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| | MNB8_3 | Thylakoid lumenal 15.0 kDa protein 2, chloroplastic. (223 aa) |
| | THA8 | Protein THYLAKOID ASSEMBLY 8, chloroplastic; Essential protein required during embryogenesis. Mediates group II organellar RNA introns splicing (e.g. ycf3-2 and trnA). Binds weakly to specific RNA. Promotes the biogenesis of chloroplast thylakoid membranes. (222 aa) |
| | FTSZ2-2 | Cell division protein FtsZ homolog 2-2, chloroplastic; Exhibits GTPase activity (By similarity). Component of the plastid division machinery that forms a contractile ring at the division site. (473 aa) |
| | PPD6 | PsbP domain-containing protein 6, chloroplastic; May be involved in the redox regulation of photosystem II. (262 aa) |
| | FKBP19 | Peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase FKBP19, chloroplastic; PPIases accelerate the folding of proteins. It catalyzes the cis-trans isomerization of proline imidic peptide bonds in oligopeptides (By similarity). (256 aa) |
| | STN8 | Serine/threonine-protein kinase STN8, chloroplastic; Light-dependent serine/threonine protein kinase that specifically phosphorylates N-terminal threonine residues in psbA/D1, psbD/D2, psbC/CP43 and psbH, which are components of the core antenna complex of photosystem II. Phosphorylation of PSII core components facilitates the exchange of chlorophyll proteins between the grana and the stroma lamellae. Also involved in the phosphorylation of the calcium-sensing receptor (CaS). (495 aa) |
| | TAAC | Thylakoid ADP,ATP carrier protein, chloroplastic; Specifically transports adenine nucleotides. Involved in the uptake of ATP into thylakoids in exchange for lumenal ADP. (415 aa) |
| | KEA3 | K(+) efflux antiporter 3, chloroplastic; Electroneutral K(+)/H(+) antiporter. Accelerates photosynthetic acclimation in fluctuating light environments. Belongs to the monovalent cation:proton antiporter 2 (CPA2) transporter (TC 2.A.37) family. KEA (TC 2.A.37.1) subfamily. (776 aa) |
| | STR4 | Rhodanese-like domain-containing protein 4, chloroplastic; Rhodanese domain-containing protein required for anchoring ferredoxin--NADP reductase to the thylakoid membranes and sustaining efficient linear electron flow (LEF). (466 aa) |
| | PSA3 | Photosystem I assembly factor PSA3, chloroplastic; Nuclear genome-encoded factor required for the accumulation of photosystem I (PSI). Functions as PSI biogenesis factor. Cooperates with PYG7 to promote the stable assembly of PSI in the thylakoid membrane. May target primarily the PsaC subunit. Does not seem to be required for the expression of chloroplast genes encoding PSI subunits. (277 aa) |
| | CRD1 | Magnesium-protoporphyrin IX monomethyl ester [oxidative] cyclase, chloroplastic; Catalyzes the formation of the isocyclic ring in chlorophyll biosynthesis. Mediates the cyclase reaction, which results in the formation of divinylprotochlorophyllide (Pchlide) characteristic of all chlorophylls from magnesium-protoporphyrin IX 13-monomethyl ester (MgPMME). (409 aa) |
| | CCDA | Cytochrome c-type biogenesis ccda-like chloroplastic protein; Required for the transfer of reducing equivalents from stroma to thylakoid lumen. Involved in the biogenesis of the plastid cytochrome b6f complex by probably transferring reducing equivalents from stromal m-type thioredoxin (Trx-m) to the lumenal thioredoxin HCF164; Belongs to the DsbD family. (354 aa) |
| | SEP1-2 | Stress enhanced protein 1, chloroplastic; May be involved in non-photochemical quenching, a process that maintains the balance between dissipation and utilization of light energy to minimize generation of oxidizing molecules, thereby protecting the plant against photo-oxidative damage (By similarity). May play a photoprotective role in the thylakoid membrane in response to light stress (Probable). (146 aa) |
| | CURT1C | Protein CURVATURE THYLAKOID 1C, chloroplastic; Determines thylakoid architecture by inducing membrane curvature. (156 aa) |
| | LON4 | Lon protease homolog 4, chloroplastic/mitochondrial; ATP-dependent serine protease that mediates the selective degradation of misfolded, unassembled or oxidatively damaged polypeptides as well as certain short-lived regulatory proteins in the mitochondrial matrix. May also have a chaperone function in the assembly of inner membrane protein complexes. Participates in the regulation of mitochondrial gene expression and in the maintenance of the integrity of the mitochondrial genome. Binds to mitochondrial DNA in a site-specific manner. (942 aa) |
| | TPP2-2 | Probable thylakoidal processing peptidase 2, chloroplastic; Cleaves the thylakoid-transfer domain from a chloroplast protein. (367 aa) |
| | CAO-2 | Chlorophyllide a oxygenase, chloroplastic; Catalyzes a two-step oxygenase reaction involved in the synthesis of chlorophyll b. Acts specifically on the non-esterified chlorophyllide a and not on chlorophyll a. (536 aa) |
| | STN7 | Serine/threonine-protein kinase STN7, chloroplastic; Serine/threonine protein kinase required for state transition by phosphorylating light-harvesting complex II outer antennae (LCHII). State transition plays a central role in response to environmental changes and allows to adjust to changing light conditions via the redistribution of light excitation energy between photosystem II (PSII) and photosystem I (PSI). Phosphorylates the minor light harvesting protein LHCB4.2/CP29 and is involved in the light-dependent phosphorylation of TSP9. Acts as a key component of the long-term response [...] (562 aa) |
| | PSAE2 | Photosystem I reaction center subunit IV B, chloroplastic; Stabilizes the interaction between PsaC and the PSI core, assists the docking of the ferredoxin to PSI and interacts with ferredoxin-NADP oxidoreductase. (145 aa) |
| | PPD3 | PsbP domain-containing protein 3, chloroplastic; Belongs to the psbP family. (247 aa) |
| | psaD1 | Photosystem I reaction center subunit II-1, chloroplastic; PsaD can form complexes with ferredoxin and ferredoxin- oxidoreductase in photosystem I (PS I) reaction center. PSAD may encode the ferredoxin-docking protein. (208 aa) |
| | LHCB2.2 | Chlorophyll a-b binding protein 2.2, chloroplastic; The light-harvesting complex (LHC) functions as a light receptor, it captures and delivers excitation energy to photosystems with which it is closely associated (By similarity). Mediates rapid phosphorylation and migration of LHCII-PSII to photosystem I (PSI) after transition to state 2 (red) light conditions, thus leading to the formation of PSI-PSII-LHCII and PSI-LHCII supercomplex to balance the relative excitation of PSI and PSII. Involved in the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and stomatal closure upon abscisic acid ( [...] (265 aa) |
| | LHCB3 | Chlorophyll a-b binding protein 3, chloroplastic; The light-harvesting complex (LHC) functions as a light receptor, it captures and delivers excitation energy to photosystems with which it is closely associated. Modulates the rate of photosystem II (PSII) state transitions and influences PSII macrostructure. Involved in PSII excitation energy transfer and charge separation during photosynthesis in thylakoids. (265 aa) |
| | LHCB4.3 | Chlorophyll a-b binding protein CP29.3, chloroplastic; The light-harvesting complex (LHC) functions as a light receptor, it captures and delivers excitation energy to photosystems with which it is closely associated. (276 aa) |
| | ndhO | NAD(P)H-quinone oxidoreductase subunit O, chloroplastic; NDH shuttles electrons from NAD(P)H:plastoquinone, via FMN and iron-sulfur (Fe-S) centers, to quinones in the photosynthetic chain and possibly in a chloroplast respiratory chain. The immediate electron acceptor for the enzyme in this species is believed to be plastoquinone. Couples the redox reaction to proton translocation, and thus conserves the redox energy in a proton gradient. (158 aa) |
| | PSAE1 | Photosystem I reaction center subunit IV A, chloroplastic; Stabilizes the interaction between PsaC and the PSI core, assists the docking of the ferredoxin to PSI and interacts with ferredoxin-NADP oxidoreductase. (143 aa) |
| | PSBO2 | Oxygen-evolving enhancer protein 1-2, chloroplastic; Stabilizes the manganese cluster which is the primary site of water splitting. Regulates dephosphorylation and turnover of the PSII reaction center D1 protein. (331 aa) |
| | PNSB1 | Photosynthetic NDH subunit of subcomplex B 1, chloroplastic; NDH shuttles electrons from NAD(P)H:plastoquinone, via FMN and iron-sulfur (Fe-S) centers, to quinones in the photosynthetic chain and possibly in a chloroplast respiratory chain. The immediate electron acceptor for the enzyme in this species is believed to be plastoquinone. Couples the redox reaction to proton translocation, and thus conserves the redox energy in a proton gradient. (461 aa) |
| | PSAD2 | Photosystem I reaction center subunit II-2, chloroplastic; PSAD can form complexes with ferredoxin and ferredoxin- oxidoreductase in photosystem I (PS I) reaction center. PSAD may encode the ferredoxin-docking protein (By similarity). (204 aa) |
| | FTSH12 | ATP-dependent zinc metalloprotease FTSH 12, chloroplastic; Probable ATP-dependent zinc metallopeptidase; In the N-terminal section; belongs to the AAA ATPase family. (1008 aa) |
| | RPE | Ribulose-5-phosphate-3-epimerase, chloroplastic; Essential protein required during embryogenesis. Catalyzes the reversible epimerization of D-ribulose 5-phosphate to D-xylulose 5-phosphate (By similarity). Essential for the early steps of nematode feeding sites (NFS, multinucleated root cells) formation induced by the root-knot nematodes Heterodera schachtii, Meloidogyne incognita, M.javanica and M.hapla ; Belongs to the ribulose-phosphate 3-epimerase family. (281 aa) |
| | FKBP13 | Peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase FKBP13, chloroplastic; PPIases accelerate the folding of proteins. It catalyzes the cis-trans isomerization of proline imidic peptide bonds in oligopeptides. Responsive of the major PPIase activity in the chloroplast thylakoid lumen. Regulates the accumulation of Rieske protein, an essential component of the photosynthetic electron transport chain. (208 aa) |
| | PNSL4 | Photosynthetic NDH subunit of lumenal location 4, chloroplastic; NDH shuttles electrons from NAD(P)H:plastoquinone, via FMN and iron-sulfur (Fe-S) centers, to quinones in the photosynthetic chain and possibly in a chloroplast respiratory chain. The immediate electron acceptor for the enzyme in this species is believed to be plastoquinone. Couples the redox reaction to proton translocation, and thus conserves the redox energy in a proton gradient (Probable). PPIases accelerate the folding of proteins. It catalyzes the cis-trans isomerization of proline imidic peptide bonds in oligopepti [...] (217 aa) |
| | FTSH7 | ATP-dependent zinc metalloprotease FTSH 7, chloroplastic; Probable ATP-dependent zinc metallopeptidase; In the C-terminal section; belongs to the peptidase M41 family. (802 aa) |
| | DEGP5 | Protease Do-like 5, chloroplastic; Probable serine protease. (323 aa) |
| | PNSL3 | Photosynthetic NDH subunit of lumenal location 3, chloroplastic; NDH shuttles electrons from NAD(P)H:plastoquinone, via FMN and iron-sulfur (Fe-S) centers, to quinones in the photosynthetic chain and possibly in a chloroplast respiratory chain. The immediate electron acceptor for the enzyme in this species is believed to be plastoquinone. Couples the redox reaction to proton translocation, and thus conserves the redox energy in a proton gradient (Probable). Required for both formation and activity of the chloroplast NAD(P)H dehydrogenase (NDH) complex. Belongs to the psbQ family. (220 aa) |
| | PSAF | Photosystem I reaction center subunit III, chloroplastic; Participates in efficiency of electron transfer from plastocyanin to P700 (or cytochrome c553 in algae and cyanobacteria). This plastocyanin-docking protein contributes to the specific association of plastocyanin to PSI. (221 aa) |
| | LHCB2.1 | Chlorophyll a-b binding protein 2.1, chloroplastic; The light-harvesting complex (LHC) functions as a light receptor, it captures and delivers excitation energy to photosystems with which it is closely associated (By similarity). Mediates rapid phosphorylation and migration of LHCII-PSII to photosystem I (PSI) after transition to state 2 (red) light conditions, thus leading to the formation of PSI-PSII-LHCII and PSI-LHCII supercomplex to balance the relative excitation of PSI and PSII. Involved in the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and stomatal closure upon abscisic acid ( [...] (265 aa) |
| | SEP2-2 | Stress enhanced protein 2, chloroplastic; May be involved in non-photochemical quenching, a process that maintains the balance between dissipation and utilization of light energy to minimize generation of oxidizing molecules, thereby protecting the plant against photo-oxidative damage (By similarity). May play a photoprotective role in the thylakoid membrane in response to light stress (Probable); Belongs to the ELIP/psbS family. (202 aa) |
| | TATC | Sec-independent protein translocase protein TATC, chloroplastic; Part of the twin-arginine translocation (Tat) system that transports large folded proteins containing a characteristic twin- arginine motif in their signal peptide across the thylakoid membrane. Involved in delta pH-dependent protein transport required for chloroplast development, especially thylakoid membrane formation. TATC and TATB mediate precursor recognition, whereas TATA facilitates translocation. (340 aa) |
| | PGR5 | Protein PROTON GRADIENT REGULATION 5, chloroplastic; Involved in the regulation of the cyclic electron flow (CEF) around Photosystem I. Essential for the reduction of PGRL1A by ferredoxin and for photoprotection. (133 aa) |
| | ndhT | NAD(P)H-quinone oxidoreductase subunit T, chloroplastic; NDH shuttles electrons from NAD(P)H:plastoquinone, via FMN and iron-sulfur (Fe-S) centers, to quinones in the photosynthetic chain and possibly in a chloroplast respiratory chain. The immediate electron acceptor for the enzyme in this species is believed to be plastoquinone. Couples the redox reaction to proton translocation, and thus conserves the redox energy in a proton gradient (Probable). Required for the accumulation of both the NDH subcomplex A and NDHS. (249 aa) |
| | LPE1 | Protein LOW PHOTOSYNTHETIC EFFICIENCY 1, chloroplastic; Required for light-regulated photosystem II (PSII) biogenesis and grana thylakoids formation by binding to the 5' UTR of PSII subunit mRNAs (e.g. psbJ, psbN and psbA) in a light-dependent manner through a redox-based mechanism, and facilitating the association of HCF173 with target mRNAs, which encodes PSII reaction center proteins (e.g. J, N and D1), thus regulating its expression by modulating ribosome loading. Belongs to the PPR family. P subfamily. (665 aa) |
| | FKBP16-4 | Peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase FKBP16-4, chloroplastic; PPIases accelerate the folding of proteins. It catalyzes the cis-trans isomerization of proline imidic peptide bonds in oligopeptides (By similarity). (230 aa) |
| | YLMG1-1 | YlmG homolog protein 1-1, chloroplastic; Required for the proper distribution of nucleoids in chloroplasts. The nucleoid partitioning by YLMG1-1 may be related to chloroplast division processes. (232 aa) |
| | LPA1 | Protein LOW PSII ACCUMULATION 1, chloroplastic; Chaperone required for efficient photosystem II (PSII) assembly. Binds to psbA during de novo biogenesis of PSII. (453 aa) |
| | CYP38 | Peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase CYP38, chloroplastic; Required for the assembly and stabilization of PSII, but has no PPIases activity. (437 aa) |
| | ATPD | ATP synthase subunit delta, chloroplastic; F(1)F(0) ATP synthase produces ATP from ADP in the presence of a proton or sodium gradient. F-type ATPases consist of two structural domains, F(1) containing the extramembraneous catalytic core and F(0) containing the membrane proton channel, linked together by a central stalk and a peripheral stalk. During catalysis, ATP synthesis in the catalytic domain of F(1) is coupled via a rotary mechanism of the central stalk subunits to proton translocation (Potential). Essential for photosynthesis, probably by facilitating electron transport in both [...] (234 aa) |
| | PTAC16 | Protein PLASTID TRANSCRIPTIONALLY ACTIVE 16, chloroplastic; Probably involved in the regulation of plastid gene expression; Belongs to the NAD(P)-dependent epimerase/dehydratase family. (510 aa) |
| | CHL | Chloroplastic lipocalin; Lipocalin that prevents thylakoidal membrane lipids peroxidation and confers protection against oxidative stress, especially mediated by singlet oxygen in response to high light and other stress (e.g. heat shocks). Required for seed longevity by insuring polyunsaturated lipids integrity. (353 aa) |
| | YLMG1-2 | YlmG homolog protein 1-2, chloroplastic; Not required for the biogenesis and accumulation of native cytochrome b6 in the thylakoid membrane. Not functionally involved in the pathway for covalent binding of the c-type heme to cytochrome b6. (218 aa) |
| | PSAK | Photosystem I reaction center subunit psaK, chloroplastic. (130 aa) |
| | PSAH2 | Photosystem I reaction center subunit VI-2, chloroplastic; Possible role could be the docking of the LHC I antenna complex to the core complex; Belongs to the psaH family. (145 aa) |
| | PSAH1 | Photosystem I reaction center subunit VI-1, chloroplastic; Possible role could be the docking of the LHC I antenna complex to the core complex; Belongs to the psaH family. (145 aa) |
| | TPK3 | Two-pore potassium channel 3; Two-pore potassium channel modulating the proton motive force (pmf) necessary to convert photochemical energy into physiological functions. Mediates the potassium efflux from the thylakoid lumen required for the regulation of the transmembrane electrical potential, the enhancement of the pH gradient for ATP synthesis, the regulation of electron flow, and pH-mediated photoprotective responses. Requires calcium for channel activity. (436 aa) |
| | CHLM | Magnesium protoporphyrin IX methyltransferase, chloroplastic; Converts Mg-protoporphyrin IX to Mg-protoporphyrin IX methylester using S-adenosyl-L-methionine as a cofactor. Involved in chloroplast-to-nucleus signaling by acting as a negative effector of nuclear photosynthetic gene expression; Belongs to the class I-like SAM-binding methyltransferase superfamily. Magnesium protoporphyrin O-methyltransferase family. (312 aa) |
| | F13M23.70 | Thylakoid lumenal 17.9 kDa protein, chloroplastic. (225 aa) |
| | LHCA3 | Photosystem I chlorophyll a/b-binding protein 3-1, chloroplastic; The light-harvesting complex (LHC) functions as a light receptor, it captures and delivers excitation energy to photosystems with which it is closely associated, here photosystem I. (273 aa) |
| | SECA1 | Protein translocase subunit SECA1, chloroplastic; Has a central role in coupling the hydrolysis of ATP to the transfer of proteins across the thylakoid membrane. Involved in photosynthetic acclimation and required for chloroplast biogenesis. Belongs to the SecA family. (1022 aa) |
| | LHCA2 | Photosystem I chlorophyll a/b-binding protein 2, chloroplastic; The light-harvesting complex (LHC) functions as a light receptor, it captures and delivers excitation energy to photosystems with which it is closely associated, here photosystem I. (257 aa) |
| | LIL3.1 | Light-harvesting complex-like protein 3 isotype 1, chloroplastic; Light-harvesting-like protein required for biosynthesis of phytylated chlorophylls and alpha-tocopherol in green seedlings. Functions by anchoring geranylgeranyl reductase (GGR) in the thylakoid membrane, leading to the stabilization of GGR activity. Binds chlrophyll a in the thylakoid membrane (By similarity). Plays a role in the regulation of chlorophyll biosynthesis under light stress and under standard growth conditions. (262 aa) |
| | ndhS | NAD(P)H-quinone oxidoreductase subunit S, chloroplastic; NDH shuttles electrons from NAD(P)H:plastoquinone, via FMN and iron-sulfur (Fe-S) centers, to quinones in the photosynthetic chain and possibly in a chloroplast respiratory chain. The immediate electron acceptor for the enzyme in this species is believed to be plastoquinone. Couples the redox reaction to proton translocation, and thus conserves the redox energy in a proton gradient (Probable). Required for the efficient operation of ferredoxin-dependent plastoquinone reduction. Forms the electron donor-binding subcomplex in assoc [...] (250 aa) |
| | LHCB2.4 | Chlorophyll a-b binding protein 2.4, chloroplastic; The light-harvesting complex (LHC) functions as a light receptor, it captures and delivers excitation energy to photosystems with which it is closely associated (By similarity). Mediates rapid phosphorylation and migration of LHCII-PSII to photosystem I (PSI) after transition to state 2 (red) light conditions, thus leading to the formation of PSI-PSII-LHCII and PSI-LHCII supercomplex to balance the relative excitation of PSI and PSII. Involved in the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and stomatal closure upon abscisic acid ( [...] (266 aa) |
| | LHCB4.2 | Chlorophyll a-b binding protein CP29.2, chloroplastic; The light-harvesting complex (LHC) functions as a light receptor, it captures and delivers excitation energy to photosystems with which it is closely associated. (287 aa) |
| | LHCB5 | Chlorophyll a-b binding protein CP26, chloroplastic; The light-harvesting complex (LHC) functions as a light receptor, it captures and delivers excitation energy to photosystems with which it is closely associated; Belongs to the light-harvesting chlorophyll a/b-binding (LHC) protein family. (280 aa) |
| | PSBS | Photosystem II 22 kDa protein, chloroplastic; Plays an important role in non-photochemical quenching, a process maintains the balance between dissipation and utilization of light energy to minimize generation of oxidizing molecules, thereby protecting the plant against photo-oxidative damage. Is not necessary for efficient light harvesting and photosynthesis. Belongs to the ELIP/psbS family. (265 aa) |
| | PSBQ1 | Oxygen-evolving enhancer protein 3-1, chloroplastic; Required for photosystem II assembly/stability and photoautotrophic growth under low light conditions. (224 aa) |
| | TATB | Sec-independent protein translocase protein TATB, chloroplastic; Part of the twin-arginine translocation (Tat) system that transports large folded proteins containing a characteristic twin- arginine motif in their signal peptide across the thylakoid membrane. Involved in delta pH-dependent protein transport required for chloroplast development, especially thylakoid membrane formation. TATC and TATB mediate precursor recognition, whereas TATA facilitates translocation (By similarity). (260 aa) |
| | PNSL2 | Photosynthetic NDH subunit of lumenal location 2, chloroplastic; NDH shuttles electrons from NAD(P)H:plastoquinone, via FMN and iron-sulfur (Fe-S) centers, to quinones in the photosynthetic chain and possibly in a chloroplast respiratory chain. The immediate electron acceptor for the enzyme in this species is believed to be plastoquinone. Couples the redox reaction to proton translocation, and thus conserves the redox energy in a proton gradient (Probable). Required for both formation and activity of the chloroplast NAD(P)H dehydrogenase (NDH) complex. (190 aa) |
| | CCS1 | Cytochrome c biogenesis protein CCS1, chloroplastic; Required during biogenesis of c-type cytochromes (cytochrome c6 and cytochrome f) at the step of heme attachment. (547 aa) |
| | petC | Cytochrome b6-f complex iron-sulfur subunit, chloroplastic; Essential protein for photoautotrophism. Confers resistance to photo-oxidative damages by contributing to the thermal dissipation of light energy and to lumenal acidification (increase of pH gradient). Component of the cytochrome b6-f complex, which mediates electron transfer between photosystem II (PSII) and photosystem I (PSI), cyclic electron flow around PSI, and state transitions (By similarity). Belongs to the Rieske iron-sulfur protein family. (229 aa) |
| | CRR3 | Probable NAD(P)H dehydrogenase subunit CRR3, chloroplastic; Probable subunit of the chloroplast NAD(P)H dehydrogenase (NDH) complex of the photosynthetic electron transport chain. Required for both formation and activity of NDH. May function in assembly or stabilization of the NDH complex. (174 aa) |
| | TLP18.3 | UPF0603 protein At1g54780, chloroplastic. (285 aa) |
| | PSB27-2 | Photosystem II D1 precursor processing protein PSB27-H2, chloroplastic; Required, but not essential, for D1 (psbA) precursor processing and thus correct photosystem II assembly (PSII). Belongs to the Psb27 family. (199 aa) |
| | CURT1B | Protein CURVATURE THYLAKOID 1B, chloroplastic; Determines thylakoid architecture by inducing membrane curvature. (174 aa) |
| | PAA2 | Copper-transporting ATPase PAA2, chloroplastic; Mediates copper transfer across the chloroplast thylakoid membrane. Required for copper delivery into the thylakoids lumen, which is essential for the function of copper proteins. Belongs to the cation transport ATPase (P-type) (TC 3.A.3) family. Type IB subfamily. (883 aa) |
| | ABC1K7 | Protein ACTIVITY OF BC1 COMPLEX KINASE 7, chloroplastic; Involved in resistance to oxidative stress. Influences responses to reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Regulates plastoglobules formation in thylakoids. Together with OSA1, regulates iron distribution within the chloroplast and mediates the oxidative stress response. Together with ABC1K8, influences chloroplast lipid synthesis/accumulation and modulates chloroplast membrane composition in response to stress. (695 aa) |
| | PYG7 | Tetratricopeptide repeat domain-containing protein PYG7, chloroplastic; Nuclear genome-encoded factor required for the accumulation of photosystem I (PSI). Functions as PSI biogenesis factor. Cooperates with PSA3 to promote the stable assembly of PSI in the thylakoid membrane. May target primarily the PsaC subunit. (301 aa) |
| | CYP26-2 | Peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase CYP26-2, chloroplastic; PPIases accelerate the folding of proteins. It catalyzes the cis-trans isomerization of proline imidic peptide bonds in oligopeptides (By similarity). (317 aa) |
| | SCY2 | Preprotein translocase subunit SCY2, chloroplastic; Involved in protein export. Probably interacts with other proteins to allow the postimport or conservative sorting pathway for inner membrane proteins in plastids. Central subunit of the protein translocation channel SecYE. Consists of two halves formed by TMs 1-5 and 6-10. These two domains form a lateral gate at the front which open onto the bilayer between TMs 2 and 7, and are clamped together by SecE at the back. The channel is closed by both a pore ring composed of hydrophobic SecY resides and a short helix (helix 2A) on the extr [...] (575 aa) |
| | TKL-2 | Transketolase-2, chloroplastic; Catalyzes the reversible transfer of a two-carbon ketol group from fructose-6-phosphate or sedoheptulose-7-phosphate to glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate to yield xylulose-5-phosphate and erythrose- 4-phosphate or ribose-5-phosphate, respectively (By similarity). Could act as a stress sensor involved in adaptation process; Belongs to the transketolase family. (741 aa) |
| | CTPA3 | Carboxyl-terminal-processing peptidase 3, chloroplastic; Protease involved in the C-terminal processing of the chloroplastic D1 protein of photosystem II. This proteolytic processing is necessary to allow the light-driven assembly of the tetranuclear manganese cluster, which is responsible for photosynthetic water oxidation. (519 aa) |
| | TERC | Thylakoid membrane protein TERC, chloroplastic; Integral thylakoid membrane protein that plays a crucial role in thylakoid membrane biogenesis and thylakoid formation in early chloroplast development. Is essential for de novo synthesis of photosystem II (PSII) core proteins and required for efficient insertion of thylakoid membrane proteins, presumably via interaction with ALB3. May assist synthesis of thylakoid membrane proteins at the membrane insertion step. (384 aa) |
| | F21B23.110 | Chlorophyll a-b binding protein, chloroplastic; The light-harvesting complex (LHC) functions as a light receptor, it captures and delivers excitation energy to photosystems with which it is closely associated; Belongs to the light-harvesting chlorophyll a/b-binding (LHC) protein family. (173 aa) |
| | LPA2 | Protein LOW PSII ACCUMULATION 2, chloroplastic; Involved in assisting chlorophyll a binding protein psbC assembly within photosystem II (PSII). Works cooperatively with LPA3. (185 aa) |
| | FTSHI4 | Probable inactive ATP-dependent zinc metalloprotease FTSHI 4, chloroplastic; Functions in chloroplast biogenesis and chloroplast division. Required for plastid development during embryogenesis. Might be involved in chaperone functions or play a structural role in the thylakoid FtsH complex. (855 aa) |
| | CTPA1 | Carboxyl-terminal-processing peptidase 1, chloroplastic; Protease involved in the C-terminal processing of the chloroplastic D1 protein of photosystem II. This proteolytic processing is necessary to allow the light-driven assembly of the tetranuclear manganese cluster, which is responsible for photosynthetic water oxidation; Belongs to the peptidase S41A family. (489 aa) |
| | ZIP4-2 | Zinc transporter 4, chloroplastic; May play a role in the transport of zinc in the plastids. Could also transport copper ions. (374 aa) |
| | TPP1 | Thylakoidal processing peptidase 1, chloroplastic; Cleaves the thylakoid-transfer domain from a chloroplast protein. (340 aa) |
| | CURT1A | Protein CURVATURE THYLAKOID 1A, chloroplastic; Determines thylakoid architecture by inducing membrane curvature. (164 aa) |
| | FC2 | Ferrochelatase-2, chloroplastic; Catalyzes the last step of heme biosynthesis by inserting ferrous iron into protoporphyrin IX to produce protoheme. Produces heme for photosynthetic cytochromes, and for proteins involved in abiotic and biotic stress responses. May play a role in the quality control of individual chloroplasts during photo-oxidative stress through regulation of heme biosynthesis. Belongs to the ferrochelatase family. (512 aa) |
| | T13E15.7 | Thylakoid lumenal 15 kDa protein 1, chloroplastic. (224 aa) |
| | DEGP1 | Protease Do-like 1, chloroplastic; Serine protease that is required at high temperature. May be involved in the degradation of damaged proteins. In vivo, can degrade beta-casein; Belongs to the peptidase S1C family. (439 aa) |
| | CS26 | S-sulfo-L-cysteine synthase (O-acetyl-L-serine-dependent), chloroplastic; S-sulfocysteine synthase that plays an important role in chloroplast function and is essential for light-dependent redox regulation and photosynthetic performance within the chloroplast. Probably unable to interact with SAT and to form the decameric Cys synthase complex (CSC) required for O-acetylserine (thiol)-lyase (OAS-TL) enzymatic activity. Lacks OAS-TL activity. (404 aa) |
| | T10P11.17 | Thylakoid lumenal 16.5 kDa protein, chloroplastic. (216 aa) |
| | FKBP16-3 | Peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase FKBP16-3, chloroplastic; PPIases accelerate the folding of proteins. It catalyzes the cis-trans isomerization of proline imidic peptide bonds in oligopeptides (By similarity). (223 aa) |
| | HCF164 | Thioredoxin-like protein HCF164, chloroplastic; Thiol-disulfide oxidoreductase that participates in various redox reactions in the chloroplast. Mediates the reduction of PSI-N in the thylakoid lumen. May interact and probably reduce other target proteins of the thylakoid membrane, such as FTSH2, FTSH8, LHCB5, atpA, atpB, atpE, petA and petC. Involved in the biogenesis of the plastid cytochrome b6f complex. Reducing equivalents are provided by stromal M- type thioredoxins and probably transduced through the thylakoid membrane by CCDA. Possesses low insulin disulfide bonds reducing activity. (261 aa) |
| | SECE1 | Preprotein translocase subunit SECE1; Involved in the import/insertion pathway in the thylakoids. The signal recognition particle is not involved in the insertion of SECE1 in the thylakoid membrane. (177 aa) |
| | PPD1 | PsbP domain-containing protein 1, chloroplastic; Photosystem I assembly factor that assists the proper folding and integration of PsaB and PsaA into the thylakoid membrane. Belongs to the psbP family. (287 aa) |
| | CTPA2 | Carboxyl-terminal-processing peptidase 2, chloroplastic; Protease involved in the C-terminal processing of the chloroplastic D1 protein of photosystem II. This proteolytic processing is necessary to allow the light-driven assembly of the tetranuclear manganese cluster, which is responsible for photosynthetic water oxidation; Belongs to the peptidase S41A family. (515 aa) |
| | NDPK3 | Nucleoside diphosphate kinase III, chloroplastic/mitochondrial; Major role in the synthesis of nucleoside triphosphates other than ATP. The ATP gamma phosphate is transferred to the NDP beta phosphate via a ping-pong mechanism, using a phosphorylated active-site intermediate. Shows the highest specificity towards GDP (By similarity); Belongs to the NDK family. (238 aa) |
| | PPD4 | PsbP domain-containing protein 4, chloroplastic. (260 aa) |
| | PSBY | Photosystem II core complex proteins psbY, chloroplastic; PSBY-1 and -2 are manganese-binding polypeptides with L- arginine metabolizing enzyme activity. They are a component of the core of photosystem II. (189 aa) |
| | PAM68 | Protein PAM68, chloroplastic; Involved in early steps in photosystem II (PSII) biogenesis and in maturation and stability of newly synthesized psbA protein. (214 aa) |
| | ZIP6 | Zinc transporter 6, chloroplastic; May play a role in the transport of zinc in the plastids. Belongs to the ZIP transporter (TC 2.A.5) family. (341 aa) |
| | PSA2 | Protein PHOTOSYSTEM I ASSEMBLY 2, chloroplastic; Involved in female gametophyte development. Required for embryo sac development. Nuclear genome-encoded factor required for the accumulation of photosystem I (PSI) during plant development. Required for light acclimation and chloroplast development. Belongs to the DnaJ family. (186 aa) |
| | HCF244 | Protein HIGH CHLOROPHYLL FLUORESCENCE PHENOTYPE 244, chloroplastic; Auxiliary factor required, together with HCF173, for the biogenesis of photosystem II (PSII), especially for the synthesis of the reaction center proteins (e.g. D1), via the regulation of the corresponding mRNA (e.g. psbA) translation initiation (ribosomal loading) and stabilization; Belongs to the NmrA-type oxidoreductase family. (395 aa) |
| | PNSL1 | Photosynthetic NDH subunit of lumenal location 1, chloroplastic; NDH shuttles electrons from NAD(P)H:plastoquinone, via FMN and iron-sulfur (Fe-S) centers, to quinones in the photosynthetic chain and possibly in a chloroplast respiratory chain. The immediate electron acceptor for the enzyme in this species is believed to be plastoquinone. Couples the redox reaction to proton translocation, and thus conserves the redox energy in a proton gradient (Probable). Required for accumulation of the chloroplast NAD(P)H dehydrogenase (NDH) complex. (238 aa) |
| | VIPP1 | Membrane-associated protein VIPP1, chloroplastic; Required for plastid vesicle formation and thylakoid membrane biogenesis, but not for functional assembly of thylakoid protein complexes; Belongs to the PspA/IM30 family. (330 aa) |
| | CPFTSY | Cell division protein FtsY homolog, chloroplastic; Signal recognition particle receptor protein. Binds GTP specifically. The GTPase activity is inhibited by the N-terminus of the protein until binding to the thylakoid membrane. Activates the GTPase activity of FFC/cpSRP54 when bound to the cpSRP complex. Required for light-harvesting chlorophyll a/b-binding protein (LHCP) integration into thylakoids. Might be also functionally linked to the Sec translocation machinery. (366 aa) |
| | FTSH2 | ATP-dependent zinc metalloprotease FTSH 2, chloroplastic; Part of a complex that function as an ATP-dependent zinc metallopeptidase. Involved in the thylakoid formation and in the removal of damaged D1 in the photosystem II, preventing cell death under high-intensity light conditions, but not involved in thermotolerance. In the N-terminal section; belongs to the AAA ATPase family. (695 aa) |
| | OHP1 | Light-harvesting complex-like protein OHP1, chloroplastic; May play a photoprotective role in the thylakoid membrane in response to light stress (Probable). Involved in photosystems I (PSI) and II (PSII) core proteins function. (110 aa) |
| | PAP11 | Probable plastid-lipid-associated protein 11, chloroplastic. (212 aa) |
| | PAP1 | Probable plastid-lipid-associated protein 1, chloroplastic; Probably involved in light/cold stress-related jasmonate (JA) biosynthesis. Contributes to the protection of photosystem II (PSII) against light stress; Belongs to the PAP/fibrillin family. (318 aa) |
| | FKBP17-1 | Peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase FKBP17-1, chloroplastic; PPIases accelerate the folding of proteins. It catalyzes the cis-trans isomerization of proline imidic peptide bonds in oligopeptides (By similarity). (229 aa) |
| | DEGP2 | Protease Do-like 2, chloroplastic; Serine protease that performs the primary cleavage of the photodamaged D1 protein in plant photosystem II. Belongs to the peptidase S1C family. (607 aa) |
| | CGL160 | Protein CONSERVED ONLY IN THE GREEN LINEAGE 160, chloroplastic; Facilitates the assembly of the membrane proton channel of the chloroplastic F-type ATPase. Specifically required for the efficient assembly and integration of the CF(0) subunit c into the chloroplastic ATPase complex in the thylakoid membrane. (350 aa) |
| | ANTR1 | Sodium-dependent phosphate transport protein 1, chloroplastic; Specific for inorganic phosphate transport across the thylakoid membrane in a sodium dependent manner. Binds glutamate but cannot transport it. May act as an ascorbate transporter at the thylakoid membrane (Probable); Belongs to the major facilitator superfamily. Sodium/anion cotransporter (TC 2.A.1.14) family. (512 aa) |
| | FTSZ2-1 | Cell division protein FtsZ homolog 2-1, chloroplastic; Exhibits GTPase activity. Component of the plastid division machinery that forms a contractile ring at the division site. Required for plastid division in a dose-dependent manner. Belongs to the FtsZ family. (478 aa) |
| | HCF136 | Photosystem II stability/assembly factor HCF136, chloroplastic; Essential for photosystem II (PSII) biogenesis; required for assembly of an early intermediate in PSII assembly that includes D2 (psbD) and cytochrome b559. Has been suggested to be required for chlorophyll a binding. (403 aa) |
| | SGR1 | Magnesium dechelatase SGR1, chloroplastic; Magnesium chelatase involved in chlorophyll a degradation in the chlorophyll-protein complexes of photosystem I (PSI) and photosystem II (PSII). Contributes to the degradation of PSI and PSII in the thylakoid membranes. Required to trigger chlorophyll degradation during natural and dark-induced leaf senescence (Probable). Mediates chlorophyll degradation during embryo degreening. Recombinant SGR1 possesses high dechelating activity against chlorophyll a, very low activity against chlorophyllide a, and no activity against chlorophyll b. Magnesi [...] (268 aa) |
| | LHCB1.3 | Chlorophyll a-b binding protein 1, chloroplastic; The light-harvesting complex (LHC) functions as a light receptor, it captures and delivers excitation energy to photosystems with which it is closely associated; Belongs to the light-harvesting chlorophyll a/b-binding (LHC) protein family. (267 aa) |
| | atpE | ATP synthase epsilon chain, chloroplastic; Produces ATP from ADP in the presence of a proton gradient across the membrane. (132 aa) |
| | ndhB1 | NAD(P)H-quinone oxidoreductase subunit 2 A, chloroplastic; NDH shuttles electrons from NAD(P)H:plastoquinone, via FMN and iron-sulfur (Fe-S) centers, to quinones in the photosynthetic chain and possibly in a chloroplast respiratory chain. The immediate electron acceptor for the enzyme in this species is believed to be plastoquinone. Couples the redox reaction to proton translocation, and thus conserves the redox energy in a proton gradient. Belongs to the complex I subunit 2 family. (512 aa) |
| | ndhB2 | NAD(P)H-quinone oxidoreductase subunit 2 B, chloroplastic; NDH shuttles electrons from NAD(P)H:plastoquinone, via FMN and iron-sulfur (Fe-S) centers, to quinones in the photosynthetic chain and possibly in a chloroplast respiratory chain. The immediate electron acceptor for the enzyme in this species is believed to be plastoquinone. Couples the redox reaction to proton translocation, and thus conserves the redox energy in a proton gradient. Belongs to the complex I subunit 2 family. (512 aa) |
| | LHCB1.1 | Chlorophyll a-b binding protein 2, chloroplastic; The light-harvesting complex (LHC) functions as a light receptor, it captures and delivers excitation energy to photosystems with which it is closely associated; Belongs to the light-harvesting chlorophyll a/b-binding (LHC) protein family. (267 aa) |
| | PETE | Plastocyanin minor isoform, chloroplastic; Participates in electron transfer between P700 and the cytochrome b6-f complex in photosystem I. Seems to be a minor plastocyanin in Arabidopsis. (171 aa) |
| | atpB | ATP synthase subunit beta, chloroplastic; Produces ATP from ADP in the presence of a proton gradient across the membrane. The catalytic sites are hosted primarily by the beta subunits; Belongs to the ATPase alpha/beta chains family. (498 aa) |
| | PORB | Protochlorophyllide reductase B, chloroplastic; Phototransformation of protochlorophyllide (Pchlide) to chlorophyllide (Chlide); Belongs to the short-chain dehydrogenases/reductases (SDR) family. POR subfamily. (401 aa) |
| | PSBO1 | Oxygen-evolving enhancer protein 1-1, chloroplastic; Stabilizes the manganese cluster which is the primary site of water splitting. (332 aa) |
| | ndhD | NAD(P)H-quinone oxidoreductase chain 4, chloroplastic; Belongs to the complex I subunit 4 family. (500 aa) |
| | ndhE | NAD(P)H-quinone oxidoreductase subunit 4L, chloroplastic; NDH shuttles electrons from NAD(P)H:plastoquinone, via FMN and iron-sulfur (Fe-S) centers, to quinones in the photosynthetic chain and possibly in a chloroplast respiratory chain. The immediate electron acceptor for the enzyme in this species is believed to be plastoquinone. Couples the redox reaction to proton translocation, and thus conserves the redox energy in a proton gradient. (101 aa) |
| | PSBR | Photosystem II 10 kDa polypeptide, chloroplastic; Associated with the oxygen-evolving complex of photosystem II. (140 aa) |
| | LHCA4 | Chlorophyll a-b binding protein 4, chloroplastic; The light-harvesting complex (LHC) functions as a light receptor, it captures and delivers excitation energy to photosystems with which it is closely associated; Belongs to the light-harvesting chlorophyll a/b-binding (LHC) protein family. (251 aa) |
| | FC1 | Ferrochelatase-1, chloroplastic/mitochondrial; Catalyzes the last step of heme biosynthesis by inserting ferrous iron into protoporphyrin IX to produce protoheme. Produces heme for photosynthetic cytochromes, but does not seem to be involved in stress responses. May be involved in wound-induced supply of heme to defensive hemoproteins outside plastids. Regulates the expression of photosynthesis-associated nuclear genes in undevelopped chloroplasts through production of heme. (466 aa) |
| | DRT112 | Plastocyanin major isoform, chloroplastic; Participates in electron transfer between P700 and the cytochrome b6-f complex in photosystem I. Seems to be the major plastocyanin in Arabidopsis. (167 aa) |
| | PSAN | Photosystem I reaction center subunit N, chloroplastic; May function in mediating the binding of the antenna complexes to the PSI reaction center and core antenna. Plays an important role in docking plastocyanin to the PSI complex. Does not bind pigments. (171 aa) |
| | ndhC | NAD(P)H-quinone oxidoreductase subunit 3, chloroplastic; NDH shuttles electrons from NAD(P)H:plastoquinone, via FMN and iron-sulfur (Fe-S) centers, to quinones in the photosynthetic chain and possibly in a chloroplast respiratory chain. The immediate electron acceptor for the enzyme in this species is believed to be plastoquinone. Couples the redox reaction to proton translocation, and thus conserves the redox energy in a proton gradient. (120 aa) |
| | ndhF | NAD(P)H-quinone oxidoreductase subunit 5, chloroplastic; NDH shuttles electrons from NAD(P)H:plastoquinone, via FMN and iron-sulfur (Fe-S) centers, to quinones in the photosynthetic chain and possibly in a chloroplast respiratory chain. The immediate electron acceptor for the enzyme in this species is believed to be plastoquinone. Couples the redox reaction to proton translocation, and thus conserves the redox energy in a proton gradient (By similarity). (746 aa) |
| | ndhH | NAD(P)H-quinone oxidoreductase subunit H, chloroplastic; NDH shuttles electrons from NAD(P)H:plastoquinone, via FMN and iron-sulfur (Fe-S) centers, to quinones in the photosynthetic chain and possibly in a chloroplast respiratory chain. The immediate electron acceptor for the enzyme in this species is believed to be plastoquinone. Couples the redox reaction to proton translocation, and thus conserves the redox energy in a proton gradient. Belongs to the complex I 49 kDa subunit family. (393 aa) |
| | ndhJ | NAD(P)H-quinone oxidoreductase subunit J, chloroplastic; NDH shuttles electrons from NAD(P)H:plastoquinone, via FMN and iron-sulfur (Fe-S) centers, to quinones in the photosynthetic chain and possibly in a chloroplast respiratory chain. The immediate electron acceptor for the enzyme in this species is believed to be plastoquinone. Couples the redox reaction to proton translocation, and thus conserves the redox energy in a proton gradient. (158 aa) |
| | ndhI | NAD(P)H-quinone oxidoreductase subunit I, chloroplastic; NDH shuttles electrons from NAD(P)H:plastoquinone, via FMN and iron-sulfur (Fe-S) centers, to quinones in the photosynthetic chain and possibly in a chloroplast respiratory chain. The immediate electron acceptor for the enzyme in this species is believed to be plastoquinone. Couples the redox reaction to proton translocation, and thus conserves the redox energy in a proton gradient. Belongs to the complex I 23 kDa subunit family. (172 aa) |
| | ndhK | NAD(P)H-quinone oxidoreductase subunit K, chloroplastic; NDH shuttles electrons from NAD(P)H:plastoquinone, via FMN and iron-sulfur (Fe-S) centers, to quinones in the photosynthetic chain and possibly in a chloroplast respiratory chain. The immediate electron acceptor for the enzyme in this species is believed to be plastoquinone. Couples the redox reaction to proton translocation, and thus conserves the redox energy in a proton gradient. Belongs to the complex I 20 kDa subunit family. (225 aa) |
| | atpA | ATP synthase subunit alpha, chloroplastic; Produces ATP from ADP in the presence of a proton gradient across the membrane. The alpha chain is a regulatory subunit. Belongs to the ATPase alpha/beta chains family. (507 aa) |
| | atpI | ATP synthase subunit a, chloroplastic; Key component of the proton channel; it plays a direct role in the translocation of protons across the membrane. (249 aa) |
| | atpF | ATP synthase subunit b, chloroplastic; F(1)F(0) ATP synthase produces ATP from ADP in the presence of a proton or sodium gradient. F-type ATPases consist of two structural domains, F(1) containing the extramembraneous catalytic core and F(0) containing the membrane proton channel, linked together by a central stalk and a peripheral stalk. During catalysis, ATP synthesis in the catalytic domain of F(1) is coupled via a rotary mechanism of the central stalk subunits to proton translocation. (184 aa) |
| | atpH | ATP synthase subunit c, chloroplastic; F(1)F(0) ATP synthase produces ATP from ADP in the presence of a proton or sodium gradient. F-type ATPases consist of two structural domains, F(1) containing the extramembraneous catalytic core and F(0) containing the membrane proton channel, linked together by a central stalk and a peripheral stalk. During catalysis, ATP synthesis in the catalytic domain of F(1) is coupled via a rotary mechanism of the central stalk subunits to proton translocation. (81 aa) |
| | psbD | Photosystem II D2 protein; Photosystem II (PSII) is a light-driven water:plastoquinone oxidoreductase that uses light energy to abstract electrons from H(2)O, generating O(2) and a proton gradient subsequently used for ATP formation. It consists of a core antenna complex that captures photons, and an electron transfer chain that converts photonic excitation into a charge separation. The D1/D2 (PsbA/PsbA) reaction center heterodimer binds P680, the primary electron donor of PSII as well as several subsequent electron acceptors. D2 is needed for assembly of a stable PSII complex. (353 aa) |
| | psaA | Photosystem I P700 chlorophyll a apoprotein A1; PsaA and PsaB bind P700, the primary electron donor of photosystem I (PSI), as well as the electron acceptors A0, A1 and FX. PSI is a plastocyanin-ferredoxin oxidoreductase, converting photonic excitation into a charge separation, which transfers an electron from the donor P700 chlorophyll pair to the spectroscopically characterized acceptors A0, A1, FX, FA and FB in turn. Oxidized P700 is reduced on the lumenal side of the thylakoid membrane by plastocyanin. (750 aa) |
| | psaB | Photosystem I P700 chlorophyll a apoprotein A2; PsaA and PsaB bind P700, the primary electron donor of photosystem I (PSI), as well as the electron acceptors A0, A1 and FX. PSI is a plastocyanin-ferredoxin oxidoreductase, converting photonic excitation into a charge separation, which transfers an electron from the donor P700 chlorophyll pair to the spectroscopically characterized acceptors A0, A1, FX, FA and FB in turn. Oxidized P700 is reduced on the lumenal side of the thylakoid membrane by plastocyanin. (734 aa) |
| | psaI | Photosystem I reaction center subunit VIII; May help in the organization of the PsaL subunit. Belongs to the PsaI family. (37 aa) |
| | psaJ | Photosystem I reaction center subunit IX; May help in the organization of the PsaE and PsaF subunits. Belongs to the PsaJ family. (44 aa) |
| | ccsA | Cytochrome c biogenesis protein CcsA; Required during biogenesis of c-type cytochromes (cytochrome c6 and cytochrome f) at the step of heme attachment. (328 aa) |
| | petA | Cytochrome f; Component of the cytochrome b6-f complex, which mediates electron transfer between photosystem II (PSII) and photosystem I (PSI), cyclic electron flow around PSI, and state transitions. (320 aa) |
| | petB | Cytochrome b6; Component of the cytochrome b6-f complex, which mediates electron transfer between photosystem II (PSII) and photosystem I (PSI), cyclic electron flow around PSI, and state transitions. (215 aa) |
| | petD | Cytochrome b6-f complex subunit 4; Component of the cytochrome b6-f complex, which mediates electron transfer between photosystem II (PSII) and photosystem I (PSI), cyclic electron flow around PSI, and state transitions. (160 aa) |
| | petG | Cytochrome b6-f complex subunit 5; Component of the cytochrome b6-f complex, which mediates electron transfer between photosystem II (PSII) and photosystem I (PSI), cyclic electron flow around PSI, and state transitions. PetG is required for either the stability or assembly of the cytochrome b6-f complex. (37 aa) |
| | petL | Cytochrome b6-f complex subunit 6; Component of the cytochrome b6-f complex, which mediates electron transfer between photosystem II (PSII) and photosystem I (PSI), cyclic electron flow around PSI, and state transitions. PetL is important for photoautotrophic growth as well as for electron transfer efficiency and stability of the cytochrome b6-f complex. (31 aa) |
| | psbB | Photosystem II CP47 reaction center protein; One of the components of the core complex of photosystem II (PSII). It binds chlorophyll and helps catalyze the primary light- induced photochemical processes of PSII. PSII is a light-driven water:plastoquinone oxidoreductase, using light energy to abstract electrons from H(2)O, generating O(2) and a proton gradient subsequently used for ATP formation; Belongs to the PsbB/PsbC family. PsbB subfamily. (508 aa) |
| | psbC | Photosystem II CP43 reaction center protein; One of the components of the core complex of photosystem II (PSII). It binds chlorophyll and helps catalyze the primary light- induced photochemical processes of PSII. PSII is a light-driven water:plastoquinone oxidoreductase, using light energy to abstract electrons from H(2)O, generating O(2) and a proton gradient subsequently used for ATP formation; Belongs to the PsbB/PsbC family. PsbC subfamily. (473 aa) |
| | psbE | Cytochrome b559 subunit alpha; This b-type cytochrome is tightly associated with the reaction center of photosystem II (PSII). PSII is a light-driven water:plastoquinone oxidoreductase that uses light energy to abstract electrons from H(2)O, generating O(2) and a proton gradient subsequently used for ATP formation. It consists of a core antenna complex that captures photons, and an electron transfer chain that converts photonic excitation into a charge separation. (83 aa) |
| | psbH | Photosystem II reaction center protein H; One of the components of the core complex of photosystem II (PSII), required for its stability and/or assembly. PSII is a light- driven water:plastoquinone oxidoreductase that uses light energy to abstract electrons from H(2)O, generating O(2) and a proton gradient subsequently used for ATP formation. It consists of a core antenna complex that captures photons, and an electron transfer chain that converts photonic excitation into a charge separation. Belongs to the PsbH family. (73 aa) |
| | psbJ | Photosystem II reaction center protein J; One of the components of the core complex of photosystem II (PSII). PSII is a light-driven water:plastoquinone oxidoreductase that uses light energy to abstract electrons from H(2)O, generating O(2) and a proton gradient subsequently used for ATP formation. It consists of a core antenna complex that captures photons, and an electron transfer chain that converts photonic excitation into a charge separation. (40 aa) |
| | psbK | Photosystem II reaction center protein K; One of the components of the core complex of photosystem II (PSII). PSII is a light-driven water:plastoquinone oxidoreductase that uses light energy to abstract electrons from H(2)O, generating O(2) and a proton gradient subsequently used for ATP formation. It consists of a core antenna complex that captures photons, and an electron transfer chain that converts photonic excitation into a charge separation. (61 aa) |
| | ycf4 | Photosystem I assembly protein Ycf4; Seems to be required for the assembly of the photosystem I complex; Belongs to the Ycf4 family. (184 aa) |
| | psbZ | Photosystem II reaction center protein Z; Controls the interaction of photosystem II (PSII) cores with the light-harvesting antenna; Belongs to the PsbZ family. (62 aa) |
| | psbL | Photosystem II reaction center protein L; One of the components of the core complex of photosystem II (PSII). PSII is a light-driven water:plastoquinone oxidoreductase that uses light energy to abstract electrons from H(2)O, generating O(2) and a proton gradient subsequently used for ATP formation. It consists of a core antenna complex that captures photons, and an electron transfer chain that converts photonic excitation into a charge separation. This subunit is found at the monomer-monomer interface and is required for correct PSII assembly and/or dimerization. (38 aa) |
| | petN | Cytochrome b6-f complex subunit 8; Component of the cytochrome b6-f complex, which mediates electron transfer between photosystem II (PSII) and photosystem I (PSI), cyclic electron flow around PSI, and state transitions. (29 aa) |
| | psbT | Photosystem II reaction center protein T; Seems to play a role in the dimerization of PSII. Belongs to the PsbT family. (33 aa) |
| | ycf3 | Photosystem I assembly protein Ycf3; Essential for the assembly of the photosystem I (PSI) complex. May act as a chaperone-like factor to guide the assembly of the PSI subunits. (168 aa) |
| | psaC | Photosystem I iron-sulfur center; Apoprotein for the two 4Fe-4S centers FA and FB of photosystem I (PSI); essential for photochemical activity. FB is the terminal electron acceptor of PSI, donating electrons to ferredoxin. The C-terminus interacts with PsaA/B/D and helps assemble the protein into the PSI complex. Required for binding of PsaD and PsaE to PSI. PSI is a plastocyanin-ferredoxin oxidoreductase, converting photonic excitation into a charge separation, which transfers an electron from the donor P700 chlorophyll pair to the spectroscopically characterized acceptors A0, A1, FX, [...] (81 aa) |
| | psbF | Cytochrome b559 subunit beta; This b-type cytochrome is tightly associated with the reaction center of photosystem II (PSII). PSII is a light-driven water:plastoquinone oxidoreductase that uses light energy to abstract electrons from H(2)O, generating O(2) and a proton gradient subsequently used for ATP formation. It consists of a core antenna complex that captures photons, and an electron transfer chain that converts photonic excitation into a charge separation. Belongs to the PsbE/PsbF family. (39 aa) |
| | psbI | Photosystem II reaction center protein I; One of the components of the core complex of photosystem II (PSII), required for its stability and/or assembly. PSII is a light- driven water:plastoquinone oxidoreductase that uses light energy to abstract electrons from H(2)O, generating O(2) and a proton gradient subsequently used for ATP formation. It consists of a core antenna complex that captures photons, and an electron transfer chain that converts photonic excitation into a charge separation. (36 aa) |
| | psbM | Photosystem II reaction center protein M; One of the components of the core complex of photosystem II (PSII). PSII is a light-driven water:plastoquinone oxidoreductase that uses light energy to abstract electrons from H(2)O, generating O(2) and a proton gradient subsequently used for ATP formation. It consists of a core antenna complex that captures photons, and an electron transfer chain that converts photonic excitation into a charge separation. This subunit is found at the monomer-monomer interface. (34 aa) |
| | psbN | Protein PsbN; May play a role in photosystem I and II biogenesis. Belongs to the PsbN family. (43 aa) |
| | TL17 | Thylakoid lumenal 17.4 kDa protein, chloroplastic. (236 aa) |
| | TL29 | Thylakoid lumenal 29 kDa protein, chloroplastic. (349 aa) |
| | PPL1 | PsbP-like protein 1, chloroplastic; Required for efficient repair of photodamaged PSII, but not tightly associated with the complex. (230 aa) |
| | TEL3S | Thylakoid lumenal 19 kDa protein, chloroplastic. (229 aa) |
| | PPD5 | PsbP domain-containing protein 5, chloroplastic; Involved in strigolactone biosynthesis. (297 aa) |
| | CYP37 | Peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase CYP37, chloroplastic; PPIases accelerate the folding of proteins. It catalyzes the cis-trans isomerization of proline imidic peptide bonds in oligopeptides (By similarity). (466 aa) |
| | psbA | Photosystem II protein D1; Photosystem II (PSII) is a light-driven water:plastoquinone oxidoreductase that uses light energy to abstract electrons from H(2)O, generating O(2) and a proton gradient subsequently used for ATP formation. It consists of a core antenna complex that captures photons, and an electron transfer chain that converts photonic excitation into a charge separation. The D1/D2 (PsbA/PsbA) reaction center heterodimer binds P680, the primary electron donor of PSII as well as several subsequent electron acceptors. (353 aa) |
| | ELIP1 | Early light-induced protein 1, chloroplastic; Prevents excess accumulation of free chlorophyll by inhibiting the entire chlorophyll biosynthesis pathway (e.g. 5- aminolevulinate synthesis and Mg-protoporphyrin IX chelatase activity), and hence prevent photooxidative stress (By similarity). Probably involved in the integration of pigments into the mature light- harvesting pigment-protein complexes. Light-harvesting chlorophyll (LHC) a/b-binding protein required to ensure a high rate of chlorophyll accumulation during deetiolation in continuous high light. Involved in seed germination. M [...] (195 aa) |
| | LHCA1 | Chlorophyll a-b binding protein 6, chloroplastic; The light-harvesting complex (LHC) functions as a light receptor, it captures and delivers excitation energy to photosystems with which it is closely associated. (241 aa) |
| | ATPC1 | ATP synthase gamma chain 1, chloroplastic; Produces ATP from ADP in the presence of a proton gradient across the membrane. The gamma chain is believed to be important in regulating ATPase activity and the flow of protons through the CF(0) complex. (373 aa) |
| | ATPC2 | ATP synthase gamma chain 2, chloroplastic; Produces ATP from ADP in the presence of a proton gradient across the membrane. The gamma chain is believed to be important in regulating ATPase activity and the flow of protons through the CF(0) complex. (386 aa) |
| | LHCB4.1 | Chlorophyll a-b binding protein CP29.1, chloroplastic; The light-harvesting complex (LHC) functions as a light receptor, it captures and delivers excitation energy to photosystems with which it is closely associated; Belongs to the light-harvesting chlorophyll a/b-binding (LHC) protein family. (290 aa) |
| | FKBP20-2 | Peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase FKBP20-2, chloroplastic; PPIases accelerate the folding of proteins. It catalyzes the cis-trans isomerization of proline imidic peptide bonds in oligopeptides (By similarity). Involved in the accumulation of the PSII complex. (242 aa) |
| | FZL | Probable transmembrane GTPase FZO-like, chloroplastic; Probable membrane-remodeling GTPase that plays a unique role in the in the determination of thylakoid and chloroplast morphology and regulates organization of the thylakoid network. Not involved in the determination of mitochondrial morphology or ultrastructure. Belongs to the TRAFAC class dynamin-like GTPase superfamily. Dynamin/Fzo/YdjA family. Mitofusin subfamily. (912 aa) |
| | FTSH6 | ATP-dependent zinc metalloprotease FTSH 6, chloroplastic; Probable ATP-dependent zinc metallopeptidase. Involved in the degradation of the light-harvesting complex of photosystem II (LHC II) during senescence or high light acclimation. In the N-terminal section; belongs to the AAA ATPase family. (688 aa) |
| | ndhM | NAD(P)H-quinone oxidoreductase subunit M, chloroplastic; NDH shuttles electrons from NAD(P)H:plastoquinone, via FMN and iron-sulfur (Fe-S) centers, to quinones in the photosynthetic chain and possibly in a chloroplast respiratory chain. The immediate electron acceptor for the enzyme in this species is believed to be plastoquinone. Couples the redox reaction to proton translocation, and thus conserves the redox energy in a proton gradient. (217 aa) |
| | PQL3 | PsbQ-like protein 3, chloroplastic; Required for both formation and activity of the chloroplast NAD(P)H dehydrogenase (NDH) complex; Belongs to the psbQ family. (187 aa) |
| | ndhA | NAD(P)H-quinone oxidoreductase subunit 1, chloroplastic; NDH shuttles electrons from NAD(P)H:plastoquinone, via FMN and iron-sulfur (Fe-S) centers, to quinones in the photosynthetic chain and possibly in a chloroplast respiratory chain. The immediate electron acceptor for the enzyme in this species is believed to be plastoquinone. Couples the redox reaction to proton translocation, and thus conserves the redox energy in a proton gradient. (360 aa) |
| | STR15 | Rhodanese-like domain-containing protein 15, chloroplastic. (182 aa) |
| | SCY1 | Preprotein translocase subunit SCY1, chloroplastic; Involved in protein export. Probably interacts with other proteins to allow the translocation of proteins across the chloroplast thylakoid membranes. Required for normal greening during embryogenesis. Central subunit of the protein translocation channel SecYE. Consists of two halves formed by TMs 1-5 and 6-10. These two domains form a lateral gate at the front which open onto the bilayer between TMs 2 and 7, and are clamped together by SecE at the back. The channel is closed by both a pore ring composed of hydrophobic SecY resides and [...] (551 aa) |
| | FTSH1 | ATP-dependent zinc metalloprotease FTSH 1, chloroplastic; Part of a complex that function as an ATP-dependent zinc metallopeptidase. Involved in the thylakoid formation and in the removal of damaged D1 in the photosystem II, preventing cell death under high-intensity light conditions. (716 aa) |
| | GGR | Heterodimeric geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate synthase small subunit, chloroplastic; Heterodimeric geranyl(geranyl)-diphosphate (GPP) synthase small subunit. The small subunit alone is inactive in vitro while the large subunit GGPPS1 catalyzes mainly the production of geranygeranyl- diphosphate in vitro. Upon association of the two subunits, the product profile changes and the production of gerany-diphosphate is strongly increased. (326 aa) |
| | Lhb1B2 | Chlorophyll a-b binding protein, chloroplastic; The light-harvesting complex (LHC) functions as a light receptor, it captures and delivers excitation energy to photosystems with which it is closely associated; Belongs to the light-harvesting chlorophyll a/b-binding (LHC) protein family. (265 aa) |
| | Lhb1B1 | Chlorophyll a-b binding protein, chloroplastic; The light-harvesting complex (LHC) functions as a light receptor, it captures and delivers excitation energy to photosystems with which it is closely associated; Belongs to the light-harvesting chlorophyll a/b-binding (LHC) protein family. (266 aa) |
| | PSBW | Photosystem II reaction center W protein, chloroplastic; Stabilizes dimeric photosystem II (PSII). In its absence no dimeric PSII accumulates and there is a reduction of monomeric PSII. Belongs to the psbW family. (133 aa) |
| | PSBT | Photosystem II 5 kDa protein, chloroplastic; May be a component of the oxygen-evolving complex. (103 aa) |
| | VDE1 | Violaxanthin de-epoxidase, chloroplastic; Part of the xanthophyll (or violaxanthin) cycle for controlling the concentration of zeaxanthin in chloroplasts. Catalyzes the two-step mono de-epoxidation reaction. Stereospecific for all-trans xanthophylls. Zeaxanthin induces the dissipation of excitation energy in the chlorophyll of the light-harvesting protein complex of photosystem II; Belongs to the calycin superfamily. Lipocalin family. (462 aa) |
| | PSBQ2 | Oxygen-evolving enhancer protein 3-2, chloroplastic; Required for photosystem II assembly/stability and photoautotrophic growth under low light conditions. Belongs to the psbQ family. (230 aa) |
| | PSBP1 | Oxygen-evolving enhancer protein 2-1, chloroplastic; May be involved in the regulation of photosystem II; Belongs to the psbP family. (263 aa) |
| | FTSZ1 | Cell division protein FtsZ homolog 1, chloroplastic; Exhibits GTPase activity. Component of the plastid division machinery that forms a contractile ring at the division site. Required for plastid division in a dose-dependent manner. Involved in blue light-induced chloroplast movements. May regulate thylakoid development. Belongs to the FtsZ family. (433 aa) |
| | APXT | L-ascorbate peroxidase T, chloroplastic; Plays a key role in hydrogen peroxide removal; Belongs to the peroxidase family. Ascorbate peroxidase subfamily. (426 aa) |
| | AOX4 | Ubiquinol oxidase 4, chloroplastic/chromoplastic; Acts early in chloroplast biogenesis as a component of a redox chain responsible for phytoene desaturation. Prevents the generation of toxic oxygen radicals and photooxidation of the nascent photosynthetic apparatus. Involved in the differentiation of multiple plastid types, including chloroplasts, amyloplasts, and etioplasts. Might participate in the chloroplast respiratory chain. (351 aa) |
| | SGR2 | Magnesium dechelatase SGR2, chloroplastic; Magnesium chelatase involved in chlorophyll a degradation in the chlorophyll-protein complexes of photosystem I (PSI) and photosystem II (PSII). Contributes to the degradation of PSI and PSII in the thylakoid membranes. Required to trigger chlorophyll degradation during natural and dark-induced leaf senescence (Probable). Mediates chlorophyll degradation during embryo degreening. Recombinant SGR2 possesses high dechelating activity against chlorophyll a, very low activity against chlorophyllide a, and no activity against chlorophyll b. (271 aa) |
| | PAP5 | Probable plastid-lipid-associated protein 5, chloroplastic. (234 aa) |
| | LIL3.2 | Light-harvesting complex-like protein 3 isotype 2, chloroplastic; Light-harvesting-like protein required for biosynthesis of phytylated chlorophylls and alpha-tocopherol in green seedlings. Functions by anchoring geranylgeranyl reductase (GGR) in the thylakoid membrane, leading to the stabilization of GGR activity. Binds chlrophyll a in the thylakoid membrane. Plays a role in the regulation of chlorophyll biosynthesis under light stress and under standard growth conditions. (258 aa) |
| | CCB4 | Protein COFACTOR ASSEMBLY OF COMPLEX C SUBUNIT B CCB4, chloroplastic; Required for the biogenesis and accumulation of native cytochrome b6 in the thylakoid membrane. Controls the conversion of apocytochrome b6 to holocytochrome b6. Required for covalent binding of the c-type heme to cytochrome b6. (297 aa) |
| | PLIP1 | Phospholipase A1 PLIP1, chloroplastic; Sn-1-specific phospholipase A1 involved in seed oil biosynthesis. Hydrolyzes polyunsaturated acyl groups from a unique chloroplast-specific phosphatidylglycerol (PG) that contains 16:1 delta 3-trans as its second acyl group. The polyunsaturated acyl groups released by PLIP1 are exported from the chloroplast, reincorporated into phosphatidylcholine (PC), and ultimately enter seed triacylglycerol (TAG). In vitro, possesses broad substrate specificity. Can hydrolyze the galactolipid monogalactosyldiacylglycerol (MGDG), and the phoshpolipids phosphati [...] (649 aa) |
| | PTAC14 | Protein PLASTID TRANSCRIPTIONALLY ACTIVE 14; Essential for chloroplast development, especially for thylakoid formation. Involved in plastid gene expression, probably by maintaining plastid-encoded RNA polymerase (PEP) activity. Belongs to the class V-like SAM-binding methyltransferase superfamily. (483 aa) |
| | ndhU | NAD(P)H-quinone oxidoreductase subunit U, chloroplastic; NDH shuttles electrons from NAD(P)H:plastoquinone, via FMN and iron-sulfur (Fe-S) centers, to quinones in the photosynthetic chain and possibly in a chloroplast respiratory chain. The immediate electron acceptor for the enzyme in this species is believed to be plastoquinone. Couples the redox reaction to proton translocation, and thus conserves the redox energy in a proton gradient. (218 aa) |
| | LQY1 | Protein disulfide-isomerase LQY1, chloroplastic; Protein disulfide-isomerase probably involved upon formation of a complex with HHL1 in maintaining photosystem II (PSII) activity under high light by regulating repair and reassembly of PSII complexes. Belongs to the BSD2 chaperone family. (154 aa) |
| | NIP2 | NEP1-interacting protein 2; Intrinsic thylakoid membrane protein that fixes RPOT2 on the stromal side of the thylakoid membrane; Belongs to the RING-type zinc finger family. NIP subfamily. (241 aa) |
| | F4B14.110 | NEP1-interacting protein 1; Intrinsic thylakoid membrane protein that fixes RPOT2 on the stromal side of the thylakoid membrane. (236 aa) |
| | PGRL1B | PGR5-like protein 1B, chloroplastic; Ferredoxin-plastoquinone reductase involved in cyclic electron flow (CEF) around photosystem I. The homodimer is probably not involved in CEF; Belongs to the PGR5 family. (313 aa) |
| | TIC62 | Protein TIC 62, chloroplastic; Involved in protein precursor import into chloroplasts. Part of the redox regulon consisting of TIC32, TIC 55 and TIC62. Acts as a membrane anchor of LFNR1 and LFNR2. Has a NADPH-dependent dehydrogenase activity, but only after preincubation with lipids (By similarity). (641 aa) |
| | LPA3 | Protein LOW PSII ACCUMULATION 3, chloroplastic; Involved in assisting chlorophyll a binding protein psbC assembly within photosystem II (PSII). Works cooperatively with LPA2. (358 aa) |
| | PLSP1 | Chloroplast processing peptidase; Involved in the maturation of the plastid protein translocation channel. Required for the biogenesis of plastid internal membranes. May also function as a thylakoidal processing peptidase. Belongs to the peptidase S26 family. (291 aa) |
| | PGRL1A | PGR5-like protein 1A, chloroplastic; Ferredoxin-plastoquinone reductase involved in cyclic electron flow (CEF) around photosystem I. The homodimer is probably not involved in CEF; Belongs to the PGR5 family. (324 aa) |
| | TL20.3 | Thylakoid lumenal protein TL20.3, chloroplastic; Pentapeptide repeat protein of unknown function. Subject to degradation when reduced. (280 aa) |
| | LTO1 | Thiol-disulfide oxidoreductase LTO1; Thiol-disulfide oxidoreductase catalyzing disulfide bond formation of chloroplast proteins and involved in redox regulation and photosynthetic electron transport. Required for the assembly of photosystem II (PSII) through the formation of disulfide bond in PSBO, a subunit of the PSII oxygen-evolving complex in the thylakoid lumen. Involved in the formation of disulfide bonds in the lumenal protein FKBP13. In vitro, reduces phylloquinone (vitamin K1) and menaquinone (vitamin K2) to their respective quinol. Cannot reduce phylloquinone epoxide to phyll [...] (376 aa) |
| | ALB3L2 | ALBINO3-like protein 2, chloroplastic; Probably required for the insertion of integral membrane proteins into the chloroplast thylakoid membranes; Belongs to the OXA1/ALB3/YidC (TC 2.A.9.2) family. (525 aa) |
| | CRP1 | Pentatricopeptide repeat-containing protein At5g42310, chloroplastic; Required for chloroplast protein synthesis and accumulation of subunits of the thylakoid protein complexes. Activates psaC and petA translation by binding their 5'-UTRs. Required for the correct processing of petB and petD mRNAs. Interacts with the petB and petD intergenic region and is required for the generation of petB and petD monocistronic RNAs; Belongs to the PPR family. P subfamily. (709 aa) |
| | NDK4 | Nucleoside diphosphate kinase IV, chloroplastic/mitochondrial; Major role in the synthesis of nucleoside triphosphates other than ATP. The ATP gamma phosphate is transferred to the NDP beta phosphate via a ping-pong mechanism, using a phosphorylated active-site intermediate. Shows the highest specificity towards GDP (By similarity); Belongs to the NDK family. (237 aa) |
| | PAP12-2 | Probable plastid-lipid-associated protein 12, chloroplastic. (409 aa) |
| | FKBP17-3 | Peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase FKBP17-3, chloroplastic; PPIases accelerate the folding of proteins. It catalyzes the cis-trans isomerization of proline imidic peptide bonds in oligopeptides (By similarity). (234 aa) |
| | ALB3 | Inner membrane protein ALBINO3, chloroplastic; Required for the insertion of some light harvesting chlorophyll-binding proteins (LHCP) into the chloroplast thylakoid membrane. Required for the insertion of LHCB1, LHCB4.1 and LHCB5 proteins into thylakoid membrane, while it is not required for insertion of proteins PsbX, PsbW and PsbY. (462 aa) |
| | LHCA6 | Photosystem I chlorophyll a/b-binding protein 6, chloroplastic; The light-harvesting complex (LHC) functions as a light receptor, it captures and delivers excitation energy to photosystems with which it is closely associated. Seems involved in the function of the photosystem I in low light conditions, when other LHCA proteins are less abundant. Required, together with LHCA5, for the formation of a full-size NAD(P)H dehydrogenase-photosystem I supercomplex (NDH-PSI) that triggers cyclic and chlororespiratory electron transport in chloroplast thylakoids, especially under stress condition [...] (270 aa) |
| | CURT1D | Protein CURVATURE THYLAKOID 1D, chloroplastic; Determines thylakoid architecture by inducing membrane curvature; Belongs to the CURT family. (193 aa) |
| | HHL1 | Protein HHL1, chloroplastic; Involved in photoprotection. Forms a complex with LQY1 that is involved in the repair and reassembly cycle of the PSII-LHCII supercomplex under high-light conditions. May function in guiding the release of psbC from PSII core monomers. (231 aa) |
| | RCCR | Red chlorophyll catabolite reductase, chloroplastic; Catalyzes the key reaction of chlorophyll catabolism, porphyrin macrocycle cleavage of pheophorbide a (pheide a) to a primary fluorescent catabolite (pFCC). Works in a two-step reaction with pheophorbide a oxygenase (PaO) by reducing the C20/C1 double bond of the intermediate, RCC. Belongs to the chlorophyll catabolic enzymes (CCEs). (319 aa) |
| | IRT3 | Fe(2+) transport protein 3, chloroplastic; May play a role in the transport of iron in the plastids. Belongs to the ZIP transporter (TC 2.A.5) family. (425 aa) |
| | NOL | Chlorophyll(ide) b reductase NOL, chloroplastic; Required for chlorophyll b degradation. Chlorophyll b, chlorophyllide b, pheophorbide b and pheophytin b can be used as substrates. Belongs to the chlorophyll catabolic enzymes (CCEs). Belongs to the short-chain dehydrogenases/reductases (SDR) family. (348 aa) |
| | CCB3 | Protein COFACTOR ASSEMBLY OF COMPLEX C SUBUNIT B CCB3, chloroplastic; Required for the biogenesis and accumulation of native cytochrome b6 in the thylakoid membrane. Controls the conversion of apocytochrome b6 to holocytochrome b6. Required for covalent binding of the c-type heme to cytochrome b6; Belongs to the YggT family. (174 aa) |
| | PNSB4 | Photosynthetic NDH subunit of subcomplex B 4, chloroplastic; NDH shuttles electrons from NAD(P)H:plastoquinone, via FMN and iron-sulfur (Fe-S) centers, to quinones in the photosynthetic chain and possibly in a chloroplast respiratory chain. The immediate electron acceptor for the enzyme in this species is believed to be plastoquinone. Couples the redox reaction to proton translocation, and thus conserves the redox energy in a proton gradient. (175 aa) |
| | PPD2 | PsbP domain-containing protein 2, chloroplastic. (232 aa) |
| | LTD | Protein LHCP TRANSLOCATION DEFECT; Involved in the import of light-harvesting complex proteins (LHCP) and subsequent routing of these proteins to the chloroplast signal recognition particle (SRP) pathway. (175 aa) |
| | SOQ1 | Protein SUPPRESSOR OF QUENCHING 1, chloroplastic; Required to maintain light harvesting efficiency, especially during nonphotochemical quenching (NPQ) recovery, via the regulation of chlorophyll excited-state lifetime probably by preventing the formation of a slowly reversible form of antenna quenching. In the C-terminal section; belongs to the thioredoxin family. (1055 aa) |
| | LHCB1.2 | Chlorophyll a-b binding protein 3, chloroplastic; The light-harvesting complex (LHC) functions as a light receptor, it captures and delivers excitation energy to photosystems with which it is closely associated; Belongs to the light-harvesting chlorophyll a/b-binding (LHC) protein family. (267 aa) |
| | PSB28 | Photosystem II reaction center PSB28 protein, chloroplastic. (183 aa) |
| | LFNR2 | Ferredoxin--NADP reductase, leaf isozyme 2, chloroplastic; Plays a key role in regulating the relative amounts of cyclic and non-cyclic electron flow to meet the demands of the plant for ATP and reducing power. (369 aa) |
| | HCF173 | Protein HIGH CHLOROPHYLL FLUORESCENCE PHENOTYPE 173, chloroplastic; Auxiliary factor required, together with HCF244, for the biogenesis of photosystem II (PSII), especially for the synthesis of the reaction center proteins (e.g. D1), via the regulation of the corresponding mRNA (e.g. psbA) translation initiation (ribosomal loading) and stabilization; Belongs to the NmrA-type oxidoreductase family. (598 aa) |
| | FTSH8 | ATP-dependent zinc metalloprotease FTSH 8, chloroplastic; Part of a complex that function as an ATP-dependent zinc metallopeptidase. Involved in the thylakoid formation and in the removal of damaged D1 in the photosystem II, preventing cell death under high-intensity light conditions; In the N-terminal section; belongs to the AAA ATPase family. (685 aa) |
| | PETJ | Cytochrome c6, chloroplastic; Functions as an electron carrier between membrane-bound cytochrome b6-f and photosystem I in oxygenic photosynthesis. (175 aa) |
| | SCO2 | Protein disulfide-isomerase SCO2; Protein disulfide-isomerase involved in chloroplast development in cotyledons. Involved in the process of vesicle-derived thylakoid formation, probably at the level of the integration and folding of LHCB proteins at the initial location of integration. Acts only in germinating seeds after dormancy, during the transition from heterotrophic to autotrophic growth. (187 aa) |
| | NYC1 | Probable chlorophyll(ide) b reductase NYC1, chloroplastic; Involved in chlorophyll b degradation. Belongs to the chlorophyll catabolic enzymes (CCEs); Belongs to the short-chain dehydrogenases/reductases (SDR) family. (496 aa) |
| | FLU | Protein FLUORESCENT IN BLUE LIGHT, chloroplastic; Negative regulator of tetrapyrrole biosynthesis (including chlorophyll) in chloroplasts, probably via HEMA1 repression. Inhibits especially the magnesium ion Mg(2+) branch of tetrapyrrole biosynthesis, but independently of heme. (316 aa) |
| | FKBP16-1 | Peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase FKBP16-1, chloroplastic; PPIases accelerate the folding of proteins. It catalyzes the cis-trans isomerization of proline imidic peptide bonds in oligopeptides (By similarity). (207 aa) |
| | PSAO | Photosystem I subunit O; Involved in the balancing of excitation energy between the two photosystems I (PSI) and II (PSII); Belongs to the PSAO family. (140 aa) |
| | PNSB2 | Photosynthetic NDH subunit of subcomplex B 2, chloroplastic; NDH shuttles electrons from NAD(P)H:plastoquinone, via FMN and iron-sulfur (Fe-S) centers, to quinones in the photosynthetic chain and possibly in a chloroplast respiratory chain. The immediate electron acceptor for the enzyme in this species is believed to be plastoquinone. Couples the redox reaction to proton translocation, and thus conserves the redox energy in a proton gradient. (348 aa) |
| | SGRL | Magnesium dechelatase SGRL, chloroplastic; Magnesium chelatase involved in chlorophyll a degradation in the chlorophyll-protein complexes of photosystem I (PSI) and photosystem II (PSII). Contributes to the degradation of PSI and PSII in the thylakoid membranes. Recombinant SGRL possesses high dechelating activity against chlorophyllide a, very low activity against chlorophyll a, and no activity against chlorophyll b. Contributes to abiotic stress-induced chlorophyll degradation and leaf yellowing during vegetative plant growth. Belongs to the staygreen family. (260 aa) |
| | PAM71 | Protein PAM71, chloroplastic; Mn(2+)/H(+) exchanger, which transport Mn(2+)from the chloroplast stroma into the acidic thylakoid lumen. Might be a chloroplast-localized Ca(2+)/H(+) antiporter. Regulates Ca(2+), Mn(2+) and pH homeostasis. Required for chloroplast development ; Belongs to the GDT1 family. (370 aa) |
| | MET1 | Protein MET1, chloroplastic; Involved in photosystem II supercomplex formation and repair, probably acting as a psbB/psbC chaperone on the stromal side of the membrane. (335 aa) |
| | ELIP2 | Early light-induced protein 2, chloroplastic; Probably involved in the integration of pigments into the mature light-harvesting pigment-protein complexes. Light-harvesting chlorophyll (LHC) a/b-binding protein required to ensure a high rate of chlorophyll accumulation during deetiolation in continuous high light. Involved in seed germination. May fulfill a photoprotective functions. Prevents excess accumulation of free chlorophyll by inhibiting the entire chlorophyll biosynthesis pathway (e.g. 5-aminolevulinate synthesis and Mg-protoporphyrin IX chelatase activity), and hence prevent p [...] (193 aa) |
| | ndhG | NAD(P)H-quinone oxidoreductase subunit 6, chloroplastic; NDH shuttles electrons from NAD(P)H:plastoquinone, via FMN and iron-sulfur (Fe-S) centers, to quinones in the photosynthetic chain and possibly in a chloroplast respiratory chain. The immediate electron acceptor for the enzyme in this species is believed to be plastoquinone. Couples the redox reaction to proton translocation, and thus conserves the redox energy in a proton gradient (By similarity). (176 aa) |
| | LIR1 | Light-regulated protein 1, chloroplastic; Thylakoid-determinant subunit of high molecular weight LFNRs- containing protein complexes. (141 aa) |
| | PNSL5 | Photosynthetic NDH subunit of lumenal location 5, chloroplastic; NDH shuttles electrons from NAD(P)H:plastoquinone, via FMN and iron-sulfur (Fe-S) centers, to quinones in the photosynthetic chain and possibly in a chloroplast respiratory chain. The immediate electron acceptor for the enzyme in this species is believed to be plastoquinone. Couples the redox reaction to proton translocation, and thus conserves the redox energy in a proton gradient (Probable). PPIases accelerate the folding of proteins. It catalyzes the cis-trans isomerization of proline imidic peptide bonds in oligopepti [...] (259 aa) |
| | NDF5 | Protein NDH-DEPENDENT CYCLIC ELECTRON FLOW 5; Required for both formation and activity of the chloroplast NAD(P)H dehydrogenase (NDH) complex of the photosynthetic electron transport chain. May function in assembly or stabilization of the NDH complex. (354 aa) |
| | YLMG2 | YlmG homolog protein 2, chloroplastic; Not required for the biogenesis and accumulation of native cytochrome b6 in the thylakoid membrane. Not functionally involved in the pathway for covalent binding of the c-type heme to cytochrome b6. Belongs to the YggT family. (251 aa) |
| | LHCA5 | Photosystem I chlorophyll a/b-binding protein 5, chloroplastic; The light-harvesting complex (LHC) functions as a light receptor, it captures and delivers excitation energy to photosystems with which it is closely associated. Seems involved in the function of the photosystem I in low light conditions, when other LHCA proteins are less abundant. Required, together with LHCA6, for the formation of a full-size NAD(P)H dehydrogenase-photosystem I supercomplex (NDH-PSI) that triggers cyclic and chlororespiratory electron transport in chloroplast thylakoids, especially under stress condition [...] (256 aa) |
| | NCED5 | Probable 9-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase NCED5, chloroplastic; Has a 11,12(11',12') 9-cis epoxycarotenoid cleavage activity. Catalyzes the first step of abscisic-acid biosynthesis from carotenoids (By similarity); Belongs to the carotenoid oxygenase family. (589 aa) |
| | SPPA | Serine protease SPPA, chloroplastic; Serine protease that may be involved in the light-dependent degradation of antenna and photosystem II in chloroplasts. May function during high light acclimation in plastids. Belongs to the peptidase S49 family. (677 aa) |
| | LHCB7 | Chlorophyll a-b binding protein 7, chloroplastic; The light-harvesting complex (LHC) functions as a light receptor, it captures and delivers excitation energy to photosystems with which it is closely associated (Probable). Probably functions in non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) to dissipate energy under conditions where the absorbed light exceeds the electron transfer capacities of the thylakoid complexes contributing to primary photochemistry ; Belongs to the light-harvesting chlorophyll a/b-binding (LHC) protein family. (327 aa) |
| | ndhL | NAD(P)H-quinone oxidoreductase subunit L, chloroplastic; NDH shuttles electrons from NAD(P)H:plastoquinone, via FMN and iron-sulfur (Fe-S) centers, to quinones in the photosynthetic chain and possibly in a chloroplast respiratory chain. The immediate electron acceptor for the enzyme in this species is believed to be plastoquinone. Couples the redox reaction to proton translocation, and thus conserves the redox energy in a proton gradient. (191 aa) |
| | OHP2 | Light-harvesting complex-like protein OHP2, chloroplastic; May play a photoprotective role within PSI in response to light stress. (172 aa) |
| | PPH | Pheophytinase, chloroplastic; Alpha/beta hydrolase dephytylating specifically the Mg-free chlorophyll pigment (pheophytin), yielding pheophorbide. No activity on chlorophyll. Belongs to the chlorophyll catabolic enzymes (CCEs). (484 aa) |
| | FTSH11 | ATP-dependent zinc metalloprotease FTSH 11, chloroplastic/mitochondrial; Probable ATP-dependent zinc metallopeptidase. Involved in the assembly and/or stability of the complexes I and Involved in thermotolerance but not in high light stress resistance or in the assembly/stability of the complexes I and V of the mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation system; In the N-terminal section; belongs to the AAA ATPase family. (806 aa) |
| | FTSH5 | ATP-dependent zinc metalloprotease FTSH 5, chloroplastic; Part of a complex that function as an ATP-dependent zinc metallopeptidase. Involved in the thylakoid formation and in the removal of damaged D1 in the photosystem II, preventing cell death under high-intensity light conditions. Not involved in the degradation of the light-harvesting complex of photosystem II (LHC II) or in thermotolerance. In the N-terminal section; belongs to the AAA ATPase family. (704 aa) |
| | FTSH9 | ATP-dependent zinc metalloprotease FTSH 9, chloroplastic; Probable ATP-dependent zinc metallopeptidase; In the N-terminal section; belongs to the AAA ATPase family. (806 aa) |
| | CCB2 | Protein COFACTOR ASSEMBLY OF COMPLEX C SUBUNIT B CCB2, chloroplastic; Required for the biogenesis and accumulation of native cytochrome b6 in the thylakoid membrane. Controls the conversion of apocytochrome b6 to holocytochrome b6. Required for covalent binding of the c-type heme to cytochrome b6. (275 aa) |
| | LFNR1 | Ferredoxin--NADP reductase, leaf isozyme 1, chloroplastic; Plays a key role in regulating the relative amounts of cyclic and non-cyclic electron flow to meet the demands of the plant for ATP and reducing power; Belongs to the ferredoxin--NADP reductase type 1 family. (360 aa) |
| | MPH1 | Protein MAINTENANCE OF PSII UNDER HIGH LIGHT 1; Interacts with photosystem II (PSII) core complexes and participates in the maintenance of normal PSII activity under photoinhibitory stress. May protect against photodamage or stabilize PSII under high-light stress. Participates in the maintainance of proper PSII function under high-light stress by protecting PSII from photooxidative damage. (235 aa) |
| | FSD3 | Superoxide dismutase [Fe] 3, chloroplastic; Destroys superoxide anion radicals which are normally produced within the cells and which are toxic to biological systems (By similarity). Plays important role in chloroplast development, particularly in the maintenance of thylakoids membranes. Seems to act as a heterodimer with FSD2; Belongs to the iron/manganese superoxide dismutase family. (263 aa) |
| | CAS | Calcium sensing receptor, chloroplastic; Modulates cytoplasmic Ca(2+) concentration and is crucial for proper stomatal regulation in response to elevated levels of external Ca(2+). May function by regulating concentrations of inositol 1,4,5- trisphosphate (IP3), which in turn triggers release of Ca(2+) from internal stores. May play a role in de-etiolation. (387 aa) |
| | CPP1 | Protein CHAPERONE-LIKE PROTEIN OF POR1, chloroplastic; Essential protein required during embryogenesis. Exhibits holdase chaperone activity involved in the stabilization of NADPH:protochlorophyllide oxidoreductase (POR) proteins against photooxidative stress during POR proteins import into chloroplasts. Required for chloroplast biogenesis and development. When expressed in yeast, triggers mitochondria-mediated cell death associated with the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential. (258 aa) |
| | PAO | Pheophorbide a oxygenase, chloroplastic; Catalyzes the key reaction of chlorophyll catabolism, porphyrin macrocycle cleavage of pheophorbide a (pheide a) to a primary fluorescent catabolite (pFCC). Works in a two-step reaction with red chlorophyll catabolite reductase (RCCR). Creates the intermediate RCC through the opening of the porphyrin macrocycle by the introduction of one atom of molecular oxygen at the alpha-methine bridge. Seems to be specific for pheide a. Belongs to the chlorophyll catabolic enzymes (CCEs). (537 aa) |
| | ALB4 | ALBINO3-like protein 1, chloroplastic; Required for the insertion of some light harvesting chlorophyll-binding proteins (LHCP) into the chloroplast thylakoid membrane. Plays a role in the accumulation of some cytochrome b6f components in the thylakoid membrane. Required for the assembly and/or stability of the F(1)F(0) ATP synthase in chloroplast thylakoid membranes. Functions to stabilize or promote assembly of F(1) during its attachment to the membrane-embedded F(0) part. Participates with STIC2 in thylakoid protein targeting. May function with a specific subset of thylakoidal proteins. (499 aa) |
| | CNGC20 | Probable cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channel 20, chloroplastic; Probable cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channel. (764 aa) |
| | FKBP17-2 | Peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase FKBP17-2, chloroplastic; PPIases accelerate the folding of proteins. It catalyzes the cis-trans isomerization of proline imidic peptide bonds in oligopeptides (By similarity). (247 aa) |
| | TATA | Sec-independent protein translocase protein TATA, chloroplastic; Part of the twin-arginine translocation (Tat) system that transports large folded proteins containing a characteristic twin- arginine motif in their signal peptide across the thylakoid membrane. Involved in delta pH-dependent protein transport required for chloroplast development, especially thylakoid membrane formation. TATC and TATB mediate precursor recognition, whereas TATA facilitates translocation (By similarity). (147 aa) |
| | FKBP18 | Peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase FKBP18, chloroplastic; PPIases accelerate the folding of proteins. It catalyzes the cis-trans isomerization of proline imidic peptide bonds in oligopeptides (By similarity). (232 aa) |
| | LHCB6 | Chlorophyll a-b binding protein, chloroplastic; The light-harvesting complex (LHC) functions as a light receptor, it captures and delivers excitation energy to photosystems with which it is closely associated; Belongs to the light-harvesting chlorophyll a/b-binding (LHC) protein family. (258 aa) |
| | PSB27-1 | Photosystem II repair protein PSB27-H1, chloroplastic; Probably involved in repair of photodamaged photosystem II (PSII). (174 aa) |
| | CCB1 | Protein COFACTOR ASSEMBLY OF COMPLEX C SUBUNIT B CCB1, chloroplastic; Required for the biogenesis and accumulation of native cytochrome b6 in the thylakoid membrane. Controls the conversion of apocytochrome b6 to holocytochrome b6. Required for covalent binding of the c-type heme to cytochrome b6. (267 aa) |
| | Y3IP1 | Ycf3-interacting protein 1, chloroplastic; Nuclear genome-encoded factor that participates in photosystem I (PSI) biogenesis. Cooperates with the plastid genome- encoded protein PSI assembly Ycf3 in the assembly of stable PSI units in the thylakoid membrane. Involved in light-induced chloroplast development and growth. Involved in the plant response to abiotic and photooxidative stresses. May be involved in the suppression of photooxidative damage. (280 aa) |
| | DEGP8 | Protease Do-like 8, chloroplastic; Probable serine protease. (448 aa) |
| | PNSB3 | Photosynthetic NDH subunit of subcomplex B 3, chloroplastic; NDH shuttles electrons from NAD(P)H:plastoquinone, via FMN and iron-sulfur (Fe-S) centers, to quinones in the photosynthetic chain and possibly in a chloroplast respiratory chain. The immediate electron acceptor for the enzyme in this species is believed to be plastoquinone. Couples the redox reaction to proton translocation, and thus conserves the redox energy in a proton gradient. (204 aa) |
| | FSD2 | Superoxide dismutase [Fe] 2, chloroplastic; Destroys superoxide anion radicals which are normally produced within the cells and which are toxic to biological systems (By similarity). Plays important role in chloroplast development, particularly in the maintenance of thylakoids membranes. Seems to act as a heterodimer with FSD3. (305 aa) |
| | PAP4-2 | Probable plastid-lipid-associated protein 4, chloroplastic. (242 aa) |
| | PRXQ | Peroxiredoxin Q, chloroplastic; Thiol-specific peroxidase that catalyzes the reduction of hydrogen peroxide and organic hydroperoxides to water and alcohols, respectively. Plays a role in cell protection against oxidative stress by detoxifying peroxides. Involved in the photosystem II protection against hydrogen peroxide; Belongs to the peroxiredoxin family. BCP/PrxQ subfamily. (216 aa) |
| | ndhN | NAD(P)H-quinone oxidoreductase subunit N, chloroplastic; NDH shuttles electrons from NAD(P)H:plastoquinone, via FMN and iron-sulfur (Fe-S) centers, to quinones in the photosynthetic chain and possibly in a chloroplast respiratory chain. The immediate electron acceptor for the enzyme in this species is believed to be plastoquinone. Couples the redox reaction to proton translocation, and thus conserves the redox energy in a proton gradient. (209 aa) |
