Ammonium transporter 1 member 1; High affinity ammonium transporter probably involved in ammonium uptake from the soil, long-distance transport to the shoots and re-uptake of apoplastic ammonium that derives from photorespiration in shoots. Contributes with AMT1-3 to the overall ammonium uptake capacity in roots under nitrogen-deficiency conditions. Belongs to the ammonia transporter channel (TC 1.A.11.2) family.

Ammonium transporter 2; High affinity ammonium transporter that may play an important role in moving ammonium between the apoplast and symplast of cells throughout the plant. Does not transport methylammonium. Belongs to the ammonia transporter channel (TC 1.A.11.2) family.

Ammonium transporter 2; High affinity ammonium transporter that may play an important role in moving ammonium between the apoplast and symplast of cells throughout the plant. Does not transport methylammonium. Belongs to the ammonia transporter channel (TC 1.A.11.2) family.

Ammonium transporter 1 member 1; High affinity ammonium transporter probably involved in ammonium uptake from the soil, long-distance transport to the shoots and re-uptake of apoplastic ammonium that derives from photorespiration in shoots. Contributes with AMT1-3 to the overall ammonium uptake capacity in roots under nitrogen-deficiency conditions. Belongs to the ammonia transporter channel (TC 1.A.11.2) family.

Auxin transporter protein 1; Carrier protein involved in proton-driven auxin influx. Mediates the formation of auxin gradient from developing leaves (site of auxin biosynthesis) to tips by contributing to the loading of auxin in vascular tissues and facilitating acropetal (base to tip) auxin transport within inner tissues of the root apex, and basipetal (tip to base) auxin transport within outer tissues of the root apex. Unloads auxin from the mature phloem to deliver the hormone to the root meristem via the protophloem cell files. Coordinated subcellular localization of AUX1 is regula [...]

NEDD8-activating enzyme E1 regulatory subunit AXR1; Regulatory subunit of the dimeric ECR1-AXR1 E1 enzyme. E1 activates RUB1/NEDD8 by first adenylating its C-terminal glycine residue with ATP, thereafter linking this residue to the side chain of the catalytic cysteine, yielding a RUB1-ECR1 thioester and free AMP. E1 finally transfers RUB1 to the catalytic cysteine of RCE1. Plays an important role in auxin response. Regulates the chromosomal localization of meiotic recombination by crossovers (COs) and subsequent synapsis, probably through the activation of a CRL4 complex. Required for [...]

Auxin transporter protein 1; Carrier protein involved in proton-driven auxin influx. Mediates the formation of auxin gradient from developing leaves (site of auxin biosynthesis) to tips by contributing to the loading of auxin in vascular tissues and facilitating acropetal (base to tip) auxin transport within inner tissues of the root apex, and basipetal (tip to base) auxin transport within outer tissues of the root apex. Unloads auxin from the mature phloem to deliver the hormone to the root meristem via the protophloem cell files. Coordinated subcellular localization of AUX1 is regula [...]

Auxin-responsive protein IAA7; Aux/IAA proteins are short-lived transcriptional factors that function as repressors of early auxin response genes at low auxin concentrations. Repression is thought to result from the interaction with auxin response factors (ARFs), proteins that bind to the auxin- responsive promoter element (AuxRE). Formation of heterodimers with ARF proteins may alter their ability to modulate early auxin response genes expression.

NEDD8-activating enzyme E1 regulatory subunit AXR1; Regulatory subunit of the dimeric ECR1-AXR1 E1 enzyme. E1 activates RUB1/NEDD8 by first adenylating its C-terminal glycine residue with ATP, thereafter linking this residue to the side chain of the catalytic cysteine, yielding a RUB1-ECR1 thioester and free AMP. E1 finally transfers RUB1 to the catalytic cysteine of RCE1. Plays an important role in auxin response. Regulates the chromosomal localization of meiotic recombination by crossovers (COs) and subsequent synapsis, probably through the activation of a CRL4 complex. Required for [...]

Auxin transporter protein 1; Carrier protein involved in proton-driven auxin influx. Mediates the formation of auxin gradient from developing leaves (site of auxin biosynthesis) to tips by contributing to the loading of auxin in vascular tissues and facilitating acropetal (base to tip) auxin transport within inner tissues of the root apex, and basipetal (tip to base) auxin transport within outer tissues of the root apex. Unloads auxin from the mature phloem to deliver the hormone to the root meristem via the protophloem cell files. Coordinated subcellular localization of AUX1 is regula [...]

NEDD8-activating enzyme E1 regulatory subunit AXR1; Regulatory subunit of the dimeric ECR1-AXR1 E1 enzyme. E1 activates RUB1/NEDD8 by first adenylating its C-terminal glycine residue with ATP, thereafter linking this residue to the side chain of the catalytic cysteine, yielding a RUB1-ECR1 thioester and free AMP. E1 finally transfers RUB1 to the catalytic cysteine of RCE1. Plays an important role in auxin response. Regulates the chromosomal localization of meiotic recombination by crossovers (COs) and subsequent synapsis, probably through the activation of a CRL4 complex. Required for [...]

Auxin-responsive protein IAA7; Aux/IAA proteins are short-lived transcriptional factors that function as repressors of early auxin response genes at low auxin concentrations. Repression is thought to result from the interaction with auxin response factors (ARFs), proteins that bind to the auxin- responsive promoter element (AuxRE). Formation of heterodimers with ARF proteins may alter their ability to modulate early auxin response genes expression.

Mannose-1-phosphate guanylyltransferase 1; Catalyzes a reaction of the Smirnoff-Wheeler pathway, the major route to ascorbate biosynthesis in plants. Plays an essential role in plant growth and development and cell-wall architecture. Provides GDP-mannose, used for cell wall carbohydrate biosynthesis, protein N-glycosylation, as well as for the biosynthesis of the antioxidant ascorbate.

L-galactono-1,4-lactone dehydrogenase, mitochondrial; Involved in the biosynthesis of ascorbic acid. Required for the accumulation of respiratory complex I. Uses L-galactono-1,4-lactone and L-gulono-1,4-lactone as substrates, but not D-galactono-1,4- lactone, D-gulono-1,4-lactone, L-mannono-1,4-lactone or D-galactonic acid. Also active with phenazine methosulfate and 1,4-benzoquinone as electron acceptors.

Mannose-1-phosphate guanylyltransferase 1; Catalyzes a reaction of the Smirnoff-Wheeler pathway, the major route to ascorbate biosynthesis in plants. Plays an essential role in plant growth and development and cell-wall architecture. Provides GDP-mannose, used for cell wall carbohydrate biosynthesis, protein N-glycosylation, as well as for the biosynthesis of the antioxidant ascorbate.

L-galactose dehydrogenase; Catalyzes the oxidation of L-galactose to L-galactono-1,4- lactone in the presence of NAD(+). Uses NAD(+) as a hydrogen acceptor much more efficiently than NADP(+); Belongs to the aldo/keto reductase family.

Mannose-1-phosphate guanylyltransferase 1; Catalyzes a reaction of the Smirnoff-Wheeler pathway, the major route to ascorbate biosynthesis in plants. Plays an essential role in plant growth and development and cell-wall architecture. Provides GDP-mannose, used for cell wall carbohydrate biosynthesis, protein N-glycosylation, as well as for the biosynthesis of the antioxidant ascorbate.

GDP-L-galactose phosphorylase 1; Catalyzes a reaction of the Smirnoff-Wheeler pathway, the major route to ascorbate biosynthesis in plants. Acts as a phosphorylase rather than as a transferase. Uses preferentially GDP-L- galactose and GDP-D-glucose as substrates. Lower activity with GDP-L- fucose, very low activity with GDP-D-mannose, and no activity with UDP- D-glucose, UDP-D-galactose or ADP-D-glucose. Highly specific for inorganic phosphate as the guanylyl acceptor.

Mannose-1-phosphate guanylyltransferase 1; Catalyzes a reaction of the Smirnoff-Wheeler pathway, the major route to ascorbate biosynthesis in plants. Plays an essential role in plant growth and development and cell-wall architecture. Provides GDP-mannose, used for cell wall carbohydrate biosynthesis, protein N-glycosylation, as well as for the biosynthesis of the antioxidant ascorbate.

Inositol-phosphate phosphatase; Phosphatase acting on L-galactose 1-phosphate (L-Gal 1-P), D- myoinositol 3-phosphate (D-Ins 3-P) and D-myoinositol 1-phosphate (D- Ins 1-P). Can also use beta-glycerophosphate (glycerol 2-P) and, to a lesser extent, D-galactose 1-phosphate (D-Gal 1-P), alpha-D-glucose 1- phosphate (a-D-Glc 1-P), D-manitol 1-phosphate and adenosine 2'- monophosphate as substrates. No activity with D-fructose 1-phosphate (D-Fru 1-P), fructose 1,6-bisphosphate (Fru 1,6-bisP), D-glucose 6- phosphate (D-Glc 6-P), D-alpha-glycerophosphate (glycerol 3-P), D- sorbitol 6-phospha [...]

Mannose-1-phosphate guanylyltransferase 1; Catalyzes a reaction of the Smirnoff-Wheeler pathway, the major route to ascorbate biosynthesis in plants. Plays an essential role in plant growth and development and cell-wall architecture. Provides GDP-mannose, used for cell wall carbohydrate biosynthesis, protein N-glycosylation, as well as for the biosynthesis of the antioxidant ascorbate.

GDP-L-galactose phosphorylase 2; Catalyzes a reaction of the Smirnoff-Wheeler pathway, the major route to ascorbate biosynthesis in plants. Acts as a phosphorylase rather than as a transferase. Uses preferentially GDP-L- galactose and GDP-D-glucose as substrates. Lower activity with GDP-L- fucose, very low activity with GDP-D-mannose, and no activity with UDP- D-glucose, UDP-D-galactose or ADP-D-glucose. Highly specific for inorganic phosphate as the guanylyl acceptor.

L-galactono-1,4-lactone dehydrogenase, mitochondrial; Involved in the biosynthesis of ascorbic acid. Required for the accumulation of respiratory complex I. Uses L-galactono-1,4-lactone and L-gulono-1,4-lactone as substrates, but not D-galactono-1,4- lactone, D-gulono-1,4-lactone, L-mannono-1,4-lactone or D-galactonic acid. Also active with phenazine methosulfate and 1,4-benzoquinone as electron acceptors.

Mannose-1-phosphate guanylyltransferase 1; Catalyzes a reaction of the Smirnoff-Wheeler pathway, the major route to ascorbate biosynthesis in plants. Plays an essential role in plant growth and development and cell-wall architecture. Provides GDP-mannose, used for cell wall carbohydrate biosynthesis, protein N-glycosylation, as well as for the biosynthesis of the antioxidant ascorbate.

L-galactono-1,4-lactone dehydrogenase, mitochondrial; Involved in the biosynthesis of ascorbic acid. Required for the accumulation of respiratory complex I. Uses L-galactono-1,4-lactone and L-gulono-1,4-lactone as substrates, but not D-galactono-1,4- lactone, D-gulono-1,4-lactone, L-mannono-1,4-lactone or D-galactonic acid. Also active with phenazine methosulfate and 1,4-benzoquinone as electron acceptors.

L-galactose dehydrogenase; Catalyzes the oxidation of L-galactose to L-galactono-1,4- lactone in the presence of NAD(+). Uses NAD(+) as a hydrogen acceptor much more efficiently than NADP(+); Belongs to the aldo/keto reductase family.

L-galactono-1,4-lactone dehydrogenase, mitochondrial; Involved in the biosynthesis of ascorbic acid. Required for the accumulation of respiratory complex I. Uses L-galactono-1,4-lactone and L-gulono-1,4-lactone as substrates, but not D-galactono-1,4- lactone, D-gulono-1,4-lactone, L-mannono-1,4-lactone or D-galactonic acid. Also active with phenazine methosulfate and 1,4-benzoquinone as electron acceptors.

GDP-L-galactose phosphorylase 1; Catalyzes a reaction of the Smirnoff-Wheeler pathway, the major route to ascorbate biosynthesis in plants. Acts as a phosphorylase rather than as a transferase. Uses preferentially GDP-L- galactose and GDP-D-glucose as substrates. Lower activity with GDP-L- fucose, very low activity with GDP-D-mannose, and no activity with UDP- D-glucose, UDP-D-galactose or ADP-D-glucose. Highly specific for inorganic phosphate as the guanylyl acceptor.

L-galactono-1,4-lactone dehydrogenase, mitochondrial; Involved in the biosynthesis of ascorbic acid. Required for the accumulation of respiratory complex I. Uses L-galactono-1,4-lactone and L-gulono-1,4-lactone as substrates, but not D-galactono-1,4- lactone, D-gulono-1,4-lactone, L-mannono-1,4-lactone or D-galactonic acid. Also active with phenazine methosulfate and 1,4-benzoquinone as electron acceptors.

Inositol-phosphate phosphatase; Phosphatase acting on L-galactose 1-phosphate (L-Gal 1-P), D- myoinositol 3-phosphate (D-Ins 3-P) and D-myoinositol 1-phosphate (D- Ins 1-P). Can also use beta-glycerophosphate (glycerol 2-P) and, to a lesser extent, D-galactose 1-phosphate (D-Gal 1-P), alpha-D-glucose 1- phosphate (a-D-Glc 1-P), D-manitol 1-phosphate and adenosine 2'- monophosphate as substrates. No activity with D-fructose 1-phosphate (D-Fru 1-P), fructose 1,6-bisphosphate (Fru 1,6-bisP), D-glucose 6- phosphate (D-Glc 6-P), D-alpha-glycerophosphate (glycerol 3-P), D- sorbitol 6-phospha [...]

L-galactono-1,4-lactone dehydrogenase, mitochondrial; Involved in the biosynthesis of ascorbic acid. Required for the accumulation of respiratory complex I. Uses L-galactono-1,4-lactone and L-gulono-1,4-lactone as substrates, but not D-galactono-1,4- lactone, D-gulono-1,4-lactone, L-mannono-1,4-lactone or D-galactonic acid. Also active with phenazine methosulfate and 1,4-benzoquinone as electron acceptors.

GDP-L-galactose phosphorylase 2; Catalyzes a reaction of the Smirnoff-Wheeler pathway, the major route to ascorbate biosynthesis in plants. Acts as a phosphorylase rather than as a transferase. Uses preferentially GDP-L- galactose and GDP-D-glucose as substrates. Lower activity with GDP-L- fucose, very low activity with GDP-D-mannose, and no activity with UDP- D-glucose, UDP-D-galactose or ADP-D-glucose. Highly specific for inorganic phosphate as the guanylyl acceptor.

Auxin-responsive protein IAA7; Aux/IAA proteins are short-lived transcriptional factors that function as repressors of early auxin response genes at low auxin concentrations. Repression is thought to result from the interaction with auxin response factors (ARFs), proteins that bind to the auxin- responsive promoter element (AuxRE). Formation of heterodimers with ARF proteins may alter their ability to modulate early auxin response genes expression.

Auxin transporter protein 1; Carrier protein involved in proton-driven auxin influx. Mediates the formation of auxin gradient from developing leaves (site of auxin biosynthesis) to tips by contributing to the loading of auxin in vascular tissues and facilitating acropetal (base to tip) auxin transport within inner tissues of the root apex, and basipetal (tip to base) auxin transport within outer tissues of the root apex. Unloads auxin from the mature phloem to deliver the hormone to the root meristem via the protophloem cell files. Coordinated subcellular localization of AUX1 is regula [...]

Auxin-responsive protein IAA7; Aux/IAA proteins are short-lived transcriptional factors that function as repressors of early auxin response genes at low auxin concentrations. Repression is thought to result from the interaction with auxin response factors (ARFs), proteins that bind to the auxin- responsive promoter element (AuxRE). Formation of heterodimers with ARF proteins may alter their ability to modulate early auxin response genes expression.

NEDD8-activating enzyme E1 regulatory subunit AXR1; Regulatory subunit of the dimeric ECR1-AXR1 E1 enzyme. E1 activates RUB1/NEDD8 by first adenylating its C-terminal glycine residue with ATP, thereafter linking this residue to the side chain of the catalytic cysteine, yielding a RUB1-ECR1 thioester and free AMP. E1 finally transfers RUB1 to the catalytic cysteine of RCE1. Plays an important role in auxin response. Regulates the chromosomal localization of meiotic recombination by crossovers (COs) and subsequent synapsis, probably through the activation of a CRL4 complex. Required for [...]

L-galactose dehydrogenase; Catalyzes the oxidation of L-galactose to L-galactono-1,4- lactone in the presence of NAD(+). Uses NAD(+) as a hydrogen acceptor much more efficiently than NADP(+); Belongs to the aldo/keto reductase family.

Mannose-1-phosphate guanylyltransferase 1; Catalyzes a reaction of the Smirnoff-Wheeler pathway, the major route to ascorbate biosynthesis in plants. Plays an essential role in plant growth and development and cell-wall architecture. Provides GDP-mannose, used for cell wall carbohydrate biosynthesis, protein N-glycosylation, as well as for the biosynthesis of the antioxidant ascorbate.

L-galactose dehydrogenase; Catalyzes the oxidation of L-galactose to L-galactono-1,4- lactone in the presence of NAD(+). Uses NAD(+) as a hydrogen acceptor much more efficiently than NADP(+); Belongs to the aldo/keto reductase family.

L-galactono-1,4-lactone dehydrogenase, mitochondrial; Involved in the biosynthesis of ascorbic acid. Required for the accumulation of respiratory complex I. Uses L-galactono-1,4-lactone and L-gulono-1,4-lactone as substrates, but not D-galactono-1,4- lactone, D-gulono-1,4-lactone, L-mannono-1,4-lactone or D-galactonic acid. Also active with phenazine methosulfate and 1,4-benzoquinone as electron acceptors.