2-like 4; Probable RNA-binding protein that plays a role in meiosis and vegetative growth. (907 aa)
EMS1Leucine-rich repeat receptor protein kinase EMS1; Receptor with a serine/threonine-protein kinase activity required for the specification of the correct number of male archesporial initials and for the subsequent specification of tapetal and middle cell layer identities. In seeds, required for enhancing cell size and the rate of embryonic development. (1192 aa)
ATMSerine/threonine-protein kinase ATM; Serine/threonine protein kinase which activates checkpoint signaling upon genotoxic stresses such as ionizing radiation (IR) or DNA replication stalling. Plays a central role in the perception and response to both stress-induced damage in somatic cells and developmentally programmed DNA damage during meiosis. Recognizes the substrate consensus sequence [ST]-Q. Phosphorylates histone variant H2AX to form H2AXS139ph at double strand breaks (DSBs), thereby regulating DNA damage response mechanism. Involved in transcriptional regulation of RAD51, PARP1, [...] (3856 aa)
SPO11-2Meiotic recombination protein SPO11-2; Component of a topoisomerase 6 complex specifically required for meiotic recombination. Together with MTOPVIB, mediates DNA cleavage that forms the double-strand breaks (DSB) that initiate meiotic recombination. The complex promotes relaxation of negative and positive supercoiled DNA and DNA decatenation through cleavage and ligation cycles. Belongs to the TOP6A family. (383 aa)
SPO11-1Meiotic recombination protein SPO11-1; Component of a topoisomerase 6 complex specifically required for meiotic recombination. Together with MTOPVIB, mediates DNA cleavage that forms the double-strand breaks (DSB) that initiate meiotic recombination. The complex promotes relaxation of negative and positive supercoiled DNA and DNA decatenation through cleavage and ligation cycles. Belongs to the TOP6A family. (362 aa)
MCC1Histone acetyltransferase MCC1; Histone acetyltransferase that probably regulates acetylation status of histone H3 during meiosis. Histone acetylation may influence recombination and chromosome segregation. (247 aa)
SYN1Sister chromatid cohesion 1 protein 1; Involved in chromosome condensation, pairing and segregation during meiosis. Responsible for cohesion between replicated sister chromatids. (627 aa)
MCM8Probable DNA helicase MCM8; Probable DNA helicase that plays a role in meiotic double- strand break (DSB) repair, but seems not required for recombination with the homologous chromosome. May be involved with RAD51 in a backup pathway that repairs meiotic DSB without giving meiotic crossover, in parallel to the meiotic homologous recombination which relies on DMC1. Belongs to the MCM family. (801 aa)
ML2Protein MEI2-like 2; Probable RNA-binding protein that plays a role in meiosis and vegetative growth. (843 aa)
RAD50DNA repair protein RAD50; Implicated in double-strand breaks (DSBs) repair by non- homologous end joining (NHEJ). Involved in telomere maintenance. Involved in telomerase action on chromosome ends. Required during meiosis for both male and female gametophytic development, for pairing and synapsis of homologous chromosomes during the early stages of meiotic recombination, especially during the pachytene stage of the first division. Belongs to the SMC family. RAD50 subfamily. (1316 aa)
SMC2-2Structural maintenance of chromosomes protein 2-2; Central component of the condensin complex, a complex required for conversion of interphase chromatin into mitotic-like condense chromosomes. The condensin complex probably introduces positive supercoils into relaxed DNA in the presence of type I topoisomerases and converts nicked DNA into positive knotted forms in the presence of type II topoisomerases. Also involved in chromosome segregation in meiosis. (1171 aa)
MS5Protein POLLENLESS 3; Essential for male fertility, especially for microspore and pollen grain production. Involved in the regulation of cell division after male meiosis I and II to facilitate exit from meiosis and transition to G1. (434 aa)
ML3-2Protein MEI2-like 3; Probable RNA-binding protein that plays a role in meiosis and vegetative growth. (759 aa)
MRE11Double-strand break repair protein MRE11; Involved in DNA double-strand break repair (DSBR). Possesses single-strand endonuclease activity and double-strand-specific 3'-5' exonuclease activity. Also involved in meiotic DSB processing (By similarity); Belongs to the MRE11/RAD32 family. (720 aa)
GIG1Protein GIGAS CELL1; Negative regulator of the anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C) ubiquitin ligase required for proper mitotic and meiotic progression and cell fate determination. Involved in entry into both meiosis I and meiosis II. Prevents endomitosis by preferentially inhibiting APC/C(CDC20). Required for megagametophyte and endosperm development. Triggers mitotic cyclins (e.g. CYCB1-1 and CYCB1-2) accumulation. Confers immunity to bacterial pathogens (e.g. Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000), which is associated with increased expression of disease resistance (R) gen [...] (243 aa)
SCC2Sister chromatid cohesion protein SCC2; Essential protein required for cell fate determination during embryogenesis. Involved in sister chromatid cohesion during meiosis and mitosis. Forms a complex with SCC4, which is required for the association of the cohesin complex with chromosomes. Plays a structural role in chromatin, especially in centromere organization, chromosomal axis formation, and distribution of the cohesin subunit SCC3 on chromosomes. (1846 aa)
CTF7Protein CHROMOSOME TRANSMISSION FIDELITY 7; Acetyltransferase required for the establishment of sister chromatid cohesion. Involved in preservation of genome integrity and meiosis. Required for DNA repair and for the regulation of chromosome segregation during mitotic cell division. Knock-down mutants are extremely dwarf. (345 aa)
ZIP4TPR repeat-containing protein ZIP4; Required for meiotic chromosome segregation. It is involved in interference-sensitive crossovers (class I meiotic crossover) formation, in both male and female meiosis. Is specific to recombination events resulting in interference-sensitive crossovers (class I meiotic crossover). Not required for synapsis completion. (936 aa)
PS1FHA domain-containing protein PS1; Required for normal spindle orientation at male meiosis II and normal formation of tetrad of microspores. Not involved in female meiosis. (1477 aa)
EME1BCrossover junction endonuclease EME1B; Interacts with MUS81 to form a DNA structure-specific endonuclease with substrate preference for branched DNA structures with a 5'-end at the branch nick. Typical substrates include 3'-flap structures, D-loops, replication forks, nicked Holliday junctions and also intact Holliday junctions with a reduced efficiency. May be required in mitosis for the processing of stalled or collapsed replication fork intermediates. Plays a role in DNA repair and in genotoxic stress-induced homologous recombination (HR) in somatic cells. Mediates a subset of meiot [...] (551 aa)
HEI10E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase CCNB1IP1 homolog; Ubiquitin E3 ligase required for class I crossover (CO) formation during meiosis. (304 aa)
ASY1Meiosis-specific protein ASY1; Required for normal meiosis in male and female gametophytes. Plays a crucial role in coordinating the activity of DMC1, a key member of the homologous recombination machinery. Acts at the interface between the developing chromosome axes and the recombination machinery to ensure DMC1-mediated interhomolog recombination. (596 aa)
BUB3.3Mitotic checkpoint protein BUB3.3; Has a dual function in spindle-assembly checkpoint signaling and in promoting the establishment of correct kinetochore-microtubule (K-MT) attachments. Promotes the formation of stable end-on bipolar attachments. Necessary for kinetochore localization of BUB1. The BUB1/BUB3 complex plays a role in the inhibition of anaphase-promoting complex or cyclosome (APC/C) when spindle-assembly checkpoint is activated and inhibits the ubiquitin ligase activity of APC/C by phosphorylating its activator CDC20 (By similarity); Belongs to the WD repeat BUB3 family. (314 aa)
JASONProtein JASON; Required for normal spindle orientation at male meiosis II and normal formation of tetrad of microspores. Acts as positive regulator of PS1 in male sporogenesis. Not involved in female meiosis. (481 aa)
PTDProtein PARTING DANCERS; Required for chromosome segregation during meiosis. During diakinesis and prometaphase I, essential for the formation of class I meiotic crossovers and homologous recombination. Belongs to the ERCC1/RAD10/SWI10 family. (250 aa)
MCM9Probable DNA helicase MCM9; Probable DNA helicase that may play a role in DNA repair during meiosis. (646 aa)
MSH5DNA mismatch repair protein MSH5; Involved in meiotic recombination in association with MSH4. Required for reciprocal recombination and proper segregation of homologous chromosomes at meiosis. Promotes homologous recombination through facilitating chiasma formation during prophase I. Involved in the control of class I crossovers formation. Belongs to the DNA mismatch repair MutS family. (807 aa)
MSH4DNA mismatch repair protein MSH4; Involved in meiotic recombination in association with MSH5. Required for reciprocal recombination and proper segregation of homologous chromosomes at meiosis. Promotes homologous recombination through facilitating chiasma formation during prophase I. Involved in the control of class I crossovers formation. Belongs to the DNA mismatch repair MutS family. (792 aa)
ASY2Meiosis-specific protein ASY2; Required for normal meiosis. (1399 aa)
KNL2Kinetochore-associated protein KNL-2 homolog; Involved in recognition of centromeres and centromeric localization of the centromere-specific histone HTR12/CENH3. Required for normal progression of mitosis and meiosis. May play a role in the determination of the epigenetic status of centromeres. Binds DNA and RNA in vitro. Belongs to the KNL2 family. (598 aa)
MPS1Protein MULTIPOLAR SPINDLE 1; Involved in meiotic spindle organization in meiocytes thus regulating chromosome segregation. Required for formation of meiotic DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) during early recombination processes. (377 aa)
SHOC1Protein SHORTAGE IN CHIASMATA 1; Essential for the formation of class I meiotic crossovers. (1594 aa)
PRD1Protein PUTATIVE RECOMBINATION INITIATION DEFECT 1; Involved in DNA cleavage that forms the double-strand breaks (DSB) that initiate meiotic recombination. (1330 aa)
ZYP1BSynaptonemal complex protein 2; Required for chromosome synapsis and normal fidelity of crossing over. (856 aa)
KIN14CKinesin-like protein KIN-14C; Kinesin that supports microtubule movement in an ATP- dependent manner and has a minus-end directed polarity. Plays a crucial role in spindle morphogenesis in male meiosis. In mitosis, is required for normal microtubule accumulation at the spindle poles during prophase and may play a role in spindle assembly during prometaphase. Belongs to the TRAFAC class myosin-kinesin ATPase superfamily. Kinesin family. KIN-14 subfamily. (793 aa)
ASY3Meiosis-specific protein ASY3; Required for normal meiosis in male and female gametophytes. Acts with ASY1 at the interface between the developing chromosome axes and the recombination machinery to ensure interhomolog recombination. Required for synaptonemal complex formation during meiosis. (793 aa)
PRD3Putative recombination initiation defects 3; Involved in DNA cleavage that forms the double-strand breaks (DSB) that initiate meiotic recombination. (449 aa)
SDSCyclin-SDS; Meiosis-specific cyclin. Required for normal homolog synapsis and recombination in early to mid-prophase 1. May regulate the timing of sister chromatid separation. (578 aa)
MIS12Protein MIS12 homolog; Constitutive component of kinetochores that is essential for proper cell division during mitotic cell cycle (Probable). May play a role in the modulation of centromere during meiosis. (238 aa)
DMC1Meiotic recombination protein DMC1 homolog; May participate in meiotic recombination, specifically in homologous strand assimilation, which is required for the resolution of meiotic double-strand breaks. Mediates interhomolog recombination during meiosis. (344 aa)
PHS1Protein POOR HOMOLOGOUS SYNAPSIS 1; Required for accurate chromosome segregation in meiosis. Required for pairing to occur between homologous chromosomes. Acts in early recombination steps and ensures pairing fidelity and proper repair of meiotic DNA double-strand-breaks. Regulates recombination and pairing of homologous chromosomes during meiotic prophase by controlling transport of RAD50 from cytoplasm to the nucleus. May affect pairing of the gene-rich fraction of the genome rather than preventing pairing between repetitive DNA elements. (349 aa)
SMC3Structural maintenance of chromosomes protein 3; Central component of cohesin, a complex required for chromosome cohesion during the cell cycle. The cohesin complex may form a large proteinaceous ring within which sister chromatids can be trapped. At anaphase, the complex is cleaved and dissociates from chromatin, allowing sister chromatids to segregate. Cohesion is coupled to DNA replication and is involved in DNA repair. The cohesin complex plays also an important role in spindle pole assembly during mitosis and in chromosomes movement (By similarity). Essential protein plant viabili [...] (1204 aa)
MER3DExH-box ATP-dependent RNA helicase DExH17; DNA helicase required for crossover formation, complete synapsis of homologous chromosomes and bivalent formation during meiosis. Is specific to recombination events resulting in interference- sensitive crossovers (class I meiotic crossover). Belongs to the DExH box helicase family. (1133 aa)
ESP1Separase; Cleaves SYN1, releasing sister chromatid cohesion. Required for the release of cohesin at anaphase I and anaphase II, whereas the release of cohesin during diplotene and diakinesis occurs in a separase-independent process. Essential for embryo and endosperm development. May play a role in centromeric heterochromatin structure/formation during early meiosis, non-homologous centromere association and radial microtubule system (RMS) formation. May regulate the mitosis-specific cyclin CYCB1-1. (2180 aa)
MTOPVIBType 2 DNA topoisomerase 6 subunit B-like; Component of a topoisomerase 6 complex specifically required for meiotic recombination. Together with SPO11 (SPO11-1 and SPO11-2), mediates DNA cleavage that forms the double-strand breaks (DSB) that initiate meiotic recombination. The complex promotes relaxation of negative and positive supercoiled DNA and DNA decatenation through cleavage and ligation cycles. Belongs to the TOP6B-like family. (473 aa)
MUS81Crossover junction endonuclease MUS81; Interacts with EME1 to form a DNA structure-specific endonuclease with substrate preference for branched DNA structures with a 5'-end at the branch nick. Typical substrates include 3'-flap structures, D-loops, replication forks, nicked Holliday junctions and also intact Holliday junctions with a reduced efficiency. May be required in mitosis for the processing of stalled or collapsed replication fork intermediates. Plays a role in DNA repair and in genotoxic stress-induced homologous recombination (HR) in somatic cells. Mediates a subset of meioti [...] (659 aa)
Your Current Organism:
Arabidopsis thaliana
NCBI taxonomy Id: 3702
Other names: A. thaliana, Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh., mouse-ear cress, thale cress, thale-cress
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