Auxin transport protein BIG; Required for auxin efflux and polar auxin transport (PAT) influencing auxin-mediated developmental responses (e.g. cell elongation, apical dominance, lateral root production, inflorescence architecture, general growth and development). Controls the elongation of the pedicels and stem internodes through auxin action. Involved in the expression modulation of light-regulated genes. Represses CAB1 and CAB3 genes expression in etiolated seedlings. Confers sensitivity to the auxin transport inhibitors N-1-naphthylphthalamic acid (NPA), 2- carboxyphenyl-3-phenylpr [...]

Nuclear pore complex protein NUP88; Involved in the regulation of exportin-mediated nuclear protein export. Required for resistance mediated by multiple R proteins and for the appropriate nuclear accumulation of SNC1 and of the downstream defense signaling components EDS1 and NPR1. Not involved in salt tolerance, ethylene and auxin responses, but required for systemic acquired resistance.

Auxin transport protein BIG; Required for auxin efflux and polar auxin transport (PAT) influencing auxin-mediated developmental responses (e.g. cell elongation, apical dominance, lateral root production, inflorescence architecture, general growth and development). Controls the elongation of the pedicels and stem internodes through auxin action. Involved in the expression modulation of light-regulated genes. Represses CAB1 and CAB3 genes expression in etiolated seedlings. Confers sensitivity to the auxin transport inhibitors N-1-naphthylphthalamic acid (NPA), 2- carboxyphenyl-3-phenylpr [...]

Toll/interleukin-1 receptor-like protein; Disease resistance protein. Resistance proteins guard the plant against pathogens that contain an appropriate avirulence protein via a direct or indirect interaction with this avirulence protein. That triggers a defense system including the hypersensitive response, which restricts the pathogen growth (By similarity).

Basic leucine zipper 10; Transcription factor that binds to the C-box-like motif (5'- TGCTGACGTCA-3') and G-box-like motif (5'-CCACGTGGCC-3'), ABRE elements, of gene promoters. Binds to the 5'-ACGT-3' motif of seed storage protein (SSP) encoding gene promoters (e.g. At2S and CRU3) and promotes their expression in seeds when in complex with ABI3 and BZIP53. Involved in the defense responses to the biotrophic pathogen Hyaloperonospora parasitica and oxidative stress responses; mediates positively cell death. Promotes BZIP53-mediated response to hypoosmolarity stress that leads to POX1/PR [...]

Regulatory protein NPR1; May act as a substrate-specific adapter of an E3 ubiquitin- protein ligase complex (CUL3-RBX1-BTB) which mediates the ubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation of target proteins (By similarity). Key positive regulator of the SA-dependent signaling pathway that negatively regulates JA-dependent signaling pathway. Mediates the binding of TGA factors to the as-1 motif found in the pathogenesis-related PR-1 gene, leading to the transcriptional regulation of the gene defense. Controls the onset of systemic acquired resistance (SAR). Upon SAR induction, [...]

Calmodulin-binding protein 60 G; Transcription activator that binds DNA in a sequence-specific manner, 5'-GAAATTTTGG-3', to promote the expression of target genes. Recruited to the promoter of ICS1 and other defense-related genes (e.g. PR1, PR2 and EDS5) in response to both biotic (e.g. Pseudomonas syringae pv. maculicola ES4326, P. syringae pv. tomato DC3000, and microbe- associated molecular patterns (MAMPs) such as flg22) and abiotic stresses (e.g. UV-B, drought and abscisic acid), thus triggering rapid defense responses by stimulating salicylic acid (SA) biosynthesis. Involved in b [...]

Protein EDS1; Positive regulator of basal resistance and of effector- triggered immunity specifically mediated by TIR-NB-LRR (TNL) resistance proteins. Disruption by bacterial effector of EDS1-TIR-NB-LRR resistance protein interactions constitutes the first step in resistance activation. Acts redundantly with salicylic acid to regulate resistance gene-mediated signaling. Triggers early plant defenses and hypersensitive response independently of PAD4, and then recruits PAD4 to potentiate plant defenses through the accumulation of salicylic acid. Nuclear localization is essential for bas [...]

Calmodulin-binding protein 60 G; Transcription activator that binds DNA in a sequence-specific manner, 5'-GAAATTTTGG-3', to promote the expression of target genes. Recruited to the promoter of ICS1 and other defense-related genes (e.g. PR1, PR2 and EDS5) in response to both biotic (e.g. Pseudomonas syringae pv. maculicola ES4326, P. syringae pv. tomato DC3000, and microbe- associated molecular patterns (MAMPs) such as flg22) and abiotic stresses (e.g. UV-B, drought and abscisic acid), thus triggering rapid defense responses by stimulating salicylic acid (SA) biosynthesis. Involved in b [...]

Probable flavin-containing monooxygenase 1; Required for the establishment of systemic acquired resistance (SAR). Not involved in local defense mechanisms. Confers a salicylic acid-dependent (SA) resistance to virulent pathogens such as P.syringae pv tomato and H.parasitica.

Calmodulin-binding protein 60 G; Transcription activator that binds DNA in a sequence-specific manner, 5'-GAAATTTTGG-3', to promote the expression of target genes. Recruited to the promoter of ICS1 and other defense-related genes (e.g. PR1, PR2 and EDS5) in response to both biotic (e.g. Pseudomonas syringae pv. maculicola ES4326, P. syringae pv. tomato DC3000, and microbe- associated molecular patterns (MAMPs) such as flg22) and abiotic stresses (e.g. UV-B, drought and abscisic acid), thus triggering rapid defense responses by stimulating salicylic acid (SA) biosynthesis. Involved in b [...]

4-substituted benzoates-glutamate ligase GH3.12; Catalyzes the conjugation of specific amino acids (e.g. Glu and possibly His, Lys, and Met) to their preferred acyl substrates (e.g. 4-substituted benzoates), in a magnesium ion- and ATP-dependent manner. Can use 4-substituted benzoates such as 4-aminobenzoate (pABA), 4-fluorobenzoate and 4-hydroxybenzoate (4-HBA), and, to a lesser extent, benzoate, vanillate and trans-cinnamate, but not 2-substituted benzoates and salicylic acid (SA), as conjugating acyl substrates. Involved in both basal and induced resistance in a SA-dependent manner. [...]

Calmodulin-binding protein 60 G; Transcription activator that binds DNA in a sequence-specific manner, 5'-GAAATTTTGG-3', to promote the expression of target genes. Recruited to the promoter of ICS1 and other defense-related genes (e.g. PR1, PR2 and EDS5) in response to both biotic (e.g. Pseudomonas syringae pv. maculicola ES4326, P. syringae pv. tomato DC3000, and microbe- associated molecular patterns (MAMPs) such as flg22) and abiotic stresses (e.g. UV-B, drought and abscisic acid), thus triggering rapid defense responses by stimulating salicylic acid (SA) biosynthesis. Involved in b [...]

Isochorismate synthase 1, chloroplastic; Involved in the synthesis of salicylic acid (SA) required for both local and systemic acquired resistance (LAR and SAR) while SA synthesized through the phenylalanine ammonium lyase (PAL) pathway seems to potentiate plant cell death. Also involved in phylloquinone (vitamin K1) synthesis. Has no isochorismate pyruvate lyase (IPL) activity.

Calmodulin-binding protein 60 G; Transcription activator that binds DNA in a sequence-specific manner, 5'-GAAATTTTGG-3', to promote the expression of target genes. Recruited to the promoter of ICS1 and other defense-related genes (e.g. PR1, PR2 and EDS5) in response to both biotic (e.g. Pseudomonas syringae pv. maculicola ES4326, P. syringae pv. tomato DC3000, and microbe- associated molecular patterns (MAMPs) such as flg22) and abiotic stresses (e.g. UV-B, drought and abscisic acid), thus triggering rapid defense responses by stimulating salicylic acid (SA) biosynthesis. Involved in b [...]

Regulatory protein NPR1; May act as a substrate-specific adapter of an E3 ubiquitin- protein ligase complex (CUL3-RBX1-BTB) which mediates the ubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation of target proteins (By similarity). Key positive regulator of the SA-dependent signaling pathway that negatively regulates JA-dependent signaling pathway. Mediates the binding of TGA factors to the as-1 motif found in the pathogenesis-related PR-1 gene, leading to the transcriptional regulation of the gene defense. Controls the onset of systemic acquired resistance (SAR). Upon SAR induction, [...]

Calmodulin-binding protein 60 G; Transcription activator that binds DNA in a sequence-specific manner, 5'-GAAATTTTGG-3', to promote the expression of target genes. Recruited to the promoter of ICS1 and other defense-related genes (e.g. PR1, PR2 and EDS5) in response to both biotic (e.g. Pseudomonas syringae pv. maculicola ES4326, P. syringae pv. tomato DC3000, and microbe- associated molecular patterns (MAMPs) such as flg22) and abiotic stresses (e.g. UV-B, drought and abscisic acid), thus triggering rapid defense responses by stimulating salicylic acid (SA) biosynthesis. Involved in b [...]

Lipase-like PAD4; Probable lipase required downstream of MPK4 for accumulation of the plant defense-potentiating molecule, salicylic acid, thus contributing to the plant innate immunity against invasive biotrophic pathogens and to defense mechanisms upon recognition of microbe- associated molecular patterns (MAMPs). Participates in the regulation of various molecular and physiological processes that influence fitness. Together with SG101, required for programmed cell death (PCD) triggered by NBS-LRR resistance proteins (e.g. RPS4, RPW8.1 and RPW8.2) in response to the fungal toxin fumo [...]

Calmodulin-binding protein 60 G; Transcription activator that binds DNA in a sequence-specific manner, 5'-GAAATTTTGG-3', to promote the expression of target genes. Recruited to the promoter of ICS1 and other defense-related genes (e.g. PR1, PR2 and EDS5) in response to both biotic (e.g. Pseudomonas syringae pv. maculicola ES4326, P. syringae pv. tomato DC3000, and microbe- associated molecular patterns (MAMPs) such as flg22) and abiotic stresses (e.g. UV-B, drought and abscisic acid), thus triggering rapid defense responses by stimulating salicylic acid (SA) biosynthesis. Involved in b [...]

Senescence-associated carboxylesterase 101; Acyl hydrolase that triggers the leaf senescence onset. Can use triolein as substrate to produce oleic acids.

Calmodulin-binding protein 60 G; Transcription activator that binds DNA in a sequence-specific manner, 5'-GAAATTTTGG-3', to promote the expression of target genes. Recruited to the promoter of ICS1 and other defense-related genes (e.g. PR1, PR2 and EDS5) in response to both biotic (e.g. Pseudomonas syringae pv. maculicola ES4326, P. syringae pv. tomato DC3000, and microbe- associated molecular patterns (MAMPs) such as flg22) and abiotic stresses (e.g. UV-B, drought and abscisic acid), thus triggering rapid defense responses by stimulating salicylic acid (SA) biosynthesis. Involved in b [...]

Toll/interleukin-1 receptor-like protein; Disease resistance protein. Resistance proteins guard the plant against pathogens that contain an appropriate avirulence protein via a direct or indirect interaction with this avirulence protein. That triggers a defense system including the hypersensitive response, which restricts the pathogen growth (By similarity).

Calmodulin-binding protein 60 G; Transcription activator that binds DNA in a sequence-specific manner, 5'-GAAATTTTGG-3', to promote the expression of target genes. Recruited to the promoter of ICS1 and other defense-related genes (e.g. PR1, PR2 and EDS5) in response to both biotic (e.g. Pseudomonas syringae pv. maculicola ES4326, P. syringae pv. tomato DC3000, and microbe- associated molecular patterns (MAMPs) such as flg22) and abiotic stresses (e.g. UV-B, drought and abscisic acid), thus triggering rapid defense responses by stimulating salicylic acid (SA) biosynthesis. Involved in b [...]

Probable WRKY transcription factor 33; Transcription factor. Interacts specifically with the W box (5'-TTGAC[CT]-3'), a frequently occurring elicitor-responsive cis- acting element. Involved in defense responses. Required for resistance to the necrotrophic fungal pathogen B.cinerea. Regulates the antagonistic relationship between defense pathways mediating responses to the bacterial pathogen P. syringae and the necrotrophic pathogen B.cinerea. Required for the phytoalexin camalexin synthesis following infection with B.cinerea. Acts as positive regulator of the camalexin biosynthetic ge [...]

Cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channel 2; Acts as cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channel. Permeable to potassium and calcium in a cyclic nucleotide-dependent fashion (cAMP or cGMP). Could also transport lithium, cesium and rubium and displays a strong selectivity against sodium. Seems to directly participate in pathogen-induced calcium influx. May function in homeostasis, re- establishing ionic balance after defense action and/or other stimuli. Could mediate the initiation of the developmentally regulated cell death programs.

Protein EDS1; Positive regulator of basal resistance and of effector- triggered immunity specifically mediated by TIR-NB-LRR (TNL) resistance proteins. Disruption by bacterial effector of EDS1-TIR-NB-LRR resistance protein interactions constitutes the first step in resistance activation. Acts redundantly with salicylic acid to regulate resistance gene-mediated signaling. Triggers early plant defenses and hypersensitive response independently of PAD4, and then recruits PAD4 to potentiate plant defenses through the accumulation of salicylic acid. Nuclear localization is essential for bas [...]

Cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channel 2; Acts as cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channel. Permeable to potassium and calcium in a cyclic nucleotide-dependent fashion (cAMP or cGMP). Could also transport lithium, cesium and rubium and displays a strong selectivity against sodium. Seems to directly participate in pathogen-induced calcium influx. May function in homeostasis, re- establishing ionic balance after defense action and/or other stimuli. Could mediate the initiation of the developmentally regulated cell death programs.

Probable flavin-containing monooxygenase 1; Required for the establishment of systemic acquired resistance (SAR). Not involved in local defense mechanisms. Confers a salicylic acid-dependent (SA) resistance to virulent pathogens such as P.syringae pv tomato and H.parasitica.

Cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channel 2; Acts as cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channel. Permeable to potassium and calcium in a cyclic nucleotide-dependent fashion (cAMP or cGMP). Could also transport lithium, cesium and rubium and displays a strong selectivity against sodium. Seems to directly participate in pathogen-induced calcium influx. May function in homeostasis, re- establishing ionic balance after defense action and/or other stimuli. Could mediate the initiation of the developmentally regulated cell death programs.

Isochorismate synthase 1, chloroplastic; Involved in the synthesis of salicylic acid (SA) required for both local and systemic acquired resistance (LAR and SAR) while SA synthesized through the phenylalanine ammonium lyase (PAL) pathway seems to potentiate plant cell death. Also involved in phylloquinone (vitamin K1) synthesis. Has no isochorismate pyruvate lyase (IPL) activity.

Cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channel 2; Acts as cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channel. Permeable to potassium and calcium in a cyclic nucleotide-dependent fashion (cAMP or cGMP). Could also transport lithium, cesium and rubium and displays a strong selectivity against sodium. Seems to directly participate in pathogen-induced calcium influx. May function in homeostasis, re- establishing ionic balance after defense action and/or other stimuli. Could mediate the initiation of the developmentally regulated cell death programs.

Regulatory protein NPR1; May act as a substrate-specific adapter of an E3 ubiquitin- protein ligase complex (CUL3-RBX1-BTB) which mediates the ubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation of target proteins (By similarity). Key positive regulator of the SA-dependent signaling pathway that negatively regulates JA-dependent signaling pathway. Mediates the binding of TGA factors to the as-1 motif found in the pathogenesis-related PR-1 gene, leading to the transcriptional regulation of the gene defense. Controls the onset of systemic acquired resistance (SAR). Upon SAR induction, [...]

Cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channel 2; Acts as cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channel. Permeable to potassium and calcium in a cyclic nucleotide-dependent fashion (cAMP or cGMP). Could also transport lithium, cesium and rubium and displays a strong selectivity against sodium. Seems to directly participate in pathogen-induced calcium influx. May function in homeostasis, re- establishing ionic balance after defense action and/or other stimuli. Could mediate the initiation of the developmentally regulated cell death programs.

Lipase-like PAD4; Probable lipase required downstream of MPK4 for accumulation of the plant defense-potentiating molecule, salicylic acid, thus contributing to the plant innate immunity against invasive biotrophic pathogens and to defense mechanisms upon recognition of microbe- associated molecular patterns (MAMPs). Participates in the regulation of various molecular and physiological processes that influence fitness. Together with SG101, required for programmed cell death (PCD) triggered by NBS-LRR resistance proteins (e.g. RPS4, RPW8.1 and RPW8.2) in response to the fungal toxin fumo [...]

Cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channel 2; Acts as cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channel. Permeable to potassium and calcium in a cyclic nucleotide-dependent fashion (cAMP or cGMP). Could also transport lithium, cesium and rubium and displays a strong selectivity against sodium. Seems to directly participate in pathogen-induced calcium influx. May function in homeostasis, re- establishing ionic balance after defense action and/or other stimuli. Could mediate the initiation of the developmentally regulated cell death programs.

Protein SUPPRESSOR OF npr1-1, CONSTITUTIVE 1; Disease resistance protein of the TIR-NB-LRR-type. Part of the RPP5 locus that contains a cluster of several paralogous disease resistance (R) genes. Resistance proteins guard the plant against pathogens that contain an appropriate avirulence protein via an indirect interaction with this avirulence protein. That triggers a defense system including the hypersensitive response, which restricts the pathogen growth. Probably acts as a NAD(+) hydrolase (NADase): in response to activation, catalyzes cleavage of NAD(+) into ADP-D- ribose (ADPR) an [...]

Cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channel 2; Acts as cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channel. Permeable to potassium and calcium in a cyclic nucleotide-dependent fashion (cAMP or cGMP). Could also transport lithium, cesium and rubium and displays a strong selectivity against sodium. Seems to directly participate in pathogen-induced calcium influx. May function in homeostasis, re- establishing ionic balance after defense action and/or other stimuli. Could mediate the initiation of the developmentally regulated cell death programs.

Toll/interleukin-1 receptor-like protein; Disease resistance protein. Resistance proteins guard the plant against pathogens that contain an appropriate avirulence protein via a direct or indirect interaction with this avirulence protein. That triggers a defense system including the hypersensitive response, which restricts the pathogen growth (By similarity).

Cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channel 2; Acts as cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channel. Permeable to potassium and calcium in a cyclic nucleotide-dependent fashion (cAMP or cGMP). Could also transport lithium, cesium and rubium and displays a strong selectivity against sodium. Seems to directly participate in pathogen-induced calcium influx. May function in homeostasis, re- establishing ionic balance after defense action and/or other stimuli. Could mediate the initiation of the developmentally regulated cell death programs.

Probable WRKY transcription factor 33; Transcription factor. Interacts specifically with the W box (5'-TTGAC[CT]-3'), a frequently occurring elicitor-responsive cis- acting element. Involved in defense responses. Required for resistance to the necrotrophic fungal pathogen B.cinerea. Regulates the antagonistic relationship between defense pathways mediating responses to the bacterial pathogen P. syringae and the necrotrophic pathogen B.cinerea. Required for the phytoalexin camalexin synthesis following infection with B.cinerea. Acts as positive regulator of the camalexin biosynthetic ge [...]