Actin-related protein 6; Component of the SWR1 complex which mediates the ATP- dependent exchange of histone H2A for the H2A variant H2A.F/Z leading to transcriptional regulation of selected genes (e.g. FLC) by chromatin remodeling. Binds to the promoter region of FLC chromatin. Required for the activation of FLC and FLC/MAF genes expression to levels that inhibit flowering, through both histone H3 and H4 acetylation and methylation mechanisms. Involved in several developmental processes including organization of plant organs, leaves formation, flowering time repression, and fertility. [...]

Histone H2A variant 1; Variant histone H2A which may replace conventional H2A in a subset of nucleosomes. Nucleosomes wrap and compact DNA into chromatin, limiting DNA accessibility to the cellular machineries which require DNA as a template. Histones thereby play a central role in transcription regulation, DNA repair, DNA replication and chromosomal stability. DNA accessibility is regulated via a complex set of post- translational modifications of histones, also called histone code, and nucleosome remodeling (By similarity).

Actin-related protein 6; Component of the SWR1 complex which mediates the ATP- dependent exchange of histone H2A for the H2A variant H2A.F/Z leading to transcriptional regulation of selected genes (e.g. FLC) by chromatin remodeling. Binds to the promoter region of FLC chromatin. Required for the activation of FLC and FLC/MAF genes expression to levels that inhibit flowering, through both histone H3 and H4 acetylation and methylation mechanisms. Involved in several developmental processes including organization of plant organs, leaves formation, flowering time repression, and fertility. [...]

Histone H2B.6; Core component of nucleosome. Nucleosomes wrap and compact DNA into chromatin, limiting DNA accessibility to the cellular machineries which require DNA as a template. Histones thereby play a central role in transcription regulation, DNA repair, DNA replication and chromosomal stability. DNA accessibility is regulated via a complex set of post-translational modifications of histones, also called histone code, and nucleosome remodeling.

Actin-related protein 6; Component of the SWR1 complex which mediates the ATP- dependent exchange of histone H2A for the H2A variant H2A.F/Z leading to transcriptional regulation of selected genes (e.g. FLC) by chromatin remodeling. Binds to the promoter region of FLC chromatin. Required for the activation of FLC and FLC/MAF genes expression to levels that inhibit flowering, through both histone H3 and H4 acetylation and methylation mechanisms. Involved in several developmental processes including organization of plant organs, leaves formation, flowering time repression, and fertility. [...]

Probable histone H2A variant 3; Variant histones H2A are synthesized throughout the cell cycle and are very different from classical S-phase regulated H2A. May replace conventional H2A in a subset of nucleosomes. Nucleosomes wrap and compact DNA into chromatin, limiting DNA accessibility to the cellular machineries which require DNA as a template. Histones thereby play a central role in transcription regulation, DNA repair, DNA replication and chromosomal stability. DNA accessibility is regulated via a complex set of post-translational modifications of histones, also called histone cod [...]

Actin-related protein 6; Component of the SWR1 complex which mediates the ATP- dependent exchange of histone H2A for the H2A variant H2A.F/Z leading to transcriptional regulation of selected genes (e.g. FLC) by chromatin remodeling. Binds to the promoter region of FLC chromatin. Required for the activation of FLC and FLC/MAF genes expression to levels that inhibit flowering, through both histone H3 and H4 acetylation and methylation mechanisms. Involved in several developmental processes including organization of plant organs, leaves formation, flowering time repression, and fertility. [...]

Protein PHOTOPERIOD-INDEPENDENT EARLY FLOWERING 1; Component of the SWR1 complex which mediates the ATP- dependent exchange of histone H2A for the H2A variant H2A.F/Z leading to transcriptional regulation of selected genes (e.g. FLC) by chromatin remodeling. Probable DNA-dependent ATPase. Not involved in the repression of FLC in gametophytes, but required for the reactivation of FLC in early embryos and for the maintenance of full activation of FLC in late embryos. Belongs to the SNF2/RAD54 helicase family. SWR1 subfamily.

Actin-related protein 6; Component of the SWR1 complex which mediates the ATP- dependent exchange of histone H2A for the H2A variant H2A.F/Z leading to transcriptional regulation of selected genes (e.g. FLC) by chromatin remodeling. Binds to the promoter region of FLC chromatin. Required for the activation of FLC and FLC/MAF genes expression to levels that inhibit flowering, through both histone H3 and H4 acetylation and methylation mechanisms. Involved in several developmental processes including organization of plant organs, leaves formation, flowering time repression, and fertility. [...]

MADS-box protein SOC1; Transcription activator active in flowering time control. May integrate signals from the photoperiod, vernalization and autonomous floral induction pathways. Can modulate class B and C homeotic genes expression. When associated with AGL24, mediates effect of gibberellins on flowering under short-day conditions, and regulates the expression of LEAFY (LFY), which links floral induction and floral development.

Actin-related protein 6; Component of the SWR1 complex which mediates the ATP- dependent exchange of histone H2A for the H2A variant H2A.F/Z leading to transcriptional regulation of selected genes (e.g. FLC) by chromatin remodeling. Binds to the promoter region of FLC chromatin. Required for the activation of FLC and FLC/MAF genes expression to levels that inhibit flowering, through both histone H3 and H4 acetylation and methylation mechanisms. Involved in several developmental processes including organization of plant organs, leaves formation, flowering time repression, and fertility. [...]

SWR1 complex subunit 6; Component of the SWR1 complex which mediates the ATP- dependent exchange of histone H2A for the H2A variant H2A.F/Z leading to transcriptional regulation of selected genes (e.g. FLC) by chromatin remodeling. Coodinates SWR1-C, FRI-C (FLC transcription activator complex), histone methyltransferase and general transcription factors. Represses flowering by positively regulating FLC and MAF4. Binds to the promoter region of FLC chromatin.

Actin-related protein 6; Component of the SWR1 complex which mediates the ATP- dependent exchange of histone H2A for the H2A variant H2A.F/Z leading to transcriptional regulation of selected genes (e.g. FLC) by chromatin remodeling. Binds to the promoter region of FLC chromatin. Required for the activation of FLC and FLC/MAF genes expression to levels that inhibit flowering, through both histone H3 and H4 acetylation and methylation mechanisms. Involved in several developmental processes including organization of plant organs, leaves formation, flowering time repression, and fertility. [...]

Switch 2; May be involved in early DNA damage response (By similarity). Probable chromatin remodeling factor.

Shaggy-related protein kinase eta; Negative regulator in brassinosteroid signal transduction pathway important for plant growth. May be also involved in auxin signaling pathway. Phosphorylates and increases the degradation of BZR1 and BZR2/BES1 by the proteasome. Phosphorylates BHLH150, beet curly top virus C4 and tomato golden mosaic virus AC4 on threonine and serine residues. Upon brassinosteroid signaling, inhibits stomatal development by phosphorylating and inhibiting the MAPKK kinase YDA and the MAPK kinases MKK4 and MKK5. Phosphorylates BSK1, BSK3, BSK5, BSK6, BSK8 AND BSK11 in v [...]

BRASSINOSTEROID INSENSITIVE 1-associated receptor kinase 1; Dual specificity kinase acting on both serine/threonine- and tyrosine-containing substrates. Controls the expression of genes associated with innate immunity in the absence of pathogens or elicitors. Involved in brassinosteroid (BR) signal transduction. Phosphorylates BRI1. May be involved in changing the equilibrium between plasma membrane-located BRI1 homodimers and endocytosed BRI1- BAK1 heterodimers. Interaction with MSBP1 stimulates the endocytosis of BAK1 and suppresses brassinosteroid signaling. Acts in pathogen- associ [...]

Shaggy-related protein kinase eta; Negative regulator in brassinosteroid signal transduction pathway important for plant growth. May be also involved in auxin signaling pathway. Phosphorylates and increases the degradation of BZR1 and BZR2/BES1 by the proteasome. Phosphorylates BHLH150, beet curly top virus C4 and tomato golden mosaic virus AC4 on threonine and serine residues. Upon brassinosteroid signaling, inhibits stomatal development by phosphorylating and inhibiting the MAPKK kinase YDA and the MAPK kinases MKK4 and MKK5. Phosphorylates BSK1, BSK3, BSK5, BSK6, BSK8 AND BSK11 in v [...]

Protein BRASSINOSTEROID INSENSITIVE 1; Receptor with a dual specificity kinase activity acting on both serine/threonine- and tyrosine-containing substrates. Regulates, in response to brassinosteroid binding, a signaling cascade involved in plant development, including expression of light- and stress-regulated genes, promotion of cell elongation, normal leaf and chloroplast senescence, and flowering. Binds brassinolide, and less effectively castasterone, but not 2,3,22,23-O-tetramethylbrassinolide or ecdysone. May be involved in a feedback regulation of brassinosteroid biosynthesis. Pho [...]

Shaggy-related protein kinase eta; Negative regulator in brassinosteroid signal transduction pathway important for plant growth. May be also involved in auxin signaling pathway. Phosphorylates and increases the degradation of BZR1 and BZR2/BES1 by the proteasome. Phosphorylates BHLH150, beet curly top virus C4 and tomato golden mosaic virus AC4 on threonine and serine residues. Upon brassinosteroid signaling, inhibits stomatal development by phosphorylating and inhibiting the MAPKK kinase YDA and the MAPK kinases MKK4 and MKK5. Phosphorylates BSK1, BSK3, BSK5, BSK6, BSK8 AND BSK11 in v [...]

Serine/threonine-protein phosphatase BSU1; Phosphatase that acts as a positive regulator of brassinosteroid (BR) signaling. Dephosphorylates BES1, a transcription factor that regulates the expression of BR-response genes, thereby playing an important role in the regulation of response to BRs. Inactivates the negative regulator of BR signaling ASK7/BIN2 by dephosphorylation at 'Tyr-200'.

Shaggy-related protein kinase eta; Negative regulator in brassinosteroid signal transduction pathway important for plant growth. May be also involved in auxin signaling pathway. Phosphorylates and increases the degradation of BZR1 and BZR2/BES1 by the proteasome. Phosphorylates BHLH150, beet curly top virus C4 and tomato golden mosaic virus AC4 on threonine and serine residues. Upon brassinosteroid signaling, inhibits stomatal development by phosphorylating and inhibiting the MAPKK kinase YDA and the MAPK kinases MKK4 and MKK5. Phosphorylates BSK1, BSK3, BSK5, BSK6, BSK8 AND BSK11 in v [...]

Protein BRASSINAZOLE-RESISTANT 1; Transcriptional repressor that binds to the brassinosteroid (BR) response element (BRRE) 5'-CGTG(T/C)G-3' in gene promoter. Regulates positively the brassinosteroid-signaling pathway. Mediates downstream growth responses and negative feedback regulation of brassinosteroid biosynthesis. Promotes growth. Modulates ovule initiation and development by monitoring the expression of genes related to ovule development (e.g. HLL, ANT, and AP2).

Shaggy-related protein kinase eta; Negative regulator in brassinosteroid signal transduction pathway important for plant growth. May be also involved in auxin signaling pathway. Phosphorylates and increases the degradation of BZR1 and BZR2/BES1 by the proteasome. Phosphorylates BHLH150, beet curly top virus C4 and tomato golden mosaic virus AC4 on threonine and serine residues. Upon brassinosteroid signaling, inhibits stomatal development by phosphorylating and inhibiting the MAPKK kinase YDA and the MAPK kinases MKK4 and MKK5. Phosphorylates BSK1, BSK3, BSK5, BSK6, BSK8 AND BSK11 in v [...]

Protein BRASSINAZOLE-RESISTANT 2; Positive regulator of brassinosteroid (BR) signaling. Transcription factor that activates target gene expression by binding specifically to the DNA sequence 5'-CANNTG-3'(E box) through its N- terminal domain. Can bind individually to the promoter as a homodimer or synergistically as a heterodimer with BIM1, BIM2 or BIM3. The C- terminal domain is probably involved in transcriptional activation. Recruits the transcription elongation factor IWS1 to control BR- regulated gene expression. Forms a trimeric complex with IWS1 and ASHH2/SDG8 to regulate BR-reg [...]

Shaggy-related protein kinase eta; Negative regulator in brassinosteroid signal transduction pathway important for plant growth. May be also involved in auxin signaling pathway. Phosphorylates and increases the degradation of BZR1 and BZR2/BES1 by the proteasome. Phosphorylates BHLH150, beet curly top virus C4 and tomato golden mosaic virus AC4 on threonine and serine residues. Upon brassinosteroid signaling, inhibits stomatal development by phosphorylating and inhibiting the MAPKK kinase YDA and the MAPK kinases MKK4 and MKK5. Phosphorylates BSK1, BSK3, BSK5, BSK6, BSK8 AND BSK11 in v [...]

Regulatory protein NPR1; May act as a substrate-specific adapter of an E3 ubiquitin- protein ligase complex (CUL3-RBX1-BTB) which mediates the ubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation of target proteins (By similarity). Key positive regulator of the SA-dependent signaling pathway that negatively regulates JA-dependent signaling pathway. Mediates the binding of TGA factors to the as-1 motif found in the pathogenesis-related PR-1 gene, leading to the transcriptional regulation of the gene defense. Controls the onset of systemic acquired resistance (SAR). Upon SAR induction, [...]

Shaggy-related protein kinase eta; Negative regulator in brassinosteroid signal transduction pathway important for plant growth. May be also involved in auxin signaling pathway. Phosphorylates and increases the degradation of BZR1 and BZR2/BES1 by the proteasome. Phosphorylates BHLH150, beet curly top virus C4 and tomato golden mosaic virus AC4 on threonine and serine residues. Upon brassinosteroid signaling, inhibits stomatal development by phosphorylating and inhibiting the MAPKK kinase YDA and the MAPK kinases MKK4 and MKK5. Phosphorylates BSK1, BSK3, BSK5, BSK6, BSK8 AND BSK11 in v [...]

Serine carboxypeptidase 24 chain A; Active serine carboxypeptidase with broad substrate preference, including basic and hydrophilic groups. Processes a protein involved in an early event in the brassinosteroid signaling pathway.

pEARLI1-like lipid transfer protein 1; Probable lipid transfer protein (LTP). Seems to control the flowering process and lignin synthesis. Together with DIR1, required for glycerol-3-phosphate- (G3P) and azelaic acid- (AA) induced systemic acquired resistance (SAR). Component of plant systemic immunity involved in priming defenses in a AA-dependent manner, by modulating production and/or translocation of a mobile signal(s) during SAR. Confers resistance to Botrytis cinerea and Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 and PmaDG3. May be involved in induced systemic resistance (ISR) mediat [...]

Protein EDS1; Positive regulator of basal resistance and of effector- triggered immunity specifically mediated by TIR-NB-LRR (TNL) resistance proteins. Disruption by bacterial effector of EDS1-TIR-NB-LRR resistance protein interactions constitutes the first step in resistance activation. Acts redundantly with salicylic acid to regulate resistance gene-mediated signaling. Triggers early plant defenses and hypersensitive response independently of PAD4, and then recruits PAD4 to potentiate plant defenses through the accumulation of salicylic acid. Nuclear localization is essential for bas [...]

pEARLI1-like lipid transfer protein 1; Probable lipid transfer protein (LTP). Seems to control the flowering process and lignin synthesis. Together with DIR1, required for glycerol-3-phosphate- (G3P) and azelaic acid- (AA) induced systemic acquired resistance (SAR). Component of plant systemic immunity involved in priming defenses in a AA-dependent manner, by modulating production and/or translocation of a mobile signal(s) during SAR. Confers resistance to Botrytis cinerea and Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 and PmaDG3. May be involved in induced systemic resistance (ISR) mediat [...]

Glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase [NAD(+)] 2, chloroplastic; Required to supply glycerol-3-phosphate in the chloroplast for the synthesis of glycerolipids. Required for activation of systemic acquired resistance (SAR). Provision of glycerol-3-phosphate may be involved in generating lipid signals necessary for mediating defense responses and SAR. Belongs to the NAD-dependent glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase family.

pEARLI1-like lipid transfer protein 1; Probable lipid transfer protein (LTP). Seems to control the flowering process and lignin synthesis. Together with DIR1, required for glycerol-3-phosphate- (G3P) and azelaic acid- (AA) induced systemic acquired resistance (SAR). Component of plant systemic immunity involved in priming defenses in a AA-dependent manner, by modulating production and/or translocation of a mobile signal(s) during SAR. Confers resistance to Botrytis cinerea and Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 and PmaDG3. May be involved in induced systemic resistance (ISR) mediat [...]

Isochorismate synthase 1, chloroplastic; Involved in the synthesis of salicylic acid (SA) required for both local and systemic acquired resistance (LAR and SAR) while SA synthesized through the phenylalanine ammonium lyase (PAL) pathway seems to potentiate plant cell death. Also involved in phylloquinone (vitamin K1) synthesis. Has no isochorismate pyruvate lyase (IPL) activity.

pEARLI1-like lipid transfer protein 1; Probable lipid transfer protein (LTP). Seems to control the flowering process and lignin synthesis. Together with DIR1, required for glycerol-3-phosphate- (G3P) and azelaic acid- (AA) induced systemic acquired resistance (SAR). Component of plant systemic immunity involved in priming defenses in a AA-dependent manner, by modulating production and/or translocation of a mobile signal(s) during SAR. Confers resistance to Botrytis cinerea and Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 and PmaDG3. May be involved in induced systemic resistance (ISR) mediat [...]

Regulatory protein NPR1; May act as a substrate-specific adapter of an E3 ubiquitin- protein ligase complex (CUL3-RBX1-BTB) which mediates the ubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation of target proteins (By similarity). Key positive regulator of the SA-dependent signaling pathway that negatively regulates JA-dependent signaling pathway. Mediates the binding of TGA factors to the as-1 motif found in the pathogenesis-related PR-1 gene, leading to the transcriptional regulation of the gene defense. Controls the onset of systemic acquired resistance (SAR). Upon SAR induction, [...]

pEARLI1-like lipid transfer protein 1; Probable lipid transfer protein (LTP). Seems to control the flowering process and lignin synthesis. Together with DIR1, required for glycerol-3-phosphate- (G3P) and azelaic acid- (AA) induced systemic acquired resistance (SAR). Component of plant systemic immunity involved in priming defenses in a AA-dependent manner, by modulating production and/or translocation of a mobile signal(s) during SAR. Confers resistance to Botrytis cinerea and Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 and PmaDG3. May be involved in induced systemic resistance (ISR) mediat [...]

Lipase-like PAD4; Probable lipase required downstream of MPK4 for accumulation of the plant defense-potentiating molecule, salicylic acid, thus contributing to the plant innate immunity against invasive biotrophic pathogens and to defense mechanisms upon recognition of microbe- associated molecular patterns (MAMPs). Participates in the regulation of various molecular and physiological processes that influence fitness. Together with SG101, required for programmed cell death (PCD) triggered by NBS-LRR resistance proteins (e.g. RPS4, RPW8.1 and RPW8.2) in response to the fungal toxin fumo [...]

Corepressor.

Protein BRASSINAZOLE-RESISTANT 1; Transcriptional repressor that binds to the brassinosteroid (BR) response element (BRRE) 5'-CGTG(T/C)G-3' in gene promoter. Regulates positively the brassinosteroid-signaling pathway. Mediates downstream growth responses and negative feedback regulation of brassinosteroid biosynthesis. Promotes growth. Modulates ovule initiation and development by monitoring the expression of genes related to ovule development (e.g. HLL, ANT, and AP2).