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SAE2 | SUMO-activating enzyme subunit 2; The dimeric enzyme acts as an E1 ligase for SUMO1 and SUMO2. It mediates ATP-dependent activation of SUMO proteins and formation of a thioester with a conserved cysteine residue on SAE2. Belongs to the ubiquitin-activating E1 family. (700 aa) | ||||
DYAD | Protein DYAD; Required for fertility. Involved in chromatid cohesion establishment, in chromosome structure during male and female meiosis (e.g. the synapse formation between homologous chromosomes, the recombination, and the cohesion of both chromatid arm and centromere), and in axial element formation. Regulates the switch from mitosis to the reductional meiosis division of megaspores prior to the female gametogenesis (megasporogenesis). (639 aa) | ||||
ASY1 | Meiosis-specific protein ASY1; Required for normal meiosis in male and female gametophytes. Plays a crucial role in coordinating the activity of DMC1, a key member of the homologous recombination machinery. Acts at the interface between the developing chromosome axes and the recombination machinery to ensure DMC1-mediated interhomolog recombination. (596 aa) | ||||
MSH4 | DNA mismatch repair protein MSH4; Involved in meiotic recombination in association with MSH5. Required for reciprocal recombination and proper segregation of homologous chromosomes at meiosis. Promotes homologous recombination through facilitating chiasma formation during prophase I. Involved in the control of class I crossovers formation. Belongs to the DNA mismatch repair MutS family. (792 aa) | ||||
SCC3 | Sister-chromatid cohesion protein 3; Essential component of cohesin complex, a complex required for the cohesion of sister chromatids after DNA replication. The cohesin complex apparently forms a large proteinaceous ring within which sister chromatids can be trapped. At anaphase, the complex is cleaved and dissociates from chromatin, allowing sister chromatids to segregate. The cohesin complex may also play a role in spindle pole assembly during mitosis. Required for centromere cohesion maintenance at anaphase I and for the monopolar orientation of the kinetochores during both male and [...] (1098 aa) | ||||
SUMO1 | Small ubiquitin-related modifier 1; Ubiquitin-like protein which can be covalently attached to target lysines as a monomer. Does not seem to be involved in protein degradation and may function as an antagonist of ubiquitin in the degradation process. Required for the massive protein sumoylation in the nucleus induced by heat shock and controlled by SIZ1. Involved in the regulation of the heat stress transcription factor HSFA2 in acquired thermotolerance. (100 aa) | ||||
RAD51 | DNA repair protein RAD51 homolog 1; Binds to single and double-stranded DNA and exhibits DNA- dependent ATPase activity. Unwinds duplex DNA (By similarity). Component of the meiotic recombination pathway. Seems to play a role in mediating chromosome homology search, chromosome pairing and synapsis at early stages and probably chromosome crossing-over at later stages in meiosis. Probably is involved in the repair of meiotic double strand breaks (DBSs) generated by AtSPO11-1 and in homologous recombination. Its function is dispensable for vegetative growth and root mitosis. (342 aa) | ||||
T25N20.10 | Bifunctional inhibitor/lipid-transfer protein/seed storage 2S albumin superfamily protein. (205 aa) | ||||
DMC1 | Meiotic recombination protein DMC1 homolog; May participate in meiotic recombination, specifically in homologous strand assimilation, which is required for the resolution of meiotic double-strand breaks. Mediates interhomolog recombination during meiosis. (344 aa) | ||||
SMC3 | Structural maintenance of chromosomes protein 3; Central component of cohesin, a complex required for chromosome cohesion during the cell cycle. The cohesin complex may form a large proteinaceous ring within which sister chromatids can be trapped. At anaphase, the complex is cleaved and dissociates from chromatin, allowing sister chromatids to segregate. Cohesion is coupled to DNA replication and is involved in DNA repair. The cohesin complex plays also an important role in spindle pole assembly during mitosis and in chromosomes movement (By similarity). Essential protein plant viabili [...] (1204 aa) | ||||
SIZ1 | E3 SUMO-protein ligase SIZ1; E3 SUMO protein ligase involved in regulation processes. Mediates SUMO/ attachment to PHR1, a MYB transcriptional activator controlling the phosphate deficiency responses. Functions as an upstream negative regulator of salicylic acid (SA) accumulation and subsequent SA-mediated systemic acquired resistance (SAR) signaling. Probably not involved in jasmonic acid (JA)-mediated defense response. Participates in abiotic stress-induced sumoylation. Controls heat shock-induced SUMO1 and SUMO2 conjugation and facilitates basal thermotolerance. Involved in freezing [...] (884 aa) | ||||
RAD51C | DNA repair protein RAD51 homolog 3; Involved in the homologous recombination repair (HRR) pathway of double-stranded DNA breaks arising during DNA replication or induced by DNA-damaging agents. (363 aa) | ||||
MMS21 | E3 SUMO-protein ligase MMS21; E3 SUMO-protein ligase that modulates cell cycle progression and functions as a repressor of endocycle onset in meristems. May function downstream of the meristem patterning transcription factors PLETHORA 1 and 2 (PLT1 and PLT2) in root meristem development. Modulates the expression of the mitotic cyclins CYCB1-1 and CYCB1-2 and cyclin-dependent kinases CDKB1-1 and CDKB2-1 in root meristem. Involved in cytokinin signaling in root development. Belongs to the NSE2 family. (249 aa) | ||||
SYN4 | Sister chromatid cohesion 1 protein 4; Involved in sister chromatid and centromere cohesion during mitosis. (1031 aa) | ||||
SMC2-1 | Structural maintenance of chromosomes protein 2-1; Central component of the condensin complex, a complex required for conversion of interphase chromatin into mitotic-like condense chromosomes. The condensin complex probably introduces positive supercoils into relaxed DNA in the presence of type I topoisomerases and converts nicked DNA into positive knotted forms in the presence of type II topoisomerases. Also involved in chromosome segregation in meiosis. (1175 aa) | ||||
SMC4 | Structural maintenance of chromosomes protein 4; Central component of the condensin complex, a complex required for conversion of interphase chromatin into mitotic-like condense chromosomes. The condensin complex probably introduces positive supercoils into relaxed DNA in the presence of type I topoisomerases and converts nicked DNA into positive knotted forms in the presence of type II topoisomerases. Also involved in chromosome segregation in meiosis; Belongs to the SMC family. SMC4 subfamily. (1241 aa) | ||||
SYN3 | Sister chromatid cohesion 1 protein 3; May be involved in sister chromatid cohesion during mitosis. (693 aa) | ||||
SYN2 | Sister chromatid cohesion 1 protein 2; May be involved in sister chromatid cohesion during mitosis; Belongs to the rad21 family. (810 aa) | ||||
SMC5 | Structural maintenance of chromosomes protein 5; Core component of the SMC5-SMC6 complex that promotes sister chromatid alignment after DNA damage and facilitates double-stranded DNA breaks (DSBs) repair via homologous recombination between sister chromatids; Belongs to the SMC family. SMC5 subfamily. (1053 aa) | ||||
RBR1 | Retinoblastoma-related protein 1; Key regulator of entry into cell division. Acts as a transcription repressor of E2F target genes, whose activity is required for progress from the G1 to the S phase of the cell cycle. Hyperphosphorylation by CDKA-1 prevents the binding to E2F transcription factors, allowing G1 to S phase transition to operate. Forms a stable complex with E2FA that functions in maintaining cell proliferation through repression of cell differentiation. Plays a central role in the mechanism controlling meristem cell differentiation, cell fate establishment and cell fate m [...] (1013 aa) | ||||
ZYP1A | Synaptonemal complex protein 1; Required for chromosome synapsis and normal fidelity of crossing over. (871 aa) | ||||
SPO11-2 | Meiotic recombination protein SPO11-2; Component of a topoisomerase 6 complex specifically required for meiotic recombination. Together with MTOPVIB, mediates DNA cleavage that forms the double-strand breaks (DSB) that initiate meiotic recombination. The complex promotes relaxation of negative and positive supercoiled DNA and DNA decatenation through cleavage and ligation cycles. Belongs to the TOP6A family. (383 aa) | ||||
SPO11-1 | Meiotic recombination protein SPO11-1; Component of a topoisomerase 6 complex specifically required for meiotic recombination. Together with MTOPVIB, mediates DNA cleavage that forms the double-strand breaks (DSB) that initiate meiotic recombination. The complex promotes relaxation of negative and positive supercoiled DNA and DNA decatenation through cleavage and ligation cycles. Belongs to the TOP6A family. (362 aa) | ||||
SYN1 | Sister chromatid cohesion 1 protein 1; Involved in chromosome condensation, pairing and segregation during meiosis. Responsible for cohesion between replicated sister chromatids. (627 aa) |