STRINGSTRING
OFP10 OFP10 MAH20.24 MAH20.24 STKL1 STKL1 CPL3 CPL3 HDA18 HDA18 E2FE E2FE E2FF E2FF HDA5 HDA5 IAA32 IAA32 TT16 TT16 LDL1 LDL1 ASR3 ASR3 OFP5 OFP5 SEU SEU VAL1 VAL1 VRN2 VRN2 S1FA3 S1FA3 IAA29 IAA29 KAN1 KAN1 TCP14 TCP14 HDA14 HDA14 HDA2 HDA2 LHP1 LHP1 NAC053 NAC053 TPL TPL SPT42 SPT42 HDA8 HDA8 MYB124 MYB124 ERF12 ERF12 BBX24 BBX24 ZAT10 ZAT10 WRKY6 WRKY6 NAC081 NAC081 ERF11 ERF11 IAA34 IAA34 TIF3E1 TIF3E1 DCP5 DCP5 TEM1 TEM1 AGO7 AGO7 GTL1 GTL1 RGL1 RGL1 IAA15 IAA15 MYB62 MYB62 FLD FLD ERF9 ERF9 KNU KNU GTE10 GTE10 HDA7 HDA7 DCP5-L DCP5-L VIN3 VIN3 LATE LATE SAP SAP MYB36 MYB36 IAA33 IAA33 RING1A RING1A OFP13 OFP13 HDA6 HDA6 EXA1 EXA1 HOS15 HOS15 ILP1 ILP1 E2FA E2FA DPB DPB AGL31 AGL31 LUG LUG E2FC E2FC SVP SVP HDT1 HDT1 NUCL1 NUCL1 NAC083 NAC083 ARID2 ARID2 ERF7 ERF7 RGL3 RGL3 ZAT18 ZAT18 SNL2 SNL2 E2FD E2FD VIL1 VIL1 RBE RBE LDL2 LDL2 BBX32 BBX32 ASIL2 ASIL2 RBR1 RBR1 GAI GAI TPR2-2 TPR2-2 FIE FIE MED33A MED33A RID2 RID2 OFP3 OFP3 KUA1 KUA1 HIRA HIRA HDA17 HDA17 PAR2 PAR2 EMF1 EMF1 HDT3 HDT3 OFP1 OFP1 HDA10 HDA10 IAA30 IAA30 HDT4 HDT4 ERF8 ERF8 MYB3R1 MYB3R1 FLC FLC OFP14 OFP14 AGO3 AGO3 AGO2 AGO2 SPEAR4 SPEAR4 BBX25 BBX25 OFP15 OFP15 PAR1 PAR1 AGO5 AGO5 BBX18 BBX18 OFP16 OFP16 RGA RGA NAC050 NAC050 NAC052 NAC052 SNL1 SNL1 AZF3 AZF3 AZF1 AZF1 AZF2 AZF2 IAA26 IAA26 COR28 COR28 COR27 COR27 ARF1-2 ARF1-2 EMF2 EMF2 MYB3R3 MYB3R3 IAA31 IAA31 HDA9 HDA9 RH10 RH10 RGL2 RGL2 HDA15 HDA15 JMJ14 JMJ14 BZIP24 BZIP24 CAMTA3 CAMTA3 SPEAR1 SPEAR1 AGO9 AGO9 OFP17 OFP17 ARID1 ARID1 TPR3 TPR3 MNF13.4 MNF13.4 MYB3R5 MYB3R5 SPEAR3 SPEAR3 CPL1 CPL1 VAL2 VAL2 GTA2 GTA2 MSI5 MSI5 VIL2 VIL2 AFPH2 AFPH2 OFP18 OFP18 SNI1 SNI1 ASIL1 ASIL1 MYB4 MYB4 IAA28 IAA28 AGO10 AGO10 SNL5 SNL5 SNL6 SNL6 OTU6 OTU6 EZA1 EZA1 IAA27 IAA27 OFP7 OFP7 AGO4 AGO4 NAC035 NAC035 TZF4 TZF4 ERF10 ERF10 HDT2 HDT2 BZIP16 BZIP16 ZAT12 ZAT12 MYB7 MYB7 S1FA2 S1FA2 OFP6 OFP6 OFP8 OFP8 AGO8 AGO8 SUP SUP MYB6 MYB6 MYB5 MYB5 AGL15 AGL15 IAA14 IAA14 IAA13 IAA13 IAA12 IAA12 IAA11 IAA11 IAA10 IAA10 IAA9 IAA9 IAA8 IAA8 IAA7 IAA7 IAA6 IAA6 IAA3 IAA3 YY1 YY1 TPR4 TPR4 RING1B RING1B TPR1 TPR1 HAT4 HAT4 CPL4 CPL4 CLF CLF IAA17 IAA17 IAA2 IAA2 IAA1 IAA1 S1FA1 S1FA1 IAA5 IAA5 IAA4 IAA4 ENO2 ENO2 PHYB PHYB FIS2 FIS2 OFP9 OFP9 SPL SPL AS1 AS1 F13P17.5 F13P17.5 ERF4 ERF4 ERF3 ERF3 MEA MEA SAP18 SAP18 LUH LUH AGO6 AGO6 SNL3 SNL3 IAA20 IAA20 IAA19 IAA19 IAA18 IAA18 IAA16 IAA16 OFP11 OFP11 STKL2 STKL2 MSI4 MSI4 MSI3 MSI3 MSI2 MSI2 MSI1 MSI1 HDA19 HDA19 CPC CPC SNL4 SNL4 AS2 AS2 AGO1 AGO1 OFP2 OFP2 DNMT2 DNMT2 MYB87 MYB87 NTL9 NTL9 LDL3 LDL3 MYB88 MYB88 MED33B MED33B SPEAR2 SPEAR2 OFP12 OFP12 BARD1 BARD1 MED13 MED13 OFP4 OFP4 TCL1 TCL1 BBX19 BBX19 TCL2 TCL2 ABI4 ABI4 T31B5.60 T31B5.60
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OFP10Transcription repressor OFP10; Transcriptional repressor that may regulate multiple aspects of plant growth and development through the regulation of BEL1-LIKE (BLH) and KNOX TALE (KNAT) homeodomain transcription factors. (196 aa)
MAH20.24Transcription elongation factor SPT4 homolog 1; May regulate transcription elongation by RNA polymerase II. May enhance transcriptional pausing at sites proximal to the promoter, which may in turn facilitate the assembly of an elongation competent RNA polymerase II complex (By similarity). (116 aa)
STKL1Transcription factor STKL1; Transcription repressor that binds DNA in a sequence-specific manner, 5'-GCCT-3', to regulate the expression of PGR. Acts as a modulatory component for the glucose-triggered developmental leaf growth process. (345 aa)
CPL3RNA polymerase II C-terminal domain phosphatase-like 3; Processively dephosphorylates 'Ser-2' and/or 'Ser-5' of the heptad repeats YSPTSPS in the C-terminal domain of the largest RNA polymerase II subunit (RPB1). This promotes the activity of RNA polymerase II (By similarity). Negative regulator of stress gene transcription involved in abscisic acid (ABA) mediated signaling pathway and cold resistance. (1241 aa)
HDA18Histone deacetylase 18; Responsible for the deacetylation of lysine residues on the N-terminal part of the core histones (H2A, H2B, H3 and H4). Histone deacetylation gives a tag for epigenetic repression and plays an important role in transcriptional regulation, cell cycle progression and developmental events. Required for appropriate cellular patterning in the root epidermis. Histone deacetylases act via the formation of large multiprotein complexes (By similarity). (682 aa)
E2FEE2F transcription factor-like E2FE; Inhibitor of E2F-dependent activation of gene expression. Binds specifically the E2 recognition site without interacting with DP proteins and prevents transcription activation by E2F/DP heterodimers. Controls the timing of endocycle onset and inhibits endoreduplication. (403 aa)
E2FFE2F transcription factor-like E2FF; Inhibitor of E2F-dependent activation of gene expression. Binds specifically the E2 recognition site without interacting with DP proteins and prevents transcription activation by E2F/DP heterodimers. Does not bind retinoblastoma-related proteins. Acts as a growth regulator but is not associated with changes in the expression of cell cycle marker genes or in nuclear ploidy levels. Has no effect on cell proliferation, but may repress cell wall biosynthesis genes during cell elongation in differentiated cells. (354 aa)
HDA5Histone deacetylase 5; Responsible for the deacetylation of lysine residues on the N-terminal part of the core histones (H2A, H2B, H3 and H4). Histone deacetylation gives a tag for epigenetic repression and plays an important role in transcriptional regulation, cell cycle progression and developmental events. Histone deacetylases act via the formation of large multiprotein complexes (By similarity). (660 aa)
IAA32Auxin-responsive protein IAA32; Aux/IAA proteins are short-lived transcriptional factors that function as repressors of early auxin response genes at low auxin concentrations. Repression is thought to result from the interaction with auxin response factors (ARFs), proteins that bind to the auxin- responsive promoter element (AuxRE). Formation of heterodimers with ARF proteins may alter their ability to modulate early auxin response genes expression. (191 aa)
TT16Protein TRANSPARENT TESTA 16; Transcription factor involved in the developmental regulation of the endothelium and in the accumulation of proanthocyanidins (PAs) or condensed tannins which give the seed its brown pigmentation after oxidation. Necessary for the normal activation of the BANYULS promoter in the endothelium body. Is required, together with AGL11/STK for the maternal control of endothelium formation, which is essential for female gametophyte development and fertilization, and seed formation. Interacts genetically with AGL1/SHP1 and AGL5/SHP2 in a partially antagonistic mann [...] (252 aa)
LDL1Lysine-specific histone demethylase 1 homolog 1; Probable histone demethylase that reduces the levels of histone H3 'Lys-4' methylation in chromatin of the floral repressor FLOWERING LOCUS C (FLC) and the sporophytically silenced floral repressor FWA. Seems to act in partial redundancy with FLOWERING LOCUS D (FLD) to repress FLC expression. Required for cytosine methylation of FWA. Controls primary seed dormancy by regulating DOG1 and abscisic acid signaling-related genes. In association with OTU6/OTLD1, involved in transcriptional gene repression via histone deubiquitination and demet [...] (844 aa)
ASR3Trihelix transcription factor ASR3; Transcriptional repressor that binds DNA and plays a negative role in regulating microbe-associated molecular patterns-(MAMPs, e.g. flg22, elf18, chitin, and LPS) triggered immunity (PTI) by negatively regulating immune gene expression. (314 aa)
OFP5Transcription repressor OFP5; Transcriptional repressor that regulates multiple aspects of plant growth and development through the regulation of BEL1-LIKE (BLH) and KNOX TALE (KNAT) homeodomain transcription factors. Required for embryo development. (349 aa)
SEUTranscriptional corepressor SEUSS; DNA-binding adapter subunit of the SEU-LUG transcriptional corepressor of the C class floral homeotic gene AGAMOUS during the early stages of floral meristem development. Is part of the A class cadastral complex that define the boundaries between the A and C class homeotic genes expression and function. Interacts together with APETALA2 and LEUNIG to repress AGAMOUS expression. In association with LUG, regulates petal shape through AGAMOUS-independent mechanisms. Controls cell division during petal development and enable the proper patterning of petal [...] (877 aa)
VAL1B3 domain-containing transcription repressor VAL1; Transcriptional repressor of gene expression involved in embryonic pathways, such as LEC1, ABI3, and FUS3. Repressor of the sugar-inducible genes involved in the seed maturation program in seedlings. Plays an essential role in regulating the transition from seed maturation to seedling growth. Functionally redundant with VAL2/HSL1. (790 aa)
VRN2Polycomb group protein VERNALIZATION 2; Polycomb group (PcG) protein. Plays a central role in vernalization by maintaining repressed the homeotic gene FLC, a floral repressor, after a cold treatment. PcG proteins act by forming multiprotein complexes, which are required to maintain the transcriptionally repressive state of homeotic genes throughout development. PcG proteins are not required to initiate repression, but to maintain it during later stages of development. They probably act via the methylation of histones, rendering chromatin heritably changed in its expressibility. Associa [...] (440 aa)
S1FA3DNA-binding protein S1FA3; DNA-binding protein that specifically recognizes a negative element (S1F) within the RPS1 promoter; Belongs to the S1FA transcription factor family. (73 aa)
IAA29Auxin-responsive protein IAA29; Aux/IAA proteins are short-lived transcriptional factors that function as repressors of early auxin response genes at low auxin concentrations. Repression is thought to result from the interaction with auxin response factors (ARFs), proteins that bind to the auxin- responsive promoter element (AuxRE). Formation of heterodimers with ARF proteins may alter their ability to modulate early auxin response genes expression. (251 aa)
KAN1Transcription repressor KAN1; Transcriptional repressor that regulates lateral organ polarity. Promotes lateral organ abaxial identity by repressing the adaxial regulator ASYMMETRIC LEAVES2 (AS2) in abaxial cells. Required for abaxial identity in both leaves and carpels. Functions with KAN2 in the specification of polarity of the ovule outer integument. Regulates cambium activity by repressing the auxin efflux carrier PIN1. Plays a role in lateral root formation and development. (403 aa)
TCP14Transcription factor TCP14; Transcription factor involved the regulation of plant development. Together with TCP15, modulates plant stature by promoting cell division in young internodes. Represses cell proliferation in leaf and floral tissues. Together with TCP15, acts downstream of gibberellin (GA), and the stratification pathways that promote seed germination. Involved in the control of cell proliferation at the root apical meristem (RAM) by regulating the activity of CYCB1-1. Involved in the regulation of seed germination. May regulate the activation of embryonic growth potential d [...] (489 aa)
HDA14Histone deacetylase 14; Responsible for the deacetylation of lysine residues on the N-terminal part of the core histones (H2A, H2B, H3 and H4). Histone deacetylation gives a tag for epigenetic repression and plays an important role in transcriptional regulation, cell cycle progression and developmental events. Histone deacetylases act via the formation of large multiprotein complexes (By similarity). (423 aa)
HDA2Histone deacetylase 2; Responsible for the deacetylation of lysine residues on the N-terminal part of the core histones (H2A, H2B, H3 and H4). Histone deacetylation gives a tag for epigenetic repression and plays an important role in transcriptional regulation, cell cycle progression and developmental events. Histone deacetylases act via the formation of large multiprotein complexes (By similarity). (387 aa)
LHP1Chromo domain-containing protein LHP1; Structural component of heterochromatin involved in gene repression, including several floral homeotic genes and FLT that regulates flowering time. Required for maintenance of vernalization- induced repression of FLC. As part of the PRC1-like complex, recognizes and binds histone H3 tails methylated at 'Lys-9' (H3K9me) and 'Lys-27' (H3K27me), leading to epigenetic repression. PcG PRC1 complex maintains the transcriptionally repressive state of many genes, including Hox genes, throughout development. PcG PRC1 complex acts via chromatin remodeling a [...] (445 aa)
NAC053NAC domain-containing protein 53; Transcriptional activator activated by proteolytic cleavage through regulated intramembrane proteolysis (RIP) (Ref.6,. Promotes reactive oxygen species (ROS) production during drought-induced leaf senescence. In response to abscisic acid (ABA)-mediated drought stress signals, binds directly to the promoters of RBOHC and RBOHE genes, encoding ROS biosynthetic enzymes, resulting in ROS accumulation and triggering leaf senescence via programmed cell death (PCD). ROS-induced leaf senescence sustains plant survival under drought conditions. Involved in heat [...] (549 aa)
TPLProtein TOPLESS; Transcriptional corepressor. May repress the expression of root-promoting genes in the top half of the embryo to allow proper differentiation of the shoot pole during the transition stage of embryogenesis. Regulates the expression of PLT1 and PLT2. Negative regulator of jasmonate responses. Negative regulator of auxin responses. Negative regulator of multiple floral organ identity genes. Required for ovule development. (1131 aa)
SPT42Transcription elongation factor SPT4 homolog 2; May regulate transcription elongation by RNA polymerase II. May enhance transcriptional pausing at sites proximal to the promoter, which may in turn facilitate the assembly of an elongation competent RNA polymerase II complex (By similarity). (116 aa)
HDA8Histone deacetylase 8; Responsible for the deacetylation of lysine residues on the N-terminal part of the core histones (H2A, H2B, H3 and H4). Histone deacetylation gives a tag for epigenetic repression and plays an important role in transcriptional regulation, cell cycle progression and developmental events. Histone deacetylases act via the formation of large multiprotein complexes (By similarity). (377 aa)
MYB124Transcription factor MYB124; Transcription factor that binds to DNA in promoters cis- regulatory element 5'-GGCGCGC-3' of cell cycle genes, including cyclins, cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs), and components of the pre- replication complex. Binds to DNA in promoters cis-regulatory element 5'-AGCCG-3' of auxin regulated genes (e.g. PIN3 and PIN7). Together with FAMA and MYB88, ensures that stomata contain just two guard cells (GCs) by enforcing a single symmetric precursor cell division before stomatal maturity. Represses the expression of the mitosis-inducing factors CDKB1-1 and CDKA-1, [...] (436 aa)
ERF12Ethylene-responsive transcription factor 12; Involved in the regulation of gene expression by stress factors and by components of stress signal transduction pathways. Transcription factor that binds to the GCC-box pathogenesis-related promoter element. Acts as a transcriptional inhibitor and may regulate other AtERFs (By similarity). (189 aa)
BBX24B-box zinc finger protein 24; Acts as negative regulator of seedling photomorphogenesis and light-regulated inhibition of hypocotyl elongation. BBX24/STO and BBX25/STH function as transcriptional corepressors of HY5 activity, leading to the down- regulation of BBX22 expression. BBX24/STO acts additively with BBX25/STH during de-etiolation and the hypocotyl shade avoidance response. Functions as negative regulator of photomorphogenic UV-B responses by interacting with both COP1 and HY5. May act as a transcription factor in the salt-stress response. (248 aa)
ZAT10Zinc finger protein ZAT10; Transcriptional repressor involved in abiotic stress responses. Can repress the stress responsive genes DREB1A and LTI78. Probably involved in jasmonate (JA) early signaling response. May regulate the expression of the JA biosynthesis gene LOX3 and control the expression of TIFY10A/JAZ1, a key repressor in the JA signaling cascade. (227 aa)
WRKY6WRKY transcription factor 6; Transcription factor involved in the control of processes related to senescence and pathogen defense. Interacts specifically with the W box (5'-(T)TGAC[CT]-3'), a frequently occurring elicitor-responsive cis-acting element. Activates the transcription of the SIRK gene and represses its own expression and that of the WRKY42 genes. Modulates phosphate homeostasis and Pi translocation by regulating PHO1 expression ; Belongs to the WRKY group II-b family. (553 aa)
NAC081Protein ATAF2; Involved in disease resistance response. May function as repressor of pathogenesis-related proteins. May function in the regulation of host basal defense responses against viral infection. Transcriptional activator involved in responses to wounding and infection with tobamovirus (TMV). Binds to the DNA sequences 5'-AAAATATCT-3' and 5'AGATTTTT-3' of CYP734A1/BAS1 and CYP72C1/SOB7 promoters, respectively. Acts as suppressor of the brassinosteroid (BR)-inactivating enzymes CYP734A1/BAS1 and CYP72C1/SOB7, and prevents their expression in almost all tissues. Plays a central r [...] (283 aa)
ERF11Ethylene-responsive transcription factor 11; Involved in the regulation of gene expression by stress factors and by components of stress signal transduction pathways. Transcription factor that binds to the GCC-box pathogenesis-related promoter element. Acts as a transcriptional inhibitor and may regulate other AtERFs (By similarity). (166 aa)
IAA34Auxin-responsive protein IAA34; Aux/IAA proteins are short-lived transcriptional factors that function as repressors of early auxin response genes at low auxin concentrations. Repression is thought to result from the interaction with auxin response factors (ARFs), proteins that bind to the auxin- responsive promoter element (AuxRE). Formation of heterodimers with ARF proteins may alter their ability to modulate early auxin response genes expression. (185 aa)
TIF3E1Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3 subunit E; Component of the eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3 (eIF-3) complex, which is involved in protein synthesis of a specialized repertoire of mRNAs and, together with other initiation factors, stimulates binding of mRNA and methionyl-tRNAi to the 40S ribosome. The eIF-3 complex specifically targets and initiates translation of a subset of mRNAs involved in cell proliferation (Potential). Regulates negatively translation during flower development. (441 aa)
DCP5Protein decapping 5; As a component of the decapping complex, involved in the degradation of mRNAs. Promotes P-body formation. Translational repressor. (611 aa)
TEM1AP2/ERF and B3 domain-containing transcription repressor TEM1; Transcriptional repressor of flowering time on long day plants. Acts directly on FT expression by binding 5'-CAACA-3' and 5'- CACCTG-3 sequences. Functionally redundant with TEM2. Belongs to the AP2/ERF transcription factor family. RAV subfamily. (361 aa)
AGO7Protein argonaute 7; Involved in RNA-mediated post-transcriptional gene silencing (PTGS). Main component of the RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC) that binds to a short guide RNA such as a microRNA (miRNA) or small interfering RNA (siRNA). RISC uses the mature miRNA or siRNA as a guide for slicer-directed cleavage of homologous mRNAs to repress gene expression. Required for the processing of 21 nucleotide trans-acting siRNAs (ta-siRNAs) derived from TAS3a transcripts. Associates preferentially with the microRNA (miRNA) miR390 which guides the cleavage of TAS3 precursor RNA. Seems to [...] (990 aa)
GTL1Trihelix transcription factor GTL1; Transcription repressor that binds specific DNA sequence such as GT3 box 5'-GGTAAA-3' in the SDD1 promoter. Negative regulator of water use efficiency (WUE) via the promotion of stomatal density and distribution by the transcription repression of SDD1. Regulates the expression of several cell cycle genes and endoreduplication, especially in trichomes where it prevents ploidy-dependent plant cell growth. (587 aa)
RGL1DELLA protein RGL1; Probable transcriptional regulator that acts as a repressor of the gibberellin (GA) signaling pathway. No effect of the BOI proteins on its stability. Probably acts by participating in large multiprotein complexes that repress transcription of GA-inducible genes. Has overlapping but distinct roles in GA signaling compared to RGA and GAI. Regulates the floral development. May also participate in seed germination and in ovule and anther development. Its activity is probably regulated by other phytohormones such as auxin and ethylene. (511 aa)
IAA15Auxin-responsive protein IAA15; Aux/IAA proteins are short-lived transcriptional factors that function as repressors of early auxin response genes at low auxin concentrations. Repression is thought to result from the interaction with auxin response factors (ARFs), proteins that bind to the auxin- responsive promoter element (AuxRE). Formation of heterodimers with ARF proteins may alter their ability to modulate early auxin response genes expression. (179 aa)
MYB62Transcription factor MYB62; Transcription repressor of phosphate (Pi) starvation-induced genes. Regulates negatively Pi starvation responses via the repression of gibberellic acid (GA) biosynthesis and signaling. Modulates root architecture, phosphatase activity, and Pi uptake and accumulation. (286 aa)
FLDProtein FLOWERING LOCUS D; Probable histone demethylase that promotes flowering independently of the photoperiod and vernalization pathways by repressing FLOWERING LOCUS C (FLC), a floral repressor that blocks the transition from vegetative to reproductive development. Probably mediates histone H3 'Lys-4' demethylation at FLC locus. Seems to act in partial redundancy with LDL1 and LDL2 to repress FLC expression. Required for histone H4 deacetylation of FLC locus. May be a component of the histone deacetylase complex. (789 aa)
ERF9Ethylene-responsive transcription factor 9; Involved in the regulation of gene expression by stress factors and by components of stress signal transduction pathways. Transcription factor that binds to the GCC-box pathogenesis-related promoter element. Acts as a transcriptional inhibitor and may regulate other AtERFs (By similarity). (200 aa)
KNUZinc finger protein KNUCKLES; May function as a transcriptional repressor of cellular proliferation that regulates floral determinacy and relative size of basal pattern elements along the proximo-distal axis of the developing gynoecium. (161 aa)
GTE10Transcription factor GTE10; Acts as a negative regulator in plant response to changes in environmental conditions through the control of ABA-regulated gene expression. (1061 aa)
HDA7Histone deacetylase 7; Responsible for the deacetylation of lysine residues on the N-terminal part of the core histones (H2A, H2B, H3 and H4). Histone deacetylation gives a tag for epigenetic repression and plays an important role in transcriptional regulation, cell cycle progression and developmental events. May be involved in flowering induction. Histone deacetylases act via the formation of large multiprotein complexes (By similarity); Belongs to the histone deacetylase family. HD type 1 subfamily. (409 aa)
DCP5-LDecapping 5-like protein; As a component of the decapping complex, involved in the degradation of mRNAs. Promotes P-body formation. Translational repressor (By similarity). (571 aa)
VIN3Protein VERNALIZATION INSENSITIVE 3; Plays a central role in vernalization by mediating the initial transcriptional repression of the homeotic gene FLC, a floral repressor, after a cold treatment. However, due to its transient expression, it cannot maintain repression of FLC, which is then maintained by Polycomb Group complexes containing VRN2 throughout development. Required to deacetylate histones on the FLC promoter. Together with VIL1, required during vernalization for the modifications of FLC and FLM chromatin that are associated with an epigenetically silenced state (e.g. chromat [...] (620 aa)
LATEProtein LATE FLOWERING; Acts as a transcriptional repressor. Prevents the photoperiodic and circadian clock-dependent transition to flowering in long days (LD) by repressing the expression of flowering time genes (e.g. FT, GI and CO) in the leaf vasculature, and by interfering with floral meristem identity genes at the apex (e.g. SOC1 and LFY). (173 aa)
SAPTranscriptional regulator STERILE APETALA; Transcriptional regulator involved in the specification of floral identity. Acts as A class cadastral protein by repressing the C class floral homeotic gene AGAMOUS in the external flower organs in association with APETALA2 and other repressors. Is required to maintain floral meristem identity in concert with AGAMOUS. Interacts also with APETALA2 to ensure the normal development of ovule. (446 aa)
MYB36Transcription factor MYB36; Transcription factors that activates genes required for endodermal differentiation but represses genes involved in proliferative divisions, thus regulating the transition from proliferation to differentiation in root endodermis. Required for Casparian strip formation by positively regulating the expression of the Casparian strip genes CASP1, PER64 and ESB1 and other endodermis-specific genes, thus triggering correct localized lignin biosynthesis in root endodermis and subsequently regulating global ion homeostasis. (333 aa)
IAA33Auxin-responsive protein IAA33; Aux/IAA proteins are short-lived transcriptional factors that function as repressors of early auxin response genes at low auxin concentrations. Repression is thought to result from the interaction with auxin response factors (ARFs), proteins that bind to the auxin- responsive promoter element (AuxRE). Formation of heterodimers with ARF proteins may alter their ability to modulate early auxin response genes expression. (171 aa)
RING1APutative E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase RING1a; Putative E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that mediates monoubiquitination of 'Lys-119' of histone H2A (H2AK119ub), thereby playing a central role in histone code and gene regulation. (522 aa)
OFP13Transcription repressor OFP13; Transcriptional repressor that regulates multiple aspects of plant growth and development through the regulation of BEL1-LIKE (BLH) and KNOX TALE (KNAT) homeodomain transcription factors. (260 aa)
HDA6Histone deacetylase 6; Responsible for the deacetylation of lysine residues on the N-terminal part of the core histones (H2A, H2B, H3 and H4). Might remove acetyl residues only from specific targets, such as rDNA repeats or complex transgenes. Histone deacetylation gives a tag for epigenetic repression and plays an important role in transcriptional regulation, cell cycle progression and developmental events. Histone deacetylases act via the formation of large multiprotein complexes. Required for rRNA gene silencing in nucleolar dominance. Plays a role in transgene silencing, but this e [...] (471 aa)
EXA1Protein ESSENTIAL FOR POTEXVIRUS ACCUMULATION 1; Translational repressor involved in the negative regulation of immune receptor accumulation via the inhibition of nucleotide- binding leucine-rich repeat (NLR) receptor mediated defense. Represses NLR protein accumulation (e.g. SNC1, RPS4, RPM1 and RPS2). Together with SMG7, helps to restrict effector-triggered immunity (ETI) cell death induction during pathogen infection in a salicylic acid- (SA) and reactive oxygen species- (ROS) independent manner. Required for pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP)-induced suppression of necrot [...] (1714 aa)
HOS15WD40 repeat-containing protein HOS15; Acts as repressor of cold stress-regulated gene expression. Interacts specifically with and promotes deacetylation of histone H4. Plays a role in gene regulation for plant acclimation and tolerance to cold stress. (613 aa)
ILP1Transcriptional repressor ILP1; Transcriptional repressor regulating endoreduplication through control of A-type cyclins expression. Does not bind to promoter sequences (in vitro) and may act by interacting with tissue-specific transcription factors. Enhances the endocycle in endoreduplicating cells in seedlings. Required for efficient splicing. Belongs to the GCF family. (908 aa)
E2FATranscription factor E2FA; Transcription activator that binds DNA cooperatively with DP proteins through the E2 recognition site, 5'-TTTC[CG]CGC-3' found in the promoter region of a number of genes whose products are involved in cell cycle regulation or in DNA replication. The binding of retinoblastoma-related proteins represses transactivation. Regulates gene expression both positively and negatively. Activates the expression of E2FB. Involved in the control of cell-cycle progression from G1 to S phase. Stimulates cell proliferation and delays differentiation. Belongs to the E2F/DP family. (485 aa)
DPBTranscription factor-like protein DPB; Involved in the regulation of the G1/S transition. Increases the DNA binding activity of E2F proteins after heterodimerization. The complex DPB/E2FC restricts cell division and lateral root initiation and may function as a negative regulator of E2F-regulated genes. The interaction with SKP2A is controlled by auxin. (385 aa)
AGL31Agamous-like MADS-box protein AGL31; Probable transcription factor that prevents vernalization by short periods of cold. Acts as a floral repressor. (196 aa)
LUGTranscriptional corepressor LEUNIG; Transcription repressor subunit of the SEU-LUG transcriptional corepressor of the C class floral homeotic gene AGAMOUS during the early stages of floral meristem development. Is part of the A class cadastral complex that define the boundaries between the A and C class homeotic genes expression and function. Interacts together with APETALA2 and SEUSS to repress AGAMOUS expression. Also plays a role in ovule and pollen development. Implicated in embryo and floral development. Involved in post-synthesis cell wall modifications necessary for mucilage ext [...] (931 aa)
E2FCTranscription factor E2FC; Involved in transcriptional repression. May act by repressing E2F-regulated genes in mature differentiated cells, but is not an antagonist of E2FA. Restricts cell division and is involved in the coordination between cell proliferation and endoreduplication during development. May play a role during the transition from skotomorphogenesis to photomorphogenesis. Regulated by phosphorylation- dependent proteolysis via the protein-ubiquitin ligase SCF(SKP2A) complex. Belongs to the E2F/DP family. (396 aa)
SVPMADS-box protein SVP; Transcription repressor that inhibit floral transition in the autonomous flowering pathway, independent of photoperiod and temperature. Acts in a dosage-dependent manner. Together with AGL24 and AP1, controls the identity of the floral meristem and regulates expression of class B, C and E genes. Promotes EFM expression to suppress flowering. (240 aa)
HDT1Histone deacetylase HDT1; Probably mediates the deacetylation of lysine residues on the N-terminal part of the core histones (H2A, H2B, H3 and H4). Histone deacetylation gives a tag for epigenetic repression and plays an important role in transcriptional regulation, cell cycle progression and developmental events. Required for histone H3 'Lys-9' deacetylation. Involved in rRNA gene silencing in nucleolar dominance. Seems to be implicated in the regulation of genes involved in seeds development; Belongs to the histone deacetylase HD2 family. (245 aa)
NUCL1Nucleolin 1; Involved in pre-rRNA processing and ribosome assembly. Is associated with intranucleolar chromatin and pre-ribosomal particles and plays a role in controlling activation and repression of a specific subset of rRNA genes located in distinctive nucleolar organizer regions. Binds specifically rDNA chromatin and may be required to maintain rDNA chromatin structure, but is probably not required for the overall histone methylation status of 45S rRNA genes. Involved in leaf polarity establishment by functioning cooperatively with AS1 to repress abaxial genes ARF3, ARF4, KAN1, KAN [...] (557 aa)
NAC083NAC domain-containing protein 83; Transcriptional repressor that negatively regulates the expression of genes involved in xylem vessel formation. Represses the transcriptional activation activity of NAC030/VND7, which regulates protoxylem vessel differentiation by promoting immature xylem vessel- specific genes expression. Transcriptional activator that regulates the COLD-REGULATED (COR15A and COR15B) and RESPONSIVE TO DEHYDRATION (LTI78/RD29A and LTI65/RD29B) genes by binding directly to their promoters. Mediates signaling crosstalk between salt stress response and leaf aging process. [...] (252 aa)
ARID2AT-rich interactive domain-containing protein 2. (573 aa)
ERF7Ethylene-responsive transcription factor 7; Involved in the regulation of gene expression by abscisic acid, stress factors and by components of stress signal transduction pathways. Transcription factor that binds to the GCC-box pathogenesis- related promoter element. Part of a transcriptional repressor complex including a histone deacetylase. (244 aa)
RGL3DELLA protein RGL3; Probable transcriptional regulator that acts as a repressor of the gibberellin (GA) signaling pathway. No effect of the BOI proteins on its stability. Probably acts by participating in large multiprotein complexes that repress transcription of GA-inducible genes. Its activity may be regulated by phytohormones such as auxin and ethylene (By similarity); Belongs to the GRAS family. DELLA subfamily. (523 aa)
ZAT18Zinc finger protein ZAT18; Transcription factor involved in stress responses (Probable). Positive regulator of the jasmonic acid (JA)- mediated signaling pathway. Triggers the up- regulation of LOX3, VSP2, PAL1 and PAL2 in a JA-dependent manner. Promotes drought and osmotic stress tolerance by preventing reactive oxygen species (ROS) production (e.g. H(2)O(2)). (175 aa)
SNL2Paired amphipathic helix protein Sin3-like 2; Acts as a transcriptional repressor. Plays roles in regulating gene expression and genome stability (By similarity). (1367 aa)
E2FDE2F transcription factor-like E2FD; Inhibitor of E2F-dependent regulation of gene expression. Binds specifically the E2 recognition site as a monomer without interacting with DP proteins. May be up-regulating E2FA and down- regulating repressors of cell cycle progression. Promotes cell proliferation and represses cell elongation. Regulated by proteolysis via a ubiquitin-proteasome pathway; Belongs to the E2F/DP family. (359 aa)
VIL1VIN3-like protein 1; Involved in both the vernalization and photoperiod pathways by regulating expression of the related floral repressors FLOWERING LOCUS C (FLC) and FLOWERING LOCUS M (FLM). Together with VIN3, required during vernalization for the modifications of FLC and FLM chromatin that are associated with an epigenetically silenced state (e.g. chromatin modifications, histone deacetylation, and trimethylated H3 'Lys-4' H3K4me3 and 'Lys-27' H3K27me3) and with acquisition of competence to flower. Promotes flowering in short days (SD=8 hours light/16 hours dark). Associates dynamic [...] (602 aa)
RBEProbable transcriptional regulator RABBIT EARS; Probable transcriptional regulator essential for petal development. Required for the early development of the organ primordia of the second whorl. Acts downstream of AP1 and PTL. (226 aa)
LDL2Lysine-specific histone demethylase 1 homolog 2; Probable histone demethylase that reduces the levels of histone H3 'Lys-4' methylation in chromatin of the floral repressor FLOWERING LOCUS C (FLC) and the sporophytically silenced floral repressor FWA. Seems to act in partial redundancy with FLOWERING LOCUS D (FLD) to repress FLC expression. Required for cytosine methylation of FWA. Controls primary seed dormancy by regulating DOG1 and abscisic acid signaling-related genes. Belongs to the flavin monoamine oxidase family. (746 aa)
BBX32B-box zinc finger protein 32; Repressor of light-mediated regulation of seedling development. Functions by suppressing the activities of positive cofactors like BBX21 and HY5 involved in modulating light-regulated gene expression and growth. (225 aa)
ASIL2Trihelix transcription factor ASIL2; Transcription regulator that may repress the maturation program during early embryogenesis. (443 aa)
RBR1Retinoblastoma-related protein 1; Key regulator of entry into cell division. Acts as a transcription repressor of E2F target genes, whose activity is required for progress from the G1 to the S phase of the cell cycle. Hyperphosphorylation by CDKA-1 prevents the binding to E2F transcription factors, allowing G1 to S phase transition to operate. Forms a stable complex with E2FA that functions in maintaining cell proliferation through repression of cell differentiation. Plays a central role in the mechanism controlling meristem cell differentiation, cell fate establishment and cell fate m [...] (1013 aa)
GAIDELLA protein GAI; Transcriptional regulator that acts as a repressor of the gibberellin (GA) signaling pathway. Transcription coactivator of the zinc finger transcription factors GAF1/IDD2 and ENY/IDD1 in regulation of gibberellin homeostasis and signaling. No effect of the BOI proteins on its stability. Probably acts by participating in large multiprotein complexes that repress transcription of GA-inducible genes. Positively regulates XERICO expression. In contrast to RGA, it is less sensitive to GA. Its activity is probably regulated by other phytohormones such as auxin and ethylene [...] (533 aa)
TPR2-2Topless-related protein 2; Transcriptional corepressor. Negative regulator of jasmonate responses (By similarity). (1131 aa)
FIEPolycomb group protein FERTILIZATION-INDEPENDENT ENDOSPERM; Polycomb group (PcG) protein. PcG proteins act by forming multiprotein complexes, which are required to maintain the transcriptionally repressive state of homeotic genes throughout development. PcG proteins are not required to initiate repression, but to maintain it during later stages of development. They probably act via the methylation of histones, rendering chromatin heritably changed in its expressibility. Required to prevent the proliferation of the central cell by repressing unknown target genes before fertilization. Pr [...] (369 aa)
MED33AMediator of RNA polymerase II transcription subunit 33A; Component of the Mediator complex, a coactivator involved in the regulated transcription of nearly all RNA polymerase II-dependent genes. Mediator functions as a bridge to convey information from gene- specific regulatory proteins to the basal RNA polymerase II transcription machinery. The Mediator complex, having a compact conformation in its free form, is recruited to promoters by direct interactions with regulatory proteins and serves for the assembly of a functional preinitiation complex with RNA polymerase II and the general [...] (1309 aa)
RID218S rRNA (guanine-N(7))-methyltransferase RID2; Essential protein. S-adenosyl-L-methionine- dependent methyltransferase that specifically methylates the N(7) position of a guanine in 18S rRNA. Requires the methyltransferase adapter protein TRM112 for full rRNA methyltransferase activity. Important for biogenesis end export of the 40S ribosomal subunit independent on its methyltransferase activity (By similarity). Involved in the pre-rRNA processing steps in the nucleolus leading to small- subunit rRNA production independently of its RNA-modifying catalytic activity. Supports cell proli [...] (289 aa)
OFP3Transcription repressor OFP3; Transcriptional repressor that may regulate multiple aspects of plant growth and development through the regulation of BEL1-LIKE (BLH) and KNOX TALE (KNAT) homeodomain transcription factors. (296 aa)
KUA1Transcription factor KUA1; Transcriptional repressor. Direct regulator of the transcription of peroxidase (Prxs) and reactive oxygen species (ROS)-related genes via the recognition of 5'-ATCACA-3' motif. Binds to 5'-TATCCA-3' motif (TA box) and represses the activity of corresponding promoters (e.g. sugar response genes). Regulates hypocotyl elongation in response to darkness by enhancing auxin accumulation in a phytochrome-interacting factor (PIF) proteins-dependent manner. Promotes lateral roots formation. Promotes cell expansion during leaves development via the modulation of cell w [...] (365 aa)
HIRAProtein HIRA; Histone chaperone involved in maintining knox genes silencing throughout leaf development. Involved in heterochromatic and euchromatic gene silencing, especially upon salt stress. Involved in gene expression reprogramming during dedifferentiation probably by modifying histone H3.3 recruitment at the nucleolus. Contributes to maintenance of silencing of pericentromeric repeats and certain transposons ; Belongs to the WD repeat HIR1 family. (1024 aa)
HDA17Histone deacetylase 17; Responsible for the deacetylation of lysine residues on the N-terminal part of the core histones (H2A, H2B, H3 and H4). Histone deacetylation gives a tag for epigenetic repression and plays an important role in transcriptional regulation, cell cycle progression and developmental events. Histone deacetylases act via the formation of large multiprotein complexes (By similarity). (158 aa)
PAR2Transcription factor PAR2; Atypical bHLH transcription factor that acts as negative regulator of a variety of shade avoidance syndrome (SAS) responses, including seedling elongation and photosynthetic pigment accumulation. Acts as direct transcriptional repressor of two auxin-responsive genes, SAUR15 and SAUR68. May function in integrating shade and hormone transcriptional networks in response to light and auxin changes. (118 aa)
EMF1Protein EMBRYONIC FLOWER 1; Transcription repressor that regulates phase transition during shoot, flower and seeds development. Controls leaves development, shoot architecture and flowering by delaying both the vegetative to reproductive transition and flower initiation. Participates in polycomb group (PcG) protein complex-mediated (including EMF2) silencing of the flower homeotic genes AGAMOUS (AG), PISTILLATA (PI), and APETALA3 (AP3), as well as of some regulatory genes such as ABSCISIC ACID INSENSITIVE3 (ABI3), LONG VEGETATIVE PHASE1 (LOV1), and FLOWERING LOCUS C (FLC) during vegeta [...] (1096 aa)
HDT3Histone deacetylase HDT3; Probably mediates the deacetylation of lysine residues on the N-terminal part of the core histones (H2A, H2B, H3 and H4). Histone deacetylation gives a tag for epigenetic repression and plays an important role in transcriptional regulation, cell cycle progression and developmental events. Involved in the modulation of abscisic acid and stress-responsive genes. (294 aa)
OFP1Transcription repressor OFP1; Transcriptional repressor that regulates multiple aspects of plant growth and development through the regulation of BEL1-LIKE (BLH) and KNOX TALE (KNAT) homeodomain transcription factors. Controls the subcellular localization of the homeodomain protein BLH1. Plays a role in the regulation of cell elongation by controlling the expression of GA20OX1, a gene that encodes a key enzyme in gibberellin biosynthesis. May play a role in double-stranded DNA repair through the DNA non- homologous end joining (NHEJ) pathway along with KU70 and KU80 protein complex. Po [...] (270 aa)
HDA10Putative histone deacetylase 10; Responsible for the deacetylation of lysine residues on the N-terminal part of the core histones (H2A, H2B, H3 and H4). Histone deacetylation gives a tag for epigenetic repression and plays an important role in transcriptional regulation, cell cycle progression and developmental events. Histone deacetylases act via the formation of large multiprotein complexes (By similarity). (142 aa)
IAA30Auxin-responsive protein IAA30; Aux/IAA proteins are short-lived transcriptional factors that function as repressors of early auxin response genes at low auxin concentrations. Repression is thought to result from the interaction with auxin response factors (ARFs), proteins that bind to the auxin- responsive promoter element (AuxRE). Formation of heterodimers with ARF proteins may alter their ability to modulate early auxin response genes expression. (172 aa)
HDT4Histone deacetylase HDT4; Probably mediates the deacetylation of lysine residues lysine residues on the N-terminal part of the core histones (H2A, H2B, H3 and H4). Histone deacetylation gives a tag for epigenetic repression and plays an important role in transcriptional regulation, cell cycle progression and developmental events. (203 aa)
ERF8Ethylene-responsive transcription factor 8; Involved in the regulation of gene expression by stress factors and by components of stress signal transduction pathways. Transcription factor that binds to the GCC-box pathogenesis-related promoter element. Acts as a transcriptional inhibitor and may regulate other AtERFs (By similarity). (185 aa)
MYB3R1Transcription factor MYB3R-1; Transcription factor that binds 5'-AACGG-3' motifs in gene promoters. Transcription activator involved in the regulation of cytokinesis, probably via the activation of several G2/M phase-specific genes transcription (e.g. KNOLLE). Transcription repressor that regulates organ growth. Binds to the promoters of G2/M-specific genes and to E2F target genes to prevent their expression in post-mitotic cells and to restrict the time window of their expression in proliferating cells. Required for the maintenance of diploidy. (776 aa)
FLCMADS-box protein FLOWERING LOCUS C; Putative transcription factor that seems to play a central role in the regulation of flowering time in the late-flowering phenotype by interacting with 'FRIGIDA', the autonomous and the vernalization flowering pathways. Inhibits flowering by repressing 'SUPPRESSOR OF OVEREXPRESSION OF CONSTANS 1'. (196 aa)
OFP14Transcription repressor OFP14; Transcriptional repressor that may regulate multiple aspects of plant growth and development through the regulation of BEL1-LIKE (BLH) and KNOX TALE (KNAT) homeodomain transcription factors. (294 aa)
AGO3Protein argonaute 3; Involved in RNA-mediated post-transcriptional gene silencing (PTGS). Main component of the RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC) that binds to a short guide RNA such as a microRNA (miRNA) or small interfering RNA (siRNA). RISC uses the mature miRNA or siRNA as a guide for slicer-directed cleavage of homologous mRNAs to repress gene expression (By similarity). (1194 aa)
AGO2Protein argonaute 2; Involved in RNA-mediated post-transcriptional gene silencing (PTGS). Main component of the RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC) that binds to a short guide RNA such as microRNA (miRNA) or small interfering RNA (siRNA). RISC uses the mature miRNA or siRNA as a guide for slicer-directed cleavage of homologous mRNAs to repress gene expression. Associates mainly with siRNAs of 21 nucleotide in length and preferentially recruits small RNAs with a 5' terminal adenosine. Probably involved in antiviral RNA silencing. Associates with siRNA derived from cucumber mosaic virus [...] (1014 aa)
SPEAR4Protein SPEAR4; Adapter-like transcriptional repressor recruiting TPL/TPR coepressors to inhibit TCP transcription factors (By similarity). May be involved in leaf development. (300 aa)
BBX25B-box zinc finger protein 25; Acts as negative regulator of seedling photomorphogenesis. BBX25/STH and BBX24/STO function as transcriptional corepressors of HY5 activity, leading to the down-regulation of BBX22 expression. BBX25/STH acts additively with BBX24/STO during de- etiolation and the hypocotyl shade avoidance response. (238 aa)
OFP15Transcription repressor OFP15; Transcriptional repressor that regulates multiple aspects of plant growth and development through the regulation of BEL1-LIKE (BLH) and KNOX TALE (KNAT) homeodomain transcription factors. (261 aa)
PAR1Transcription factor PAR1; Atypical bHLH transcription factor that acts as negative regulator of a variety of shade avoidance syndrome (SAS) responses, including seedling elongation and photosynthetic pigment accumulation. Acts as direct transcriptional repressor of two auxin-responsive genes, SAUR15 and SAUR68. May function in integrating shade and hormone transcriptional networks in response to light and auxin changes. (118 aa)
AGO5Protein argonaute 5; Involved in RNA-mediated post-transcriptional gene silencing (PTGS). Main component of the RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC) that binds to a short guide RNA such as a microRNA (miRNA) or small interfering RNA (siRNA). RISC uses the mature miRNA or siRNA as a guide for slicer-directed cleavage of homologous mRNAs to repress gene expression. Associates with siRNAs of various sizes, from 21-24 nucleotide in length and preferentially recruits small RNAs with a 5' terminal cytosine. Probably involved in antiviral RNA silencing. Associates with siRNAs derived from cuc [...] (997 aa)
BBX18B-box zinc finger protein 18; Acts as negative regulator of seedling photomorphogenesis. Acts as a negative regulator of blue light-mediated inhibition of hypocotyl elongation through increase of bioactive gibberellin levels. Acts as a repressor of thermotolerance by modulating expression of a set of heat shock- responsive genes. (172 aa)
OFP16Transcription repressor OFP16; Transcriptional repressor that regulates multiple aspects of plant growth and development through the regulation of BEL1-LIKE (BLH) and KNOX TALE (KNAT) homeodomain transcription factors. (244 aa)
RGADELLA protein RGA; Probable transcriptional regulator that acts as a repressor of the gibberellin (GA) signaling pathway. Probably acts by participating in large multiprotein complexes that repress transcription of GA-inducible genes. Positively regulates XERICO expression in seeds. Upon GA application, it is degraded by the proteasome, allowing the GA signaling pathway. Compared to other DELLA proteins, it is the most sensitive to GA application. No effect of the BOI proteins on its stability. Its activity is probably regulated by other phytohormones such as auxin and ethylene, attenu [...] (587 aa)
NAC050NAC domain containing protein 50; Transcriptional repressor that binds to the motif 5'- (C/T)A(C/A)G-3' in the promoter of target genes. Binds also to the 5'-CTTGNNNNNCAAG-3' consensus sequence in chromatin. Can bind to the mitochondrial dysfunction motif (MDM) present in the upstream regions of mitochondrial dysfunction stimulon (MDS) genes involved in mitochondrial retrograde regulation (MRR). Together with NAC051/NAC052 and JMJ14, regulates gene expression and flowering time by associating with the histone demethylase JMJ14, probably by the promotion of RNA-mediated gene silencing. (447 aa)
NAC052NAC domain containing protein 52; Transcriptional repressor that binds to the motif 5'- (C/T)A(C/A)G-3' in the promoter of target genes. Binds also to the 5'-CTTGNNNNNCAAG-3' consensus sequence in chromatin. Can bind to the mitochondrial dysfunction motif (MDM) present in the upstream regions of mitochondrial dysfunction stimulon (MDS) genes involved in mitochondrial retrograde regulation (MRR). Together with NAC050 and JMJ14, regulates gene expression and flowering time by associating with the histone demethylase JMJ14, probably by the promotion of RNA-mediated gene silencing. Regulat [...] (451 aa)
SNL1Paired amphipathic helix protein Sin3-like 1; Acts as a transcriptional repressor. An histone deacetylase (HDAC) activity is required for transcription repression. May play a role in telomere stability. (1372 aa)
AZF3Zinc finger protein AZF3; Transcriptional repressor probably involved in abiotic stress responses. Binds DNA in a sequence-specific manner and can repress the transactivation activity of other transcription factors. (193 aa)
AZF1Zinc finger protein AZF1; Transcriptional repressor involved in the inhibition of plant growth under abiotic stress conditions. Can repress the expression of various genes, including osmotic stress and abscisic acid-repressive genes and auxin-inducible genes, by binding to their promoter regions in a DNA sequence-specific manner. (245 aa)
AZF2Zinc finger protein AZF2; Transcriptional repressor involved in the inhibition of plant growth under abiotic stress conditions. Can repress the expression of various genes, including osmotic stress and abscisic acid-repressive genes and auxin-inducible genes, by binding to their promoter regions in a DNA sequence-specific manner. Acts as a negative regulator of abscisic acid (ABA) signaling during seed germination. Probably involved in jasmonate (JA) early signaling response. May regulate the expression of the JA biosynthesis gene LOX3 and control the expression of TIFY10A/JAZ1, a key [...] (273 aa)
IAA26Auxin-responsive protein IAA26; Aux/IAA proteins are short-lived transcriptional factors that function as repressors of early auxin response genes at low auxin concentrations. Repression is thought to result from the interaction with auxin response factors (ARFs), proteins that bind to the auxin- responsive promoter element (AuxRE). Formation of heterodimers with ARF proteins may alter their ability to modulate early auxin response genes expression. (269 aa)
COR28Cold-regulated protein 28; Together with COR27, involved in central circadian clock regulation and in flowering promotion, by binding to the chromatin of clock-associated evening genes TOC1, PRR5, ELF4 and cold-responsive genes in order to repress their transcription. Negative regulator of freezing tolerance. (218 aa)
COR27Cold-regulated protein 27; Together with COR28, involved in central circadian clock regulation and in flowering promotion, by binding to the chromatin of clock-associated evening genes TOC1, PRR5, ELF4 and cold-responsive genes in order to repress their transcription. Negative regulator of freezing tolerance. (246 aa)
ARF1-2Auxin response factor 1; Auxin response factors (ARFs) are transcriptional factors that bind specifically to the DNA sequence 5'-TGTCTC-3' found in the auxin-responsive promoter elements (AuxREs). Seems to act as transcriptional repressor. Formation of heterodimers with Aux/IAA proteins may alter their ability to modulate early auxin response genes expression. Promotes flowering, stamen development, floral organ abscission and fruit dehiscence. Acts as repressor of IAA2, IAA3 and IAA7. (665 aa)
EMF2Polycomb group protein EMBRYONIC FLOWER 2; Polycomb group (PcG) protein. Involved in flowering processes by repressing unknown target genes and preventing reproductive development. Participates in polycomb group (PcG) protein complex- mediated (probably in complex with EMF1) silencing of the flower homeotic genes AGAMOUS (AG), PISTILLATA (PI), and APETALA3 (AP3), as well as of some regulatory genes such as ABSCISIC ACID INSENSITIVE3 (ABI3), LONG VEGETATIVE PHASE1 (LOV1), and FLOWERING LOCUS C (FLC) during vegetative development, by mediating trimethylation of histone 3 lysine 27 on the [...] (631 aa)
MYB3R3Transcription factor MYB3R-3; Transcription factor that binds 5'-AACGG-3' motifs in gene promoters (By similarity). Transcription repressor that regulates organ growth. Binds to the promoters of G2/M-specific genes and to E2F target genes to prevent their expression in post-mitotic cells and to restrict the time window of their expression in proliferating cells. (505 aa)
IAA31Auxin-responsive protein IAA31; Aux/IAA proteins are short-lived transcriptional factors that function as repressors of early auxin response genes at low auxin concentrations. Repression is thought to result from the interaction with auxin response factors (ARFs), proteins that bind to the auxin- responsive promoter element (AuxRE). Formation of heterodimers with ARF proteins may alter their ability to modulate early auxin response genes expression. (158 aa)
HDA9Histone deacetylase 9; Responsible for the deacetylation of lysine residues on the N-terminal part of the core histones (H2A, H2B, H3 and H4). Histone deacetylation gives a tag for epigenetic repression and plays an important role in transcriptional regulation, cell cycle progression and developmental events. Histone deacetylases act via the formation of large multiprotein complexes (By similarity); Belongs to the histone deacetylase family. HD type 1 subfamily. (426 aa)
RH10DEAD-box ATP-dependent RNA helicase 10; Involved in leaf polarity establishment by functioning cooperatively with AS2 to repress abaxial genes ARF3, ARF4, KAN1, KAN2, YAB1 and YAB5, and the knox homeobox genes KNAT1, KNAT2, KNAT6, and STM to promote adaxial development in leaf primordia at shoot apical meristems at high temperatures. Involved in the processing of pre-rRNA intermediates at high temperatures; Belongs to the DEAD box helicase family. DDX47/RRP3 subfamily. (456 aa)
RGL2DELLA protein RGL2; Probable transcriptional regulator that acts as a repressor of the gibberellin (GA) signaling pathway. No effect of the BOI proteins on its stability. Probably acts by participating in large multiprotein complexes that repress transcription of GA-inducible genes. Upon GA application, it is degraded by the proteasome, allowing the GA signaling pathway. Acts as a major GA-response repressor of seed germination, including seed thermoinhibition. Promotes the biosynthesis of abscisic acid (ABA), especially in seed coats to maintain seed dormancy. Delays flowering and adu [...] (547 aa)
HDA15Histone deacetylase 15; Responsible for the deacetylation of lysine residues on the N-terminal part of the core histones (H2A, H2B, H3 and H4). Histone deacetylation gives a tag for epigenetic repression and plays an important role in transcriptional regulation, cell cycle progression and developmental events. Histone deacetylases act via the formation of large multiprotein complexes (By similarity). (552 aa)
JMJ14Probable lysine-specific demethylase JMJ14; Transcriptional repressor. Histone demethylase that demethylates 'Lys-4' (H3K4me) of histone H3 with a higher activity for H3K4me3 and H3K4me2 than H3K4me1. No activity on H3K9me3/2, H3K36me3/2 and H3K27me3/2. Represses FT and TSF expression to inhibit the floral transition. Binds around the transcription start site of the FT locus. Involved in the DRM2-mediated maintenance of DNA methylation, but not required for the de novo DNA methylation. Required for demethylating histone H3K4me3 at the target of RNA silencing. Together with NAC051/NAC05 [...] (954 aa)
BZIP24Basic leucine zipper 24; Transcription factor involved in the regulation of salt stress response. Functions as a negative transcriptional regulator of salt stress acclimation response by regulating cation homeostasis. Regulates negatively the expression of genes contributing to ion and osmotic homeostasis during salt stress, such as the Na(+) transporter HKT1, the Na(+)/H(+) antiporter SOS1, the aquaporin PIP2-1 and the glutamine synthetase GLN1-3. In addition, targets genes with functions in plant growth and development, such as argonaute 4 (AGO4) and cyclophilin 19 (CYP19). (227 aa)
CAMTA3Calmodulin-binding transcription activator 3; Transcription activator that binds to the DNA consensus sequence 5'-[ACG]CGCG[GTC]-3'. Binds calmodulin in a calcium-dependent manner in vitro. Regulates transcriptional activity in response to calcium signals (Probable). Involved in freezing tolerance in association with CAMTA1 and CAMTA2. Required for the cold-induced expression of DREB1B/CBF1, DREB1C/CBF2, ZAT12 and GOLS3. Involved in response to cold. Contributes together with CAMTA5 to the positive regulation of the cold-induced expression of DREB1A/CBF3, DREB1B/CBF1 and DREB1C/CBF2. I [...] (1032 aa)
SPEAR1Protein SPEAR1; Adapter-like transcriptional repressor recruiting TPL/TPR corepressors to inhibit TCP transcription factors. (178 aa)
AGO9Protein argonaute 9; Involved in RNA-mediated post-transcriptional gene silencing (PTGS). Main component of the RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC) that binds to a short guide RNA such as a microRNA (miRNA) or small interfering RNA (siRNA). RISC uses the mature miRNA or siRNA as a guide for slicer-directed cleavage of homologous mRNAs to repress gene expression. Associates preferentially with small RNAs of 24 nucleotide in length with a 5' terminal adenosine. Interacts with 24 nucleotide sRNAs derived from transposable elements (TEs). Required to silence pericentrometric-located TEs i [...] (896 aa)
OFP17Transcription repressor OFP17; Transcriptional repressor that may regulate multiple aspects of plant growth and development through the regulation of BEL1-LIKE (BLH) and KNOX TALE (KNAT) homeodomain transcription factors. (195 aa)
ARID1AT-rich interactive domain-containing protein 1. (562 aa)
TPR3Topless-related protein 3; Transcriptional corepressor. Negative regulator of jasmonate responses (By similarity). (1108 aa)
MNF13.4Ribosomal RNA-processing protein 8; Probable methyltransferase required to silence rDNA. (287 aa)
MYB3R5Transcription factor MYB3R-5; Transcription factor that binds 5'-AACGG-3' motifs in gene promoters (By similarity). Transcription repressor that regulates organ growth. Binds to the promoters of G2/M-specific genes and to E2F target genes to prevent their expression in post-mitotic cells and to restrict the time window of their expression in proliferating cells. (548 aa)
SPEAR3Protein SPEAR3; Transcriptional regulator of leaf development. Acts as an adapter-like transcriptional repressor recruiting TPL/TPR corepressors to inhibit the CIN-like TCP transcription factors. (193 aa)
CPL1RNA polymerase II C-terminal domain phosphatase-like 1; Processively dephosphorylates 'Ser-5' but not 'Ser-2' of the heptad repeats YSPTSPS in the C-terminal domain of the largest RNA polymerase II subunit (RPB1). This promotes the activity of RNA polymerase II. Together with CPL2, required for male gametes fertility. Multifunctional regulator that modulates plant growth, stress, and phytohormones responses. Negative regulator of stress gene transcription involved in abscisic acid (ABA) mediated and jasmonic acid (JA) mediated signaling pathways, NaCl, osmotic stress, wounding, and col [...] (967 aa)
VAL2B3 domain-containing transcription repressor VAL2; Transcriptional repressor of gene expression involved in embryonic pathways, such as LEC1, ABI3, and FUS3. Repressor of the sugar-inducible genes involved in the seed maturation program in seedlings. Plays an essential role in regulating the transition from seed maturation to seedling growth. Functionally redundant with VAL1/HSI2. (780 aa)
GTA2Putative transcription elongation factor SPT5 homolog 1; May regulate transcription elongation by RNA polymerase II. May enhance transcriptional pausing at sites proximal to the promoter, which may in turn facilitate the assembly of an elongation competent RNA polymerase II complex (By similarity); Belongs to the SPT5 family. (1041 aa)
MSI5WD-40 repeat-containing protein MSI5; Core histone-binding subunit that may target chromatin assembly factors, chromatin remodeling factors and histone deacetylases to their histone substrates in a manner that is regulated by nucleosomal DNA; Belongs to the WD repeat RBAP46/RBAP48/MSI1 family. (487 aa)
VIL2VIN3-like protein 2; Maybe involved in both the vernalization and photoperiod pathways by regulating gene expression. Binds preferentially to dimethylated histone H3 'Lys-9' (H3K9me2). Promotes flowering in non- inductive photoperiods (e.g. short days) through the maintenance of the epigenetically repressed state of MAF5 via H3K9me2 and plant homeodomain / polycomb repressive complex 2 (PHD-PRC2)-dependent H3K27me3. (714 aa)
AFPH2AFP homolog 2; Acts as a transcriptional repressor. Negative regulator of jasmonate responses. Connects the JAZ proteins and the non-JAZ protein TIFY8 with the TOPLESS corepressors; Belongs to the Ninja family. (425 aa)
OFP18Transcription repressor OFP18; Transcriptional repressor that regulates multiple aspects of plant growth and development through the regulation of BEL1-LIKE (BLH) and KNOX TALE (KNAT) homeodomain transcription factors. (282 aa)
SNI1Negative regulator of systemic acquired resistance SNI1; Component of the SMC5-SMC6 complex, a complex involved in repair of DNA double-strand breaks by homologous recombination. Transcription repressor that prevents expression of pathogenesis-related genes (PR) via histone modifications and binding negative cis-acting elements at their promoters. Negative regulator of hypersensitive response (HR) and systemic acquired resistance (SAR) required to dampen the basal expression of pathogenesis related (PR) genes. Functions synergistically with NTL9/CBNAC as negative regulator of pathogen- [...] (432 aa)
ASIL1Trihelix transcription factor ASIL1; Transcription repressor that binds specific DNA sequence such as the GT-box-like motif 5'-CGTGATT-3' in the AT2S3 promoter. Negative regulator of seed maturation genes during seed germination and seedling development. May target GT-box-containing embryonic genes by competing with the binding of transcriptional activators to this promoter region. Contributes to the maintenance and control of seed filling and may repress the maturation program during early embryogenesis. (383 aa)
MYB4Transcription repressor MYB4; Transcription repressor involved in regulation of protection against UV. Mediates transcriptional repression of CYP73A5, the gene encoding trans-cinnamate 4-monooxygenase, thereby regulating the accumulation of the UV-protectant compound sinapoylmalate. (282 aa)
IAA28Auxin-responsive protein IAA28; Aux/IAA proteins are short-lived transcriptional factors that function as repressors of early auxin response genes at low auxin concentrations. Repression is thought to result from the interaction with auxin response factors (ARFs), proteins that bind to the auxin- responsive promoter element (AuxRE). Formation of heterodimers with ARF proteins may alter their ability to modulate early auxin response genes expression. (175 aa)
AGO10Protein argonaute 10; Involved in RNA-mediated post-transcriptional gene silencing (PTGS). Main component of the RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC) that binds to a short guide RNA such as a microRNA (miRNA) or small interfering RNA (siRNA). RISC uses the mature miRNA or siRNA as a guide for slicer-directed cleavage of homologous mRNAs to repress gene expression. Required for reliable formation of primary and axillary shoot apical meristems. Specifies leaf adaxial identity by repressing the miR165 and miR166 microRNAs in the embryonic shoot apex, in the shoot apical meristem (SAM) and [...] (988 aa)
SNL5Paired amphipathic helix protein Sin3-like 5; Acts as a transcriptional repressor. Plays roles in regulating gene expression and genome stability (By similarity). (1162 aa)
SNL6Paired amphipathic helix protein Sin3-like 6; Acts as a transcriptional repressor. Plays roles in regulating gene expression and genome stability (By similarity). (1173 aa)
OTU6OVARIAN TUMOR DOMAIN-containing deubiquitinating enzyme 6; Hydrolase that can remove conjugated ubiquitin from proteins in vitro and may therefore play an important regulatory role at the level of protein turnover by preventing degradation. Binds chromatin (e.g. nucleosomes and histones) and has enzymatic histone deubiquitinase activity, specific for the H2B histone. Can both repress (e.g. OSR2) and promote (e.g. AN3) the expression of target genes by associating with chromatin, deubiquitinating H2B and regulating its euchromatic histone marks (e.g. H3ac and H3K4me). In association wit [...] (505 aa)
EZA1Histone-lysine N-methyltransferase EZA1; Polycomb group (PcG) protein. Catalytic subunit of some PcG multiprotein complex, which methylates 'Lys-27' of histone H3, leading to transcriptional repression of the affected target genes. PcG proteins act by forming multiprotein complexes, which are required to maintain the transcriptionally repressive state of homeotic genes throughout development. PcG proteins are not required to initiate repression, but to maintain it during later stages of development (By similarity). (856 aa)
IAA27Auxin-responsive protein IAA27; Aux/IAA proteins are short-lived transcriptional factors that function as repressors of early auxin response genes at low auxin concentrations. Repression is thought to result from the interaction with auxin response factors (ARFs), proteins that bind to the auxin- responsive promoter element (AuxRE). Formation of heterodimers with ARF proteins may alter their ability to modulate early auxin response genes expression. (305 aa)
OFP7Transcription repressor OFP7; Transcriptional repressor that regulates multiple aspects of plant growth and development through the regulation of BEL1-LIKE (BLH) and KNOX TALE (KNAT) homeodomain transcription factors. (315 aa)
AGO4Protein argonaute 4; Together with RDM3, required for transcriptional gene silencing (TGS) by DNA methylation and repressive histone modifications (H3K9me2) of several chromatin loci. Component of the RISC complex that associate with the small interfering RNA (siRNA) pathway involved in direct cytosine methylation at endogenous DNA repeats. Forms a AGO4/NRPE1/siRNA complex in cajal body, facilitating its function in RNA-directed gene silencing of target loci. Required for CpNpG and asymmetric DNA methylation as well as histone H3 'Lys-9' methylation (H3K9me) at SUP and SN1 loci. May be [...] (924 aa)
NAC035NAC domain-containing protein 35; Transcription factor that acts as a floral repressor. Controls flowering time by negatively regulating CONSTANS (CO) expression in a GIGANTEA (GI)-independent manner. Regulates the plant cold response by positive regulation of the cold response genes COR15A and KIN1. May coordinate cold response and flowering time. (414 aa)
TZF4Zinc finger CCCH domain-containing protein 2; Probable transcription repressor that functions as negative regulator of phytochrome-mediated promotion of seed germination. Inhibits seed germination by regulating the expression of gibberellic acid (GA) and abscisic acid (ABA) metabolic genes. Does not regulate the expression of the DELLA genes RGA and RGA1. Activated by PIL5, a phytochrome-interacting basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor. (393 aa)
ERF10Ethylene-responsive transcription factor 10; Involved in the regulation of gene expression by stress factors and by components of stress signal transduction pathways. Transcription factor that binds to the GCC-box pathogenesis-related promoter element. Acts as a transcriptional inhibitor and may regulate other AtERFs (By similarity). (245 aa)
HDT2Histone deacetylase HDT2; Probably mediates the deacetylation of lysine residues on the N-terminal part of the core histones (H2A, H2B, H3 and H4). Histone deacetylation gives a tag for epigenetic repression and plays an important role in transcriptional regulation, cell cycle progression and developmental events; Belongs to the histone deacetylase HD2 family. (306 aa)
BZIP16bZIP transcription factor 16; Transcriptional activator that binds to the G-box motif (5'- CACGTG-3') and other cis-acting elements with 5'-ACGT-3' core, such as Hex, C-box and as-1 motifs. Possesses high binding affinity to G-box, much lower affinity to Hex and C-box, and little affinity to as-1 element. G-box and G-box-like motifs are cis-acting elements defined in promoters of certain plant genes which are regulated by such diverse stimuli as light-induction or hormone control (Probable). Binds to the G-box motif 5'-CACGTG-3' of LHCB2.4 (At3g27690) promoter. May act as transcription [...] (409 aa)
ZAT12Zinc finger protein ZAT12; Transcriptional repressor involved in light acclimation, cold and oxidative stress responses. May regulate a collection of transcripts involved in response to high-light, cold and oxidative stress. (162 aa)
MYB7Transcription factor MYB7; Transcription factor involved in the negative regulation of flavonol biosynthesis. Represses the early phenylpropanoid genes, phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), cinnamate 4-hydroxylase (C4H) and 4- coumarate-CoA ligase (4CL), as well as the flavonoid-specific genes, flavonoid 3'-hydroxylase (F3'H) and dihydroflavonol 4-reductase (DFR). Plays a role in seed germination inhibition. Negatively regulates the expression of the abscisic acid (ABA) signaling transcription factor ABI5 in seeds. (269 aa)
S1FA2DNA-binding protein S1FA2; DNA-binding protein that specifically recognizes a negative element (S1F) within the RPS1 promoter; Belongs to the S1FA transcription factor family. (76 aa)
OFP6Transcription repressor OFP6; Transcriptional repressor that regulates multiple aspects of plant growth and development through the regulation of BEL1-LIKE (BLH) and KNOX TALE (KNAT) homeodomain transcription factors. (159 aa)
OFP8Transcription repressor OFP8; Transcriptional repressor that regulates multiple aspects of plant growth and development through the regulation of BEL1-LIKE (BLH) and KNOX TALE (KNAT) homeodomain transcription factors. (221 aa)
AGO8Protein argonaute 8; Involved in RNA-mediated post-transcriptional gene silencing (PTGS). Main component of the RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC) that binds to a short guide RNA such as a microRNA (miRNA) or small interfering RNA (siRNA). RISC uses the mature miRNA or siRNA as a guide for slicer-directed cleavage of homologous mRNAs to repress gene expression (By similarity). (850 aa)
SUPTranscriptional regulator SUPERMAN; Probable transcriptional regulator considered as cadastral protein that acts indirectly to prevent the B class homeotic proteins APETALA3 and perhaps PISTILLATA from acting in the gynoecial whorl. Principal function is to balance cell proliferation in the third and fourth whorls of developing flowers thereby maintaining the boundary between stamens and carpels. May fulfill this role by repressing genes implicated in cell division. Plays equally a role in the determinacy of the floral meristem. Is also required for normal ovule development. (204 aa)
MYB6Transcription repressor MYB6. (236 aa)
MYB5Transcription repressor MYB5; Transcription activator, when associated with BHLH002/EGL3/MYC146, BHLH012/MYC1 or BHLH042/TT8. (249 aa)
AGL15Agamous-like MADS-box protein AGL15; Transcription factor involved in the negative regulation of flowering, probably through the photoperiodic pathway. Acts as both an activator and a repressor of transcription. Binds DNA in a sequence- specific manner in large CArG motif 5'-CC (A/T)8 GG-3'. Participates probably in the regulation of programs active during the early stages of embryo development. Prevents premature perianth senescence and abscission, fruits development and seed desiccation. Stimulates the expression of at least DTA4, LEC2, FUS3, ABI3, AT4G38680/CSP2 and GRP2B/CSP4. Can [...] (268 aa)
IAA14Auxin-responsive protein IAA14; Aux/IAA proteins are short-lived transcriptional factors that function as repressors of early auxin response genes at low auxin concentrations. Repression is thought to result from the interaction with auxin response factors (ARFs), proteins that bind to the auxin- responsive promoter element (AuxRE). Formation of heterodimers with ARF proteins may alter their ability to modulate early auxin response genes expression. (228 aa)
IAA13Auxin-responsive protein IAA13; Aux/IAA proteins are short-lived transcriptional factors that function as repressors of early auxin response genes at low auxin concentrations. Repression is thought to result from the interaction with auxin response factors (ARFs), proteins that bind to the auxin- responsive promoter element (AuxRE). Formation of heterodimers with ARF proteins may alter their ability to modulate early auxin response genes expression. (247 aa)
IAA12Auxin-responsive protein IAA12; Aux/IAA proteins are short-lived transcriptional factors that function as repressors of early auxin response genes at low auxin concentrations. Repression is thought to result from the interaction with auxin response factors (ARFs), proteins that bind to the auxin- responsive promoter element (AuxRE). Formation of heterodimers with ARF proteins may alter their ability to modulate early auxin response genes expression. (239 aa)
IAA11Auxin-responsive protein IAA11; Aux/IAA proteins are short-lived transcriptional factors that function as repressors of early auxin response genes at low auxin concentrations. Repression is thought to result from the interaction with auxin response factors (ARFs), proteins that bind to the auxin- responsive promoter element (AuxRE). Formation of heterodimers with ARF proteins may alter their ability to modulate early auxin response genes expression. (246 aa)
IAA10Auxin-responsive protein IAA10; Aux/IAA proteins are short-lived transcriptional factors that function as repressors of early auxin response genes at low auxin concentrations. Repression is thought to result from the interaction with auxin response factors (ARFs), proteins that bind to the auxin- responsive promoter element (AuxRE). Formation of heterodimers with ARF proteins may alter their ability to modulate early auxin response genes expression. (261 aa)
IAA9Auxin-responsive protein IAA9; Aux/IAA proteins are short-lived transcriptional factors that function as repressors of early auxin response genes at low auxin concentrations. Repression is thought to result from the interaction with auxin response factors (ARFs), proteins that bind to the auxin- responsive promoter element (AuxRE). Formation of heterodimers with ARF proteins may alter their ability to modulate early auxin response genes expression. (338 aa)
IAA8Auxin-responsive protein IAA8; Aux/IAA proteins are short-lived transcriptional factors that function as repressors of early auxin response genes at low auxin concentrations. Repression is thought to result from the interaction with auxin response factors (ARFs), proteins that bind to the auxin- responsive promoter element (AuxRE). Formation of heterodimers with ARF proteins may alter their ability to modulate early auxin response genes expression. (321 aa)
IAA7Auxin-responsive protein IAA7; Aux/IAA proteins are short-lived transcriptional factors that function as repressors of early auxin response genes at low auxin concentrations. Repression is thought to result from the interaction with auxin response factors (ARFs), proteins that bind to the auxin- responsive promoter element (AuxRE). Formation of heterodimers with ARF proteins may alter their ability to modulate early auxin response genes expression. (243 aa)
IAA6Auxin-responsive protein IAA6; Aux/IAA proteins are short-lived transcriptional factors that function as repressors of early auxin response genes at low auxin concentrations. Repression is thought to result from the interaction with auxin response factors (ARFs), proteins that bind to the auxin- responsive promoter element (AuxRE). Formation of heterodimers with ARF proteins may alter their ability to modulate early auxin response genes expression. (189 aa)
IAA3Auxin-responsive protein IAA3; Aux/IAA proteins are short-lived transcriptional factors that function as repressors of early auxin response genes at low auxin concentrations. Repression is thought to result from the interaction with auxin response factors (ARFs), proteins that bind to the auxin- responsive promoter element (AuxRE). Plays a central role in auxin regulation of root growth, in gravitropism, and in lateral root formation. Regulated by an auxin-induced protein turnover. Formation of heterodimers with ARF proteins may alter their ability to modulate early auxin response gene [...] (189 aa)
YY1Zinc finger transcription factor YY1; Dual-function transcription factor with both repression and activation activities. Binds to 5'-CCATATT-3' motif in target gene promoters (e.g. ABR1). Binds also to G-rich DNA motif 5'-GGGGGCAGTGG-3'. Regulates the expression of genes involved in diverse cellular pathways, including glucose metabolism, photosynthesis, phototropism and stress response (e.g. salt, drought and osmotic stress). Regulates plant immunity, especially during necrotrophic fungal infection (e.g. B.cinerea). Binds to ABR1 promoter and promotes its expression, thus negatively r [...] (387 aa)
TPR4Topless-related protein 4; Transcription corepressor of Zinc finger transcription factors GAF1/IDD2 and ENY/IDD1 in regulation of gibberellin homeostasis and signaling. (1135 aa)
RING1BPutative E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase RING1b; Putative E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that mediates monoubiquitination of 'Lys-119' of histone H2A (H2AK119ub), thereby playing a central role in histone code and gene regulation. (460 aa)
TPR1Topless-related protein 1; Transcriptional corepressor. Activates TIR-NB-LRR R protein- mediated immune responses through repression of negative regulators such as CNGC2/DND1. Negative regulator of jasmonate responses (By similarity). (1120 aa)
HAT4Homeobox-leucine zipper protein HAT4; Probable transcription factor involved in the negative regulation of cell elongation and specific cell proliferation processes such as lateral root formation and secondary growth of the vascular system. Acts as mediator of the red/far-red light effects on leaf cell expansion in the shading response. Binds to the DNA sequence 5'- CAAT[GC]ATTG-3'. Negatively regulates its own expression. Belongs to the HD-ZIP homeobox family. Class II subfamily. (284 aa)
CPL4RNA polymerase II C-terminal domain phosphatase-like 4; Processively dephosphorylates 'Ser-2' and/or 'Ser-5' of the heptad repeats YSPTSPS in the C-terminal domain of the largest RNA polymerase II subunit (RPB1). This promotes the activity of RNA polymerase II (By similarity). Required for normal plant growth. (440 aa)
CLFHistone-lysine N-methyltransferase CLF; Polycomb group (PcG) protein. Catalytic subunit of some PcG multiprotein complex, which methylates 'Lys-27' of histone H3, leading to transcriptional repression of the affected target genes. Required to regulate floral development by repressing the AGAMOUS homeotic gene in leaves, inflorescence stems and flowers. Together with ATX1, modulates AG nucleosome methylation statement. Regulates the antero-posterior organization of the endosperm, as well as the division and elongation rates of leaf cells. PcG proteins act by forming multiprotein complex [...] (902 aa)
IAA17Auxin-responsive protein IAA17; Aux/IAA proteins are short-lived transcriptional factors that function as repressors of early auxin response genes at low auxin concentrations. Repression is thought to result from the interaction with auxin response factors (ARFs), proteins that bind to the auxin- responsive promoter element (AuxRE). Formation of heterodimers with ARF proteins may alter their ability to modulate early auxin response genes expression. (229 aa)
IAA2Auxin-responsive protein IAA2; Aux/IAA proteins are short-lived transcriptional factors that function as repressors of early auxin response genes at low auxin concentrations. Repression is thought to result from the interaction with auxin response factors (ARFs), proteins that bind to the auxin- responsive promoter element (AuxRE). Formation of heterodimers with ARF proteins may alter their ability to modulate early auxin response genes expression. (174 aa)
IAA1Auxin-responsive protein IAA1; Aux/IAA proteins are short-lived transcriptional factors that function as repressors of early auxin response genes at low auxin concentrations. Repression is thought to result from the interaction with auxin response factors (ARFs), proteins that bind to the auxin- responsive promoter element (AuxRE). Formation of heterodimers with ARF proteins may alter their ability to modulate early auxin response genes expression. (168 aa)
S1FA1DNA-binding protein S1FA1; DNA-binding protein that specifically recognizes a negative element (S1F) within the RPS1 promoter. (76 aa)
IAA5Auxin-responsive protein IAA5; Aux/IAA proteins are short-lived transcriptional factors that function as repressors of early auxin response genes at low auxin concentrations. Repression is thought to result from the interaction with auxin response factors (ARFs), proteins that bind to the auxin- responsive promoter element (AuxRE). Formation of heterodimers with ARF proteins may alter their ability to modulate early auxin response genes expression. (163 aa)
IAA4Auxin-responsive protein IAA4; Aux/IAA proteins are short-lived transcriptional factors that function as repressors of early auxin response genes at low auxin concentrations. Repression is thought to result from the interaction with auxin response factors (ARFs), proteins that bind to the auxin- responsive promoter element (AuxRE). Formation of heterodimers with ARF proteins may alter their ability to modulate early auxin response genes expression. (186 aa)
ENO2Bifunctional enolase 2/transcriptional activator; Multifunctional enzyme that acts as an enolase involved in the metabolism and as a positive regulator of cold-responsive gene transcription. Binds to the cis-element the gene promoter of STZ/ZAT10, a zinc finger transcriptional repressor. (444 aa)
PHYBPhytochrome B; Regulatory photoreceptor which exists in two forms that are reversibly interconvertible by light: the Pr form that absorbs maximally in the red region of the spectrum and the Pfr form that absorbs maximally in the far-red region. Photoconversion of Pr to Pfr induces an array of morphogenetic responses, whereas reconversion of Pfr to Pr cancels the induction of those responses. Pfr controls the expression of a number of nuclear genes including those encoding the small subunit of ribulose-bisphosphate carboxylase, chlorophyll A/B binding protein, protochlorophyllide reduct [...] (1172 aa)
FIS2Polycomb group protein FERTILIZATION-INDEPENDENT SEED 2; Polycomb group (PcG) protein. PcG proteins act by forming multiprotein complexes, which are required to maintain the transcriptionally repressive state of homeotic genes throughout development. PcG proteins are not required to initiate repression, but to maintain it during later stages of development. They probably act via the methylation of histones, rendering chromatin heritably changed in its expressibility. Required to prevent the proliferation of the central cell by repressing unknown target genes before fertilization. Regul [...] (755 aa)
OFP9Probable transcription repressor OFP9; Probable transcriptional repressor that may regulate multiple aspects of plant growth and development. (415 aa)
SPLProtein SPOROCYTELESS; Transcriptional regulator of sporocyte development. Acts as an adapter-like transcriptional repressor recruiting TPL/TPR corepressors to inhibit TCP transcription factors. Required for nucellus and embryo sac development. Plays a central role in patterning both the proximal-distal and the adaxial-abaxial axes during ovule development. Involved in establishing the prospective chalaza of the ovule and in controlling the cell number and the length of the funiculus, and is required for the development of the integuments. Required, with BEL1, for cytokinin-induced PIN [...] (314 aa)
AS1Transcription factor AS1; Transcription factor required for normal cell differentiation. Positively regulates LATERAL ORGAN BOUNDARIES (LOB) within the shoot apex, and the class III HD-ZIP genes REV, PHB, and PHV. Interacts directly with ASYMMETRIC LEAVES 2 (LBD6/AS2) to repress the knox homeobox genes BP/KNAT1, KNAT2, and KNAT6 and the abaxial determinants ARF3/ETT, KAN2 and YAB5. May act in parallel with the RDR6-SGS3-AGO7 pathway, an endogenous RNA silencing pathway, to regulate the leaf morphogenesis. Binds directly to KNAT1, KNAT2, and KNATM chromatin, regulating leaf development. [...] (367 aa)
F13P17.5Putative transcription elongation factor SPT5 homolog 2; May regulate transcription elongation by RNA polymerase II. May enhance transcriptional pausing at sites proximal to the promoter, which may in turn facilitate the assembly of an elongation competent RNA polymerase II complex (By similarity); Belongs to the SPT5 family. (989 aa)
ERF4Ethylene-responsive transcription factor 4; Acts as a transcriptional repressor. Binds to the GCC-box pathogenesis-related promoter element. Involved in the regulation of gene expression by stress factors and by components of stress signal transduction pathways, and could also regulate other AtERFs. (222 aa)
ERF3Ethylene-responsive transcription factor 3; Acts as a transcriptional repressor. Binds to the GCC-box pathogenesis-related promoter element. Involved in the regulation of gene expression by stress factors and by components of stress signal transduction pathways and could also regulate other AtERFs. (225 aa)
MEAHistone-lysine N-methyltransferase MEDEA; Polycomb group (PcG) protein. Catalytic subunit of some PcG multiprotein complex, which methylates 'Lys-27' of histone H3, leading to transcriptional repression of the affected target genes. Required to prevent the proliferation of the central cell of the female gametophyte by repressing target genes before fertilization. After fertilization, it probably also regulates the embryo and endosperm proliferation and anteroposterior organization during seed development. PcG proteins act by forming multiprotein complexes, which are required to maintai [...] (689 aa)
SAP18Histone deacetylase complex subunit SAP18; Links the histone deacetylase complex to transcriptional repressors bound to chromatin. Involved in the tethering of the SIN3 complex to core histone proteins. (152 aa)
LUHTranscriptional corepressor LEUNIG_HOMOLOG; Transcription repressor subunit of the SEU-SLK1 and SEU-SLK2 transcriptional corepressor of abiotic stress (e.g. salt and osmotic stress) response genes, by means of an epigenetic process involving histone modification (e.g. H3K9 and H3K14 acetylation), probably by recruiting HDAC, to facilitate the condensation of chromatin thus preventing transcription at the target genes. Can also act as a transcription activator. Implicated in embryo and floral development. Involved in post- synthesis cell wall modifications necessary for mucilage extrusi [...] (787 aa)
AGO6Protein argonaute 6; Involved in transcriptional gene silencing (TGS). Component of the RISC complex that associate with the small interfering RNA (siRNA) pathway involved in direct cytosine methylation at endogenous DNA repeats. Required for the accumulation of specific siRNAs derived from transgene and heterochromatin-related endogenous loci. Involved in RNA-directed DNA methylation (RdDM) at specific endogenous loci. Probably not required for the accumulation of siRNAs derived from transgene inverted repeats that induce post-transcriptional gene silencing (PTGS). Associates mainly w [...] (878 aa)
SNL3Paired amphipathic helix protein Sin3-like 3; Acts as a transcriptional repressor. Interacts with ERF7 to repress genes in abscisic acid and drought stress responses. The heterodimer represses transcription by tethering SNL3 to DNA. (1330 aa)
IAA20Auxin-responsive protein IAA20; Aux/IAA proteins are short-lived transcriptional factors that function as repressors of early auxin response genes at low auxin concentrations. Repression is thought to result from the interaction with auxin response factors (ARFs), proteins that bind to the auxin- responsive promoter element (AuxRE). Formation of heterodimers with ARF proteins may alter their ability to modulate early auxin response genes expression. (175 aa)
IAA19Auxin-responsive protein IAA19; Aux/IAA proteins are short-lived transcriptional factors that function as repressors of early auxin response genes at low auxin concentrations. Repression is thought to result from the interaction with auxin response factors (ARFs), proteins that bind to the auxin- responsive promoter element (AuxRE). Formation of heterodimers with ARF proteins may alter their ability to modulate early auxin response genes expression. (197 aa)
IAA18Auxin-responsive protein IAA18; Aux/IAA proteins are short-lived transcriptional factors that function as repressors of early auxin response genes at low auxin concentrations. Repression is thought to result from the interaction with auxin response factors (ARFs), proteins that bind to the auxin- responsive promoter element (AuxRE). Formation of heterodimers with ARF proteins may alter their ability to modulate early auxin response genes expression. (267 aa)
IAA16Auxin-responsive protein IAA16; Aux/IAA proteins are short-lived transcriptional factors that function as repressors of early auxin response genes at low auxin concentrations. Repression is thought to result from the interaction with auxin response factors (ARFs), proteins that bind to the auxin- responsive promoter element (AuxRE). Formation of heterodimers with ARF proteins may alter their ability to modulate early auxin response genes expression. (236 aa)
OFP11Transcription repressor OFP11; Transcriptional repressor that may regulate multiple aspects of plant growth and development through the regulation of BEL1-LIKE (BLH) and KNOX TALE (KNAT) homeodomain transcription factors. (182 aa)
STKL2Transcription factor STKL2; Transcription repressor that binds DNA in a sequence-specific manner, 5'-GCCT-3', to regulate the expression of PGR. Acts as a modulatory component for the glucose-triggered developmental leaf growth process. (319 aa)
MSI4WD-40 repeat-containing protein MSI4; Core histone-binding subunit that may target chromatin assembly factors, chromatin remodeling factors and histone deacetylases to their histone substrates in a manner that is regulated by nucleosomal DNA. Component of the flowering autonomous pathway which positively regulates flowering by promoting transcriptional repression of the flowering repressor FLC. May promote histone deacetylation at the FLC locus leading to the formation of repressive chromatin structures. Also negatively regulates cold-responsive genes. (507 aa)
MSI3WD-40 repeat-containing protein MSI3; Core histone-binding subunit that may target chromatin assembly factors, chromatin remodeling factors and histone deacetylases to their histone substrates in a manner that is regulated by nucleosomal DNA; Belongs to the WD repeat RBAP46/RBAP48/MSI1 family. (424 aa)
MSI2WD-40 repeat-containing protein MSI2; Core histone-binding subunit that may target chromatin assembly factors, chromatin remodeling factors and histone deacetylases to their histone substrates in a manner that is regulated by nucleosomal DNA. (415 aa)
MSI1Histone-binding protein MSI1; Core histone-binding subunit that may target chromatin assembly factors, chromatin remodeling factors and histone deacetylases to their histone substrates in a manner that is regulated by nucleosomal DNA. Component of several complexes which regulate chromatin metabolism. These include the chromatin assembly factor 1 (CAF-1) complex, which is required for chromatin assembly following DNA replication and DNA repair, and the fertilization independent seed (FIS) complex, a polycomb group protein complex which is required to maintain the transcriptionally repr [...] (424 aa)
HDA19Histone deacetylase 19; Responsible for the deacetylation of lysine residues on the N-terminal part of the core histones (H2A, H2B, H3 and H4). Histone deacetylation gives a tag for epigenetic repression and plays an important role in transcriptional regulation, cell cycle progression and developmental events. Histone deacetylases act via the formation of large multiprotein complexes. HDA19 is involved in jasmonic acid and ethylene signaling of pathogen response. Part of a repressor complex including APETALA2 (AP2) and TOPLESS (TPL) that control the expression domains of numerous flora [...] (501 aa)
CPCTranscription factor CPC; Transcription factor. Determines the fate of epidermal cell differentiation. Represses trichome development by lateral inhibition. Together with GL3 or BHLH2, promotes the formation of hair developing cells (H position) in root epidermis, probably by inhibiting non-hair cell formation. Represses the expression of GL2 and WER in H cells. Positively regulates stomatal formation in the hypocotyl. (94 aa)
SNL4Paired amphipathic helix protein Sin3-like 4; Acts as a transcriptional repressor. Plays roles in regulating gene expression and genome stability (By similarity). (1326 aa)
AS2Protein ASYMMETRIC LEAVES 2; Negative regulator of cell proliferation in the adaxial side of leaves. Regulates the formation of a symmetric lamina and the establishment of venation. Positively regulates LATERAL ORGAN BOUNDARIES (LOB) within the shoot apex, and the class III HD-ZIP genes REV, PHB, and PHV. Interacts directly with ASYMMETRIC LEAVES 1 (AS1) to repress the knox homeobox genes KNAT1, KNAT2, and KNAT6 and the abaxial determinants ARF3, KAN2 and YAB5. May act in parallel with the RDR6- SGS3-AGO7 pathway, an endogenous RNA silencing pathway, to regulate the leaf morphogenesis. [...] (199 aa)
AGO1Protein argonaute 1; Involved in RNA-mediated post-transcriptional gene silencing (PTGS). Main component of the RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC) that binds to a short guide RNA such as microRNA (miRNA) or small interfering RNA (siRNA). RISC uses the mature miRNA or siRNA as a guide for slicer-directed cleavage of homologous mRNAs to repress gene expression. Requires DRB1 for directional loading of the small RNA duplex (guide stand and passenger strand) onto RISC for passenger strand degradation. Unlike animal RISC that associates in high molecular weight complex, Arabidopsis RISC i [...] (1048 aa)
OFP2Transcription repressor OFP2; Transcriptional repressor that regulates multiple aspects of plant growth and development through the regulation of BEL1-LIKE (BLH) and KNOX TALE (KNAT) homeodomain transcription factors. (320 aa)
DNMT2tRNA (cytosine(38)-C(5))-methyltransferase 2; Specifically methylates cytosine 38 in the anticodon loop of tRNA(Asp) (By similarity). Represses gene expression at transcription level, probably by regulating histone deacetylation and epigenetic regulatory network ; Belongs to the class I-like SAM-binding methyltransferase superfamily. C5-methyltransferase family. (383 aa)
MYB87Transcription factor MYB87; Transcription factor that functions as regulator of genes affecting cell wall organization and remodeling. Activates genes related to the primary cell wall and represses genes related to the secondary cell wall and expansins. Required for the regulation of longitudinal cell growth in stems, leaves, petioles, roots, flowers and siliques. (305 aa)
NTL9Protein NTM1-like 9; Transcriptional activator activated by proteolytic cleavage through regulated intramembrane proteolysis (RIP). Calmodulin-regulated transcriptional repressor. Binds several synthetic promoters with randomly selected binding sites. Functions synergistically with SNI1 as negative regulator of pathogen-induced PR1 expression and basal resistance to a virulent strain of P.syringae. Binds directly to the promoter of the PR1 gene. Acts as positive regulator of innate immunity. Involved in the effector-triggered immunity (ETI) induction of immunity-related gene expression [...] (512 aa)
LDL3Lysine-specific histone demethylase 1 homolog 3; Probable histone demethylase that reduces the levels of histone H3 'Lys-4' methylation in chromatin. (1628 aa)
MYB88Transcription factor MYB88; Transcription factor that binds to DNA in promoters cis- regulatory element 5'-GGCGCGC-3' of cell cycle genes, including cyclins, cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs), and components of the pre- replication complex. Binds to DNA in promoters cis-regulatory element 5'-AGCCG-3' of auxin regulated genes (e.g. PIN3 and PIN7). Together with FAMA and MYB124, ensures that stomata contain just two guard cells (GCs) by enforcing a single symmetric precursor cell division before stomatal maturity. Represses the expression of the mitosis-inducing factors CDKB1-1 and CDKA-1, [...] (484 aa)
MED33BMediator of RNA polymerase II transcription subunit 33B; Component of the Mediator complex, a coactivator involved in the regulated transcription of nearly all RNA polymerase II-dependent genes. Mediator functions as a bridge to convey information from gene- specific regulatory proteins to the basal RNA polymerase II transcription machinery. The Mediator complex, having a compact conformation in its free form, is recruited to promoters by direct interactions with regulatory proteins and serves for the assembly of a functional preinitiation complex with RNA polymerase II and the general [...] (1275 aa)
SPEAR2Protein SPEAR2; Adapter-like transcriptional repressor recruiting TPL/TPR corepressors to inhibit TCP transcription factors (By similarity). May be involved in leaf development. (300 aa)
OFP12Transcription repressor OFP12; Transcriptional repressor that regulates multiple aspects of plant growth and development through the regulation of BEL1-LIKE (BLH) and KNOX TALE (KNAT) homeodomain transcription factors. (226 aa)
BARD1BRCA1-associated RING domain protein 1; Binds specifically to H3K4me3 regions of target genes (e.g. WUS and WOX5) promoters to repress their transcription via chromatin remodeling. Required for the shoot apical meristem (SAM) organization and maintenance, by confining WUS expression to the organizing center, and for the quiescent center (QC) development in the root apical meristem (RAM), by repressing WOX5 expression in the root proximal meristem. Plays a role in DNA repair and in cell-cycle control. Required for the repair of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs), both natural and induced b [...] (714 aa)
MED13Mediator of RNA polymerase II transcription subunit 13; Component of the Mediator complex, a coactivator involved in the regulated transcription of nearly all RNA polymerase II-dependent genes. Mediator functions as a bridge to convey information from gene- specific regulatory proteins to the basal RNA polymerase II transcription machinery. The Mediator complex, having a compact conformation in its free form, is recruited to promoters by direct interactions with regulatory proteins and serves for the assembly of a functional preinitiation complex with RNA polymerase II and the general [...] (1921 aa)
OFP4Transcription repressor OFP4; Transcriptional repressor that regulates multiple aspects of plant growth and development through the regulation of BEL1-LIKE (BLH) and KNOX TALE (KNAT) homeodomain transcription factors. Forms a transcription repression complex with KNAT7 which regulates secondary cell wall formation. (315 aa)
TCL1MYB-like transcription factor TCL1; MYB-type transcription factor involved in trichome cell specification. Acts as a negative regulator of trichome patterning and formation by direct binding to the cis-acting regulatory elements of GL1, thus suppressing the expression of GL1. (84 aa)
BBX19B-box zinc finger protein 19; Acts as negative regulator of seedling photomorphogenesis. (183 aa)
TCL2MYB-like transcription factor TCL2; MYB-type transcription factor involved in trichome cell specification. Acts as a negative regulator of trichome patterning and formation. May function by suppressing the expression of GL3. (100 aa)
ABI4Ethylene-responsive transcription factor ABI4; Transcription regulator that probably binds to the GCC-box pathogenesis-related promoter element. Binds also to the S-box (5'- CACTTCCA-3') photosynthesis-associated nuclear genes-related (PhANGs- related) promoter element, and thus acts as a transcription inhibitor. Involved in the regulation of gene expression by stress factors and by components of stress signal transduction pathways. May have a function in the deetiolation process. Confers sensitivity to abscisic acid (ABA), and regulates the ABA signaling pathway during seed germinatio [...] (328 aa)
T31B5.60Repressor of RNA polymerase III transcription. (244 aa)
Your Current Organism:
Arabidopsis thaliana
NCBI taxonomy Id: 3702
Other names: A. thaliana, Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh., mouse-ear cress, thale cress, thale-cress
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