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NCS6 NCS6 TAD1 TAD1 URM1-2 URM1-2 A1A6J3_ARATH A1A6J3_ARATH URM1-1 URM1-1 ELP2 ELP2 ELP5 ELP5 THG1 THG1 THG2 THG2 TRZ4 TRZ4 PRORP3 PRORP3 DNMT2 DNMT2 GAF1 GAF1 T26D22.10 T26D22.10 TAD3 TAD3 GCP1 GCP1 T09D09.13 T09D09.13 GCP2 GCP2 CTU2 CTU2 F4I18.29 F4I18.29 matK matK RNL RNL PRORP1 PRORP1 F28K19.23 F28K19.23 PRORP2 PRORP2 EMB1687 EMB1687 TAD2 TAD2 F27G19.9 F27G19.9 PSD PSD T15N1.90 T15N1.90 F7J8.210 F7J8.210 F6A4_50 F6A4_50 PNP1 PNP1 TRZ2 TRZ2 ELP6 ELP6 TRZ1 TRZ1 TYW1 TYW1 TRZ3 TRZ3 T19J18.2 T19J18.2 TRM82 TRM82 F18O21_80 F18O21_80 HAG3 HAG3 IPT9 IPT9 ELP4 ELP4 K16F13.5 K16F13.5 ELP1-2 ELP1-2 F14F8_190 F14F8_190 KTI12 KTI12 SEN2 SEN2 F18O21_290 F18O21_290 SEN1 SEN1 T10K17.150 T10K17.150 PNP2 PNP2 TADA TADA F11A12.1 F11A12.1 F19H22.4 F19H22.4 T10O24.10 T10O24.10 MOCS3 MOCS3 IPT2 IPT2 POP4 POP4
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NCS6Cytoplasmic tRNA 2-thiolation protein 1; Plays a central role in 2-thiolation of mcm(5)S(2)U at tRNA wobble positions of tRNA(Lys), tRNA(Glu) and tRNA(Gln). Directly binds tRNAs and probably acts by catalyzing adenylation of tRNAs, an intermediate required for 2-thiolation. It is unclear whether it acts as a sulfurtransferase that transfers sulfur from thiocarboxylated URM1 onto the uridine of tRNAs at wobble position; Belongs to the TtcA family. CTU1/NCS6/ATPBD3 subfamily. (355 aa)
TAD1tRNA-specific adenosine deaminase TAD1; Involved in RNA editing. Catalyzes the specific deamination of adenosine-37 in the cytosolic tRNA-Ala. Generates inosine at the position 3'-adjacent to the anticodon tRNA-Ala. Belongs to the ADAT1 family. (420 aa)
URM1-2Ubiquitin-related modifier 1 homolog 2; Acts as a sulfur carrier required for 2-thiolation of mcm(5)S(2)U at tRNA wobble positions of cytosolic tRNA(Lys), tRNA(Glu) and tRNA(Gln). Serves as sulfur donor in tRNA 2-thiolation reaction by being thiocarboxylated (-COSH) at its C-terminus by MOCS3. The sulfur is then transferred to tRNA to form 2-thiolation of mcm(5)S(2)U. Also acts as a ubiquitin-like protein (UBL) that is covalently conjugated via an isopeptide bond to lysine residues of target proteins. The thiocarboxylated form serves as substrate for conjugation and oxidative stress sp [...] (99 aa)
A1A6J3_ARATHtRNA pseudouridine synthase. (323 aa)
URM1-1Ubiquitin-related modifier 1 homolog 1; Acts as a sulfur carrier required for 2-thiolation of mcm(5)S(2)U at tRNA wobble positions of cytosolic tRNA(Lys), tRNA(Glu) and tRNA(Gln). Serves as sulfur donor in tRNA 2-thiolation reaction by being thiocarboxylated (-COSH) at its C-terminus by MOCS3. The sulfur is then transferred to tRNA to form 2-thiolation of mcm(5)S(2)U. Also acts as a ubiquitin-like protein (UBL) that is covalently conjugated via an isopeptide bond to lysine residues of target proteins. The thiocarboxylated form serves as substrate for conjugation and oxidative stress sp [...] (101 aa)
ELP2Elongator complex protein 2; Component of the RNA polymerase II elongator complex, a multiprotein complex associated with the RNA polymerase II (Pol II) holoenzyme, and which is involved in transcriptional elongation (By similarity). The elongator complex catalyzes formation of carboxymethyluridine in the wobble base at position 34 in tRNAs (By similarity). Promotes organs development by modulating cell division rate. Prevents abscisic acid (ABA) signaling leading to stomatal closure and seedling growth inhibition. Involved in oxidative stress signaling. Prevents anthocyanins accumulat [...] (838 aa)
ELP5Elongator complex protein 5; Component of the RNA polymerase II elongator complex, a multiprotein complex associated with the RNA polymerase II (Pol II) holoenzyme, and which is involved in transcriptional elongation. The elongator complex catalyzes formation of carboxymethyluridine in the wobble base at position 34 in tRNAs. (374 aa)
THG1tRNA(His) guanylyltransferase 1; Adds a GMP to the 5'-end of tRNA(His) after transcription and RNase P cleavage. (567 aa)
THG2tRNA(His) guanylyltransferase 2; Adds a GMP to the 5'-end of tRNA(His) after transcription and RNase P cleavage. (537 aa)
TRZ4tRNAse Z TRZ4, mitochondrial; Zinc phosphodiesterase, which displays tRNA 3'-processing endonuclease activity. Involved in tRNA maturation, by removing a 3'- trailer from precursor tRNA. Can process the mitochondrial tRNA-like structures (t-elements). (942 aa)
PRORP3Proteinaceous RNase P 3; Endonuclease RNase P responsible for the 5' maturation of tRNA precursors. Also involved in the maturation of mRNA and small nucleolar RNA (snoRNA); Belongs to the PPR family. P subfamily. (576 aa)
DNMT2tRNA (cytosine(38)-C(5))-methyltransferase 2; Specifically methylates cytosine 38 in the anticodon loop of tRNA(Asp) (By similarity). Represses gene expression at transcription level, probably by regulating histone deacetylation and epigenetic regulatory network ; Belongs to the class I-like SAM-binding methyltransferase superfamily. C5-methyltransferase family. (383 aa)
GAF1Protein GAMETOPHYTE DEFECTIVE 1; Probable component of ribonuclease P, a ribonucleoprotein complex that generates mature tRNA molecules by cleaving their 5'-ends (By similarity). May also be a component of the MRP ribonuclease complex, which cleaves pre-rRNA sequences (By similarity). Required for female gametophyte development and male competence. (581 aa)
T26D22.10tRNA pseudouridine synthase. (471 aa)
TAD3tRNA-specific adenosine deaminase TAD3; Involved in RNA editing. Catalyzes the specific deamination of adenosine-34 in several cytosolic tRNA species. Generates inosine at the wobble position of the anticodon loop. (400 aa)
GCP1Probable tRNA N6-adenosine threonylcarbamoyltransferase, mitochondrial; Required for the formation of a threonylcarbamoyl group on adenosine at position 37 (t(6)A37) in mitochondrial tRNAs that read codons beginning with adenine. Probably involved in the transfer of the threonylcarbamoyl moiety of threonylcarbamoyl-AMP (TC-AMP) to the N6 group of A37. Involved in mitochondrial genome maintenance (By similarity). May have a role in embryonic development in plants. Belongs to the KAE1 / TsaD family. (480 aa)
T09D09.13Putative tRNA pseudouridine synthase. (510 aa)
GCP2Probable tRNA N6-adenosine threonylcarbamoyltransferase; Component of the EKC/KEOPS complex that is required for the formation of a threonylcarbamoyl group on adenosine at position 37 (t(6)A37) in tRNAs that read codons beginning with adenine. The complex is probably involved in the transfer of the threonylcarbamoyl moiety of threonylcarbamoyl-AMP (TC-AMP) to the N6 group of A37. Likely plays a direct catalytic role in this reaction, but requires other protein(s) of the complex to fulfill this activity. (353 aa)
CTU2Cytoplasmic tRNA 2-thiolation protein 2; Plays a central role in 2-thiolation of mcm(5)S(2)U at tRNA wobble positions of tRNA(Lys), tRNA(Glu) and tRNA(Gln). May act by forming a heterodimer with NCS6/CTU1 that ligates sulfur from thiocarboxylated URM1 onto the uridine of tRNAs at wobble position. (458 aa)
F4I18.29tRNA (adenine(58)-N(1))-methyltransferase non-catalytic subunit TRM6; Substrate-binding subunit of tRNA (adenine-N1-)- methyltransferase, which catalyzes the formation of N1-methyladenine at position 58 (m1A58) in initiator methionyl-tRNA. (446 aa)
matKMaturase K; Usually encoded in the trnK tRNA gene intron. Probably assists in splicing its own and other chloroplast group II introns. Belongs to the intron maturase 2 family. MatK subfamily. (504 aa)
RNLtRNA ligase 1; Essential component of stress-response pathways entailing repair of RNA breaks with 2',3'-cyclic phosphate and 5'-OH ends. Tri-functional enzyme that repairs RNA breaks with 2',3'-cyclic-PO(4) and 5'-OH ends. The ligation activity requires three sequential enzymatic activities: opening of the 2'3'-cyclic phosphodiester bond of the 5' half-tRNA leaving a 2'-phosphomonoester (CPDase activity), phosphorylation of the 5' terminus of the 3' half- tRNA in the presence of ATP (kinase activity) and ligation of the two tRNA halves in an ATP-dependent reaction (ligase activity). D [...] (1104 aa)
PRORP1Proteinaceous RNase P 1, chloroplastic/mitochondrial; Endonuclease RNase P responsible for the 5' maturation of tRNA precursors. Preferentially cleaves at the unusual cleavage site, but also able to cleave at the classical cleavage site. Also involved in the maturation of mRNAs in mitochondria. (572 aa)
F28K19.23tRNA modification GTPase; Belongs to the TRAFAC class TrmE-Era-EngA-EngB-Septin-like GTPase superfamily. TrmE GTPase family. (560 aa)
PRORP2Proteinaceous RNase P 2; Endonuclease RNase P responsible for the 5' maturation of tRNA precursors. Preferentially binds precursor tRNAs containing short 5' leaders and 3' trailers. Also involved in the maturation of mRNA and small nucleolar RNA (snoRNA) ; Belongs to the PPR family. P subfamily. (528 aa)
EMB1687Probable ribonuclease P/MRP protein subunit POP5; Essential protein required during embryogenesis. Component of ribonuclease P, a protein complex that generates mature tRNA molecules by cleaving their 5'-ends (By similarity). Also a component of RNase MRP (By similarity). (151 aa)
TAD2tRNA-specific adenosine deaminase TAD2; Involved in RNA editing. Catalyzes the specific deamination of adenosine-34 in several cytosolic tRNA species. Generates inosine at the wobble position of the anticodon loop. (182 aa)
F27G19.9tRNA (guanine(37)-N1)-methyltransferase 2; Specifically methylates the N1 position of guanosine-37 in various cytoplasmic and mitochondrial tRNAs. Methylation is not dependent on the nature of the nucleoside 5' of the target nucleoside. This is the first step in the biosynthesis of wybutosine (yW), a modified base adjacent to the anticodon of tRNAs and required for accurate decoding; Belongs to the class I-like SAM-binding methyltransferase superfamily. TRM5/TYW2 family. (619 aa)
PSDExportin-T; Probable tRNA nucleus export receptor which regulates tRNA processing and facilitates tRNA translocation across the nuclear pore complex. Is required for proper activity of the shoot apical meristem (SAM) and correct leaf initiation at different developmental stages, and may play a role in floral patterning; Belongs to the exportin family. (988 aa)
T15N1.90tRNA (adenine(58)-N(1))-methyltransferase. (318 aa)
F7J8.210Putative tRNA (cytidine(32)/guanosine(34)-2'-O)-methyltransferase; Methylates the 2'-O-ribose of nucleotides at positions 32 and 34 of the tRNA anticodon loop of substrate tRNAs. (309 aa)
F6A4_50tRNA (guanine-N(7)-)-methyltransferase; Catalyzes the formation of N(7)-methylguanine at position 46 (m7G46) in tRNA; Belongs to the class I-like SAM-binding methyltransferase superfamily. TrmB family. (251 aa)
PNP1Polyribonucleotide nucleotidyltransferase 1, chloroplastic; Involved in the metabolism of all major classes of plastid RNAs. Required for efficient 3'-end processing of mRNAs and 3'-end maturation of rRNA transcripts, but is not sufficient to mediate their degradation. Mediates tRNA degradation. May function as a poly(A) mRNA 3'-5' degrading phosphorylase. May be required for plastid ribosome assembly and non-coding RNA biogenesis and accumulation. Seems not required for efficient translation. Belongs to the polyribonucleotide nucleotidyltransferase family. (922 aa)
TRZ2tRNase Z TRZ2, chloroplastic; Zinc phosphodiesterase, which displays tRNA 3'-processing endonuclease activity. Involved in tRNA maturation, by removing a 3'- trailer from precursor tRNA. (354 aa)
ELP6Elongator complex protein 6; Component of the RNA polymerase II elongator complex, a multiprotein complex associated with the RNA polymerase II (Pol II) holoenzyme, and which is involved in transcriptional elongation. The elongator complex catalyzes formation of carboxymethyluridine in the wobble base at position 34 in tRNAs (By similarity). Promotes organs development by modulating cell division rate. Involved in oxidative stress signaling. Prevents anthocyanins accumulation. Belongs to the ELP6 family. (262 aa)
TRZ1tRNase Z TRZ1; Zinc phosphodiesterase, which displays tRNA 3'-processing endonuclease activity. Involved in tRNA maturation, by removing a 3'-trailer from precursor tRNA. Can use bis-(p-nitophenyl) phosphate (bpNPP) as substrate. Involved in the processing of small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs). (280 aa)
TYW1S-adenosyl-L-methionine-dependent tRNA 4-demethylwyosine synthase; Probable component of the wybutosine biosynthesis pathway. Wybutosine is a hyper modified guanosine with a tricyclic base found at the 3'-position adjacent to the anticodon of eukaryotic phenylalanine tRNA. Catalyzes the condensation of N-methylguanine with 2 carbon atoms from pyruvate to form the tricyclic 4-demethylwyosine, an intermediate in wybutosine biosynthesis (By similarity); Belongs to the TYW1 family. (647 aa)
TRZ3tRNase Z TRZ3, mitochondrial; Zinc phosphodiesterase, which displays tRNA 3'-processing endonuclease activity. Involved in tRNA maturation, by removing a 3'-trailer from precursor tRNA. Can process the mitochondrial tRNA-like structures (t-elements). Involved in the processing of small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs). (890 aa)
T19J18.2tRNA wybutosine-synthesizing protein 2 homolog; S-adenosyl-L-methionine-dependent transferase that acts as a component of the wybutosine biosynthesis pathway. Wybutosine is a hyper modified guanosine with a tricyclic base found at the 3'-position adjacent to the anticodon of eukaryotic phenylalanine tRNA (By similarity); In the C-terminal section; belongs to the class I-like SAM- binding methyltransferase superfamily. TRM5/TYW2 family. (995 aa)
TRM82tRNA (guanine-N(7)-)-methyltransferase non-catalytic subunit; Required for the formation of N(7)-methylguanine at position 46 (m7G46) in tRNA. In the complex, it is required to stabilize and induce conformational changes of the catalytic subunit. Belongs to the WD repeat TRM82 family. (427 aa)
F18O21_80tRNA (guanine(37)-N1)-methyltransferase 1; Specifically methylates the N1 position of guanosine-37 in various cytoplasmic and mitochondrial tRNAs. Methylation is not dependent on the nature of the nucleoside 5' of the target nucleoside. This is the first step in the biosynthesis of wybutosine (yW), a modified base adjacent to the anticodon of tRNAs and required for accurate decoding; Belongs to the class I-like SAM-binding methyltransferase superfamily. TRM5/TYW2 family. (468 aa)
HAG3Elongator complex protein 3; Catalytic tRNA acetyltransferase subunit of the RNA polymerase II elongator complex, which is a component of the RNA polymerase II (Pol II) holoenzyme and is involved in transcriptional elongation. Involved in tRNA wobble uridine modification. In the elongator complex, acts as a tRNA uridine(34) acetyltransferase by mediating formation of carboxymethyluridine in the wobble base at position 34 in tRNAs (By similarity). Promotes organs development by modulating cell division rate. Required for auxin distribution or signaling. Required for meristem cell cycle [...] (565 aa)
IPT9tRNA dimethylallyltransferase 9; Catalyzes the transfer of a dimethylallyl group onto the adenine at position 37 in tRNAs that read codons beginning with uridine, leading to the formation of N6-(dimethylallyl)adenosine (i(6)A). Involved in the cis-type cytokinin biosynthesis. Belongs to the IPP transferase family. (463 aa)
ELP4Elongator complex protein 4; Component of the RNA polymerase II elongator complex, a multiprotein complex associated with the RNA polymerase II (Pol II) holoenzyme, and which is involved in transcriptional elongation (By similarity). The elongator complex catalyzes formation of carboxymethyluridine in the wobble base at position 34 in tRNAs (By similarity). Promotes organs development by modulating cell division rate. May regulate mechanisms producing carbon assimilates or importing sucrose. Involved in the repression of the abscisic acid (ABA) signaling pathway during seed germination [...] (355 aa)
K16F13.5tRNA-dihydrouridine synthase; Catalyzes the synthesis of dihydrouridine, a modified base found in the D-loop of most tRNAs; Belongs to the dus family. (387 aa)
ELP1-2Elongator complex protein 1; Component of the RNA polymerase II elongator complex, a multiprotein complex associated with the RNA polymerase II (Pol II) holoenzyme, and which is involved in transcriptional elongation (By similarity). The elongator complex catalyzes formation of carboxymethyluridine in the wobble base at position 34 in tRNAs (By similarity). Promotes organs development by modulating cell division rate. Required for auxin distribution or signaling. Prevents abscisic acid (ABA) signaling leading to stomatal closure and seedling growth inhibition. Involved in oxidative str [...] (1319 aa)
F14F8_190Probable tRNA (guanine(26)-N(2))-dimethyltransferase 1; Dimethylates a single guanine residue at position 26 of most tRNAs using S-adenosyl-L-methionine as donor of the methyl groups. Belongs to the class I-like SAM-binding methyltransferase superfamily. Trm1 family. (593 aa)
KTI12Protein KTI12 homolog; Elongator-associated factor that is not a structural subunit but rather transiently contacts Elongator, presumably to promote its interaction with elongation competent pol II. Regulates both meristem activity and organ growth; acts as a positive regulator of adaxial leaf patterning by modulating both cell division and differentiation. Required for an early step in synthesis of 5-carbamoylmethyl (ncm5) groups present on uridines (ncm5U) at the wobble position in tRNA. Belongs to the KTI12 family. (302 aa)
SEN2tRNA-splicing endonuclease subunit Sen2-2; Constitutes one of the two catalytic subunit of the tRNA- splicing endonuclease complex, a complex responsible for identification and cleavage of the splice sites in pre-tRNA. It cleaves pre-tRNA at the 5'- and 3'-splice sites to release the intron. The products are an intron and two tRNA half-molecules bearing 2',3'-cyclic phosphate and 5'-OH termini. There are no conserved sequences at the splice sites, but the intron is invariably located at the same site in the gene, placing the splice sites an invariant distance from the constant structur [...] (250 aa)
F18O21_290tRNA (guanine(26)-N(2))-dimethyltransferase. (433 aa)
SEN1tRNA-splicing endonuclease subunit Sen2-1; Constitutes one of the two catalytic subunit of the tRNA- splicing endonuclease complex, a complex responsible for identification and cleavage of the splice sites in pre-tRNA. It cleaves pre-tRNA at the 5'- and 3'-splice sites to release the intron. The products are an intron and two tRNA half-molecules bearing 2',3'-cyclic phosphate and 5'-OH termini. There are no conserved sequences at the splice sites, but the intron is invariably located at the same site in the gene, placing the splice sites an invariant distance from the constant structur [...] (237 aa)
T10K17.150RNA cytidine acetyltransferase 2; RNA cytidine acetyltransferase with specificity toward both 18S rRNA and tRNAs. Catalyzes the formation of N(4)-acetylcytidine (ac4C) in 18S rRNA. Required for early nucleolar cleavages of precursor rRNA at sites A0, A1 and A2 during 18S rRNA synthesis. Catalyzes the formation of ac4C in serine and leucine tRNAs. Requires a tRNA-binding adapter protein for full tRNA acetyltransferase activity but not for 18S rRNA acetylation. (1028 aa)
PNP2Polyribonucleotide nucleotidyltransferase 2, mitochondrial; Involved in the 3'-end maturation of mitochondrial mRNAs, rRNAs and tRNAs. Functions as a poly(A) mRNA 3'-5' degrading phosphorylase and is required for the degradation of highly expressed transcripts of non-coding regions; Belongs to the polyribonucleotide nucleotidyltransferase family. (991 aa)
TADAtRNA(adenine(34)) deaminase, chloroplastic; Deaminates adenosines to inosines in tRNA-Arg(ACG). Exclusively involved in A-to-I editing of the prokaryote-type chloroplast-tRNA and not involved in C-to-U editing. Belongs to the cytidine and deoxycytidylate deaminase family. (1307 aa)
F11A12.1Probable tRNA (guanine(26)-N(2))-dimethyltransferase 2; Dimethylates a single guanine residue at position 26 of most tRNAs using S-adenosyl-L-methionine as donor of the methyl groups. Belongs to the class I-like SAM-binding methyltransferase superfamily. Trm1 family. (589 aa)
F19H22.4tRNA-dihydrouridine(47) synthase [NAD(P)(+)]-like; Catalyzes the synthesis of dihydrouridine, a modified base found in the D-loop of most tRNAs; Belongs to the Dus family. Dus3 subfamily. (691 aa)
T10O24.10RNA cytidine acetyltransferase 1; RNA cytidine acetyltransferase with specificity toward both 18S rRNA and tRNAs. Catalyzes the formation of N(4)-acetylcytidine (ac4C) in 18S rRNA. Required for early nucleolar cleavages of precursor rRNA at sites A0, A1 and A2 during 18S rRNA synthesis. Catalyzes the formation of ac4C in serine and leucine tRNAs. Requires a tRNA-binding adapter protein for full tRNA acetyltransferase activity but not for 18S rRNA acetylation. (1028 aa)
MOCS3Adenylyltransferase and sulfurtransferase MOCS3; Plays a central role in 2-thiolation of mcm(5)S(2)U at tRNA wobble positions of cytosolic tRNA(Lys), tRNA(Glu) and tRNA(Gln). Also essential during biosynthesis of the molybdenum cofactor. Acts by mediating the C-terminal thiocarboxylation of sulfur carriers URM1 and MOCS2A. Its N-terminus first activates URM1 and MOCS2A as acyl- adenylates (-COAMP), then the persulfide sulfur on the catalytic cysteine is transferred to URM1 and MOCS2A to form thiocarboxylation (- COSH) of their C-terminus. The reaction probably involves hydrogen sulfide [...] (464 aa)
IPT2tRNA dimethylallyltransferase 2; Catalyzes the transfer of a dimethylallyl group onto the adenine at position 37 in tRNAs that read codons beginning with uridine, leading to the formation of N6-(dimethylallyl)adenosine (i(6)A). Involved in the cis-type cytokinin biosynthesis. (466 aa)
POP4Ribonuclease P protein subunit p29; Component of ribonuclease P, a ribonucleoprotein complex that generates mature tRNA molecules by cleaving their 5'-ends. (296 aa)
Your Current Organism:
Arabidopsis thaliana
NCBI taxonomy Id: 3702
Other names: A. thaliana, Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh., mouse-ear cress, thale cress, thale-cress
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