Your Input: | |
| | LOG1 | Cytokinin riboside 5'-monophosphate phosphoribohydrolase LOG1; Cytokinin-activating enzyme working in the direct activation pathway. Phosphoribohydrolase that converts inactive cytokinin nucleotides to the biologically active free-base forms. (213 aa) |
| | DOG1 | Protein DELAY OF GERMINATION 1; Required for the induction of seed dormancy. The level of DOG1 protein in freshly harvested seeds determines the level of seed dormancy. Determines the temperature window for germination by regulating the expression of micropylar endosperm-weakening genes through temperature control of the gibberellins metabolism. Regulates seed dormancy and flowering time through an influence on levels of microRNAs miR156 and miR172. Regulator of seed maturation interfering with abscisic acid signaling components and activating ABI5. In cv. Cvi-1, enhances glucose induc [...] (291 aa) |
| | B3H7M7_ARATH | Corepressor. (170 aa) |
| | BARD1 | BRCA1-associated RING domain protein 1; Binds specifically to H3K4me3 regions of target genes (e.g. WUS and WOX5) promoters to repress their transcription via chromatin remodeling. Required for the shoot apical meristem (SAM) organization and maintenance, by confining WUS expression to the organizing center, and for the quiescent center (QC) development in the root apical meristem (RAM), by repressing WOX5 expression in the root proximal meristem. Plays a role in DNA repair and in cell-cycle control. Required for the repair of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs), both natural and induced b [...] (714 aa) |
| | SYD | Chromatin structure-remodeling complex protein SYD; Catalytic component of the chromatin structure-remodeling complex (RSC), which is involved in transcription regulation and nucleosome positioning. Controls stem cell fate via the transcription regulation of WUS in the shoot apical meristem, by modulating its promoter. LFY-dependent repressor of the meristem identity switch from vegetative to reproductive development probably by modulating chromatin state. Involved in the regulation of floral homeotic gene expression in response to environmental stimuli. Required for carpel and ovule d [...] (3574 aa) |
| | CHR12 | Probable ATP-dependent DNA helicase CHR12; Probable chromatin-remodeling factor that is functionally redundant with CHR23 in root and shoot stem cell initiation, and root apical meristem (RAM) and shoot apical meristem (SAM) maintenance. Plays an important role in mediating the temporary plant growth arrest induced upon perception of stress. May promote seed maturation and repress initiation of germination. (1102 aa) |
| | HHO5 | Transcription factor HHO5; Transcriptional repressor that functions with ULT1 in a pathway which regulates floral meristem homeostasis and organ number in the flower. Binds specifically to the DNA sequence motif 5'-GTAGATTCCT- 3' of WUS promoter, and may be involved in direct regulation of WUS expression. Binds specifically to the DNA sequence motif 5'-AAGAATCTTT- 3' found in the promoters of AG and the NAC domain genes CUC1, CUC2 and CUC3, and may be involved in direct regulation of these gene expressions. (363 aa) |
| | CHR23 | Probable ATP-dependent DNA helicase CHR23; Probable chromatin-remodeling factor that is functionally redundant with CHR12 in root and shoot stem cell initiation and root apical meristem (RAM) and shoot apical meristem (SAM) maintenance. Can associate with the promoter region of WOX5. May promote seed maturation and repress initiation of germination. May repress plant growth. (1064 aa) |
| | ATXR7 | Histone-lysine N-methyltransferase ATXR7; Histone methyltransferase involved in regulation of flowering time. Required for the expression of the flowering repressors FLC and MADS-box genes of the MAF family. Required for histone H3 dimethylation on 'Lys-36' H3K36me2 at the FLC locus. Required for histone H3 trimethylation on 'Lys-4' (H3K4me3) at the FLC locus. Prevents trimethylation on 'Lys-27' (H3K27me3) at the same locus. Involved in the control of seed dormancy and germination. Belongs to the class V-like SAM-binding methyltransferase superfamily. Histone-lysine methyltransferase f [...] (1423 aa) |
| | AS2 | Protein ASYMMETRIC LEAVES 2; Negative regulator of cell proliferation in the adaxial side of leaves. Regulates the formation of a symmetric lamina and the establishment of venation. Positively regulates LATERAL ORGAN BOUNDARIES (LOB) within the shoot apex, and the class III HD-ZIP genes REV, PHB, and PHV. Interacts directly with ASYMMETRIC LEAVES 1 (AS1) to repress the knox homeobox genes KNAT1, KNAT2, and KNAT6 and the abaxial determinants ARF3, KAN2 and YAB5. May act in parallel with the RDR6- SGS3-AGO7 pathway, an endogenous RNA silencing pathway, to regulate the leaf morphogenesis. [...] (199 aa) |
| | YAB1 | Axial regulator YABBY 1; Involved in the abaxial cell fate determination during embryogenesis and organogenesis. Regulates the initiation of embryonic shoot apical meristem (SAM) development (Ref.3, Ref.6,. Required during flower formation and development, particularly for the patterning of floral organs. Positive regulator of class B (AP3 and PI) activity in whorls 2 and 3. Negative regulator of class B activity in whorl 1 and of SUP activity in whorl 3. Interacts with class A proteins (AP1, AP2 and LUG) to repress class C (AG) activity in whorls 1 and 2. Contributes to the repression [...] (229 aa) |
| | HDA19 | Histone deacetylase 19; Responsible for the deacetylation of lysine residues on the N-terminal part of the core histones (H2A, H2B, H3 and H4). Histone deacetylation gives a tag for epigenetic repression and plays an important role in transcriptional regulation, cell cycle progression and developmental events. Histone deacetylases act via the formation of large multiprotein complexes. HDA19 is involved in jasmonic acid and ethylene signaling of pathogen response. Part of a repressor complex including APETALA2 (AP2) and TOPLESS (TPL) that control the expression domains of numerous flora [...] (501 aa) |
| | SEP3 | Developmental protein SEPALLATA 3; Probable transcription factor active in inflorescence development and floral organogenesis. Functions with SEPALLATA1/AGL2 and SEPALLATA2/AGL4 to ensure proper development of petals, stamens and carpels and to prevent the indeterminate growth of the flower meristem. Interacts with APETALA1, AGAMOUS or APETALA3/PISTILLATA to form complexes, that could be involved in genes regulation during floral meristem development. Binds specifically to the CArG box DNA sequence 5'-CC (A/T)6 GG-3'. (251 aa) |
| | CDF4 | Cyclic dof factor 4; Transcription factor that binds specifically to a 5'-AA[AG]G- 3' consensus core sequence (By similarity). Transcriptional repressor of 'CONSTANS' expression (By similarity). Regulates a photoperiodic flowering response. (170 aa) |
| | SCL15 | Scarecrow-like protein 15; Probable transcription factor involved in plant development. Belongs to the GRAS family. (486 aa) |
| | H2B | Histone H2B.6; Core component of nucleosome. Nucleosomes wrap and compact DNA into chromatin, limiting DNA accessibility to the cellular machineries which require DNA as a template. Histones thereby play a central role in transcription regulation, DNA repair, DNA replication and chromosomal stability. DNA accessibility is regulated via a complex set of post-translational modifications of histones, also called histone code, and nucleosome remodeling. (150 aa) |
| | ARF3 | Auxin response factor 3; Auxin response factors (ARFs) are transcriptional factors that bind specifically to the DNA sequence 5'-TGTCTC-3' found in the auxin-responsive promoter elements (AuxREs). Could act as transcriptional activator or repressor. Formation of heterodimers with Aux/IAA proteins may alter their ability to modulate early auxin response genes expression. Involved in the establishment or elaboration of tissue patterning during gynoecial development. (608 aa) |
| | SNL3 | Paired amphipathic helix protein Sin3-like 3; Acts as a transcriptional repressor. Interacts with ERF7 to repress genes in abscisic acid and drought stress responses. The heterodimer represses transcription by tethering SNL3 to DNA. (1330 aa) |
| | PORC | Protochlorophyllide reductase C, chloroplastic; Phototransformation of protochlorophyllide (Pchlide) to chlorophyllide (Chlide). (401 aa) |
| | LUH | Transcriptional corepressor LEUNIG_HOMOLOG; Transcription repressor subunit of the SEU-SLK1 and SEU-SLK2 transcriptional corepressor of abiotic stress (e.g. salt and osmotic stress) response genes, by means of an epigenetic process involving histone modification (e.g. H3K9 and H3K14 acetylation), probably by recruiting HDAC, to facilitate the condensation of chromatin thus preventing transcription at the target genes. Can also act as a transcription activator. Implicated in embryo and floral development. Involved in post- synthesis cell wall modifications necessary for mucilage extrusi [...] (787 aa) |
| | MEA | Histone-lysine N-methyltransferase MEDEA; Polycomb group (PcG) protein. Catalytic subunit of some PcG multiprotein complex, which methylates 'Lys-27' of histone H3, leading to transcriptional repression of the affected target genes. Required to prevent the proliferation of the central cell of the female gametophyte by repressing target genes before fertilization. After fertilization, it probably also regulates the embryo and endosperm proliferation and anteroposterior organization during seed development. PcG proteins act by forming multiprotein complexes, which are required to maintai [...] (689 aa) |
| | BZIP11 | bZIP transcription factor 11; Transcription factor that binds to the DNA sequence 5'- ACTCAT-3' in target gene promoters. Promotes POX1/PRODH1 expression in response to hypoosmolarity stress. Positively regulates the expression of ASN1 and POX2/PRODH2 genes, which are involved in amino acid metabolism. Regulates several metabolic pathways such as myo-inositol, raffinose and trehalose. Regulates several trehalose metabolism genes, including TRE1, TPP5 and TPP6. Mediates recruitment of the histone acetylation machinery to activate auxin-induced transcription. Interacts with ADA2B adapter [...] (159 aa) |
| | XTH17 | Probable xyloglucan endotransglucosylase/hydrolase protein 17; Catalyzes xyloglucan endohydrolysis (XEH) and/or endotransglycosylation (XET). Cleaves and religates xyloglucan polymers, an essential constituent of the primary cell wall, and thereby participates in cell wall construction of growing tissues. Belongs to the glycosyl hydrolase 16 family. XTH group 2 subfamily. (282 aa) |
| | AS1 | Transcription factor AS1; Transcription factor required for normal cell differentiation. Positively regulates LATERAL ORGAN BOUNDARIES (LOB) within the shoot apex, and the class III HD-ZIP genes REV, PHB, and PHV. Interacts directly with ASYMMETRIC LEAVES 2 (LBD6/AS2) to repress the knox homeobox genes BP/KNAT1, KNAT2, and KNAT6 and the abaxial determinants ARF3/ETT, KAN2 and YAB5. May act in parallel with the RDR6-SGS3-AGO7 pathway, an endogenous RNA silencing pathway, to regulate the leaf morphogenesis. Binds directly to KNAT1, KNAT2, and KNATM chromatin, regulating leaf development. [...] (367 aa) |
| | SUVH5 | Histone-lysine N-methyltransferase, H3 lysine-9 specific SUVH5; Histone methyltransferase. Methylates 'Lys-9' of histone H3. H3 'Lys-9' methylation represents a specific tag for epigenetic transcriptional repression; Belongs to the class V-like SAM-binding methyltransferase superfamily. Histone-lysine methyltransferase family. Suvar3-9 subfamily. (794 aa) |
| | FIS2 | Polycomb group protein FERTILIZATION-INDEPENDENT SEED 2; Polycomb group (PcG) protein. PcG proteins act by forming multiprotein complexes, which are required to maintain the transcriptionally repressive state of homeotic genes throughout development. PcG proteins are not required to initiate repression, but to maintain it during later stages of development. They probably act via the methylation of histones, rendering chromatin heritably changed in its expressibility. Required to prevent the proliferation of the central cell by repressing unknown target genes before fertilization. Regul [...] (755 aa) |
| | AP3 | Floral homeotic protein APETALA 3; Probable transcription factor involved in the genetic control of flower development. Is required for normal development of petals and stamens in the wild-type flower. Forms a heterodimer with PISTILLATA that is required for autoregulation of both AP3 and PI genes. AP3/PI heterodimer interacts with APETALA1 or SEPALLATA3 to form a ternary complex that could be responsible for the regulation of the genes involved in the flower development. AP3/PI heterodimer activates the expression of NAP. AP3/PI prevents GATA22/GNL and GATA21/GNC expression. (232 aa) |
| | KNAT2 | Homeobox protein knotted-1-like 2; May play a role in meristem function, and may be involved in maintaining cells in an undifferentiated, meristematic state. Probably binds to the DNA sequence 5'-TGAC-3'. (310 aa) |
| | HTR4 | Histone H3.3; Variant histone H3 which replaces conventional H3 in a wide range of nucleosomes in active genes. Constitutes the predominant form of histone H3 in non-dividing cells and is incorporated into chromatin independently of DNA synthesis. Deposited at sites of nucleosomal displacement throughout transcribed genes, suggesting that it represents an epigenetic imprint of transcriptionally active chromatin. Nucleosomes wrap and compact DNA into chromatin, limiting DNA accessibility to the cellular machineries which require DNA as a template. Histones thereby play a central role in [...] (136 aa) |
| | HTR2 | Histone H3.2; Core component of nucleosome. Nucleosomes wrap and compact DNA into chromatin, limiting DNA accessibility to the cellular machineries which require DNA as a template. Histones thereby play a central role in transcription regulation, DNA repair, DNA replication and chromosomal stability. DNA accessibility is regulated via a complex set of post-translational modifications of histones, also called histone code, and nucleosome remodeling. (136 aa) |
| | ARF5 | Auxin response factor 5; Auxin response factors (ARFs) are transcriptional factors that bind specifically to the DNA sequence 5'-TGTCTC-3' found in the auxin-responsive promoter elements (AuxREs). Seems to act as transcriptional activator. Formation of heterodimers with Aux/IAA proteins may alter their ability to modulate early auxin response genes expression. Mediates embryo axis formation and vascular tissues differentiation. Functionally redundant with ARF7. May be necessary to counteract AMP1 activity. (902 aa) |
| | LFY | Protein LEAFY; Probable transcription factor that promotes early floral meristem identity in synergy with APETALA1. Is required subsequently for the transition of an inflorescence meristem into a floral meristem, by an immediate upstream regulation of the ABC classes of floral homeotic genes. Activates directly APETALA1, CAULIFLOWER and AGAMOUS, and indirectly APETALA3 and PISTILLATA with the cooperation of UFO. Belongs to the FLO/LFY family. (420 aa) |
| | ABI3 | B3 domain-containing transcription factor ABI3; Participates in abscisic acid-regulated gene expression during seed development. Regulates the transcription of SGR1 and SGR2 that are involved in leaf and embryo degreening. (720 aa) |
| | RING1B | Putative E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase RING1b; Putative E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that mediates monoubiquitination of 'Lys-119' of histone H2A (H2AK119ub), thereby playing a central role in histone code and gene regulation. (460 aa) |
| | LEC2 | B3 domain-containing transcription factor LEC2; Transcription regulator that plays a central role in embryo development. Required for the maintenance of suspensor morphology, specification of cotyledon identity, progression through the maturation phase and suppression of premature germination. Ectopic expression is sufficient to promote somatic embryogenesis. (363 aa) |
| | IAA10 | Auxin-responsive protein IAA10; Aux/IAA proteins are short-lived transcriptional factors that function as repressors of early auxin response genes at low auxin concentrations. Repression is thought to result from the interaction with auxin response factors (ARFs), proteins that bind to the auxin- responsive promoter element (AuxRE). Formation of heterodimers with ARF proteins may alter their ability to modulate early auxin response genes expression. (261 aa) |
| | GA3OX1 | Gibberellin 3-beta-dioxygenase 1; Converts the inactive gibberellin (GA) precursors GA9 and GA20 in the bioactives gibberellins GA4 and GA1. Involved in the production of bioactive GA for vegetative growth and development. Belongs to the iron/ascorbate-dependent oxidoreductase family. GA3OX subfamily. (358 aa) |
| | VAL2 | B3 domain-containing transcription repressor VAL2; Transcriptional repressor of gene expression involved in embryonic pathways, such as LEC1, ABI3, and FUS3. Repressor of the sugar-inducible genes involved in the seed maturation program in seedlings. Plays an essential role in regulating the transition from seed maturation to seedling growth. Functionally redundant with VAL1/HSI2. (780 aa) |
| | MDC12.4 | 2-oxoglutarate (2OG) and Fe(II)-dependent oxygenase superfamily protein. (462 aa) |
| | AIL5 | AP2-like ethylene-responsive transcription factor AIL5; Probably acts as a transcriptional activator. Binds to the GCC-box pathogenesis-related promoter element. May be involved in the regulation of gene expression by stress factors and by components of stress signal transduction pathways (By similarity). Involved in the regulation of floral organs size; Belongs to the AP2/ERF transcription factor family. AP2 subfamily. (558 aa) |
| | SWI3B | SWI/SNF complex subunit SWI3B; Component of a multiprotein complex equivalent of the SWI/SNF complex, an ATP-dependent chromatin-remodeling complex, which is required for the positive and negative regulation of gene expression of a large number of genes. It changes chromatin structure by altering DNA-histone contacts within a nucleosome, leading eventually to a change in nucleosome position, thus facilitating or repressing binding of gene-specific transcription factors. May play an essential role in the transition from the vegetative to the reproductive phase of development. May be a p [...] (469 aa) |
| | UBP13 | Ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase 13; Recognizes and hydrolyzes the peptide bond at the C-terminal Gly of ubiquitin. Involved in the processing of poly-ubiquitin precursors as well as that of ubiquitinated proteins (By similarity). Belongs to the peptidase C19 family. (1115 aa) |
| | HDA15 | Histone deacetylase 15; Responsible for the deacetylation of lysine residues on the N-terminal part of the core histones (H2A, H2B, H3 and H4). Histone deacetylation gives a tag for epigenetic repression and plays an important role in transcriptional regulation, cell cycle progression and developmental events. Histone deacetylases act via the formation of large multiprotein complexes (By similarity). (552 aa) |
| | ULT1 | Protein ULTRAPETALA 1; Putative transcription factor that acts as a key negative regulator of cell accumulation in shoot and floral meristems. Negatively regulates the size of the WUSCHEL (WUS)-expressing organizing center in inflorescence meristems. May act by down- regulating expression of WUS. Acts as an antirepressor that counteracts EMF1 action through modulation of trimethylated 'Lys-4' on histone H3 (H3K4me3) marks on target gene loci (including genes involved in salt stress response and flower development). (237 aa) |
| | SUVH4 | Histone-lysine N-methyltransferase, H3 lysine-9 specific SUVH4; Histone methyltransferase. Methylates 'Lys-9' of histone H3. H3 'Lys-9' methylation represents a specific tag for epigenetic transcriptional repression. The silencing mechanism via DNA CpNpG methylation requires the targeting of chromomethylase CMT3 to methylated histones, probably through an interaction with an HP1-like adapter. By its function, KYP is directly required for the maintenance of the DNA CpNpG and asymmetric methylation. Involved in the silencing of transposable elements. Belongs to the class V-like SAM-bindi [...] (624 aa) |
| | HDA9 | Histone deacetylase 9; Responsible for the deacetylation of lysine residues on the N-terminal part of the core histones (H2A, H2B, H3 and H4). Histone deacetylation gives a tag for epigenetic repression and plays an important role in transcriptional regulation, cell cycle progression and developmental events. Histone deacetylases act via the formation of large multiprotein complexes (By similarity); Belongs to the histone deacetylase family. HD type 1 subfamily. (426 aa) |
| | WOX5 | WUSCHEL-related homeobox 5; Transcription factor, which may be involved in the specification and maintenance of the stem cells (QC cells) in the root apical meristem (RAM). (182 aa) |
| | EMF2 | Polycomb group protein EMBRYONIC FLOWER 2; Polycomb group (PcG) protein. Involved in flowering processes by repressing unknown target genes and preventing reproductive development. Participates in polycomb group (PcG) protein complex- mediated (probably in complex with EMF1) silencing of the flower homeotic genes AGAMOUS (AG), PISTILLATA (PI), and APETALA3 (AP3), as well as of some regulatory genes such as ABSCISIC ACID INSENSITIVE3 (ABI3), LONG VEGETATIVE PHASE1 (LOV1), and FLOWERING LOCUS C (FLC) during vegetative development, by mediating trimethylation of histone 3 lysine 27 on the [...] (631 aa) |
| | GIF1 | GRF1-interacting factor 1; Transcription coactivator that plays a role in the regulation of cell expansion in leaf and cotyledons tissues. Component of a network formed by miR396, the GRFs and their interacting factors (GIFs) acting in the regulation of meristem function, at least partially through the control of cell proliferation. Appears to function synergistically with GRF1 as a transcriptional coactivator. Acts together with GRF5 for the development of appropriate leaf size and shape through the promotion and/or maintenance of cell proliferation activity in leaf primordia. Plays a [...] (210 aa) |
| | DME | Transcriptional activator DEMETER; Transcriptional activator involved in gene imprinting. Catalyzes the release of 5-methylcytosine (5-meC) from DNA by a glycosylase/lyase mechanism. Allows the expression of the maternal copy of the imprinted MEA gene before fertilization, possibly by antagonizing or suppressing DNA methylation on target promoter. Probably acts by nicking the MEA promoter. Required for stable reproducible patterns of floral and vegetative development. (1987 aa) |
| | TCP4 | Transcription factor TCP4; Transcription factor playing a pivotal role in the control of morphogenesis of shoot organs by negatively regulating the expression of boundary-specific genes such as CUC genes, probably through the induction of miRNA (e.g. miR164). Required during early steps of embryogenesis. Participates in ovule develpment. Activates LOX2 expression by binding to the 5'-GGACCA-3' motif found in its promoter. (420 aa) |
| | HUB1 | E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase BRE1-like 1; E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that monoubiquitinates H2B to form H2BK143ub1. H2BK143ub1 gives a specific tag for epigenetic transcriptional activation and is also prerequisite for H3K4me and maybe H3K79me. It thereby plays a central role in histone code and gene regulation. Forms a ubiquitin ligase complex in cooperation with the E2 enzyme UBC2/RAD6. Required for the regulation of flowering time and defense against necrotrophic fungal pathogens. Involved in the control of seed dormancy and germination. Belongs to the BRE1 family. (878 aa) |
| | LDL1 | Lysine-specific histone demethylase 1 homolog 1; Probable histone demethylase that reduces the levels of histone H3 'Lys-4' methylation in chromatin of the floral repressor FLOWERING LOCUS C (FLC) and the sporophytically silenced floral repressor FWA. Seems to act in partial redundancy with FLOWERING LOCUS D (FLD) to repress FLC expression. Required for cytosine methylation of FWA. Controls primary seed dormancy by regulating DOG1 and abscisic acid signaling-related genes. In association with OTU6/OTLD1, involved in transcriptional gene repression via histone deubiquitination and demet [...] (844 aa) |
| | SWI3A | SWI/SNF complex subunit SWI3A; Component of a multiprotein complex equivalent of the SWI/SNF complex, an ATP-dependent chromatin-remodeling complex, which is required for the positive and negative regulation of gene expression of a large number of genes. It changes chromatin structure by altering DNA-histone contacts within a nucleosome, leading eventually to a change in nucleosome position, thus facilitating or repressing binding of gene-specific transcription factors. (512 aa) |
| | VRN2 | Polycomb group protein VERNALIZATION 2; Polycomb group (PcG) protein. Plays a central role in vernalization by maintaining repressed the homeotic gene FLC, a floral repressor, after a cold treatment. PcG proteins act by forming multiprotein complexes, which are required to maintain the transcriptionally repressive state of homeotic genes throughout development. PcG proteins are not required to initiate repression, but to maintain it during later stages of development. They probably act via the methylation of histones, rendering chromatin heritably changed in its expressibility. Associa [...] (440 aa) |
| | IPT3 | Adenylate isopentenyltransferase 3, chloroplastic; Involved in cytokinin biosynthesis. Catalyzes the transfer of an isopentenyl group from dimethylallyl diphosphate (DMAPP) to ATP and ADP; Belongs to the IPP transferase family. (336 aa) |
| | KAN1 | Transcription repressor KAN1; Transcriptional repressor that regulates lateral organ polarity. Promotes lateral organ abaxial identity by repressing the adaxial regulator ASYMMETRIC LEAVES2 (AS2) in abaxial cells. Required for abaxial identity in both leaves and carpels. Functions with KAN2 in the specification of polarity of the ovule outer integument. Regulates cambium activity by repressing the auxin efflux carrier PIN1. Plays a role in lateral root formation and development. (403 aa) |
| | LHP1 | Chromo domain-containing protein LHP1; Structural component of heterochromatin involved in gene repression, including several floral homeotic genes and FLT that regulates flowering time. Required for maintenance of vernalization- induced repression of FLC. As part of the PRC1-like complex, recognizes and binds histone H3 tails methylated at 'Lys-9' (H3K9me) and 'Lys-27' (H3K27me), leading to epigenetic repression. PcG PRC1 complex maintains the transcriptionally repressive state of many genes, including Hox genes, throughout development. PcG PRC1 complex acts via chromatin remodeling a [...] (445 aa) |
| | TPL | Protein TOPLESS; Transcriptional corepressor. May repress the expression of root-promoting genes in the top half of the embryo to allow proper differentiation of the shoot pole during the transition stage of embryogenesis. Regulates the expression of PLT1 and PLT2. Negative regulator of jasmonate responses. Negative regulator of auxin responses. Negative regulator of multiple floral organ identity genes. Required for ovule development. (1131 aa) |
| | OBE3 | Protein OBERON 3; Probable transcription factor that functions redundantly with OBE4 in specification of the hypophysis and establishment of the embryonic root. Involved in the activation of ARF5/MP-dependent gene expression during embryonic root meristem initiation. Involved in shoot meristem homeostasis. (733 aa) |
| | IPT7 | Adenylate isopentenyltransferase 7, mitochondrial; Involved in cytokinin biosynthesis. Catalyzes the transfer of an isopentenyl group from dimethylallyl diphosphate (DMAPP) to ATP and ADP. (329 aa) |
| | AUX1 | Auxin transporter protein 1; Carrier protein involved in proton-driven auxin influx. Mediates the formation of auxin gradient from developing leaves (site of auxin biosynthesis) to tips by contributing to the loading of auxin in vascular tissues and facilitating acropetal (base to tip) auxin transport within inner tissues of the root apex, and basipetal (tip to base) auxin transport within outer tissues of the root apex. Unloads auxin from the mature phloem to deliver the hormone to the root meristem via the protophloem cell files. Coordinated subcellular localization of AUX1 is regula [...] (485 aa) |
| | CRC-2 | 12S seed storage protein CRC alpha chain; Seed storage protein. (524 aa) |
| | HAG1 | Histone acetyltransferase GCN5; Acetylates histone H3 and ADA2 proteins in vitro. Acetylates 'Lys-14' of histone H3. Acetylation of histones gives a specific tag for epigenetic transcription activation. Operates in concert with certain DNA-binding transcriptional activators. Acts via the formation of large multiprotein complexes that modify the chromatin (By similarity). Belongs to the acetyltransferase family. GCN5 subfamily. (568 aa) |
| | AHK4 | Histidine kinase 4; Cytokinins (CK) receptor related to bacterial two-component regulators. Binds also the synthetic urea-type cytokinin thiadiazuron, a potent defoliant and herbicide. Functions as a histidine kinase and transmits the stress signal to a downstream MAPK cascade. This protein undergoes an ATP-dependent autophosphorylation at a conserved histidine residue in the kinase core, and a phosphoryl group is then transferred to a conserved aspartate residue in the receiver domain. In the presence of cytokinin, feeds phosphate to phosphorelay-integrating histidine phosphotransfer [...] (1080 aa) |
| | AHK2 | Histidine kinase 2; Cytokinins (CK) receptor related to bacterial two-component regulators. Functions as a histidine kinase and transmits the stress signal to a downstream MAPK cascade. This protein undergoes an ATP- dependent autophosphorylation at a conserved histidine residue in the kinase core, and a phosphoryl group is then transferred to a conserved aspartate residue in the receiver domain. In the presence of cytokinin, feeds phosphate to phosphorelay-integrating histidine phosphotransfer protein (HPt) and activates subsequent cascade. Involved in meristems establishment in seedl [...] (1176 aa) |
| | HUB2 | E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase BRE1-like 2; E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that monoubiquitinates H2B to form H2BK143ub1. H2BK143ub1 gives a specific tag for epigenetic transcriptional activation and is also prerequisite for H3K4me and maybe H3K79me. It thereby plays a central role in histone code and gene regulation. Forms a ubiquitin ligase complex in cooperation with the E2 enzyme UBC2/RAD6; Belongs to the BRE1 family. (900 aa) |
| | KNU | Zinc finger protein KNUCKLES; May function as a transcriptional repressor of cellular proliferation that regulates floral determinacy and relative size of basal pattern elements along the proximo-distal axis of the developing gynoecium. (161 aa) |
| | HEC1 | Transcription factor HEC1; Required for the female reproductive tract development and fertility. (241 aa) |
| | AGL62 | Agamous-like MADS-box protein AGL62; Probable transcription factor. Required for suppression of cellularization and promotion of nuclear proliferation during early endosperm development. The FERTILIZATION-INDEPENDENT SEED (FIS) polycomb complex is required for suppression of ALG62 expression at the end of the syncytial phase of endosperm development. (299 aa) |
| | RING1A | Putative E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase RING1a; Putative E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that mediates monoubiquitination of 'Lys-119' of histone H2A (H2AK119ub), thereby playing a central role in histone code and gene regulation. (522 aa) |
| | HDA6 | Histone deacetylase 6; Responsible for the deacetylation of lysine residues on the N-terminal part of the core histones (H2A, H2B, H3 and H4). Might remove acetyl residues only from specific targets, such as rDNA repeats or complex transgenes. Histone deacetylation gives a tag for epigenetic repression and plays an important role in transcriptional regulation, cell cycle progression and developmental events. Histone deacetylases act via the formation of large multiprotein complexes. Required for rRNA gene silencing in nucleolar dominance. Plays a role in transgene silencing, but this e [...] (471 aa) |
| | UBP12 | Ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase 12; Recognizes and hydrolyzes the peptide bond at the C-terminal Gly of ubiquitin. Involved in the processing of poly-ubiquitin precursors as well as that of ubiquitinated proteins (By similarity). (1116 aa) |
| | HDT1 | Histone deacetylase HDT1; Probably mediates the deacetylation of lysine residues on the N-terminal part of the core histones (H2A, H2B, H3 and H4). Histone deacetylation gives a tag for epigenetic repression and plays an important role in transcriptional regulation, cell cycle progression and developmental events. Required for histone H3 'Lys-9' deacetylation. Involved in rRNA gene silencing in nucleolar dominance. Seems to be implicated in the regulation of genes involved in seeds development; Belongs to the histone deacetylase HD2 family. (245 aa) |
| | YUC10 | Probable indole-3-pyruvate monooxygenase YUCCA10; Involved in auxin biosynthesis. Belongs to the FMO family. (383 aa) |
| | SNL2 | Paired amphipathic helix protein Sin3-like 2; Acts as a transcriptional repressor. Plays roles in regulating gene expression and genome stability (By similarity). (1367 aa) |
| | LDL2 | Lysine-specific histone demethylase 1 homolog 2; Probable histone demethylase that reduces the levels of histone H3 'Lys-4' methylation in chromatin of the floral repressor FLOWERING LOCUS C (FLC) and the sporophytically silenced floral repressor FWA. Seems to act in partial redundancy with FLOWERING LOCUS D (FLD) to repress FLC expression. Required for cytosine methylation of FWA. Controls primary seed dormancy by regulating DOG1 and abscisic acid signaling-related genes. Belongs to the flavin monoamine oxidase family. (746 aa) |
| | FHY3 | Protein FAR-RED ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL 3; Transcription activator that recognizes and binds to the DNA consensus sequence 5'-CACGCGC-3'. Activates the expression of FHY1 and FHL involved in light responses. When associated with PHYA, protects it from being recognized and degraded by the COP1/SPA complex. Positive regulator of chlorophyll biosynthesis via the activation of HEMB1 gene expression. Belongs to the FHY3/FAR1 family. (839 aa) |
| | IPT8 | Adenylate isopentenyltransferase 8, chloroplastic; Involved in cytokinin biosynthesis. Catalyzes the transfer of an isopentenyl group from dimethylallyl diphosphate (DMAPP) to ATP and ADP. (330 aa) |
| | BPS1 | Protein BPS1, chloroplastic; Required for normal root and shoot development. Prevents constitutive production of a root mobile carotenoid-derived signaling compound that is capable of arresting shoot and leaf development. (349 aa) |
| | TAR1 | Tryptophan aminotransferase-related protein 1; Probably involved in auxin production. TAA1, TAR1 and TAR2 are required for proper embryo patterning. Belongs to the alliinase family. (388 aa) |
| | CKX3 | Cytokinin dehydrogenase 3; Catalyzes the oxidation of cytokinins, a family of N(6)- substituted adenine derivatives that are plant hormones, where the substituent is an isopentenyl group. (523 aa) |
| | FUS3 | B3 domain-containing transcription factor FUS3; Transcription regulator involved in gene regulation during late embryogenesis. Its expression to the epidermis is sufficient to control foliar organ identity by regulating positively the synthesis abscisic acid (ABA) and negatively gibberellin production. Negatively regulates TTG1 in the embryo. Positively regulates the abundance of the ABI3 protein in the seed. Cooperates with KIN10 to regulate developmental phase transitions and lateral organ development and act both as positive regulators of abscisic acid (ABA) signaling during germination. (313 aa) |
| | PKL | CHD3-type chromatin-remodeling factor PICKLE; Chromatin remodeling factor that represses the expression of embryonic trait genes (such as NFYB9/LEC1) upon and after seed germination and thus enables the developmental switch to post- germinative growth. Silences some MADS-box proteins such as PHE1 and PHE2. Plays a role during carpel differentiation. Regulates late processes in cytokinin signaling. (1384 aa) |
| | WUS | Protein WUSCHEL; Transcription factor that plays a central role during early embryogenesis, oogenesis and flowering, probably by regulating expression of specific genes. Required to specify stem cell identity in meristems, such as shoot apical meristem (SAM). May induce shoot stem cells activity in order to maintain the stem cell identity. Involved in the developmental root meristem. In shoot apices, it is sufficient to induce the expression of CLV3, a putative ligand of the CLV signaling pathway. Also required to sustain organogenesis in the floral meristem by contributing to the expr [...] (292 aa) |
| | NFYB9 | Nuclear transcription factor Y subunit B-9; Component of the NF-Y/HAP transcription factor complex. The NF-Y complex stimulates the transcription of various genes by recognizing and binding to a CCAAT motif in promoters. Acts as a central regulator of the embryogenesis. Required for the speciation of cotyledon identity and the completion of embryo maturation. Controls seed storage protein genes through the regulation of FUS3 and ABI3. Involved in the blue light (BL) and abscisic acid (ABA) signaling pathways; Belongs to the NFYB/HAP3 subunit family. (238 aa) |
| | ARR16 | Two-component response regulator ARR16; Functions as response regulator involved in His-to-Asp phosphorelay signal transduction system. Phosphorylation of the Asp residue in the receiver domain activates the ability of the protein to promote the transcription of target genes. Type-A response regulators seem to act as negative regulators of the cytokinin signaling. Belongs to the ARR family. Type-A subfamily. (164 aa) |
| | SNL1 | Paired amphipathic helix protein Sin3-like 1; Acts as a transcriptional repressor. An histone deacetylase (HDAC) activity is required for transcription repression. May play a role in telomere stability. (1372 aa) |
| | FAS1 | Chromatin assembly factor 1 subunit FAS1; Component of the chromatin assembly factor complex (CAF-1) involved in chromatin assembly following DNA replication and DNA repair. Assembles histone octamers onto replicating DNA in vitro. Required for several aspects of development, including seedling growth and leaf hair differentiation. Plays a critical role in the organization of shoot apical meristem (SAM) and root apical meristem (RAM) during postembryonic development by facilitating stable maintenance of gene expression states. Seems not required to maintain transcriptional repression o [...] (815 aa) |
| | CLV3 | Protein CLAVATA 3; Extracellular signal that regulates meristem maintenance. Acts with CLV1 as a ligand-receptor pair in a signal transduction pathway coordinating growth between adjacent meristematic regions and controlling the balance between meristem cell proliferation and differentiation; Belongs to the CLV3/ESR signal peptide family. (96 aa) |
| | SWI3C | SWI/SNF complex subunit SWI3C; Component of a multiprotein complex equivalent of the SWI/SNF complex, an ATP-dependent chromatin-remodeling complex, which is required for the positive and negative regulation of gene expression of a large number of genes. It changes chromatin structure by altering DNA-histone contacts within a nucleosome, leading eventually to a change in nucleosome position, thus facilitating or repressing binding of gene-specific transcription factors. (807 aa) |
| | GA3OX2 | Gibberellin 3-beta-dioxygenase 2; Converts the inactive gibberellin (GA) precursors GA9 and GA20 in the bioactives gibberellins GA4 and GA1. Involved in the production of bioactive GA for vegetative growth and development. Belongs to the iron/ascorbate-dependent oxidoreductase family. GA3OX subfamily. (347 aa) |
