4-coumarate--CoA ligase 1; Produces CoA thioesters of a variety of hydroxy- and methoxy- substituted cinnamic acids, which are used to synthesize several phenylpropanoid-derived compounds, including anthocyanins, flavonoids, isoflavonoids, coumarins, lignin, suberin and wall-bound phenolics; Belongs to the ATP-dependent AMP-binding enzyme family.

Putative MYB family transcription factor; 19087-20744.

4-coumarate--CoA ligase 1; Produces CoA thioesters of a variety of hydroxy- and methoxy- substituted cinnamic acids, which are used to synthesize several phenylpropanoid-derived compounds, including anthocyanins, flavonoids, isoflavonoids, coumarins, lignin, suberin and wall-bound phenolics; Belongs to the ATP-dependent AMP-binding enzyme family.

Cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase 5; Involved in lignin biosynthesis in the floral stem. Catalyzes the final step specific for the production of lignin monomers. Catalyzes the NADPH-dependent reduction of coniferaldehyde, 5- hydroxyconiferaldehyde, sinapaldehyde, 4-coumaraldehyde and caffeyl aldehyde to their respective alcohols.

4-coumarate--CoA ligase 1; Produces CoA thioesters of a variety of hydroxy- and methoxy- substituted cinnamic acids, which are used to synthesize several phenylpropanoid-derived compounds, including anthocyanins, flavonoids, isoflavonoids, coumarins, lignin, suberin and wall-bound phenolics; Belongs to the ATP-dependent AMP-binding enzyme family.

Probable cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase 6; Involved in lignin biosynthesis. Catalyzes the final step specific for the production of lignin monomers. Catalyzes the NADPH- dependent reduction of coniferaldehyde, 5-hydroxyconiferaldehyde, sinapaldehyde, 4-coumaraldehyde and caffeyl aldehyde to their respective alcohols; Belongs to the zinc-containing alcohol dehydrogenase family.

4-coumarate--CoA ligase 1; Produces CoA thioesters of a variety of hydroxy- and methoxy- substituted cinnamic acids, which are used to synthesize several phenylpropanoid-derived compounds, including anthocyanins, flavonoids, isoflavonoids, coumarins, lignin, suberin and wall-bound phenolics; Belongs to the ATP-dependent AMP-binding enzyme family.

Caffeoyl-CoA O-methyltransferase 1; Methylates caffeoyl-CoA to feruloyl-CoA. Has a very low activity with caffeic acid and esculetin. Involved in scopoletin biosynthesis in roots; Belongs to the class I-like SAM-binding methyltransferase superfamily. Cation-dependent O-methyltransferase family. CCoAMT subfamily.

4-coumarate--CoA ligase 1; Produces CoA thioesters of a variety of hydroxy- and methoxy- substituted cinnamic acids, which are used to synthesize several phenylpropanoid-derived compounds, including anthocyanins, flavonoids, isoflavonoids, coumarins, lignin, suberin and wall-bound phenolics; Belongs to the ATP-dependent AMP-binding enzyme family.

Cellulose synthase A catalytic subunit 8 [UDP-forming]; Catalytic subunit of cellulose synthase terminal complexes ('rosettes'), required for beta-1,4-glucan microfibril crystallization, a major mechanism of the cell wall formation. Involved in the secondary cell wall formation. Required for the xylem cell wall thickening.

4-coumarate--CoA ligase 1; Produces CoA thioesters of a variety of hydroxy- and methoxy- substituted cinnamic acids, which are used to synthesize several phenylpropanoid-derived compounds, including anthocyanins, flavonoids, isoflavonoids, coumarins, lignin, suberin and wall-bound phenolics; Belongs to the ATP-dependent AMP-binding enzyme family.

Cytochrome P450 98A3; Cytochrome P450 which catalyzes 3'-hydroxylation of p- coumaric esters of shikimic/quinic acids to form lignin monomers. Can use p-coumarate, p-coumaraldehyde, p-coumaroyl methyl ester, 5-O-(4- coumaroyl) D-quinate and 5-O-(4-coumaroyl) shikimate as substrates, but not p-coumaryl alcohol, p-coumaroyl CoA, 1-O-p-coumaroyl-beta-D- glucose, p-hydroxy-cinnamyl alcohol, cinnamate, caffeate or ferulate. Has a weak activity on tri(p-coumaroyl)spermidine, but none on triferuloylspermidine. Hydroxylates preferentially the 5-O-isomer, but can also convert the 4-O- and 3-O-i [...]

4-coumarate--CoA ligase 1; Produces CoA thioesters of a variety of hydroxy- and methoxy- substituted cinnamic acids, which are used to synthesize several phenylpropanoid-derived compounds, including anthocyanins, flavonoids, isoflavonoids, coumarins, lignin, suberin and wall-bound phenolics; Belongs to the ATP-dependent AMP-binding enzyme family.

Shikimate O-hydroxycinnamoyltransferase; Acyltransferase involved in the biosynthesis of lignin. Accepts caffeoyl-CoA and p- coumaroyl-CoA as substrates and transfers the acyl group on both shikimate and quinate acceptors.

4-coumarate--CoA ligase 1; Produces CoA thioesters of a variety of hydroxy- and methoxy- substituted cinnamic acids, which are used to synthesize several phenylpropanoid-derived compounds, including anthocyanins, flavonoids, isoflavonoids, coumarins, lignin, suberin and wall-bound phenolics; Belongs to the ATP-dependent AMP-binding enzyme family.

Transcription factor MYB46; Transcription activator. Involved in the regulation of secondary wall biosynthesis in fibers and vessels. Transcription activator of the mannan synthase CSLA9 that recognizes and binds to the DNA consensus sequence 5'-[AG][GT]T[AT]GGT[GA]-3' cis- regulatory element of CSLA9 promoter. Transcription factor that acts as molecular switch in the NAC012/SND1-mediated transcriptional network regulating secondary wall biosynthesis. Is directly activated by NAC012/SND1. Functions redundantly with MYB83 in the transcriptional regulatory cascade leading to secondary wa [...]

4-coumarate--CoA ligase 1; Produces CoA thioesters of a variety of hydroxy- and methoxy- substituted cinnamic acids, which are used to synthesize several phenylpropanoid-derived compounds, including anthocyanins, flavonoids, isoflavonoids, coumarins, lignin, suberin and wall-bound phenolics; Belongs to the ATP-dependent AMP-binding enzyme family.

Transcription factor MYB58; Transcriptional activator that binds DNA to the AC cis- elements 5'-ACCTACC-3', 5'-ACCAACC-3' and 5'-ACCTAAC-3' of promoters and specifically activates lignin biosynthetic genes during secondary wall formation mediated by SND1.

4-coumarate--CoA ligase 1; Produces CoA thioesters of a variety of hydroxy- and methoxy- substituted cinnamic acids, which are used to synthesize several phenylpropanoid-derived compounds, including anthocyanins, flavonoids, isoflavonoids, coumarins, lignin, suberin and wall-bound phenolics; Belongs to the ATP-dependent AMP-binding enzyme family.

Transcription factor MYB63; Transcriptional activator that binds DNA to the AC cis- elements 5'-ACCTACC-3', 5'-ACCAACC-3' and 5'-ACCTAAC-3' of promoters and specifically activates lignin biosynthetic genes during secondary wall formation mediated by SND1.

4-coumarate--CoA ligase 1; Produces CoA thioesters of a variety of hydroxy- and methoxy- substituted cinnamic acids, which are used to synthesize several phenylpropanoid-derived compounds, including anthocyanins, flavonoids, isoflavonoids, coumarins, lignin, suberin and wall-bound phenolics; Belongs to the ATP-dependent AMP-binding enzyme family.

Transcription factor MYB75; Transcription activator, when associated with BHLH12/MYC1, EGL3, or GL3. Promotes the synthesis of. phenylpropanoid-derived compounds such as anthocyanins and proanthocyanidin, probably together with GL3 and BHLH2. Regulates the expression of CHS, DFRA, LDOX, and BAN.

4-coumarate--CoA ligase 1; Produces CoA thioesters of a variety of hydroxy- and methoxy- substituted cinnamic acids, which are used to synthesize several phenylpropanoid-derived compounds, including anthocyanins, flavonoids, isoflavonoids, coumarins, lignin, suberin and wall-bound phenolics; Belongs to the ATP-dependent AMP-binding enzyme family.

Transcription factor MYB80; Transcription factor that binds to the DNA sequence 5'- CCAACC-3'. Regulates directly PME5, UND and GLOX1. Essential for tapetum development in anthers and microsporogenesis. Regulates the timing of tapetal programmed cell death (PCD) which is critical for pollen development. May act through the activation of UND, encoding an A1 aspartic protease. Required for anther development by regulating tapetum development, callose dissolution and exine formation. Acts upstream of A6 and FAR2/MS2, two genes required for pollen exine formation. Negatively regulates tric [...]

4-coumarate--CoA ligase 1; Produces CoA thioesters of a variety of hydroxy- and methoxy- substituted cinnamic acids, which are used to synthesize several phenylpropanoid-derived compounds, including anthocyanins, flavonoids, isoflavonoids, coumarins, lignin, suberin and wall-bound phenolics; Belongs to the ATP-dependent AMP-binding enzyme family.

Transcription factor MYB83; Transcription factor that acts as molecular switch in the NAC012/SND1-mediated transcriptional network regulating secondary wall biosynthesis. Is directly activated by NAC012/SND1 and its close homologs, including NAC043/NST1, NAC066/NST2, NAC101/VND6 and NAC030/VND7. Is required for functional expression of a number of secondary wall-associated transcription factors and secondary wall biosynthetic genes involved in cellulose, xylan and lignin synthesis. Functions redundantly with MYB46 in the transcriptional regulatory cascade leading to secondary wall form [...]

4-coumarate--CoA ligase 1; Produces CoA thioesters of a variety of hydroxy- and methoxy- substituted cinnamic acids, which are used to synthesize several phenylpropanoid-derived compounds, including anthocyanins, flavonoids, isoflavonoids, coumarins, lignin, suberin and wall-bound phenolics; Belongs to the ATP-dependent AMP-binding enzyme family.

Myb family transcription factor.

4-coumarate--CoA ligase 1; Produces CoA thioesters of a variety of hydroxy- and methoxy- substituted cinnamic acids, which are used to synthesize several phenylpropanoid-derived compounds, including anthocyanins, flavonoids, isoflavonoids, coumarins, lignin, suberin and wall-bound phenolics; Belongs to the ATP-dependent AMP-binding enzyme family.

NAC domain-containing protein 12; Transcriptional activator of genes involved in biosynthesis of secondary walls. Together with NST1, required for the secondary cell wall thickening and lignification of sclerenchymatous fibers and secondary xylem vessels (tracheary elements). Seems to repress the secondary cell wall thickening of xylary fibers. May also regulate the secondary cell wall lignification of other tissues. Binds to and activates the promoter of MYB46.

4-coumarate--CoA ligase 1; Produces CoA thioesters of a variety of hydroxy- and methoxy- substituted cinnamic acids, which are used to synthesize several phenylpropanoid-derived compounds, including anthocyanins, flavonoids, isoflavonoids, coumarins, lignin, suberin and wall-bound phenolics; Belongs to the ATP-dependent AMP-binding enzyme family.

NAC domain-containing protein 30; Transcription activator that binds to the secondary wall NAC binding element (SNBE), 5'- (T/A)NN(C/T)(T/C/G)TNNNNNNNA(A/C)GN(A/C/T)(A/T)-3', in the promoter of target genes (e.g. genes involved in secondary wall biosynthesis, cell wall modification such as xylan accumulation, and programmed cell death). Involved in xylem formation in roots and shoots, especially regulating protoxylem vessel differentiation by promoting immature xylem vessel-specific genes expression. Can activate the expression of several genes including XCP1, MYB46, NAC010/SND3, MYB10 [...]

4-coumarate--CoA ligase 1; Produces CoA thioesters of a variety of hydroxy- and methoxy- substituted cinnamic acids, which are used to synthesize several phenylpropanoid-derived compounds, including anthocyanins, flavonoids, isoflavonoids, coumarins, lignin, suberin and wall-bound phenolics; Belongs to the ATP-dependent AMP-binding enzyme family.

NAC domain-containing protein 43; Transcription activator of genes involved in biosynthesis of secondary walls. Together with NST2 and NST3, required for the secondary cell wall thickening of sclerenchymatous fibers, secondary xylem (tracheary elements), and of the anther endocethium, which is necessary for anther dehiscence. May also regulate the secondary cell wall lignification of other tissues.

4-coumarate--CoA ligase 1; Produces CoA thioesters of a variety of hydroxy- and methoxy- substituted cinnamic acids, which are used to synthesize several phenylpropanoid-derived compounds, including anthocyanins, flavonoids, isoflavonoids, coumarins, lignin, suberin and wall-bound phenolics; Belongs to the ATP-dependent AMP-binding enzyme family.

NAC domain-containing protein 66; Transcription activator of genes involved in biosynthesis of secondary walls. Together with NST1, required for the secondary cell wall thickening of the anther endocethium, which is necessary for anther dehiscence. May also regulate the secondary cell wall lignification of other tissues such as tracheary elements.

Actin-2; Actins are highly conserved proteins that are involved in various types of cell motility and are ubiquitously expressed in all eukaryotic cells. Essential component of cell cytoskeleton; plays an important role in cytoplasmic streaming, cell shape determination, cell division, organelle movement and extension growth. This is considered as one of the vegetative actins.

Transcription factor AS1; Transcription factor required for normal cell differentiation. Positively regulates LATERAL ORGAN BOUNDARIES (LOB) within the shoot apex, and the class III HD-ZIP genes REV, PHB, and PHV. Interacts directly with ASYMMETRIC LEAVES 2 (LBD6/AS2) to repress the knox homeobox genes BP/KNAT1, KNAT2, and KNAT6 and the abaxial determinants ARF3/ETT, KAN2 and YAB5. May act in parallel with the RDR6-SGS3-AGO7 pathway, an endogenous RNA silencing pathway, to regulate the leaf morphogenesis. Binds directly to KNAT1, KNAT2, and KNATM chromatin, regulating leaf development. [...]

Transcription factor AS1; Transcription factor required for normal cell differentiation. Positively regulates LATERAL ORGAN BOUNDARIES (LOB) within the shoot apex, and the class III HD-ZIP genes REV, PHB, and PHV. Interacts directly with ASYMMETRIC LEAVES 2 (LBD6/AS2) to repress the knox homeobox genes BP/KNAT1, KNAT2, and KNAT6 and the abaxial determinants ARF3/ETT, KAN2 and YAB5. May act in parallel with the RDR6-SGS3-AGO7 pathway, an endogenous RNA silencing pathway, to regulate the leaf morphogenesis. Binds directly to KNAT1, KNAT2, and KNATM chromatin, regulating leaf development. [...]

Actin-2; Actins are highly conserved proteins that are involved in various types of cell motility and are ubiquitously expressed in all eukaryotic cells. Essential component of cell cytoskeleton; plays an important role in cytoplasmic streaming, cell shape determination, cell division, organelle movement and extension growth. This is considered as one of the vegetative actins.