Ubiquinol oxidase 4, chloroplastic/chromoplastic; Acts early in chloroplast biogenesis as a component of a redox chain responsible for phytoene desaturation. Prevents the generation of toxic oxygen radicals and photooxidation of the nascent photosynthetic apparatus. Involved in the differentiation of multiple plastid types, including chloroplasts, amyloplasts, and etioplasts. Might participate in the chloroplast respiratory chain.

Prolycopene isomerase, chloroplastic; Carotene cis-trans-isomerase that converts 7,9,9'-tri-cis- neurosporene to 9'-cis-neurosporene and 7,9,9',7'-tetra-cis-lycopene (also known as prolycopene) into all-trans-lycopene. Isomerization requires redox-active components, suggesting that isomerization is achieved by a reversible redox reaction acting at specific double bonds. Isomerizes adjacent cis-double bonds at C7 and C9 pairwise into the trans-configuration, but is incapable of isomerizing single cis- double bonds at C9 and C9'. Carotenoid biosynthesis is partly required to form the pro [...]

Ubiquinol oxidase 4, chloroplastic/chromoplastic; Acts early in chloroplast biogenesis as a component of a redox chain responsible for phytoene desaturation. Prevents the generation of toxic oxygen radicals and photooxidation of the nascent photosynthetic apparatus. Involved in the differentiation of multiple plastid types, including chloroplasts, amyloplasts, and etioplasts. Might participate in the chloroplast respiratory chain.

Lycopene beta cyclase, chloroplastic; Involved in carotenoid biosynthesis. Catalyzes the double cyclization reaction which converts lycopene to beta-carotene and neurosporene to beta-zeacarotene. Major lycopene beta- cyclase that does not seem to be involved in neoxanthin synthesis. Involved in salt tolerance improvement by increasing synthesis of carotenoids, which impairs reactive oxygen species (ROS) and protects the photosynthetic system under salt stress.

Ubiquinol oxidase 4, chloroplastic/chromoplastic; Acts early in chloroplast biogenesis as a component of a redox chain responsible for phytoene desaturation. Prevents the generation of toxic oxygen radicals and photooxidation of the nascent photosynthetic apparatus. Involved in the differentiation of multiple plastid types, including chloroplasts, amyloplasts, and etioplasts. Might participate in the chloroplast respiratory chain.

15-cis-phytoene desaturase, chloroplastic/chromoplastic; Converts phytoene into zeta-carotene via the intermediary of phytofluene by the symmetrical introduction of two double bonds at the C-11 and C-11' positions of phytoene with a concomitant isomerization of two neighboring double bonds at the C9 and C9' positions from trans to cis; Belongs to the carotenoid/retinoid oxidoreductase family.

Ubiquinol oxidase 4, chloroplastic/chromoplastic; Acts early in chloroplast biogenesis as a component of a redox chain responsible for phytoene desaturation. Prevents the generation of toxic oxygen radicals and photooxidation of the nascent photosynthetic apparatus. Involved in the differentiation of multiple plastid types, including chloroplasts, amyloplasts, and etioplasts. Might participate in the chloroplast respiratory chain.

Phytoene synthase, chloroplastic; Catalyzes the reaction from prephytoene diphosphate to phytoene; Belongs to the phytoene/squalene synthase family.

Ubiquinol oxidase 4, chloroplastic/chromoplastic; Acts early in chloroplast biogenesis as a component of a redox chain responsible for phytoene desaturation. Prevents the generation of toxic oxygen radicals and photooxidation of the nascent photosynthetic apparatus. Involved in the differentiation of multiple plastid types, including chloroplasts, amyloplasts, and etioplasts. Might participate in the chloroplast respiratory chain.

Tyrosine-sulfated glycopeptide 2; Promotes cellular proliferation and expansion.

Ubiquinol oxidase 4, chloroplastic/chromoplastic; Acts early in chloroplast biogenesis as a component of a redox chain responsible for phytoene desaturation. Prevents the generation of toxic oxygen radicals and photooxidation of the nascent photosynthetic apparatus. Involved in the differentiation of multiple plastid types, including chloroplasts, amyloplasts, and etioplasts. Might participate in the chloroplast respiratory chain.

15-cis-zeta-carotene isomerase, chloroplastic; Isomerase involved in the biosynthesis of carotenoids. Catalyzes the cis- to trans-conversion of the 15-cis-bond in 9,15,9'- tri-cis-zeta-carotene.

Ubiquinol oxidase 4, chloroplastic/chromoplastic; Acts early in chloroplast biogenesis as a component of a redox chain responsible for phytoene desaturation. Prevents the generation of toxic oxygen radicals and photooxidation of the nascent photosynthetic apparatus. Involved in the differentiation of multiple plastid types, including chloroplasts, amyloplasts, and etioplasts. Might participate in the chloroplast respiratory chain.

Zeta-carotene desaturase, chloroplastic/chromoplastic; Plays a crucial role in plant growth and development. Is essential for the biosynthesis of carotenoids. Carotenoids are involved in different physiological processes, including coloration, photoprotection, biosynthesis of abscisic acid (ABA) and chloroplast biogenesis. Catalyzes the conversion of zeta-carotene to lycopene via the intermediary of neurosporene. It carries out two consecutive desaturations (introduction of double bonds) at positions C-7 and C-7'. Shows stereoselectivity toward trans C15-C15'zeta-carotene double bond. [...]

Probable carotenoid cleavage dioxygenase 4, chloroplastic; May be involved in carotenoid cleavage; Belongs to the carotenoid oxygenase family.

Prolycopene isomerase, chloroplastic; Carotene cis-trans-isomerase that converts 7,9,9'-tri-cis- neurosporene to 9'-cis-neurosporene and 7,9,9',7'-tetra-cis-lycopene (also known as prolycopene) into all-trans-lycopene. Isomerization requires redox-active components, suggesting that isomerization is achieved by a reversible redox reaction acting at specific double bonds. Isomerizes adjacent cis-double bonds at C7 and C9 pairwise into the trans-configuration, but is incapable of isomerizing single cis- double bonds at C9 and C9'. Carotenoid biosynthesis is partly required to form the pro [...]

Probable carotenoid cleavage dioxygenase 4, chloroplastic; May be involved in carotenoid cleavage; Belongs to the carotenoid oxygenase family.

Protein LUTEIN DEFICIENT 5, chloroplastic; Heme-containing cytochrome P450 involved in the biosynthesis of xanthophylls. Specific for beta-ring hydroxylation of alpha- and beta-carotene. Has also a low activity toward the epsilon-rings of alpha-carotene. The beta-ring of alpha-carotene is the preferred substrate in planta.

Probable carotenoid cleavage dioxygenase 4, chloroplastic; May be involved in carotenoid cleavage; Belongs to the carotenoid oxygenase family.

1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate reductoisomerase, chloroplastic; Enzyme of the plastid non-mevalonate pathway for isoprenoid biosynthesis that catalyzes the NADP-dependent rearrangement and reduction of 1-deoxy-D-xylulose-5-phosphate (DXP) to 2-C-methyl-D- erythritol 4-phosphate (MEP). Required for chloroplast development.

Probable carotenoid cleavage dioxygenase 4, chloroplastic; May be involved in carotenoid cleavage; Belongs to the carotenoid oxygenase family.

1-deoxy-D-xylulose-5-phosphate synthase, chloroplastic; Catalyzes the acyloin condensation reaction between C atoms 2 and 3 of pyruvate and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate to yield 1-deoxy-D- xylulose-5-phosphate (DXP). Is a limiting enzyme for plastidic isoprenoid biosynthesis and essential for chloroplast development. Belongs to the transketolase family. DXPS subfamily.

Probable carotenoid cleavage dioxygenase 4, chloroplastic; May be involved in carotenoid cleavage; Belongs to the carotenoid oxygenase family.

Lycopene beta cyclase, chloroplastic; Involved in carotenoid biosynthesis. Catalyzes the double cyclization reaction which converts lycopene to beta-carotene and neurosporene to beta-zeacarotene. Major lycopene beta- cyclase that does not seem to be involved in neoxanthin synthesis. Involved in salt tolerance improvement by increasing synthesis of carotenoids, which impairs reactive oxygen species (ROS) and protects the photosynthetic system under salt stress.

Probable carotenoid cleavage dioxygenase 4, chloroplastic; May be involved in carotenoid cleavage; Belongs to the carotenoid oxygenase family.

Protein ORANGE, chloroplastic; Involved in chromoplast differentiation. Associated with a cellular process that triggers the differentiation of pro-plastids or other non-colored plastids into chromoplasts for carotenoid accumulation. Is associated with carotenoid accumulation in chromoplasts. Functions as a major regulator of the phytoene synthase PSY1 protein level and activity. Modulates carotenoid biosynthesis by means of post-transcriptional regulation of PSY1. Modulates carotenoid biosynthesis in part by up-regulating a series of endogenous carotenogenic genes. Belongs to the oran [...]

Probable carotenoid cleavage dioxygenase 4, chloroplastic; May be involved in carotenoid cleavage; Belongs to the carotenoid oxygenase family.

15-cis-phytoene desaturase, chloroplastic/chromoplastic; Converts phytoene into zeta-carotene via the intermediary of phytofluene by the symmetrical introduction of two double bonds at the C-11 and C-11' positions of phytoene with a concomitant isomerization of two neighboring double bonds at the C9 and C9' positions from trans to cis; Belongs to the carotenoid/retinoid oxidoreductase family.

Probable carotenoid cleavage dioxygenase 4, chloroplastic; May be involved in carotenoid cleavage; Belongs to the carotenoid oxygenase family.

Phytoene synthase, chloroplastic; Catalyzes the reaction from prephytoene diphosphate to phytoene; Belongs to the phytoene/squalene synthase family.

Probable carotenoid cleavage dioxygenase 4, chloroplastic; May be involved in carotenoid cleavage; Belongs to the carotenoid oxygenase family.

Tyrosine-sulfated glycopeptide 2; Promotes cellular proliferation and expansion.

Probable carotenoid cleavage dioxygenase 4, chloroplastic; May be involved in carotenoid cleavage; Belongs to the carotenoid oxygenase family.

15-cis-zeta-carotene isomerase, chloroplastic; Isomerase involved in the biosynthesis of carotenoids. Catalyzes the cis- to trans-conversion of the 15-cis-bond in 9,15,9'- tri-cis-zeta-carotene.

Probable carotenoid cleavage dioxygenase 4, chloroplastic; May be involved in carotenoid cleavage; Belongs to the carotenoid oxygenase family.

Zeta-carotene desaturase, chloroplastic/chromoplastic; Plays a crucial role in plant growth and development. Is essential for the biosynthesis of carotenoids. Carotenoids are involved in different physiological processes, including coloration, photoprotection, biosynthesis of abscisic acid (ABA) and chloroplast biogenesis. Catalyzes the conversion of zeta-carotene to lycopene via the intermediary of neurosporene. It carries out two consecutive desaturations (introduction of double bonds) at positions C-7 and C-7'. Shows stereoselectivity toward trans C15-C15'zeta-carotene double bond. [...]

Cytidine deaminase 1; This enzyme scavenges exogenous and endogenous cytidine and 2'-deoxycytidine for UMP synthesis. Functions as a conventional cytidine deaminase. Has no affinity for RNA and is not involved in RNA- editing by C-to-U deamination.

15-cis-phytoene desaturase, chloroplastic/chromoplastic; Converts phytoene into zeta-carotene via the intermediary of phytofluene by the symmetrical introduction of two double bonds at the C-11 and C-11' positions of phytoene with a concomitant isomerization of two neighboring double bonds at the C9 and C9' positions from trans to cis; Belongs to the carotenoid/retinoid oxidoreductase family.

Prolycopene isomerase, chloroplastic; Carotene cis-trans-isomerase that converts 7,9,9'-tri-cis- neurosporene to 9'-cis-neurosporene and 7,9,9',7'-tetra-cis-lycopene (also known as prolycopene) into all-trans-lycopene. Isomerization requires redox-active components, suggesting that isomerization is achieved by a reversible redox reaction acting at specific double bonds. Isomerizes adjacent cis-double bonds at C7 and C9 pairwise into the trans-configuration, but is incapable of isomerizing single cis- double bonds at C9 and C9'. Carotenoid biosynthesis is partly required to form the pro [...]

Ubiquinol oxidase 4, chloroplastic/chromoplastic; Acts early in chloroplast biogenesis as a component of a redox chain responsible for phytoene desaturation. Prevents the generation of toxic oxygen radicals and photooxidation of the nascent photosynthetic apparatus. Involved in the differentiation of multiple plastid types, including chloroplasts, amyloplasts, and etioplasts. Might participate in the chloroplast respiratory chain.