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TGA5 TGA5 MED15A MED15A MED16 MED16 CBP60G CBP60G MES9 MES9 PAL1 PAL1 TGA2 TGA2 PAL2 PAL2 PAL3 PAL3 NPR1 NPR1 PIP PIP TGA6 TGA6 TGA1 TGA1 SAG101 SAG101 NPR4 NPR4 ACS12 ACS12 NPR3 NPR3 MES10 MES10 TTM2 TTM2 CUL3B CUL3B SARD1 SARD1 BZIP8 BZIP8 FMO1 FMO1 ACS10 ACS10 T26I12.70 T26I12.70 T26I12.60 T26I12.60 GLPK GLPK PAD4 PAD4 DGD1 DGD1 ICS1 ICS1 PAL4 PAL4 AZI1 AZI1 EDS1 EDS1 ALD1 ALD1 CUL3A CUL3A
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TGA5Transcription factor TGA5; Transcriptional activator that binds specifically to the DNA sequence 5'-TGACG-3'. Recognizes ocs elements like the as-1 motif of the cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter. Binding to the as-1-like cis elements mediate auxin- and salicylic acid-inducible transcription. May be involved in the induction of the systemic acquired resistance (SAR) via its interaction with NPR1. Could also bind to the Hex-motif (5'- TGACGTGG-3') another cis-acting element found in plant histone promoters. (330 aa)
MED15AMediator of RNA polymerase II transcription subunit 15a; Component of the Mediator complex, a coactivator involved in the regulated transcription of nearly all RNA polymerase II-dependent genes. Mediator functions as a bridge to convey information from gene- specific regulatory proteins to the basal RNA polymerase II transcription machinery. The Mediator complex, having a compact conformation in its free form, is recruited to promoters by direct interactions with regulatory proteins and serves for the assembly of a functional preinitiation complex with RNA polymerase II and the general [...] (1335 aa)
MED16Mediator of RNA polymerase II transcription subunit 16; Component of the Mediator complex, a coactivator involved in the regulated transcription of nearly all RNA polymerase II-dependent genes. Mediator functions as a bridge to convey information from gene- specific regulatory proteins to the basal RNA polymerase II transcription machinery. The Mediator complex, having a compact conformation in its free form, is recruited to promoters by direct interactions with regulatory proteins and serves for the assembly of a functional preinitiation complex with RNA polymerase II and the general [...] (1278 aa)
CBP60GCalmodulin-binding protein 60 G; Transcription activator that binds DNA in a sequence-specific manner, 5'-GAAATTTTGG-3', to promote the expression of target genes. Recruited to the promoter of ICS1 and other defense-related genes (e.g. PR1, PR2 and EDS5) in response to both biotic (e.g. Pseudomonas syringae pv. maculicola ES4326, P. syringae pv. tomato DC3000, and microbe- associated molecular patterns (MAMPs) such as flg22) and abiotic stresses (e.g. UV-B, drought and abscisic acid), thus triggering rapid defense responses by stimulating salicylic acid (SA) biosynthesis. Involved in b [...] (563 aa)
MES9Methylesterase 9; Methylesterase shown to have carboxylesterase activity, methyl indole-3-acetic acid (MeIAA) esterase activity, methyl salicylate (MeSA) esterase activity and methyl jasmonate (MeJA) esterase activity in vitro. Required to convert methyl salicylate (MeSA) to salicylic acid (SA) as part of the signal transduction pathways that activate systemic acquired resistance in systemic tissue. MeSA is believed to be an inactive form that needs to be demethylated to exert a biological effect; Belongs to the AB hydrolase superfamily. Methylesterase family. (256 aa)
PAL1Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase 1; This is a key enzyme of plant metabolism catalyzing the first reaction in the biosynthesis from L-phenylalanine of a wide variety of natural products based on the phenylpropane skeleton; Belongs to the PAL/histidase family. (725 aa)
TGA2Transcription factor TGA2; Transcriptional activator that binds specifically to the DNA sequence 5'-TGACG-3'. Recognizes ocs elements like the as-1 motif of the cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter. Binding to the as-1-like cis elements mediate auxin- and salicylic acid-inducible transcription. Required to induce the systemic acquired resistance (SAR) via the regulation of pathogenesis-related genes expression. Binding to the as- 1 element of PR-1 promoter is salicylic acid-inducible and mediated by NPR1. Could also bind to the C-boxes (5'-ATGACGTCAT-3') with high affinity. (330 aa)
PAL2Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase 2; This is a key enzyme of plant metabolism catalyzing the first reaction in the biosynthesis from L-phenylalanine of a wide variety of natural products based on the phenylpropane skeleton; Belongs to the PAL/histidase family. (717 aa)
PAL3Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase 3; This is a key enzyme of plant metabolism catalyzing the first reaction in the biosynthesis from L-phenylalanine of a wide variety of natural products based on the phenylpropane skeleton. (694 aa)
NPR1Regulatory protein NPR1; May act as a substrate-specific adapter of an E3 ubiquitin- protein ligase complex (CUL3-RBX1-BTB) which mediates the ubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation of target proteins (By similarity). Key positive regulator of the SA-dependent signaling pathway that negatively regulates JA-dependent signaling pathway. Mediates the binding of TGA factors to the as-1 motif found in the pathogenesis-related PR-1 gene, leading to the transcriptional regulation of the gene defense. Controls the onset of systemic acquired resistance (SAR). Upon SAR induction, [...] (593 aa)
PIPProline iminopeptidase; Specifically catalyzes the removal of N-terminal proline residues from peptides; Belongs to the peptidase S33 family. (380 aa)
TGA6Transcription factor TGA6; Transcriptional activator that binds specifically to the DNA sequence 5'-TGACG-3'. Recognizes ocs elements like the as-1 motif of the cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter. Binding to the as-1-like cis elements mediate auxin- and salicylic acid-inducible transcription. May be involved in the induction of the systemic acquired resistance (SAR) via its interaction with NPR1. Could also bind to the Hex-motif (5'- TGACGTGG-3') another cis-acting element found in plant histone promoters (By similarity). (330 aa)
TGA1Transcription factor TGA1; Transcriptional activator that binds specifically to the DNA sequence 5'-TGACG-3'. Recognizes ocs elements like the as-1 motif of the cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter. Binding to the as-1-like cis elements mediate auxin- and salicylic acid-inducible transcription. May be involved in the induction of the systemic acquired resistance (SAR) via its interaction with NPR1. Could also bind to the Hex-motif (5'- TGACGTGG-3') another cis-acting element found in plant histone promoters; Belongs to the bZIP family. (368 aa)
SAG101Senescence-associated carboxylesterase 101; Acyl hydrolase that triggers the leaf senescence onset. Can use triolein as substrate to produce oleic acids. (537 aa)
NPR4Regulatory protein NPR4; May act as a substrate-specific adapter of an E3 ubiquitin- protein ligase complex (CUL3-RBX1-BTB) which mediates the ubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation of target proteins (By similarity). Involved in the regulation of basal defense responses against pathogens, and may be implicated in the cross-talk between the SA- and JA-dependent signaling pathways. (574 aa)
ACS12Probable aminotransferase ACS12; Probable aminotransferase. Does not have 1-aminocyclopropane- 1-carboxylate synthase (ACS) activity, suggesting that it is not involved in ethylene biosynthesis. (495 aa)
NPR3Regulatory protein NPR3; May act as a substrate-specific adapter of an E3 ubiquitin- protein ligase complex (CUL3-RBX1-BTB) which mediates the ubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation of target proteins (By similarity). Involved in the regulation of basal defense responses against pathogens. (586 aa)
MES10Methylesterase 10; Methylesterase shown to have methyl jasmonate (MeJA) esterase activity in vitro. (275 aa)
TTM2Inorganic pyrophosphatase TTM2; Exhibits pyrophosphatase activity with stronger affinity for pyrophosphate (PPi), moderate affinity for ATP and ADP, and weak affinity for tripolyphosphate (PPPi). No activity observed toward uridine substrate. Negative regulator of the salicylic acid (SA)- mediated amplification of defense responses against both virulent and avirulent pathogens, including oomycetes (e.g. H.arabidopsidis) and bacteria (e.g. P.syringae). Represses systemic acquired resistance (SAR). (674 aa)
CUL3BCullin-3B; Component of the cullin-RING ubiquitin ligases (CRL), or CUL3-RBX1-BTB protein E3 ligase complexes which mediate the ubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation of target proteins. The functional specificity of the CRL complex depends on the BTB domain-containing protein as the susbstrate recognition component. Involved in embryo pattern formation and endosperm development. Required for the normal division and organization of the root stem cells and columella root cap cells. Regulates primary root growth by an unknown pathway, but in an ethylene-dependent manner. F [...] (732 aa)
SARD1Protein SAR DEFICIENT 1; Transcription activator that binds DNA in a sequence-specific manner, 5'-GAAATTTTGG-3', to promote the expression of target genes. Recruited to the promoter of ICS1 and other defense-related genes (e.g. PR1 and SID2) in response to both biotic (e.g. Pseudomonas syringae pv. maculicola ES4326) and abiotic stresses (e.g. UV-B), thus triggering slow defense responses by stimulating salicylic acid (SA) biosynthesis. Required for basal and systemic acquired resistance to P. syringae pv. maculicola and Hyaloperonospora arabidopsidis. Belongs to the plant ACBP60 prote [...] (451 aa)
BZIP8Basic leucine zipper 8; Belongs to the bZIP family. (138 aa)
FMO1Probable flavin-containing monooxygenase 1; Required for the establishment of systemic acquired resistance (SAR). Not involved in local defense mechanisms. Confers a salicylic acid-dependent (SA) resistance to virulent pathogens such as P.syringae pv tomato and H.parasitica. (530 aa)
ACS10Probable aminotransferase ACS10; Probable aminotransferase. Does not have 1-aminocyclopropane- 1-carboxylate synthase (ACS) activity, suggesting that it is not involved in ethylene biosynthesis. (557 aa)
T26I12.70Esterase/lipase/thioesterase family protein. (319 aa)
T26I12.60Alpha/beta-Hydrolases superfamily protein. (312 aa)
GLPKGlycerol kinase; Key enzyme in the regulation of glycerol uptake and metabolism. Required for resistance to nonhost Pseudomonas bacteria and to the pathogenic fungus B.cinerea. (522 aa)
PAD4Lipase-like PAD4; Probable lipase required downstream of MPK4 for accumulation of the plant defense-potentiating molecule, salicylic acid, thus contributing to the plant innate immunity against invasive biotrophic pathogens and to defense mechanisms upon recognition of microbe- associated molecular patterns (MAMPs). Participates in the regulation of various molecular and physiological processes that influence fitness. Together with SG101, required for programmed cell death (PCD) triggered by NBS-LRR resistance proteins (e.g. RPS4, RPW8.1 and RPW8.2) in response to the fungal toxin fumo [...] (541 aa)
DGD1Digalactosyldiacylglycerol synthase 1, chloroplastic; Involved in the synthesis of diacylglycerol galactolipids that are specifically found in thylakoid membranes. Specific for alpha- glycosidic linkages. Responsible for the final assembly of galactolipids in photosynthetic membranes. Digalactosyldiacylglycerol (DGDG) provides stability to the photosystem I (PSI) complex, especially to the PsaA, PsaB, PsaC, PsaL and PsaH subunits. Belongs to the glycosyltransferase group 1 family. Glycosyltransferase 4 subfamily. (808 aa)
ICS1Isochorismate synthase 1, chloroplastic; Involved in the synthesis of salicylic acid (SA) required for both local and systemic acquired resistance (LAR and SAR) while SA synthesized through the phenylalanine ammonium lyase (PAL) pathway seems to potentiate plant cell death. Also involved in phylloquinone (vitamin K1) synthesis. Has no isochorismate pyruvate lyase (IPL) activity. (569 aa)
PAL4Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase 4; This is a key enzyme of plant metabolism catalyzing the first reaction in the biosynthesis from L-phenylalanine of a wide variety of natural products based on the phenylpropane skeleton; Belongs to the PAL/histidase family. (707 aa)
AZI1pEARLI1-like lipid transfer protein 1; Probable lipid transfer protein (LTP). Seems to control the flowering process and lignin synthesis. Together with DIR1, required for glycerol-3-phosphate- (G3P) and azelaic acid- (AA) induced systemic acquired resistance (SAR). Component of plant systemic immunity involved in priming defenses in a AA-dependent manner, by modulating production and/or translocation of a mobile signal(s) during SAR. Confers resistance to Botrytis cinerea and Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 and PmaDG3. May be involved in induced systemic resistance (ISR) mediat [...] (161 aa)
EDS1Protein EDS1; Positive regulator of basal resistance and of effector- triggered immunity specifically mediated by TIR-NB-LRR (TNL) resistance proteins. Disruption by bacterial effector of EDS1-TIR-NB-LRR resistance protein interactions constitutes the first step in resistance activation. Acts redundantly with salicylic acid to regulate resistance gene-mediated signaling. Triggers early plant defenses and hypersensitive response independently of PAD4, and then recruits PAD4 to potentiate plant defenses through the accumulation of salicylic acid. Nuclear localization is essential for bas [...] (623 aa)
ALD1Aminotransferase ALD1, chloroplastic; Aminotransferase involved in local and systemic acquired resistance (SAR) to the bacterial pathogen P.syringae. Required for salicylic acid (SA) and camalexin accumulation upon pathogen infection. Possesses aminotransferase activity in vitro and may generate amino- acid-derived defense signals in vivo. May be involved in ethylene- induced senescence signaling. Involved in the biosynthesis of pipecolate (Pip), a metabolite that orchestrates defense amplification, positive regulation of SA biosynthesis, and priming to guarantee effective local resist [...] (456 aa)
CUL3ACullin-3A; Component of the cullin-RING ubiquitin ligases (CRL), or CUL3-RBX1-BTB protein E3 ligase complexes which mediate the ubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation of target proteins. The functional specificity of the CRL complex depends on the BTB domain-containing protein as the susbstrate recognition component. Involved in embryo pattern formation and endosperm development. Required for the normal division and organization of the root stem cells and columella root cap cells. Regulates primary root growth by an unknown pathway, but in an ethylene-dependent manner. F [...] (732 aa)
Your Current Organism:
Arabidopsis thaliana
NCBI taxonomy Id: 3702
Other names: A. thaliana, Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh., mouse-ear cress, thale cress, thale-cress
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