Phosphoglucan phosphatase.

Alpha-amylase 1; Possesses alpha-amylase activity in vitro, but seems not required for breakdown of transitory starch in leaves.

Phosphoglucan phosphatase.

Probable alpha-amylase 2; Probable alpha-amylase that does not seem to be required for breakdown of transitory starch in leaves.

Phosphoglucan phosphatase.

Alpha-amylase 3, chloroplastic; Possesses endoamylolytic activity in vitro, but seems not required for breakdown of transitory starch in leaves. May be involved in the determination of the final structure of glucans by shortening long linear phospho-oligosaccharides in the chloroplast stroma. Can act on both soluble and insoluble glucan substrates to release small linear and branched malto-oligosaccharides. Works synergistically with beta-amylase toward efficient starch degradation. Has activity against p-nitrophenyl maltoheptaoside (BPNP-G7), amylopectin and beta-limit dextrin. Involv [...]

Phosphoglucan phosphatase.

Beta-amylase 1, chloroplastic; Beta-amylase activity. Can use p-nitrophenyl maltopentaoside (PNPG5) as substrate only in reduced form. Can play a minor role in the starch degradation and maltose metabolism in chloroplasts during the night. More active on phosphorylated glucan. Interacts directly with starch or other alpha-1,4-glucan.

Phosphoglucan phosphatase.

Beta-amylase 3, chloroplastic; Beta-amylase activity. No alpha-amylase activity. Involved in cold resistance. Mediates the accumulation of maltose upon freezing stress, thus contributing to the protection of the photosynthetic electron transport chain. Plays a role in the circadian-regulated starch degradation and maltose metabolism in chloroplasts, especially at night. More active on phosphorylated glucan. Interacts directly with starch or other alpha-1,4-glucan. Belongs to the glycosyl hydrolase 14 family.

Phosphoglucan phosphatase.

Inactive beta-amylase 4, chloroplastic; No alpha-1,4-glucan hydrolase activity, including beta- amylase, alpha-amylase, a-glucosidase or alpha-amyloglucosidase. However, facilitates or regulates starch breakdown, especially at night, by a mechanism involving direct interaction with starch or other alpha-1,4-glucan.

Phosphoglucan phosphatase.

4-alpha-glucanotransferase DPE1, chloroplastic/amyloplastic; Chloroplastic alpha-glucanotransferase involved in maltotriose metabolism. Probably uses maltotriose as substrate to transfer a maltosyl unit from one molecule to another, resulting in glucose and maltopentaose. The latter can then be further metabolized to maltose and maltotriose by beta-amylase. Required for normal starch degradation in leaves; Belongs to the disproportionating enzyme family.

Phosphoglucan phosphatase.

Phosphoglucan phosphatase DSP4, chloroplastic; Starch granule-associated phosphoglucan phosphatase involved in the control of starch accumulation. Acts as major regulator of the initial steps of starch degradation at the granule surface. Functions during the day by dephosphorylating the night-accumulated phospho- oligosaccharides. Can release phosphate from both the C6 and the C3 positions, but dephosphorylates preferentially the C6 position.

Phosphoglucan phosphatase.

Isoamylase 3, chloroplastic; Involved in starch catabolism. ISA3 removes different branches than ISA1-ISA2, namely short chains that prevent amylopectin crystallization. May be the debranching enzyme required to assist beta- amylases for starch degradation in leaves at night. Belongs to the glycosyl hydrolase 13 family.

Phosphoglucan phosphatase.

Maltose excess protein 1, chloroplastic; Probable maltose transporter. Essential for the conversion of starch to sucrose in leaves at night, probably via the export of maltose from the chloroplast. Required for root cap cells formation.

Phosphoglucan phosphatase.

Plastidic glucose transporter 4; May be involved in the efflux of glucose towards the cytosol. Belongs to the major facilitator superfamily. Sugar transporter (TC 2.A.1.1) family.

Phosphoglucan phosphatase.

Probable phosphoglucomutase, cytoplasmic 2; This enzyme participates in both the breakdown and synthesis of glucose.

Phosphoglucan phosphatase.

Probable phosphoglucomutase, cytoplasmic 1; This enzyme participates in both the breakdown and synthesis of glucose; Belongs to the phosphohexose mutase family.

Phosphoglucan phosphatase.

Phosphoglucomutase, chloroplastic; This enzyme participates in both the breakdown and synthesis of glucose; Belongs to the phosphohexose mutase family.

Phosphotransferase.

Glucose-1-phosphate adenylyltransferase large subunit 1, chloroplastic; This protein plays a role in synthesis of starch. It catalyzes the synthesis of the activated glycosyl donor, ADP-glucose from Glc-1-P and ATP.

Phosphotransferase.

Alpha-amylase 1; Possesses alpha-amylase activity in vitro, but seems not required for breakdown of transitory starch in leaves.

Phosphotransferase.

Probable alpha-amylase 2; Probable alpha-amylase that does not seem to be required for breakdown of transitory starch in leaves.

Phosphotransferase.

Alpha-amylase 3, chloroplastic; Possesses endoamylolytic activity in vitro, but seems not required for breakdown of transitory starch in leaves. May be involved in the determination of the final structure of glucans by shortening long linear phospho-oligosaccharides in the chloroplast stroma. Can act on both soluble and insoluble glucan substrates to release small linear and branched malto-oligosaccharides. Works synergistically with beta-amylase toward efficient starch degradation. Has activity against p-nitrophenyl maltoheptaoside (BPNP-G7), amylopectin and beta-limit dextrin. Involv [...]

Phosphotransferase.

Glucose-1-phosphate adenylyltransferase large subunit 2, chloroplastic; This protein plays a role in synthesis of starch. It catalyzes the synthesis of the activated glycosyl donor, ADP-glucose from Glc-1-P and ATP.

Phosphotransferase.

Glucose-1-phosphate adenylyltransferase large subunit 3, chloroplastic; This protein plays a role in synthesis of starch. It catalyzes the synthesis of the activated glycosyl donor, ADP-glucose from Glc-1-P and ATP.